2006 Census Topic-based tabulations
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Topic-based tabulation: Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (309), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data
About this tabulation
General information
| Catalogue number : | 97-564-XCB2006007 |
|---|---|
| Release date : | December 9, 2008 |
| Topic : | Ethnic origin and visible minorities |
| Data dimensions : |
Note
Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (309)' variable.
Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration
There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.
Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics
Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.
Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).
Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.
Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.
Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations
Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.
Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates
Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.
These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.
For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.
Note: Data on knowledge of official languages
According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.
Note: Ethnic origin
In 2006, the Ethnic origin question asked: 'What were the ethnic or cultural origins of this person's ancestors?' Respondents were asked to specify as many origins as applicable. Four write-in spaces were provided and up to six ethnic origins were retained.
Since 1981, when respondents were first permitted to report more than one ethnic origin in the census, a distinction has been made between single and multiple ethnic origin responses. A 'single' response is given when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only. A 'multiple' response is given when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins. A 'total response' indicates the sum of single and multiple responses for each specific group.
It must be noted that the measurement of ethnicity is affected by changes in the social environment in which the question is asked, and changes in the respondent's understanding or views about the topic. Awareness of family background or length of time since immigration can affect responses to the ethnic origin question. Some respondents may confuse or combine the concept of ethnic origin with other concepts such as citizenship, nationality, language or cultural identity.
As well, some respondents may choose to provide very specific ethnic origins in the census, while others may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ethnic ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different ethnic origins. For example, one respondent may report 'East Indian' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Punjabi' or 'South Asian' origins; one respondent may report 'Black' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Ghanaian' or 'African.' As a result, ethnic origin data are very fluid, and counts for certain origins, such as 'East Indian' and 'Black,' may seem lower than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for two or more ethnic origins together or use counts for ethnic categories such as 'South Asian origins' or 'African origins.'
For additional information on issues related to the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, and on the comparability of ethnic origin data over time, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue number 97-562-GWE2006025.
Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings
In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.
Note: Income suppression
Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.
Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions
Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.
In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.
Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings
Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.
In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.
Note: Institutional residents
People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.
Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories
Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.
Data table
| Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (309) | Sex (3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total - Sex | Male | Female | |
| Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 3 | 25,664,225 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,435 |
| Never legally married (single) | 8,963,165 | 4,757,225 | 4,205,940 |
| Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 4 | 12,415,720 | 6,206,000 | 6,209,720 |
| Separated, but still legally married | 766,035 | 337,045 | 428,990 |
| Divorced | 2,067,200 | 889,455 | 1,177,745 |
| Widowed | 1,452,105 | 281,060 | 1,171,045 |
| Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 5 | 31,074,400 | 15,243,285 | 15,831,115 |
| Number of family persons | 26,113,390 | 12,939,115 | 13,174,275 |
| Husbands or wives | 12,211,820 | 6,106,465 | 6,105,355 |
| Common-law partners | 2,753,740 | 1,380,440 | 1,373,295 |
| Lone parents | 1,414,065 | 281,770 | 1,132,290 |
| Children in census families | 9,733,770 | 5,170,435 | 4,563,335 |
| Number of persons not in census families | 4,961,010 | 2,304,170 | 2,656,845 |
| Living with relatives | 644,010 | 265,750 | 378,265 |
| Living with non-relatives only | 989,950 | 556,655 | 433,295 |
| Living alone | 3,327,050 | 1,481,765 | 1,845,285 |
| Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 6 | 30,897,210 | 15,151,045 | 15,746,170 |
| Non-movers | 26,534,115 | 13,005,260 | 13,528,855 |
| Movers | 4,363,095 | 2,145,780 | 2,217,310 |
| Non-migrants | 2,554,260 | 1,256,095 | 1,298,170 |
| Migrants | 1,808,835 | 889,685 | 919,145 |
| Internal migrants | 1,511,300 | 745,360 | 765,940 |
| Intraprovincial migrants | 1,221,560 | 598,135 | 623,430 |
| Interprovincial migrants | 289,745 | 147,230 | 142,515 |
| External migrants | 297,530 | 144,325 | 153,205 |
| Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 7 | 29,544,485 | 14,458,620 | 15,085,860 |
| Non-movers | 17,457,170 | 8,550,365 | 8,906,805 |
| Movers | 12,087,315 | 5,908,255 | 6,179,055 |
| Non-migrants | 6,507,900 | 3,181,160 | 3,326,745 |
| Migrants | 5,579,410 | 2,727,095 | 2,852,315 |
| Internal migrants | 4,419,375 | 2,162,815 | 2,256,560 |
| Intraprovincial migrants | 3,566,795 | 1,737,160 | 1,829,630 |
| Interprovincial migrants | 852,580 | 425,655 | 426,925 |
| External migrants | 1,160,040 | 564,285 | 595,755 |
| Total population by mother tongueFootnote 8 | 31,241,030 | 15,326,270 | 15,914,760 |
| English | 17,882,780 | 8,833,110 | 9,049,670 |
| French | 6,817,655 | 3,325,530 | 3,492,125 |
| Non-official language | 6,147,840 | 2,976,655 | 3,171,180 |
| English and French | 98,625 | 46,765 | 51,865 |
| English and non-official language | 240,005 | 117,240 | 122,770 |
| French and non-official language | 43,335 | 21,640 | 21,695 |
| English, French and non-official language | 10,790 | 5,330 | 5,465 |
| Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 9 | 31,241,030 | 15,326,265 | 15,914,760 |
| English | 20,584,770 | 10,133,105 | 10,451,665 |
| French | 6,608,125 | 3,233,760 | 3,374,360 |
| Non-official language | 3,472,130 | 1,677,395 | 1,794,730 |
| English and French | 94,060 | 44,390 | 49,670 |
| English and non-official language | 406,460 | 200,495 | 205,960 |
| French and non-official language | 58,890 | 28,900 | 29,985 |
| English, French and non-official language | 16,600 | 8,220 | 8,385 |
| Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 10 | 31,241,030 | 15,326,270 | 15,914,765 |
| English only | 21,129,945 | 10,507,185 | 10,622,755 |
| French only | 4,141,850 | 1,915,265 | 2,226,585 |
| English and French | 5,448,850 | 2,698,870 | 2,749,980 |
| Neither English nor French | 520,385 | 204,945 | 315,440 |
| Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 11 | 18,418,100 | 9,599,245 | 8,818,855 |
| English | 14,064,105 | 7,347,510 | 6,716,600 |
| French | 3,724,975 | 1,930,405 | 1,794,565 |
| Non-official language | 273,830 | 139,825 | 134,005 |
| English and French | 252,295 | 128,820 | 123,470 |
| English and non-official language | 86,820 | 44,210 | 42,610 |
| French and non-official language | 5,060 | 2,545 | 2,510 |
| English, French and non-official language | 11,020 | 5,930 | 5,090 |
| Total - Immigrant status and place of birthFootnote 12 | 31,241,030 | 15,326,265 | 15,914,760 |
| Non-immigrantsFootnote 13 | 24,788,720 | 12,228,975 | 12,559,745 |
| Born in province of residence | 20,933,115 | 10,340,345 | 10,592,770 |
| Born outside province of residence | 3,855,610 | 1,888,630 | 1,966,975 |
| ImmigrantsFootnote 14 | 6,186,950 | 2,964,160 | 3,222,790 |
| United States of America | 250,535 | 108,320 | 142,215 |
| Central America | 130,460 | 62,870 | 67,585 |
| Caribbean and Bermuda | 317,765 | 138,305 | 179,465 |
| South America | 250,710 | 116,585 | 134,130 |
| Europe | 2,278,350 | 1,110,260 | 1,168,090 |
| Western Europe | 424,640 | 210,610 | 214,030 |
| Eastern Europe | 511,100 | 240,765 | 270,330 |
| Southern Europe | 698,085 | 353,655 | 344,425 |
| Italy | 296,850 | 152,420 | 144,425 |
| Other Southern Europe | 401,235 | 201,235 | 199,995 |
| Northern Europe | 644,525 | 305,225 | 339,305 |
| United Kingdom | 579,620 | 273,835 | 305,785 |
| Other Northern Europe | 64,905 | 31,385 | 33,520 |
| Africa | 374,565 | 192,775 | 181,785 |
| Western Africa | 48,645 | 25,570 | 23,075 |
| Eastern Africa | 129,920 | 62,570 | 67,350 |
| Northern Africa | 134,505 | 73,940 | 60,565 |
| Central Africa | 22,405 | 11,585 | 10,820 |
| Southern Africa | 39,085 | 19,110 | 19,980 |
| Asia and the Middle East | 2,525,155 | 1,207,000 | 1,318,155 |
| West Central Asia and the Middle East | 370,515 | 193,405 | 177,110 |
| Eastern Asia | 874,365 | 404,765 | 469,605 |
| China, People's Republic of | 466,940 | 213,950 | 252,990 |
| Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region | 215,430 | 103,225 | 112,205 |
| Other Eastern Asia | 191,995 | 87,590 | 104,405 |
| Southeast Asia | 560,995 | 246,740 | 314,255 |
| Philippines | 303,195 | 124,720 | 178,475 |
| Other Southeast Asia | 257,800 | 122,020 | 135,785 |
| Southern Asia | 719,280 | 362,090 | 357,185 |
| India | 443,685 | 221,225 | 222,465 |
| Other Southern Asia | 275,595 | 140,865 | 134,725 |
| Oceania and otherFootnote 15 | 59,410 | 28,050 | 31,360 |
| Non-permanent residentsFootnote 16 | 265,355 | 133,130 | 132,225 |
| Total - CitizenshipFootnote 17 | 31,241,030 | 15,326,265 | 15,914,760 |
| Canadian citizens | 29,480,165 | 14,492,990 | 14,987,170 |
| Canadian citizens only | 28,617,055 | 14,064,850 | 14,552,200 |
| Citizens of Canada and at least one other country | 863,110 | 428,135 | 434,975 |
| Not Canadian citizensFootnote 18 | 1,760,865 | 833,280 | 927,590 |
| Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 19 | 6,186,950 | 2,964,155 | 3,222,795 |
| Under 5 years | 543,395 | 269,450 | 273,945 |
| 5 to 14 years | 1,102,130 | 560,365 | 541,770 |
| 15 to 24 years | 1,417,945 | 647,885 | 770,055 |
| 25 to 44 years | 2,549,570 | 1,229,190 | 1,320,380 |
| 45 years and over | 573,910 | 257,265 | 316,640 |
| Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 20 | 31,241,030 | 15,326,265 | 15,914,765 |
| Non-immigrantsFootnote 21 | 24,788,725 | 12,228,980 | 12,559,745 |
| ImmigrantsFootnote 22 | 6,186,950 | 2,964,155 | 3,222,790 |
| Before 1991 | 3,408,415 | 1,642,190 | 1,766,225 |
| 1991 to 2000 | 1,668,550 | 791,775 | 876,780 |
| 1991 to 1995 | 823,930 | 384,630 | 439,300 |
| 1996 to 2000 | 844,625 | 407,145 | 437,480 |
| 2001 to 2006Footnote 23 | 1,109,980 | 530,190 | 579,790 |
| Non-permanent residentsFootnote 24 | 265,355 | 133,135 | 132,225 |
| Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 25 | 25,664,225 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,435 |
| 1st generationFootnote 26 | 6,124,560 | 2,933,875 | 3,190,685 |
| 2nd generationFootnote 27 | 4,006,420 | 1,948,815 | 2,057,600 |
| 3rd generation or moreFootnote 28 | 15,533,245 | 7,588,095 | 7,945,145 |
| Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 29 | 25,664,225 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,435 |
| In the labour force | 17,146,135 | 9,020,595 | 8,125,540 |
| Employed | 16,021,180 | 8,431,530 | 7,589,645 |
| Unemployed | 1,124,960 | 589,060 | 535,895 |
| Not in the labour force | 8,518,090 | 3,450,190 | 5,067,900 |
| Participation rate | 66.8 | 72.3 | 61.6 |
| Employment rate | 62.4 | 67.6 | 57.5 |
| Unemployment rate | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.6 |
| Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 30 | 17,146,135 | 9,020,595 | 8,125,540 |
| Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 31 | 284,950 | 135,785 | 149,170 |
| All classes of workerFootnote 32 | 16,861,180 | 8,884,810 | 7,976,370 |
| Wage earners | 14,816,200 | 7,558,530 | 7,257,675 |
| Self-employedFootnote 33 | 1,993,715 | 1,310,140 | 683,575 |
| Unpaid family workers | 51,265 | 16,145 | 35,125 |
| Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 34 | 17,146,135 | 9,020,595 | 8,125,535 |
| Industry - Not applicableFootnote 35 | 284,950 | 135,785 | 149,165 |
| All industriesFootnote 36 | 16,861,180 | 8,884,810 | 7,976,370 |
| 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | 523,655 | 368,785 | 154,870 |
| 21 Mining and oil and gas extraction | 238,815 | 195,165 | 43,645 |
| 22 Utilities | 132,950 | 100,040 | 32,905 |
| 23 Construction | 1,069,100 | 938,975 | 130,125 |
| 31-33 Manufacturing | 2,005,985 | 1,421,545 | 584,440 |
| 41 Wholesale trade | 739,305 | 494,575 | 244,730 |
| 44-45 Retail trade | 1,917,175 | 859,725 | 1,057,450 |
| 48-49 Transportation and warehousing | 820,195 | 615,140 | 205,055 |
| 51 Information and cultural industries | 417,325 | 225,295 | 192,030 |
| 52 Finance and insurance | 689,210 | 253,660 | 435,545 |
| 53 Real estate and rental and leasing | 303,510 | 165,625 | 137,880 |
| 54 Professional, scientific and technical services | 1,122,450 | 621,925 | 500,520 |
| 55 Management of companies and enterprises | 20,535 | 10,410 | 10,125 |
| 56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services | 722,695 | 400,615 | 322,075 |
| 61 Educational services | 1,150,530 | 379,915 | 770,620 |
| 62 Health care and social assistance | 1,716,255 | 308,055 | 1,408,195 |
| 71 Arts, entertainment and recreation | 346,315 | 177,795 | 168,515 |
| 72 Accommodation and food services | 1,126,695 | 446,550 | 680,150 |
| 81 Other services (except public administration) | 819,880 | 383,845 | 436,035 |
| 91 Public administration | 978,615 | 517,175 | 461,440 |
| Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 37 | 17,146,135 | 9,020,595 | 8,125,540 |
| Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 38 | 284,950 | 135,790 | 149,165 |
| All occupationsFootnote 39 | 16,861,180 | 8,884,810 | 7,976,375 |
| A Management occupations | 1,631,730 | 1,032,940 | 598,790 |
| B Business, finance and administrative occupations | 3,025,425 | 863,420 | 2,162,005 |
| C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations | 1,108,045 | 865,825 | 242,220 |
| D Health occupations | 950,360 | 188,845 | 761,515 |
| E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion | 1,414,320 | 451,150 | 963,175 |
| F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport | 502,195 | 225,345 | 276,850 |
| G Sales and service occupations | 4,037,725 | 1,716,465 | 2,321,255 |
| H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations | 2,550,295 | 2,374,605 | 175,690 |
| I Occupations unique to primary industry | 648,315 | 503,790 | 144,525 |
| J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities | 992,760 | 662,430 | 330,335 |
| Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 40 | 25,664,220 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,435 |
| No certificate, diploma or degree | 6,098,325 | 3,004,620 | 3,093,705 |
| Certificate, diploma or degree | 19,565,895 | 9,466,160 | 10,099,735 |
| High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 41 | 6,553,425 | 3,032,865 | 3,520,560 |
| Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma | 2,785,420 | 1,778,085 | 1,007,340 |
| College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 42 | 4,435,135 | 1,906,335 | 2,528,800 |
| University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 43 | 1,136,145 | 479,095 | 657,055 |
| University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 44 | 4,655,765 | 2,269,785 | 2,385,985 |
| Bachelor's degree | 2,981,460 | 1,378,420 | 1,603,040 |
| University certificate or diploma above bachelor level | 493,535 | 224,065 | 269,475 |
| Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry | 136,845 | 82,140 | 54,700 |
| Master's degree | 866,975 | 464,065 | 402,910 |
| Earned doctorate | 176,940 | 121,095 | 55,850 |
| Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 45 | 13,012,475 | 6,433,300 | 6,579,180 |
| Education | 994,665 | 249,000 | 745,665 |
| Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies | 481,190 | 222,755 | 258,440 |
| Humanities | 717,125 | 283,590 | 433,535 |
| Social and behavioural sciences and law | 1,275,105 | 449,800 | 825,305 |
| Business, management and public administration | 2,801,720 | 1,016,405 | 1,785,315 |
| Physical and life sciences and technologies | 451,960 | 245,195 | 206,765 |
| Mathematics, computer and information sciences | 568,755 | 345,705 | 223,050 |
| Architecture, engineering, and related technologies | 2,922,085 | 2,701,170 | 220,910 |
| Agriculture, natural resources and conservation | 291,510 | 203,550 | 87,960 |
| Health, parks, recreation and fitness | 1,728,890 | 324,415 | 1,404,475 |
| Personal, protective and transportation services | 777,370 | 391,005 | 386,365 |
| Other fields of studyFootnote 46 | 2,105 | 700 | 1,405 |
| Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 47 | 25,664,225 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,440 |
| No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree | 12,651,750 | 6,037,485 | 6,614,260 |
| Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree | 13,012,475 | 6,433,295 | 6,579,180 |
| Inside Canada | 10,948,475 | 5,363,290 | 5,585,185 |
| Newfoundland-and-Labrador | 215,440 | 105,715 | 109,725 |
| Prince-Edward-Island | 50,755 | 22,715 | 28,045 |
| Nova Scotia | 400,255 | 187,120 | 213,140 |
| New Brunswick | 274,260 | 131,540 | 142,720 |
| Quebec | 3,054,910 | 1,512,255 | 1,542,650 |
| Ontario | 3,972,230 | 1,946,315 | 2,025,915 |
| Manitoba | 414,365 | 196,500 | 217,870 |
| Saskatchewan | 378,560 | 171,025 | 207,535 |
| Alberta | 1,029,275 | 522,655 | 506,615 |
| British Columbia | 1,144,600 | 560,005 | 584,595 |
| Yukon Territory | 4,510 | 2,380 | 2,135 |
| Northwest Territories | 6,045 | 3,490 | 2,560 |
| Nunavut | 3,265 | 1,580 | 1,680 |
| Outside CanadaFootnote 48 | 2,064,000 | 1,070,010 | 993,990 |
| United States of America | 291,115 | 164,550 | 126,565 |
| United KingdomFootnote 49 | 235,465 | 135,020 | 100,445 |
| India | 161,560 | 83,200 | 78,360 |
| Philippines | 160,555 | 57,565 | 102,980 |
| China, People's Republic of | 142,885 | 68,485 | 74,400 |
| Germany | 65,485 | 36,925 | 28,560 |
| France | 56,595 | 32,330 | 24,265 |
| Poland | 53,660 | 26,220 | 27,435 |
| Pakistan | 52,195 | 28,050 | 24,140 |
| Korea, SouthFootnote 50 | 43,900 | 20,125 | 23,770 |
| Other | 800,600 | 417,530 | 383,065 |
| Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 51 | 25,664,220 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,435 |
| Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 52 | 8,622,385 | 3,562,760 | 5,059,625 |
| Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 53 | 9,275,765 | 5,332,040 | 3,943,720 |
| Average employment income $ | 51,221 | 58,537 | 41,331 |
| Median employment income $ | 41,401 | 46,778 | 35,830 |
| Standard error of average employment income $ | 52 | 86 | 37 |
| Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 54 | 7,766,080 | 3,575,985 | 4,190,095 |
| Average employment income $ | 22,398 | 27,304 | 18,211 |
| Median employment income $ | 13,072 | 15,047 | 11,840 |
| Standard error of average employment income $ | 41 | 82 | 29 |
| Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 55 | 25,664,225 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,440 |
| Without employment income | 7,462,955 | 2,990,230 | 4,472,730 |
| With employment incomeFootnote 56 | 18,201,265 | 9,480,555 | 8,720,710 |
| Under $5,000Footnote 57 | 2,696,195 | 1,255,625 | 1,440,570 |
| $5,000 to $9,999 | 1,827,850 | 773,390 | 1,054,455 |
| $10,000 to $19,999 | 2,862,810 | 1,232,870 | 1,629,940 |
| $20,000 to $29,999 | 2,440,740 | 1,122,265 | 1,318,475 |
| $30,000 to $39,999 | 2,265,075 | 1,122,655 | 1,142,420 |
| $40,000 to $49,999 | 1,770,720 | 995,005 | 775,715 |
| $50,000 to $59,999 | 1,272,410 | 789,720 | 482,695 |
| $60,000 to $74,999 | 1,320,495 | 866,045 | 454,445 |
| $75,000 and over | 1,744,970 | 1,322,975 | 421,990 |
| Average employment income $Footnote 58 | 36,301 | 43,869 | 28,073 |
| Median employment income $Footnote 59 | 26,850 | 32,874 | 21,543 |
| Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 60 | 34 | 60 | 24 |
| Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 61 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Market income % | 88.9 | 92.1 | 84.1 |
| Employment income % | 76.2 | 79.7 | 71.0 |
| Wages and salaries % | 70.7 | 73.2 | 67.0 |
| Self-employment income % | 5.5 | 6.4 | 4.0 |
| Investment income % | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.7 |
| Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.1 |
| Other money income % | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.3 |
| Government transfer payments % | 11.1 | 7.9 | 15.9 |
| Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % | 3.0 | 2.0 | 4.5 |
| Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % | 3.4 | 2.9 | 4.1 |
| Child benefits % | 1.3 | 0.1 | 3.1 |
| Employment Insurance benefits % | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| Other income from government sources % | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.4 |
| Income taxes paid % | 17.7 | 20.3 | 13.8 |
| Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 62 | 25,664,225 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,435 |
| Without wages and salaries | 8,905,800 | 3,849,895 | 5,055,900 |
| With wages and salaries | 16,758,420 | 8,620,885 | 8,137,530 |
| Under $5,000 | 2,376,085 | 1,097,595 | 1,278,495 |
| $5,000 to $9,999 | 1,626,860 | 668,480 | 958,380 |
| $10,000 to $19,999 | 2,548,365 | 1,052,305 | 1,496,060 |
| $20,000 to $29,999 | 2,249,190 | 998,465 | 1,250,730 |
| $30,000 to $39,999 | 2,148,345 | 1,042,140 | 1,106,200 |
| $40,000 to $49,999 | 1,702,960 | 947,305 | 755,650 |
| $50,000 to $59,999 | 1,224,070 | 756,605 | 467,460 |
| $60,000 and over | 2,882,555 | 2,057,990 | 824,565 |
| Average wages and salaries $Footnote 63 | 36,602 | 44,363 | 28,380 |
| Median wages and salaries $Footnote 64 | 27,994 | 34,582 | 22,459 |
| Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 65 | 35 | 63 | 24 |
| Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 66 | 25,664,220 | 12,470,785 | 13,193,440 |
| Without income | 1,241,060 | 518,625 | 722,435 |
| With income | 24,423,160 | 11,952,160 | 12,471,005 |
| Under $5,000Footnote 67 | 2,575,370 | 1,136,290 | 1,439,080 |
| $5,000 to $9,999 | 2,411,170 | 882,335 | 1,528,835 |
| $10,000 to $19,999 | 5,049,145 | 1,903,050 | 3,146,095 |
| $20,000 to $29,999 | 3,681,500 | 1,647,915 | 2,033,590 |
| $30,000 to $39,999 | 3,189,445 | 1,589,520 | 1,599,925 |
| $40,000 to $49,999 | 2,293,500 | 1,278,885 | 1,014,620 |
| $50,000 to $79,999 | 3,507,900 | 2,221,040 | 1,286,865 |
| $80,000 and over | 1,715,125 | 1,293,130 | 421,990 |
| Average income $Footnote 68 | 35,498 | 43,684 | 27,653 |
| Median income $Footnote 69 | 25,615 | 32,224 | 20,460 |
| Standard error of average income $Footnote 70 | 30 | 56 | 21 |
| Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 71 | 30,628,935 | 15,017,880 | 15,611,055 |
| Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 72 | 26,358,390 | 13,005,875 | 13,352,520 |
| Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax | 3,144,530 | 1,454,560 | 1,689,970 |
| Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % | 11.9 | 11.2 | 12.7 |
| Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax | 2,274,755 | 1,050,185 | 1,224,570 |
| Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % | 8.6 | 8.1 | 9.2 |
| Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families | 4,270,545 | 2,012,010 | 2,258,535 |
| Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off | 1,556,490 | 670,135 | 886,355 |
| Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % | 36.4 | 33.3 | 39.2 |
| Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off | 1,209,870 | 562,275 | 647,595 |
| Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % | 28.3 | 27.9 | 28.7 |
Footnotes
- Footnote 1
-
This is a total population count. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.
- Footnote 2
-
Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
- Footnote 3
-
Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried. - Footnote 4
-
In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.
- Footnote 5
-
Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:
Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.
Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.
Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.
Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:
Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.
Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.
Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.
Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family. - Footnote 6
-
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.
Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.
Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.
Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.
Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).
Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.
Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.
- Footnote 7
-
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.
Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.
Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.
Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.
Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).
Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.
Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.
- Footnote 8
-
Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. - Footnote 9
-
Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.
- Footnote 10
-
Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French. - Footnote 11
-
Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.
- Footnote 12
-
For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.
- Footnote 13
-
Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.
- Footnote 14
-
Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.
- Footnote 15
-
'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.
- Footnote 16
-
Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.
- Footnote 17
-
Includes persons who are stateless.
Return to footnote 17 referrer
Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies). - Footnote 18
-
Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.
- Footnote 19
-
Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.
The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years. - Footnote 20
-
Landed immigrant status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether or not the person is a landed immigrant in Canada. Landed immigrants are people who have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.
Non-immigrant population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most were born in Canada, a small number of them were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.
Immigrant population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people who are, or have been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada.
Non-permanent resident
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people from another country who had a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants at the time of the census, and family members living in Canada with them.
Period of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to ranges of years based on the year of immigration question. Year of immigration refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.
Year of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. - Footnote 21
-
Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.
- Footnote 22
-
Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.
- Footnote 23
-
Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.
- Footnote 24
-
Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.
- Footnote 25
-
Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more. - Footnote 26
-
Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).
- Footnote 27
-
Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).
- Footnote 28
-
Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).
- Footnote 29
-
Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.
Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.
Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.
Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.
Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.
The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.
Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.
The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.
Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).
The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration. - Footnote 30
-
Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours. - Footnote 31
-
Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.
- Footnote 32
-
Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.
- Footnote 33
-
Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.
- Footnote 34
-
Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.
- Footnote 35
-
Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.
- Footnote 36
-
Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.
- Footnote 37
-
Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.
- Footnote 38
-
Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.
- Footnote 39
-
Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.
- Footnote 40
-
'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.
Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.
However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.
Return to footnote 40 referrer
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement. - Footnote 41
-
'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.
- Footnote 42
-
'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.
- Footnote 43
-
The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.
In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.
We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.
For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.
More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003. - Footnote 44
-
Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.
- Footnote 45
-
'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.
Return to footnote 45 referrer
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other. - Footnote 46
-
Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.
- Footnote 47
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'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.
Return to footnote 47 referrer
Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level. - Footnote 48
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Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.
- Footnote 49
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The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
- Footnote 50
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The official name is the Republic of Korea.
- Footnote 51
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Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.
Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.
Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.
Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.
Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.
Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.
Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.
Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.
Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.
These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.
Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment. - Footnote 52
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Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.
- Footnote 53
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Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.
- Footnote 54
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Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.
- Footnote 55
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Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.
Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.
Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.
Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.
Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.
Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.
Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.
Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.
Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.
These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner. - Footnote 56
-
Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.
- Footnote 57
-
Including loss.
- Footnote 58
-
For persons with employment income.
- Footnote 59
-
For persons with employment income.
- Footnote 60
-
For persons with employment income.
- Footnote 61
-
Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.
- Footnote 62
-
Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.
Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.
Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.
Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.
Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.
Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.
These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner. - Footnote 63
-
For persons with wages and salaries.
- Footnote 64
-
For persons with wages and salaries.
- Footnote 65
-
For persons with wages and salaries.
- Footnote 66
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'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:
- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.
'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.
Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.
Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.
Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.
Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.
Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.
These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner. - Footnote 67
-
Including loss.
- Footnote 68
-
For persons with income.
- Footnote 69
-
For persons with income.
- Footnote 70
-
For persons with income.
- Footnote 71
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Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).
Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).
Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.
Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.
After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.
For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.
The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.
Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.
Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.
Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.
Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE. - Footnote 72
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Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.
Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.
Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006007.
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Footnotes
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- Footnote b
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To access the tab separated values (TAB) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example AscToTab.
- Footnote c
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To access the Beyond 20/20 (IVT) version, you need the Beyond 20/20 Table Browser, which may be downloaded below. These links download files directly from an external site and are not the responsibility of Statistics Canada.
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To install this product, run 'ProBrowser.exe'. - Footnote d
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Related data
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2006 Census analysis series:Canada's Ethnocultural Mosaic, 2006 Census: Findings
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2006 Census reference guides and technical reports:Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, 2006 Census
Visible Minority Population and Population Group Reference Guide, 2006 Census