2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (926), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-555-XCB2006060
Release date :January 22, 2009
Topic :Language
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (926)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Data quality - Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)

When comparing the census results to those of the 2001 Census, it appears that there is some overestimation of persons reporting Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in British Columbia and, as a result, also at the Canada level. Although it affects a relatively small population, it is best to apply caution when analysing the census data for Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in these geographies.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Comparability of 2006 Place of work data

Working at home can be measured in different ways. In the census, the 'Worked at home' category includes persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. In addition, the 2006 Census Guide instructed persons who worked part of the time at home and part of the time at an employer's address to indicate that they 'Worked at home' if most of their time was spent working at home (e.g., three days out of five).

Other Statistics Canada surveys such as the General Social Survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the Workplace and Employee Survey also collect information on working at home. However, the survey data are not directly comparable to the census data since the surveys ask respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home, whereas the census asks them where they usually worked most of the time. Consequently, census estimates on work at home are lower than survey estimates.

The place-of-work question has remained in virtually the same format in each census since 1971. However, in 1996, the category 'No fixed workplace address' replaced 'No usual place of work.' In 1996, the census questionnaire was modified by adding a check box for the 'No fixed workplace' response category. In previous censuses, respondents were asked to write 'No usual place of work' in the address fields. It is believed that previous censuses have undercounted the number of persons with 'No fixed workplace address.'

Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of municipalities could create some difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Definition of Place of work status

Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Respondent-completed responses:

Worked at home - Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence, persons who live and work on the same farm, building superintendents and teleworkers who spend most of their work week working at home.

Worked outside Canada - Persons who work at a location outside Canada. This can include diplomats, Armed Forces personnel and other persons enumerated abroad. This category also includes recent immigrants who may not currently be employed, but whose job of longest duration since January 1, 2005 was held outside Canada.

No fixed workplace address - Persons who do not go from home to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift. Such persons include building and landscape contractors, travelling salespersons, independent truck drivers, etc.

Worked at the address specified below - Persons who are not included in the categories described above and who report to the same (usual) workplace location at the beginning of each shift are included here. Respondents are asked to provide the street address, city, town, village, township, municipality or Indian reserve, province or territory and postal code of their workplace. If the full street address was not known, the name of the building or nearest street intersection could be substituted.

Teleworkers who spend less than one-half of their workweek working at their home office are asked to report the full address of their employer. Persons whose workplace location varied, but who reported regularly to an employer's address at the beginning of each shift, are asked to report the full address of the employer.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Description of the Profile of official-language groups (First official language spoken)

The Profile of official-language groups gives a statistical overview of official-language groups in Canada for certain geographic areas. For each of these geographic areas, the profile gives counts of official-language populations for characteristics such as home language, knowledge of languages, marital status, ethnic origin, place of birth, period of immigration, mobility status, citizenship, highest certificate, diploma or degree, labour force activity, occupation, industry and income distribution. It is based on data collected from a 20% sample of households at the time of the 2006 Census.

The profile consists of two tables, both containing the same data variables, but differing by the definition of the language groups. In this table, the language groups are defined by the respondents' first official language spoken. The data for each language group are displayed in the columns of the initial view of the table. Characteristics are identified in the rows of the initial view of the table. For example, official-language groups are shown first by legal marital status, next by common-law status, and so on. The age groups and sex are both displayed as a dimension.

Language groups are defined as follows. People who can conduct a conversation in French only are assigned French as their first official language spoken. People who can carry on a conversation in English only are assigned English as their first official language spoken. The responses to questions on mother tongue and home language (language spoken most often at home) are subsequently used to establish either the first official language spoken by people who speak both English and French, or who cannot speak either of the two official languages. People who have English only or English and one non-official language as their mother tongue are included in the 'English' category. The 'French' category includes people who have French only or French and one non-official language as their mother tongue. For cases that have not yet been classified, people are assigned to the 'French' category when they speak French only or French and one non-official language as their main home language. The procedure is the same for English. Thus, the population is classified into two principal categories: 'English' and 'French'. It is necessary to add two residual categories for people who could not be classified in accordance with the information available: 'English and French' and 'Neither English nor French'. Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for the population in CanadaFootnote 1
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (926) First official language spoken (4)
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 2 English French English and French
Total population by age groupsFootnote 3 31,241,030 23,197,090 7,204,390 331,925
0 to 4 years 1,690,400 1,255,020 339,110 10,045
5 to 9 years 1,808,275 1,406,290 373,195 17,990
10 to 14 years 2,078,135 1,592,180 452,105 29,560
15 to 19 years 2,135,920 1,650,300 448,240 33,155
20 to 24 years 2,071,895 1,596,195 439,020 29,375
25 to 29 years 1,975,770 1,474,185 464,430 26,680
30 to 34 years 2,011,300 1,533,535 435,975 28,700
35 to 39 years 2,197,715 1,680,585 468,195 30,715
40 to 44 years 2,596,385 1,938,985 602,660 27,360
45 to 49 years 2,606,755 1,910,825 643,210 22,140
50 to 54 years 2,344,660 1,701,350 592,805 18,735
55 to 59 years 2,072,050 1,495,055 526,110 15,420
60 to 64 years 1,577,475 1,097,945 430,830 12,010
65 to 69 years 1,220,380 855,290 310,460 9,990
70 to 74 years 1,035,260 716,100 261,725 8,330
75 to 79 years 849,310 594,580 204,075 6,320
80 to 84 years 581,545 413,740 133,630 3,490
85 years and over 387,800 284,920 78,610 1,905
Median ageFootnote 4 39.2 38.3 41.6 33.4
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 5 25,664,220 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,330
Never legally married (single) 8,963,160 6,241,605 2,587,520 107,140
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 6 12,415,720 9,712,970 2,293,640 140,295
Separated, but still legally married 766,035 606,590 142,330 5,535
Divorced 2,067,200 1,384,870 652,795 13,585
Widowed 1,452,110 997,565 363,695 7,780
Total population 15 years and over by common-law statusFootnote 7 25,664,225 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,335
Not in a common-law relationship 22,904,810 17,447,725 4,792,415 263,590
In a common-law relationship 2,759,415 1,495,880 1,247,565 10,740
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 8 31,241,030 23,197,090 7,204,390 331,925
Single responses 30,848,270 22,898,060 7,139,125 303,460
English 17,882,775 17,879,570 3,205 0
French 6,817,655 32,705 6,784,950 0
Non-official languages 6,147,840 4,985,785 350,975 303,455
Algonquin 1,920 485 1,230 145
Atikamekw 5,250 25 4,275 90
Blackfoot 3,085 3,060 0 0
Carrier 1,560 1,550 0 10
Chilcotin 1,070 1,020 20 15
Chipewyan 525 515 0 0
Cree 78,855 72,255 435 2,765
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) 5,585 5,480 15 25
Dene 9,750 9,275 15 10
Dogrib 2,020 1,910 0 10
Gitksan 1,175 1,175 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 370 350 10 0
Inuktitut, n.i.e. 32,010 25,080 900 1,345
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) 355 355 0 0
Malecite 535 530 0 10
Mi'kmaq 7,365 7,150 30 105
Mohawk 290 275 15 0
Montagnais-Naskapi 10,975 1,905 7,270 740
Nisga'a 680 675 0 0
North Slave (Hare) 1,060 1,010 0 10
Ojibway 24,190 23,460 20 30
Oji-Cree 11,690 10,810 0 10
Shuswap 935 915 15 0
South Slave 1,605 1,520 0 10
Tlingit 85 85 0 0
Italian 455,040 359,055 36,145 28,075
Portuguese 219,270 167,010 19,170 10,090
Romanian 78,500 43,665 10,250 20,805
Spanish 345,350 219,760 63,360 36,275
Danish 18,735 18,435 85 180
Dutch 128,900 125,105 1,380 1,650
Flemish 5,660 4,960 545 150
Frisian 2,890 2,835 0 20
German 450,570 427,565 5,820 5,580
Norwegian 7,225 7,090 60 75
Swedish 8,220 7,835 155 185
Yiddish 16,295 13,710 140 1,085
Bosnian 12,790 9,955 1,210 780
Bulgarian 16,790 11,095 1,815 3,135
Croatian 55,335 51,550 600 1,705
Czech 24,450 23,085 470 700
Macedonian 18,440 17,020 65 385
Polish 211,175 189,960 4,415 8,985
Russian 133,580 108,260 5,250 11,280
Serbian 51,665 44,810 855 2,995
Serbo-Croatian 12,505 9,170 1,535 1,155
Slovak 18,820 17,680 305 455
Slovenian 13,135 12,620 190 165
Ukrainian 134,500 128,625 910 2,550
Latvian 7,000 6,710 25 215
Lithuanian 8,340 7,835 190 195
Estonian 8,245 7,910 45 225
Finnish 21,030 20,555 120 85
Hungarian 73,340 67,805 1,450 2,485
Greek 117,285 97,275 2,585 9,765
Armenian 30,130 15,305 2,385 10,595
Turkish 24,745 18,185 2,530 1,895
Amharic 14,555 13,585 125 355
Arabic 261,640 147,370 64,235 35,990
Hebrew 17,630 15,630 545 1,110
Maltese 6,405 6,330 15 40
Somali 27,325 22,915 1,035 1,620
Tigrigna 7,105 6,445 115 175
Bengali 45,685 39,025 720 3,385
Gujarati 81,470 71,820 440 2,095
Hindi 78,240 73,450 165 1,335
Kurdish 7,660 5,880 600 360
Panjabi (Punjabi) 367,505 301,525 750 7,065
Pashto 9,025 7,460 125 320
Persian (Farsi) 134,080 110,255 4,165 8,720
Sindhi 10,360 9,700 60 185
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10,180 9,790 30 130
Urdu 145,805 131,290 800 3,910
Malayalam 11,925 11,510 10 85
Tamil 115,875 100,630 845 4,425
Telugu 6,630 6,325 0 85
Japanese 40,200 36,910 400 465
Korean 125,575 108,455 510 3,075
Cantonese 361,450 281,645 1,525 7,060
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 9 456,710 352,060 8,765 15,700
Mandarin 170,955 139,515 1,265 4,040
Taiwanese 9,620 7,820 25 250
Lao 13,940 8,390 3,145 1,320
Khmer (Cambodian) 19,100 10,200 4,595 1,900
Vietnamese 141,625 99,750 11,350 11,905
Bisayan languages 11,240 11,005 40 55
Ilocano 13,450 12,905 45 180
Malay 9,495 9,145 45 65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 235,620 230,455 285 1,945
Akan (Twi) 12,780 12,005 50 495
Swahili 7,935 5,025 2,080 575
Creoles 53,520 5,915 39,630 6,220
Other languagesFootnote 10 172,650 130,350 24,120 7,605
Multiple responses 392,760 299,030 65,260 28,465
English and French 98,630 50,310 24,305 24,015
English and non-official language 240,005 239,620 380 0
French and non-official language 43,335 4,325 39,010 0
English, French and non-official language 10,790 4,775 1,560 4,450
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 11 31,241,030 23,197,090 7,204,390 331,925
English only 21,129,945 21,129,945 0 0
French only 4,141,855 0 4,141,850 0
English and French 5,448,850 2,056,555 3,060,560 331,730
Neither English nor French 520,385 10,590 1,975 200
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 12 31,241,030 23,197,090 7,204,390 331,930
Single responses 30,665,030 22,769,850 7,098,425 289,130
English 20,584,775 20,179,200 405,575 0
French 6,608,120 70,110 6,538,015 0
Non-official languages 3,472,130 2,520,545 154,835 289,130
Algonquin 390 85 125 120
Atikamekw 4,750 15 3,780 90
Blackfoot 1,575 1,545 0 0
Carrier 605 600 0 0
Chilcotin 430 380 20 15
Chipewyan 125 110 0 0
Cree 47,190 40,785 280 2,745
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) 3,785 3,690 10 20
Dene 7,490 7,010 0 25
Dogrib 1,110 1,000 0 0
Gitksan 320 310 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 65 55 0 0
Inuktitut, n.i.e. 25,290 18,445 825 1,345
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) 20 25 0 0
Malecite 135 130 0 0
Mi'kmaq 3,985 3,770 30 105
Mohawk 20 20 0 0
Montagnais-Naskapi 9,720 1,740 6,210 715
Nisga'a 180 175 0 0
North Slave (Hare) 650 600 0 0
Ojibway 11,115 10,395 0 30
Oji-Cree 8,480 7,595 0 0
Shuswap 250 235 15 0
South Slave 600 520 0 0
Tlingit 0 10 0 0
Italian 170,330 95,115 18,500 25,030
Portuguese 103,875 64,240 7,255 9,455
Romanian 51,060 20,945 5,890 20,495
Spanish 209,955 114,910 33,700 35,180
Danish 1,335 1,190 10 105
Dutch 14,235 11,875 110 1,485
Flemish 425 250 40 115
Frisian 250 215 10 15
German 128,350 110,815 870 4,960
Norwegian 460 405 0 55
Swedish 1,110 890 10 175
Yiddish 5,700 3,370 105 1,010
Bosnian 8,385 6,030 775 775
Bulgarian 11,810 6,755 1,185 3,120
Croatian 22,165 18,750 280 1,625
Czech 6,980 5,995 115 690
Macedonian 8,700 7,285 45 390
Polish 101,575 83,920 1,405 8,510
Russian 93,810 70,130 3,175 11,310
Serbian 34,770 28,055 575 3,015
Serbo-Croatian 6,545 4,180 810 1,025
Slovak 5,805 4,995 30 425
Slovenian 2,710 2,440 25 135
Ukrainian 28,055 23,445 270 2,220
Latvian 2,010 1,745 10 215
Lithuanian 2,585 2,245 45 160
Estonian 2,155 1,870 35 210
Finnish 4,185 3,805 15 90
Hungarian 21,905 18,100 300 1,975
Greek 55,100 37,215 965 9,335
Armenian 21,485 7,795 1,510 10,325
Turkish 15,880 10,260 1,725 1,775
Amharic 8,230 7,310 75 340
Arabic 144,745 74,865 21,695 34,075
Hebrew 8,650 6,675 270 1,310
Maltese 1,155 1,095 0 40
Somali 17,045 13,395 330 1,570
Tigrigna 3,545 3,030 15 145
Bengali 33,565 27,600 405 3,045
Gujarati 52,715 43,600 230 1,915
Hindi 42,875 38,115 45 1,330
Kurdish 4,950 3,620 290 305
Panjabi (Punjabi) 278,500 213,510 445 6,555
Pashto 6,705 5,270 30 315
Persian (Farsi) 97,220 75,575 2,085 8,510
Sindhi 5,045 4,370 30 200
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 4,780 4,365 0 120
Urdu 102,805 88,335 415 3,930
Malayalam 5,690 5,275 10 90
Tamil 92,680 77,765 550 4,455
Telugu 3,865 3,570 0 85
Japanese 19,535 16,575 135 425
Korean 101,495 84,690 255 3,055
Cantonese 300,590 215,120 840 7,165
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 13 341,480 244,725 5,605 15,195
Mandarin 143,380 112,450 705 4,095
Taiwanese 4,580 3,385 0 190
Lao 8,555 4,605 1,560 1,260
Khmer (Cambodian) 11,430 5,415 1,890 1,835
Vietnamese 111,440 73,845 7,420 11,755
Bisayan languages 4,610 4,420 20 50
Ilocano 5,925 5,525 0 105
Malay 3,680 3,425 10 65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 119,340 114,395 50 1,875
Akan (Twi) 7,330 6,640 50 415
Swahili 2,925 1,775 470 460
Creoles 21,605 2,060 11,955 5,835
Other languagesFootnote 14 77,440 55,665 5,865 6,355
Multiple responses 576,005 427,240 105,965 42,795
English and French 94,060 18,865 43,995 31,200
English and non-official language 406,455 404,775 1,685 0
French and non-official language 58,885 1,590 57,295 0
English, French and non-official language 16,600 2,015 2,990 11,595
Total population by language spoken on a regular basis at homeFootnote 15 31,241,030 23,197,095 7,204,390 331,925
None 27,339,185 20,394,570 6,309,625 161,540
Single responses 3,801,875 2,751,425 872,770 144,120
English 1,780,920 1,192,290 484,315 85,790
French 616,240 301,325 261,520 50,655
Non-official languages 1,404,710 1,257,815 126,935 7,675
Algonquin 775 200 555 20
Atikamekw 250 10 240 0
Blackfoot 1,215 1,215 0 0
Carrier 440 440 0 0
Chilcotin 230 230 0 0
Chipewyan 165 160 0 0
Cree 20,720 20,565 120 25
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) 1,105 1,100 0 0
Dene 1,535 1,525 0 0
Dogrib 820 815 0 0
Gitksan 360 355 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 215 210 0 0
Inuktitut, n.i.e. 6,235 6,160 70 0
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) 130 125 0 0
Malecite 215 210 0 0
Mi'kmaq 2,330 2,330 0 0
Mohawk 110 110 10 0
Montagnais-Naskapi 840 135 690 20
Nisga'a 295 295 0 0
North Slave (Hare) 300 305 0 0
Ojibway 9,150 9,115 25 0
Oji-Cree 2,405 2,405 0 0
Shuswap 520 515 0 0
South Slave 710 705 0 0
Tlingit 45 45 0 0
Italian 130,070 121,975 6,980 985
Portuguese 63,245 57,170 5,775 280
Romanian 14,035 11,405 2,360 165
Spanish 99,260 76,295 21,975 715
Danish 3,655 3,635 20 0
Dutch 26,360 26,080 235 45
Flemish 670 580 80 10
Frisian 380 380 0 0
German 90,470 88,400 1,755 265
Norwegian 1,120 1,050 65 0
Swedish 2,255 2,180 60 20
Yiddish 2,700 2,625 0 0
Bosnian 3,035 2,700 305 0
Bulgarian 2,430 2,020 370 35
Croatian 16,550 16,330 155 15
Czech 5,785 5,700 65 10
Macedonian 5,045 4,980 10 0
Polish 44,150 42,855 1,050 140
Russian 22,570 20,455 1,285 350
Serbian 9,940 9,605 245 65
Serbo-Croatian 2,690 2,390 270 10
Slovak 3,870 3,740 120 15
Slovenian 3,180 3,165 15 0
Ukrainian 26,430 25,975 155 70
Latvian 1,505 1,480 0 20
Lithuanian 1,680 1,645 15 10
Estonian 2,190 2,190 0 0
Finnish 4,840 4,775 50 20
Hungarian 16,060 15,640 215 150
Greek 41,930 40,900 790 155
Armenian 4,775 3,975 600 160
Turkish 5,505 4,795 410 90
Amharic 3,570 3,500 45 15
Arabic 79,615 48,695 29,775 835
Hebrew 9,495 8,590 565 165
Maltese 1,900 1,900 0 0
Somali 6,400 5,915 430 50
Tigrigna 2,150 2,115 0 20
Bengali 7,455 7,210 220 30
Gujarati 19,840 19,565 155 35
Hindi 35,865 34,870 80 95
Kurdish 1,530 1,175 215 45
Panjabi (Punjabi) 61,705 60,835 105 260
Pashto 1,215 1,135 20 10
Persian (Farsi) 20,695 19,665 775 135
Sindhi 3,460 3,400 25 15
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 3,715 3,670 25 10
Urdu 31,305 30,685 75 135
Malayalam 3,820 3,820 0 0
Tamil 17,300 17,095 180 10
Telugu 1,575 1,555 0 15
Japanese 13,155 12,630 400 10
Korean 14,765 14,505 125 35
Cantonese 58,110 56,215 515 115
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 16 60,945 58,230 1,540 195
Mandarin 24,225 22,275 190 170
Taiwanese 3,625 2,905 0 25
Lao 3,205 2,350 775 55
Khmer (Cambodian) 4,420 2,645 1,520 100
Vietnamese 24,720 19,550 3,570 245
Bisayan languages 1,930 1,905 15 0
Ilocano 2,925 2,885 0 25
Malay 2,945 2,890 10 10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 72,945 72,700 90 60
Akan (Twi) 4,040 3,990 25 30
Swahili 3,705 2,430 1,175 80
Creoles 28,865 3,055 25,545 250
Other languagesFootnote 17 58,075 44,880 11,605 515
Multiple responses 99,970 51,095 21,995 26,260
English and French 29,175 1,985 2,300 24,620
English and non-official language 30,210 12,200 16,970 735
French and non-official language 39,890 36,840 2,650 365
English, French and non-official language 700 75 75 545
Algonquin - Various non-official languages spokenFootnote 18 2,685 915 1,535 170
Atikamekw 5,645 115 4,570 100
Blackfoot 4,915 4,870 10 15
Carrier 2,495 2,485 0 0
Chilcotin 1,400 1,350 20 15
Chipewyan 765 735 15 10
Cree 99,950 92,835 865 2,845
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) 6,495 6,380 35 15
Dene 11,130 10,615 20 30
Dogrib 2,640 2,520 0 10
Gitksan 1,570 1,565 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 580 555 0 0
Inuktitut, n.i.e. 35,695 28,415 1,245 1,360
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) 570 575 0 0
Malecite 785 765 20 0
Mi'kmaq 8,750 8,490 70 110
Mohawk 615 560 50 0
Montagnais-Naskapi 11,815 1,995 8,015 745
Nisga'a 1,090 1,085 0 0
North Slave (Hare) 1,235 1,180 0 10
Ojibway 32,460 31,565 170 40
Oji-Cree 12,600 11,715 10 0
Shuswap 1,650 1,620 25 0
South Slave 2,315 2,215 15 0
Tlingit 175 175 0 0
Italian 660,945 517,080 76,145 35,430
Portuguese 274,670 211,385 28,800 11,410
Romanian 89,180 51,285 12,095 21,810
Spanish 758,280 445,970 237,135 47,920
Danish 21,925 21,380 315 195
Dutch 152,735 146,830 3,110 1,955
Flemish 6,705 5,450 1,050 190
Frisian 3,280 3,225 0 15
German 622,650 570,035 29,125 11,255
Norwegian 10,590 10,105 360 125
Swedish 14,960 13,935 645 340
Yiddish 27,605 24,850 300 1,115
Bosnian 15,160 12,080 1,385 835
Bulgarian 18,575 12,385 2,170 3,250
Croatian 72,690 67,480 1,010 2,215
Czech 29,735 27,720 830 920
Macedonian 24,815 23,115 100 440
Polish 242,885 218,900 6,145 9,645
Russian 191,515 154,090 10,160 16,275
Serbian 62,780 54,790 1,230 3,370
Serbo-Croatian 14,470 10,820 1,790 1,195
Slovak 21,740 20,395 435 540
Slovenian 15,035 14,460 255 180
Ukrainian 174,160 165,500 1,720 3,640
Latvian 8,025 7,660 45 255
Lithuanian 9,320 8,765 225 185
Estonian 8,860 8,520 60 230
Finnish 23,375 22,805 155 140
Hungarian 84,280 77,385 2,190 3,020
Greek 157,385 132,845 5,770 10,745
Armenian 35,260 18,245 3,880 11,175
Turkish 36,935 26,880 4,020 3,240
Amharic 19,885 18,585 210 485
Arabic 365,085 199,980 107,120 42,675
Hebrew 67,390 57,845 5,515 3,175
Maltese 8,635 8,555 20 40
Somali 32,045 27,000 1,495 1,780
Tigrigna 8,430 7,710 120 205
Bengali 52,430 45,675 860 3,400
Gujarati 105,395 95,055 775 2,200
Hindi 299,605 279,605 1,185 5,630
Kurdish 9,185 7,210 705 425
Panjabi (Punjabi) 456,090 387,420 1,025 8,090
Pashto 11,680 9,645 165 535
Persian (Farsi) 154,385 127,900 5,260 9,505
Sindhi 14,015 13,170 120 245
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 19,830 19,125 55 295
Urdu 208,120 188,660 1,485 5,760
Malayalam 14,105 13,680 10 90
Tamil 138,675 122,940 1,185 4,595
Telugu 8,345 8,030 10 90
Japanese 71,700 65,265 2,455 1,020
Korean 133,800 116,355 650 3,125
Cantonese 434,720 344,505 2,405 7,975
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 19 472,085 368,135 10,760 16,205
Mandarin 281,840 231,775 2,420 6,305
Taiwanese 14,060 11,710 25 380
Lao 18,395 11,450 4,205 1,515
Khmer (Cambodian) 23,355 12,370 6,025 2,190
Vietnamese 184,050 130,020 16,115 13,555
Bisayan languages 11,285 11,020 55 90
Ilocano 14,125 13,645 50 130
Malay 19,410 18,550 285 125
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 324,120 318,120 495 2,290
Akan (Twi) 17,595 16,635 165 560
Swahili 27,795 19,810 6,195 1,250
Creoles 97,815 12,880 76,265 6,865
Other languagesFootnote 20 290,785 221,640 49,650 8,950
Total population by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 21 30,897,210 22,950,645 7,135,390 329,815
Non-movers 26,534,115 19,607,775 6,258,415 276,940
Movers 4,363,095 3,342,870 876,970 52,870
Non-migrants 2,554,260 1,975,725 504,710 30,645
Migrants 1,808,835 1,367,140 372,265 22,225
Internal migrants 1,511,305 1,144,285 341,630 12,015
Intraprovincial migrants 1,221,560 890,595 311,540 8,735
Interprovincial migrants 289,740 253,690 30,090 3,285
External migrants 297,525 222,855 30,625 10,210
Total population by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 22 29,544,480 21,937,510 6,863,745 321,830
Non-movers 17,457,165 12,801,365 4,273,780 162,580
Movers 12,087,310 9,136,145 2,589,965 159,245
Non-migrants 6,507,900 4,937,850 1,409,910 74,620
Migrants 5,579,415 4,198,300 1,180,055 84,620
Internal migrants 4,419,370 3,298,940 1,060,035 32,875
Intraprovincial migrants 3,566,790 2,550,880 967,900 24,820
Interprovincial migrants 852,580 748,055 92,130 8,045
External migrants 1,160,040 899,360 120,020 51,750
Total population by citizenshipFootnote 23 31,241,030 23,197,090 7,204,390 331,925
Canadian citizens 29,480,165 21,828,790 7,041,820 266,270
Canadian citizens under age 18 6,604,285 5,043,765 1,410,030 65,625
Canadian citizens age 18 and over 22,875,875 16,785,025 5,631,790 200,645
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 24 1,760,865 1,368,300 162,570 65,660
Total population by immigrant status and place of birthFootnote 25 31,241,030 23,197,095 7,204,390 331,925
Non-immigrantsFootnote 26 24,788,725 17,889,060 6,705,275 98,000
Born in province of residence 20,933,115 14,482,450 6,272,080 88,070
Born outside province of residence 3,855,605 3,406,615 433,190 9,925
ImmigrantsFootnote 27 6,186,955 5,095,220 473,085 225,895
United States of America 250,540 235,685 12,815 1,380
Central America 130,460 95,640 17,325 10,520
Caribbean and Bermuda 317,765 248,155 61,790 5,150
South America 250,710 198,235 28,085 14,715
Europe 2,278,345 1,940,240 167,955 85,650
Western Europe 424,640 322,365 94,240 6,315
Eastern Europe 511,095 429,455 22,235 41,585
Southern Europe 698,085 546,495 50,065 36,940
Italy 296,850 220,650 27,960 18,780
Other Southern Europe 401,230 325,845 22,110 18,160
Northern Europe 644,525 641,925 1,415 805
United Kingdom 579,625 578,060 1,000 400
Other Northern Europe 64,905 63,865 410 410
Africa 374,565 228,905 115,445 24,140
Western Africa 48,645 37,905 9,175 1,225
Eastern Africa 129,925 105,725 14,655 6,275
Northern Africa 134,505 42,720 74,240 15,250
Central Africa 22,405 3,810 17,265 1,170
Southern Africa 39,090 38,735 105 215
Asia and the Middle East 2,525,160 2,091,985 68,100 83,975
West Central Asia and the Middle East 370,515 280,955 33,320 36,200
Eastern Asia 874,365 686,270 11,930 18,550
China, People's Republic of 466,940 321,420 9,585 10,440
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 215,430 197,690 345 3,985
Other Eastern Asia 191,995 167,160 2,005 4,120
Southeast Asia 560,995 489,200 20,445 16,245
Philippines 303,195 298,360 410 1,740
Other Southeast Asia 257,805 190,840 20,035 14,510
Southern Asia 719,280 635,560 2,405 12,975
India 443,690 384,790 640 5,180
Other Southern Asia 275,595 250,770 1,765 7,790
Oceania and otherFootnote 28 59,405 56,375 1,570 370
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 29 265,355 212,815 26,025 8,035
Total recent immigrants by selected places of birthFootnote 30 1,109,985 835,965 118,105 54,705
United States of America 38,770 36,200 1,570 420
Central America 23,275 15,465 3,070 2,195
Caribbean and Bermuda 34,990 22,455 10,790 860
South America 61,335 38,940 11,045 6,035
Europe 178,525 120,950 29,245 18,805
Western Europe 32,425 12,120 18,705 1,055
Eastern Europe 92,565 61,850 8,490 15,975
Southern Europe 25,590 19,515 1,775 1,650
Italy 2,275 1,555 240 305
Other Southern Europe 23,315 17,960 1,535 1,345
Northern Europe 27,945 27,475 270 125
United Kingdom 25,660 25,355 185 60
Other Northern Europe 2,285 2,115 85 70
Africa 117,210 57,360 47,945 8,750
Western Africa 19,930 13,985 5,280 510
Eastern Africa 30,810 22,290 5,340 1,780
Northern Africa 48,845 13,125 28,455 5,790
Central Africa 10,830 1,340 8,840 540
Southern Africa 6,795 6,620 30 130
Asia and the Middle East 647,225 536,445 14,165 17,565
West Central Asia and the Middle East 106,870 83,510 6,790 7,355
Eastern Asia 215,285 163,040 5,305 5,545
China, People's Republic of 155,105 111,135 4,635 4,340
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 7,430 6,710 10 105
Other Eastern Asia 52,750 45,190 665 1,100
Southeast Asia 100,225 93,660 1,220 990
Philippines 77,880 76,595 160 410
Other Southeast Asia 22,345 17,065 1,060 580
Southern Asia 224,845 196,240 850 3,675
India 129,145 110,130 200 1,580
Other Southern Asia 95,705 86,110 655 2,100
Oceania and otherFootnote 31 8,655 8,150 280 80
Total immigrant population by period of immigrationFootnote 32 6,186,950 5,095,220 473,090 225,895
Before 1961 791,225 721,220 34,805 14,635
1961 to 1970 710,285 616,555 47,765 16,795
1971 to 1980 903,705 768,525 68,430 24,240
1981 to 1990 1,003,210 812,545 79,880 40,395
1991 to 2000 1,668,555 1,340,415 124,110 75,120
1991 to 1995 823,925 656,140 58,970 36,835
1996 to 2000 844,625 684,275 65,140 38,285
2001 to 2006Footnote 33 1,109,980 835,965 118,105 54,705
Total population 15 years and older by generation statusFootnote 34 25,664,225 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,335
1st generationFootnote 35 6,124,560 5,061,280 454,000 216,525
2nd generationFootnote 36 4,006,415 3,747,035 216,485 38,870
3rd generation or moreFootnote 37 15,533,240 10,135,290 5,369,490 18,940
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 38 31,241,030 23,197,095 7,204,390 331,925
Total Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 39 1,172,790 1,045,020 109,055 6,155
North American Indian single responseFootnote 40 698,025 638,790 47,320 4,165
Métis single response 389,780 334,285 54,885 470
Inuit single response 50,480 42,585 1,865 1,405
Multiple Aboriginal identity responses 7,740 6,565 1,125 35
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 41 26,765 22,795 3,865 80
Non-Aboriginal identity population 30,068,240 22,152,075 7,095,335 325,775
Total population by Registered Indian statusFootnote 42 31,241,030 23,197,095 7,204,390 331,930
Registered IndianFootnote 43 623,780 574,550 37,515 4,055
Not a Registered Indian 30,617,250 22,622,545 7,166,875 327,875
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 44 25,664,225 18,943,610 6,039,980 274,330
In the labour forceFootnote 45 17,146,135 12,904,515 3,939,235 183,255
EmployedFootnote 46 16,021,180 12,071,960 3,679,625 164,615
UnemployedFootnote 47 1,124,960 832,555 259,605 18,640
Not in the labour forceFootnote 48 8,518,090 6,039,090 2,100,750 91,075
Participation rateFootnote 49 66.8 68.1 65.2 66.8
Employment rateFootnote 50 62.4 63.7 60.9 60.0
Unemployment rateFootnote 51 6.6 6.5 6.6 10.2
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 52 17,146,135 12,904,515 3,939,230 183,255
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 53 284,950 199,680 72,385 7,215
All classes of workerFootnote 54 16,861,180 12,704,830 3,866,845 176,040
Paid workers 15,535,415 11,671,685 3,599,160 162,100
Employees 14,816,205 11,116,925 3,447,185 153,745
Self-employed (incorporated) 719,210 554,765 151,975 8,355
Without paid help 291,390 220,660 65,320 3,675
With paid help 427,820 334,110 86,660 4,680
Self-employed (unincorporated) 1,274,505 992,545 258,635 13,135
Without paid help 900,615 694,990 191,460 8,670
With paid help 373,885 297,560 67,170 4,470
Unpaid family workers 51,265 40,595 9,050 800
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 55 17,146,135 12,904,515 3,939,235 183,255
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 56 284,950 199,685 72,385 7,220
All occupationsFootnote 57 16,861,180 12,704,830 3,866,845 176,035
A Management occupations 1,631,730 1,275,585 333,525 16,500
A0 Senior management occupations 218,645 150,065 65,625 2,245
A1 Specialist managers 423,015 340,265 77,685 4,055
A2 Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services 475,970 371,975 95,100 6,095
A3 Other managers, n.e.c. 514,095 413,280 95,115 4,110
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 3,025,425 2,287,635 697,770 33,915
B0 Professional occupations in business and finance 427,605 325,490 96,205 5,375
B1 Finance and insurance administration occupations 201,830 170,935 28,765 1,800
B2 Secretaries 308,565 188,745 116,170 2,905
B3 Administrative and regulatory occupations 354,345 279,070 71,410 3,270
B4 Clerical supervisors 93,065 72,850 19,235 825
B5 Clerical occupations 1,640,020 1,250,545 365,990 19,740
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,108,045 847,655 238,480 20,250
C0 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences 603,075 468,730 120,415 13,120
C1 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences 504,970 378,925 118,070 7,135
D Health occupations 950,365 701,590 238,730 8,440
D0 Professional occupations in health 192,155 143,585 45,365 3,005
D1 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses 279,725 210,920 67,230 1,330
D2 Technical and related occupations in health 219,380 161,135 56,015 1,645
D3 Assisting occupations in support of health services 259,095 185,945 70,120 2,465
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 1,414,325 1,035,965 360,025 15,670
E0 Judges, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, ministers of religion, and policy and program officers 373,635 282,300 87,335 3,500
E1 Teachers and professors 667,990 491,090 168,110 8,170
E2 Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c. 372,700 262,575 104,580 4,000
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 502,195 377,265 118,425 5,170
F0 Professional occupations in art and culture 218,910 161,100 54,655 2,565
F1 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 283,285 216,170 63,765 2,610
G Sales and service occupations 4,037,725 3,044,125 907,890 46,310
G0 Sales and service supervisors 131,785 107,250 22,785 1,300
G1 Wholesale, technical, insurance, real estate sales specialists, and retail, wholesale and grain buyers 353,125 271,200 76,995 3,780
G2 Retail salespersons and sales clerks 729,840 558,140 159,800 9,180
G3 Cashiers 324,850 239,025 79,500 4,795
G4 Chefs and cooks 246,935 176,355 57,600 3,745
G5 Occupations in food and beverage service 268,705 197,955 65,425 3,130
G6 Occupations in protective services 277,175 200,345 74,140 2,230
G7 Occupations in travel and accommodation, including attendants in recreation and sport 143,590 113,870 27,340 2,110
G8 Child care and home support workers 259,670 210,245 45,305 1,580
G9 Sales and service occupations, n.e.c. 1,302,035 969,750 298,990 14,465
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,550,295 1,909,220 605,475 18,205
H0 Contractors and supervisors in trades and transportation 125,250 97,225 27,015 600
H1 Construction trades 436,450 332,330 97,295 2,670
H2 Stationary engineers, power station operators and electrical trades and telecommunications occupations 179,255 136,055 41,905 1,045
H3 Machinists, metal forming, shaping and erecting occupations 221,830 164,830 53,940 1,525
H4 Mechanics 377,030 272,775 100,500 2,535
H5 Other trades, n.e.c. 130,625 90,685 36,000 1,780
H6 Heavy equipment and crane operators, including drillers 116,360 87,365 28,440 290
H7 Transportation equipment operators and related workers, excluding labourers 561,365 418,890 134,475 5,410
H8 Trades helpers, construction and transportation labourers and related occupations 402,130 309,070 85,895 2,355
I Occupations unique to primary industry 648,315 523,315 113,905 2,035
I0 Occupations unique to agriculture, excluding labourers 360,635 290,350 63,400 1,060
I1 Occupations unique to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing, excluding labourers 130,790 101,080 28,885 325
I2 Primary production labourers 156,890 131,880 21,610 655
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 992,765 702,480 252,630 9,540
J0 Supervisors in manufacturing 76,725 50,545 25,115 745
J1 Machine operators in manufacturing 387,875 271,660 98,235 4,210
J2 Assemblers in manufacturing 261,520 202,745 51,015 2,630
J3 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities 266,645 177,530 78,270 1,965
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 58 17,146,135 12,904,515 3,939,235 183,255
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 59 284,950 199,680 72,385 7,215
All industriesFootnote 60 16,861,180 12,704,830 3,866,850 176,035
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 523,655 405,020 108,580 1,560
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 238,815 212,730 25,365 535
22 Utilities 132,950 98,240 33,920 660
23 Construction 1,069,095 831,310 223,365 6,165
31-33 Manufacturing 2,005,980 1,409,470 542,215 22,590
41 Wholesale trade 739,305 572,355 152,005 8,660
44-45 Retail trade 1,917,175 1,427,840 457,770 22,330
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 820,195 632,685 175,835 8,865
51 Information and cultural industries 417,325 318,930 92,305 5,105
52 Finance and insurance 689,210 532,090 147,475 8,725
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 303,515 246,400 52,310 3,630
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,122,445 881,720 221,565 16,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises 20,530 16,875 3,305 245
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 722,695 570,715 135,150 9,480
61 Educational services 1,150,535 860,130 276,350 12,225
62 Health care and social assistance 1,716,255 1,252,795 444,390 14,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 346,315 269,695 73,255 2,480
72 Accommodation and food services 1,126,695 865,795 226,210 15,945
81 Other services (except public administration) 819,885 612,975 192,510 7,820
91 Public administration 978,615 687,060 282,970 7,805
Total employed labour force 15 years and over by place of work statusFootnote 61 16,021,175 12,071,960 3,679,625 164,615
Usual place of work 13,069,895 9,736,050 3,117,645 138,500
In census subdivision of residence 7,814,510 5,941,275 1,736,745 85,525
In different census subdivision 5,255,385 3,794,770 1,380,895 52,975
In same census division 2,687,845 2,195,375 459,125 20,195
At home 1,230,355 967,825 243,580 10,195
Outside Canada 76,570 63,015 9,990 1,615
No fixed workplace address 1,644,360 1,305,070 308,420 14,305
Total employed labour force 15 years and over with usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportationFootnote 62 14,714,260 11,041,115 3,426,060 152,805
Car, truck, van, as driver 10,644,325 7,955,620 2,556,725 87,460
Car, truck, van, as passenger 1,133,150 907,520 196,785 10,390
Public transit 1,622,725 1,195,570 363,640 41,840
Walked 939,290 695,610 227,365 9,960
Bicycle 195,515 143,525 49,295 1,480
Motorcycle 20,085 14,910 5,010 100
Taxicab 32,240 25,620 6,100 385
Other method 126,925 102,740 21,145 1,190
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 63 18,418,100 13,900,420 4,190,905 195,295
Single responses 18,062,910 13,749,085 4,030,030 158,930
English 14,064,105 13,448,095 493,115 87,580
French 3,724,970 132,520 3,527,375 62,765
Non-official languages 273,830 168,470 9,540 8,590
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 64 51,055 26,090 480 575
Cantonese 39,240 21,690 40 165
Panjabi (Punjabi) 25,380 12,610 10 115
German 24,770 22,830 320 390
Mandarin 15,630 9,445 30 70
Portuguese 9,385 4,900 340 380
Spanish 14,775 6,615 1,830 1,210
Vietnamese 7,695 3,910 305 270
Korean 10,460 8,065 35 65
Italian 4,740 2,430 725 530
Other languagesFootnote 65 70,700 49,880 5,430 4,825
Multiple responses 355,195 151,335 160,870 36,365
English and French 252,295 68,980 153,000 30,050
English and non-official language 86,820 78,280 690 1,810
French and non-official language 5,055 530 3,575 705
English, French and non-official language 11,020 3,545 3,605 3,800
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used on a regular basis at workFootnote 66 18,418,100 13,900,420 4,190,900 195,290
None 15,997,300 12,899,235 2,890,715 105,570
Single responses 2,372,305 975,255 1,285,900 82,075
English 1,213,580 195,550 965,375 39,620
French 700,785 372,315 299,030 28,770
Non-official languages 457,930 407,390 21,495 13,680
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 67 50,110 46,320 370 885
Cantonese 31,370 28,745 85 430
Panjabi (Punjabi) 35,920 33,600 10 270
German 24,280 23,185 455 495
Mandarin 18,005 16,190 95 195
Portuguese 20,495 17,975 850 710
Spanish 43,955 31,885 8,330 2,690
Vietnamese 11,190 9,050 450 530
Korean 10,405 9,695 25 150
Italian 31,895 27,410 2,535 1,515
Other languagesFootnote 68 180,310 163,335 8,275 5,815
Multiple responses 48,495 25,930 14,290 7,650
English and French 2,285 650 470 1,105
English and non-official language 18,195 3,910 10,710 3,290
French and non-official language 27,835 21,300 3,070 3,185
English, French and non-official language 180 70 45 75
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent doing unpaid houseworkFootnote 69 25,664,225 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,330
No hours of unpaid housework 2,485,830 1,793,370 577,260 36,530
Less than 5 hours of unpaid housework 6,213,885 4,465,070 1,590,680 77,410
5 to 14 hours of unpaid housework 8,277,965 6,095,285 1,997,080 85,670
15 to 29 hours of unpaid housework 5,119,435 3,814,900 1,179,675 45,855
30 to 59 hours of unpaid housework 2,571,635 1,964,825 538,785 20,710
60 hours or more of unpaid housework 995,475 810,165 156,505 8,150
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent looking after children, without payFootnote 70 25,664,225 18,943,610 6,039,980 274,330
No hours of unpaid child care 16,038,570 11,854,275 3,769,265 165,915
Less than 5 hours of unpaid child care 2,445,290 1,696,255 676,615 29,405
5 to 14 hours of unpaid child care 2,429,580 1,759,875 595,070 31,185
15 to 29 hours of unpaid child care 1,722,965 1,257,035 415,440 20,540
30 to 59 hours of unpaid child care 1,318,650 984,365 299,355 14,045
60 hours or more of unpaid child care 1,709,170 1,391,800 284,240 13,245
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniorsFootnote 71 25,664,225 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,330
No hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 20,939,895 15,455,765 4,907,630 226,395
Less than 5 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 2,924,520 2,092,780 775,070 28,140
5 to 9 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 1,019,890 783,170 213,880 10,665
10 to 19 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 383,205 300,075 72,400 4,415
20 hours or more of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 396,715 311,820 71,010 4,715
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 72 25,664,220 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,330
No certificate, diploma or degree 6,098,330 4,223,970 1,559,035 55,110
Certificate, diploma or degree 19,565,895 14,719,635 4,480,945 219,225
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 73 6,553,425 5,087,695 1,333,540 54,465
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,785,420 1,798,000 952,020 22,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 74 4,435,140 3,388,530 991,215 37,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 75 1,136,150 825,170 283,835 15,705
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 76 4,655,770 3,620,235 920,330 88,930
Bachelor's degree 2,981,465 2,317,500 598,565 47,815
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 493,540 390,285 89,750 10,720
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 136,845 106,780 25,490 3,460
Master's degree 866,975 669,145 172,770 21,100
Earned doctorate 176,945 136,520 33,760 5,830
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 77 13,012,470 9,631,940 3,147,410 164,755
Education 994,660 715,535 265,215 7,390
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 481,190 351,455 120,425 6,135
Humanities 717,130 522,340 177,815 12,190
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,275,105 985,350 265,065 18,265
Business, management and public administration 2,801,720 2,043,725 711,080 34,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies 451,965 344,055 95,105 9,955
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 568,755 426,975 127,540 11,995
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 2,922,080 2,152,580 711,675 40,575
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 291,510 213,005 74,995 2,095
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 1,728,890 1,336,020 369,480 15,260
Personal, protective and transportation services 777,375 540,025 227,810 6,275
Other fields of studyFootnote 78 2,105 885 1,215 10
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualification by location of studyFootnote 79 13,012,475 9,631,935 3,147,410 164,755
Inside Canada 10,948,475 7,871,355 2,982,815 86,060
Newfoundland and Labrador 215,435 214,335 950 50
Prince Edward Island 50,755 48,385 2,325 45
Nova Scotia 400,260 384,910 14,785 415
New Brunswick 274,260 187,670 85,900 625
Quebec 3,054,910 406,815 2,585,195 61,580
Ontario 3,972,225 3,720,320 230,545 17,715
Manitoba 414,365 394,410 19,135 565
Saskatchewan 378,560 369,675 8,410 290
Alberta 1,029,270 1,006,170 20,635 1,790
British Columbia 1,144,600 1,125,505 14,405 2,925
Yukon Territory 4,510 4,175 300 35
Northwest Territories 6,050 5,835 190 10
Nunavut 3,260 3,155 30 15
Outside Canada 2,064,000 1,760,580 164,595 78,695
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 80 31,241,030 23,197,095 7,204,390 331,925
Total Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 81 1,678,235 1,376,705 281,155 7,510
North American Indian single ancestry 512,150 445,445 55,505 3,695
North American Indian and non-Aboriginal ancestries 693,360 534,980 156,255 1,660
Métis single ancestry 77,300 63,425 13,660 140
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 285,750 238,890 46,420 385
Inuit single ancestry 40,980 33,895 1,495 1,185
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 18,610 16,680 1,485 230
Other Aboriginal multiple ancestriesFootnote 82 50,090 43,400 6,340 205
Non-Aboriginal ancestry population 29,562,795 21,820,385 6,923,235 324,415
Total population by visible minority groups 31,241,030 23,197,095 7,204,390 331,925
Total visible minority populationFootnote 83 5,068,095 4,173,710 371,790 153,040
Chinese 1,216,565 982,645 24,630 28,200
South AsianFootnote 84 1,262,865 1,135,790 10,175 24,890
Black 783,795 603,420 161,160 12,595
Filipino 410,700 403,945 1,175 2,345
Latin American 304,250 200,215 55,235 26,860
Southeast AsianFootnote 85 239,935 174,245 28,895 15,635
Arab 265,550 151,805 75,175 27,490
West AsianFootnote 86 156,700 131,215 5,035 8,785
Korean 141,895 124,020 1,525 3,070
Japanese 81,305 77,270 1,140 550
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 87 71,425 67,895 1,875 600
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 88 133,120 121,240 5,775 2,020
Not a visible minorityFootnote 89 26,172,935 19,023,380 6,832,600 178,885
Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)Footnote 90 31,241,030 23,197,095 7,204,390 331,925
Total population - Single responsesFootnote 91 18,319,585 12,292,265 5,282,175 272,765
Total population - Multiple responsesFootnote 92 12,921,445 10,904,825 1,922,215 59,160
Canadian - Total responses 10,066,295 5,247,560 4,792,615 17,005
Canadian - Single responses 5,748,720 2,341,395 3,396,685 6,500
Canadian - Multiple responses 4,317,570 2,906,170 1,395,925 10,505
English - Total responses 6,570,015 6,422,225 138,480 6,750
English - Single responses 1,367,125 1,354,565 11,865 205
English - Multiple responses 5,202,890 5,067,665 126,615 6,545
French - Total responses 4,941,215 2,336,285 2,586,145 16,525
French - Single responses 1,230,535 164,715 1,063,660 1,805
French - Multiple responses 3,710,675 2,171,570 1,522,485 14,725
Scottish - Total responses 4,719,850 4,587,455 127,405 3,495
Scottish - Single responses 568,510 549,000 19,205 135
Scottish - Multiple responses 4,151,340 4,038,455 108,205 3,360
Irish - Total responses 4,354,155 4,020,310 327,620 4,870
Irish - Single responses 491,030 426,245 64,325 310
Irish - Multiple responses 3,863,125 3,594,065 263,300 4,560
German - Total responses 3,179,425 3,063,065 97,070 9,030
German - Single responses 670,645 646,440 14,950 3,055
German - Multiple responses 2,508,785 2,416,625 82,120 5,980
Italian - Total responses 1,445,330 1,218,000 159,870 34,475
Italian - Single responses 741,045 619,090 63,195 27,745
Italian - Multiple responses 704,285 598,910 96,675 6,730
Chinese - Total responses 1,346,515 1,100,820 30,255 30,445
Chinese - Single responses 1,135,365 908,550 20,805 27,015
Chinese - Multiple responses 211,145 192,270 9,455 3,425
North American Indian - Total responses 1,253,615 1,021,960 217,985 5,555
North American Indian - Single responses 512,150 445,445 55,505 3,700
North American Indian - Multiple responses 741,470 576,515 162,480 1,855
Ukrainian - Total responses 1,209,085 1,184,290 13,200 6,605
Ukrainian - Single responses 300,595 292,395 2,740 2,745
Ukrainian - Multiple responses 908,495 891,895 10,460 3,860
Dutch (Netherlands) - Total responses 1,035,965 1,018,545 13,695 2,215
Dutch (Netherlands) - Single responses 303,405 298,900 2,750 1,160
Dutch (Netherlands) - Multiple responses 732,560 719,645 10,940 1,060
Polish - Total responses 984,570 939,625 25,155 11,275
Polish - Single responses 269,375 247,715 6,835 7,890
Polish - Multiple responses 715,190 691,910 18,315 3,385
East Indian - Total responses 962,665 874,120 8,365 13,710
East Indian - Single responses 780,175 703,415 4,065 11,325
East Indian - Multiple responses 182,495 170,705 4,300 2,380
Russian - Total responses 500,600 471,000 11,600 10,320
Russian - Single responses 98,245 86,265 3,290 4,760
Russian - Multiple responses 402,355 384,740 8,315 5,555
Welsh - Total responses 440,960 438,280 2,360 240
Welsh - Single responses 27,110 27,020 90 0
Welsh - Multiple responses 413,855 411,265 2,275 235
Filipino - Total responses 436,190 429,015 1,415 2,455
Filipino - Single responses 321,395 316,175 640 1,810
Filipino - Multiple responses 114,800 112,845 775 645
Norwegian - Total responses 432,515 428,375 3,765 280
Norwegian - Single responses 44,785 44,030 715 40
Norwegian - Multiple responses 387,725 384,350 3,055 240
Portuguese - Total responses 410,850 342,110 35,825 10,165
Portuguese - Single responses 262,230 209,175 22,705 8,620
Portuguese - Multiple responses 148,620 132,935 13,120 1,550
Métis - Total responses 409,065 342,060 66,200 635
Métis - Single responses 77,295 63,425 13,660 140
Métis - Multiple responses 331,770 278,640 52,540 500
British Isles, n.i.e. - Total responsesFootnote 93 403,915 395,410 7,730 610
British Isles, n.i.e. - Single responsesFootnote 94 94,145 92,920 1,130 70
British Isles, n.i.e. - Multiple responsesFootnote 95 309,775 302,490 6,600 535
Swedish - Total responses 334,765 331,235 2,910 475
Swedish - Single responses 28,445 27,935 365 125
Swedish - Multiple responses 306,320 303,300 2,545 355
Total income in 2005 of population 15 years and overFootnote 96 25,664,225 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,330
Without income 1,241,060 910,765 281,315 23,560
With income 24,423,165 18,032,840 5,758,670 250,770
Under $1,000Footnote 97 963,270 753,805 167,475 14,850
$1,000 to $2,999 819,535 635,460 153,125 12,140
$3,000 to $4,999 792,565 606,005 158,970 11,360
$5,000 to $6,999 896,430 649,515 213,140 13,400
$7,000 to $9,999 1,514,745 1,052,660 407,640 19,950
$10,000 to $11,999 1,037,225 752,490 228,550 12,605
$12,000 to $14,999 1,581,205 1,086,840 401,570 18,325
$15,000 to $19,999 2,430,725 1,714,190 629,935 26,825
$20,000 to $24,999 1,935,755 1,393,670 489,835 21,485
$25,000 to $29,999 1,745,745 1,249,225 461,095 18,125
$30,000 to $34,999 1,716,180 1,237,945 450,535 15,675
$35,000 to $39,999 1,473,265 1,081,380 371,800 12,650
$40,000 to $44,999 1,255,420 927,100 313,400 10,090
$45,000 to $49,999 1,038,080 773,810 253,420 7,655
$50,000 to $59,999 1,587,765 1,204,355 368,105 10,875
$60,000 and over 3,635,260 2,914,390 690,080 24,765
Median income $Footnote 98 25,615 26,392 25,279 19,154
Average income $Footnote 99 35,498 36,969 32,539 27,513
Standard error of average income $Footnote 100 30 38 38 139
Total after-tax income in 2005 of population 15 years and overFootnote 101 25,664,225 18,943,605 6,039,980 274,330
Without after-tax income 1,245,610 914,815 281,545 23,630
With after-tax income 24,418,610 18,028,790 5,758,440 250,695
Under $1,000Footnote 102 982,725 769,690 170,730 15,010
$1,000 to $2,999 821,970 637,580 153,510 12,110
$3,000 to $4,999 796,910 609,365 159,840 11,415
$5,000 to $6,999 900,515 652,500 214,210 13,400
$7,000 to $9,999 1,543,920 1,076,385 412,445 20,260
$10,000 to $11,999 1,082,805 787,990 237,575 12,925
$12,000 to $14,999 1,707,935 1,182,185 430,025 19,715
$15,000 to $19,999 2,795,175 1,977,375 723,925 30,290
$20,000 to $24,999 2,331,585 1,667,355 607,125 24,870
$25,000 to $29,999 2,232,550 1,581,490 611,160 22,405
$30,000 to $34,999 1,997,635 1,455,315 514,220 17,140
$35,000 to $39,999 1,626,095 1,199,975 407,170 12,655
$40,000 to $44,999 1,267,310 952,270 302,120 9,075
$45,000 to $49,999 991,335 751,115 230,940 6,755
$50,000 and over 3,340,145 2,728,200 583,435 22,675
Median after-tax income $Footnote 103 23,307 23,900 23,090 18,351
Average after-tax income $Footnote 104 29,214 30,309 26,991 23,301
Standard error of average after-tax income $Footnote 105 20 25 25 95
Total population 15 years and over with employment incomeFootnote 106 18,201,265 13,723,900 4,165,960 185,520
Median employment income in 2005 $ 26,850 27,323 26,378 20,015
Average employment income in 2005 $ 36,301 37,521 33,153 28,719
Standard error of average employment income $ 34 42 45 166
Worked full year, full timeFootnote 107 9,275,765 7,021,975 2,126,270 83,535
Median employment income in 2005 $ 41,401 42,543 38,766 34,884
Average employment income in 2005 $ 51,221 53,182 45,568 42,804
Standard error of average employment income $ 52 66 64 283
Worked part year or part timeFootnote 108 7,766,080 5,824,440 1,789,445 89,055
Median employment income in 2005 $ 13,072 12,854 14,035 10,946
Average employment income in 2005 $ 22,398 22,656 22,017 18,282
Standard error of average employment income $ 41 52 57 180

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 2

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population, but also for the whole population in general. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide. Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

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Footnote 3

Age
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 16, 2006). This variable is derived from Date of birth.

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Footnote 4

The median age is an age 'x,' such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x.'

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Footnote 5

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person. The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single) - Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated) - Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married - Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced - Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed - Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

Since 1996, Aboriginal people married according to traditional customs were instructed to report themselves as legally married.

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In 2006, legally married same-sex couples are included in this category.

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Footnote 7

Common-law status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who live together as a couple but who are not legally married to each other. These persons can be of the opposite sex or of the same sex.

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Footnote 8

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 9

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 10

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 11

Knowledge of official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Data on knowledge of official languages
According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population, but also for the whole population in general. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide.

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Footnote 12

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 13

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 14

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 15

Refers to the language spoken on a regular basis at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on language spoken most often at home are also collected.

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Footnote 16

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 17

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 18

Knowledge of non-official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation.

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Footnote 19

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 20

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 21

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 22

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 23

Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 24

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries'. The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 25

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 26

Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

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Footnote 27

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 28

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 30

In this product, recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2001 and Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 31

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 32

Period of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to ranges of years based on the year of immigration question. Year of immigration refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

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Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 33

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 34

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 35

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 36

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 37

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 38

Aboriginal identity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
In 1991 and previous censuses, the Aboriginal population was defined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's perception of his/her Aboriginal identity.
The question used in the 2006 and 2001 censuses is the same as the one used in 1996.
This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Footnote 39

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

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Footnote 40

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 41

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

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Footnote 42

Registered or Treaty Indian
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty. Although there was a question in the 1991 Census on registration status, the layout of the 1996 question was somewhat different. In 1991, Question 16 on Registered Indians had two components. In the first part of the question, respondents were asked about their registration status, while the second part of the question dealt with band membership. The question used in 1996 asked only for registration or treaty status, while band membership was dealt with in a separate question.
The wording of the question, starting in 1996, differs slightly from the one in previous censuses. Prior to 1996, the term 'treaty' was not included in the question. It was added in 1996 at the request of individuals from the Western provinces, where the term is more widely used.
The 2006 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996 and 2001.

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Footnote 43

Registered or Treaty Indian: The expression 'Registered Indian' refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty.

The Registered Indian counts in this table may differ from the administrative counts maintained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, with the most important causes of these differences being the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements as well as methodological and conceptual differences between the two sources.

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Footnote 44

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

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Footnote 45

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 46

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006): (a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice; (b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

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Footnote 47

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either: (a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or (b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or (c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

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Footnote 48

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

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Footnote 49

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

Participation rate = Labour force divided by Population 15 years of age and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 50

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

Employment rate = Employed divided by Population 15 years and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 51

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unemployment rate = Unemployed divided by Labour force X 100

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 52

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
a. persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
b. persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
c. persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.

The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 54

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 55

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue no. 12-583-XIE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 56

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 57

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 58

Industry (based on the North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] 2002)
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the NAICS 2002) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2002. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 59

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 60

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 61

Place of work status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of people aged 15 or over who worked at some point between January 1, 2005 and May 16, 2006 (Census Day), according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 62

Mode of transportation
Part A - Plain language definition
Main means a person uses to travel between home and place of work (by car, on foot, on public transit, or by some other means).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the mode of transportation to work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they usually use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual's job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 63

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 64

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 65

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 66

Refers to the language used at work on a regular basis by the individual at the time of the census. Data on language used most often at work are also collected.

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Footnote 67

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 68

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 69

Hours spent doing unpaid housework
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent doing housework, maintaining the house or doing yard work without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent preparing meals, mowing the lawn, or cleaning the house, for oneself or for relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent doing unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). It includes hours spent doing unpaid housework for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.

Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 70

Hours spent looking after children, without pay
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent looking after children without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent taking care of one's own children or looking after the children of relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (none, less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent looking after children without pay. It includes hours spent providing unpaid child care for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 71

Hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent providing care or assistance to elderly people without getting paid for doing so. This includes time spent giving personal care to an elderly relative, helping elderly neighbours with their shopping, and so on. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 9 hours, 10 to 19 hours, and 20 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one's own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 72

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 73

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 74

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 75

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 76

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 77

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Footnote 78

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.

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Footnote 79

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma, or degree above high school level was completed.

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Footnote 80

Aboriginal ancestry
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors.
'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 81

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary. 'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

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Footnote 82

Includes those who reported multiple Aboriginal ancestries or multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries to the ethnic origin question.

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Footnote 83

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 84

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 87

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Kurd,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 88

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 89

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 90

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 91

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 92

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 93

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 94

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 95

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 96

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 97

Including loss.

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Footnote 98

For persons with income.

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Footnote 99

For persons with income.

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Footnote 100

For persons with income.

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Footnote 101

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 102

Including loss.

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Footnote 103

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 104

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 105

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 106

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Average employment income of individuals - Average employment income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median employment income of individuals - The median employment income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average employment income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average employment income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings or any other source of income and after-tax income of persons 15 years of age and over not in families and households.

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Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Includes persons who did not work in 2005 but reported employment income.

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Footnote 107

Worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 108

Worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006060.

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