2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Aboriginal Identity (8), Age Groups (8), Area of Residence (6), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (233), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006002
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Aboriginal peoples
Data dimensions :

Note


Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (233)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Note: Major field of study - Classification of instructional programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000

For the first time with the 2006 Census, major field of study data were coded with the Classification of Instructional Programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000.

Prior to the 2006 Census, the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) was used to classify major field of study. We recommend users not make historical comparisons between the two classification systems. Even though some entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison would be inappropriate given the much more detailed character of the new classification.

A theoretical concordance table between the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) and the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) showing the definitional relationship between the two classifications was developed. This table is available in the 2006 Census Dictionary (Appendix N). This type of concordance allows users to see the relationship between the two classes of systems based on the definitional aspects of each system. However, users are cautioned that this type of concordance can not be used to convert counts from one classification system to another.

Note: Mobility status (1 year ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (1 year ago)' universe includes persons 1 year of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status (5 years ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (5 years ago)' universe includes persons 5 years of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details aboriginal identity , age groups , area of residence , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in CanadaFootnote 2
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (233) Aboriginal identity (8)
Total - Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 3 Total Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 4 North American Indian single responseFootnote 5 Métis single response Inuit single response Multiple Aboriginal identity responses Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 6 Non-Aboriginal identity population
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 7 25,664,225 823,890 473,235 291,330 32,775 5,590 20,960 24,840,335
Never legally married (single) 8,963,165 440,570 270,475 137,605 20,700 2,840 8,945 8,522,590
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 8 12,415,715 254,930 130,535 105,745 9,175 1,690 7,780 12,160,790
Separated, but still legally married 766,040 35,480 20,960 12,525 715 280 1,000 730,560
Divorced 2,067,205 62,410 32,615 26,075 980 595 2,150 2,004,795
Widowed 1,452,110 30,500 18,650 9,380 1,205 180 1,085 1,421,600
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 9 31,074,400 1,169,435 696,310 388,465 50,345 7,725 26,585 29,904,970
Number of family persons 26,113,390 995,670 593,550 327,985 45,335 6,480 22,305 25,117,720
Husbands or wives 12,211,825 250,615 127,710 104,595 8,990 1,685 7,640 11,961,205
Common-law partners 2,753,740 142,160 88,825 42,305 6,880 915 3,235 2,611,580
Lone parents 1,414,065 96,210 63,625 25,820 3,795 555 2,415 1,317,855
Children in census families 9,733,770 506,685 313,400 155,270 25,670 3,330 9,020 9,227,085
Number of persons not in census families 4,961,015 173,765 102,760 60,480 5,005 1,240 4,280 4,787,245
Living with relatives 644,015 46,440 32,880 10,675 1,865 235 790 597,570
Living with non-relatives only 989,955 39,860 21,680 15,970 1,030 290 890 950,085
Living alone 3,327,050 87,460 48,200 33,840 2,110 720 2,600 3,239,585
Total population 1 year and overFootnote 10 30,897,210 1,150,510 683,235 383,865 49,355 7,610 26,455 29,746,700
Lived at the same address 1 year ago 26,534,115 926,955 553,285 304,200 42,130 5,965 21,370 25,607,160
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 2,554,260 135,655 77,440 49,705 4,695 880 2,925 2,418,605
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 1,221,560 68,805 42,670 22,160 1,655 620 1,700 1,152,755
Lived in a different province or territory 1 year ago 289,745 17,540 8,895 7,230 860 135 415 272,205
Lived in a different country 1 year ago 297,530 1,560 940 565 10 0 45 295,970
Total population 5 years and overFootnote 11 29,544,485 1,063,780 626,250 360,705 44,595 7,050 25,180 28,480,700
Lived at the same address 5 years ago 17,457,165 585,840 357,910 182,465 27,440 3,610 14,415 16,871,325
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 6,507,905 274,485 152,990 102,330 11,320 1,650 6,200 6,233,420
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 3,566,790 152,955 89,830 54,875 3,725 1,315 3,210 3,413,835
Lived in a different province or territory 5 years ago 852,580 46,500 22,920 19,820 2,025 445 1,285 806,080
Lived in a different country 5 years ago 1,160,040 4,000 2,595 1,215 85 30 70 1,156,040
Total - Registered Indian statusFootnote 12 31,241,030 1,172,790 698,025 389,785 50,480 7,740 26,760 30,068,240
Registered IndianFootnote 13 623,785 623,780 564,870 34,280 1,365 2,445 20,820 0
Not a Registered Indian 30,617,245 549,010 133,150 355,500 49,115 5,290 5,945 30,068,240
Total - Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 14 31,241,030 1,172,790 698,025 389,785 50,480 7,740 26,765 30,068,240
Total - Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 15 1,678,235 1,049,770 647,020 330,730 49,635 7,080 15,300 628,465
Aboriginal ancestry single responses 630,420 570,500 443,785 80,345 38,855 905 6,605 59,925
Aboriginal ancestry multiple responses 1,047,810 479,270 203,235 250,390 10,780 6,180 8,695 568,540
Total - North American Indian ancestryFootnote 16 1,253,615 768,795 641,540 105,745 1,400 5,445 14,655 484,825
North American Indian ancestry single responses 512,150 463,220 441,490 14,595 125 570 6,440 48,935
North American Indian ancestry multiple responses 741,465 305,575 200,050 91,150 1,270 4,880 8,215 435,890
Total - Métis ancestryFootnote 17 409,070 267,910 15,305 247,560 380 3,905 760 141,155
Métis ancestry single responses 77,295 68,060 2,005 65,590 10 305 150 9,240
Métis ancestry multiple responses 331,775 199,850 13,305 181,970 370 3,600 610 131,915
Total - Inuit ancestryFootnote 18 65,885 54,215 1,700 2,120 49,435 860 100 11,675
Inuit ancestry single responses 40,975 39,220 290 160 38,720 35 20 1,760
Inuit ancestry multiple responses 24,910 14,995 1,410 1,960 10,710 820 85 9,915
Total - Non-Aboriginal ancestry population 29,562,795 123,020 51,005 59,050 845 660 11,465 29,439,775
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 19 31,241,030 1,172,790 698,025 389,780 50,480 7,735 26,765 30,068,240
Total single responses 30,848,270 1,155,800 686,375 385,660 49,880 7,485 26,390 29,692,475
English 17,882,780 851,500 486,885 320,110 16,940 6,165 21,400 17,031,275
French 6,817,655 96,745 34,505 56,415 820 1,100 3,905 6,720,910
Aboriginal languages 210,080 207,210 164,765 9,040 32,110 205 1,085 2,870
Other single responses 5,937,760 345 220 95 10 10 0 5,937,420
Total multiple responses 392,760 16,990 11,645 4,115 600 255 370 375,770
English and Aboriginal language 11,035 10,915 9,240 915 485 75 200 120
French and Aboriginal language 860 815 575 170 60 0 0 40
English, French and Aboriginal language 240 215 120 70 10 10 0 25
Other multiple responses 380,630 5,045 1,710 2,955 50 165 165 375,580
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 20 31,241,030 1,172,790 698,025 389,780 50,480 7,740 26,765 30,068,245
Total single responses 30,665,025 1,158,710 687,605 387,270 49,865 7,605 26,370 29,506,320
English 20,584,770 954,115 555,615 345,610 23,665 6,605 22,615 19,630,655
French 6,608,125 75,720 32,570 37,935 975 935 3,305 6,532,405
Aboriginal languages 129,340 127,925 98,850 3,420 25,185 40 425 1,415
Other single responses 3,342,790 950 570 305 40 15 20 3,341,840
Total multiple responses 576,005 14,080 10,415 2,515 615 140 395 561,920
English and Aboriginal language 9,680 9,550 8,195 510 555 65 230 130
French and Aboriginal language 695 670 600 15 35 10 15 25
English, French and Aboriginal language 80 75 55 15 0 0 0 0
Other multiple responses 565,550 3,785 1,560 1,980 20 75 150 561,760
Total population by knowledge of Aboriginal languagesFootnote 21 31,241,030 1,172,785 698,025 389,780 50,480 7,740 26,760 30,068,245
Total single responses 20,015,415 820,695 466,985 307,315 18,955 6,200 21,240 19,194,720
English 15,697,475 772,290 442,695 290,560 13,890 5,665 19,480 14,925,180
French 3,851,775 35,570 16,365 16,555 400 525 1,720 3,816,205
Aboriginal languages 12,725 12,525 7,740 110 4,640 0 30 210
Other single responses 453,435 310 185 90 20 0 10 453,130
Total multiple responses 11,225,615 352,095 231,040 82,465 31,525 1,540 5,520 10,873,520
English and Aboriginal language 217,300 213,745 171,815 12,160 27,715 405 1,650 3,550
French and Aboriginal language 14,515 14,135 13,000 135 930 10 65 380
English, French and Aboriginal language 11,825 10,715 7,600 1,115 1,855 50 100 1,110
Other multiple responses 10,981,980 113,495 38,625 69,050 1,025 1,080 3,715 10,868,480
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 22 25,664,225 823,890 473,235 291,330 32,775 5,590 20,960 24,840,330
In the labour force 17,146,135 519,250 278,460 204,165 20,100 3,595 12,935 16,626,885
Employed 16,021,175 442,395 228,280 183,785 16,020 3,290 11,020 15,578,780
Unemployed 1,124,955 76,855 50,175 20,380 4,080 310 1,915 1,048,100
Not in the labour force 8,518,090 304,640 194,780 87,165 12,675 1,990 8,025 8,213,450
Participation rate 66.8 63.0 58.8 70.1 61.3 64.3 61.7 66.9
Employment rate 62.4 53.7 48.2 63.1 48.9 58.9 52.6 62.7
Unemployment rate 6.6 14.8 18.0 10.0 20.3 8.6 14.8 6.3
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 23 17,146,135 519,250 278,455 204,165 20,100 3,595 12,935 16,626,885
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 24 284,950 21,970 16,155 4,270 945 85 515 262,980
All classes of workerFootnote 25 16,861,185 497,285 262,295 199,895 19,160 3,515 12,420 16,363,900
Wage earners 14,816,205 462,340 246,730 182,450 18,520 3,140 11,495 14,353,860
Self-employedFootnote 26 1,993,715 34,045 15,245 16,905 630 350 915 1,959,665
Unpaid family workers 51,265 900 325 540 10 20 0 50,370
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 27 17,146,135 519,250 278,460 204,165 20,100 3,595 12,935 16,626,880
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 28 284,950 21,970 16,155 4,270 945 85 515 262,985
All industriesFootnote 29 16,861,185 497,280 262,295 199,890 19,160 3,515 12,420 16,363,900
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 523,650 20,155 11,975 7,240 310 120 510 503,500
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 238,810 14,900 5,910 7,865 705 115 295 223,915
22 Utilities 132,950 4,650 2,225 1,925 355 45 95 128,295
23 Construction 1,069,095 43,880 22,635 18,810 1,115 345 980 1,025,215
31-33 Manufacturing 2,005,980 39,770 19,610 18,025 500 285 1,345 1,966,210
41 Wholesale trade 739,305 11,995 5,025 6,265 240 140 320 727,310
44-45 Retail trade 1,917,175 51,470 24,465 22,675 2,355 410 1,560 1,865,705
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 820,195 24,200 11,370 10,890 1,090 260 595 796,000
51 Information and cultural industries 417,325 7,145 3,295 3,250 305 75 215 410,185
52 Finance and insurance 689,210 8,380 3,270 4,635 150 45 280 680,830
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 303,510 6,590 2,920 2,975 490 35 165 296,925
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,122,450 14,040 6,545 6,635 305 100 460 1,108,405
55 Management of companies and enterprises 20,530 330 170 130 20 0 10 20,200
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 722,695 24,190 13,985 8,780 670 210 540 698,510
61 Educational services 1,150,535 32,950 18,960 11,140 1,855 185 810 1,117,580
62 Health care and social assistance 1,716,255 58,160 32,790 21,120 2,455 320 1,475 1,658,095
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 346,315 12,530 7,380 4,370 440 85 250 333,785
72 Accommodation and food services 1,126,700 41,315 21,250 17,695 1,085 290 995 1,085,385
81 Other services (except public administration) 819,880 22,830 10,680 10,610 730 235 575 797,055
91 Public administration 978,615 57,815 37,835 14,850 3,975 215 935 920,800
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 30 17,146,135 519,250 278,455 204,160 20,105 3,600 12,940 16,626,885
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 31 284,950 21,965 16,160 4,270 940 80 515 262,980
All occupationsFootnote 32 16,861,180 497,280 262,300 199,890 19,160 3,510 12,420 16,363,900
A Management occupations 1,631,730 31,970 16,685 12,980 1,205 225 875 1,599,760
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 3,025,430 71,980 35,880 30,690 2,870 405 2,135 2,953,445
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,108,045 16,405 7,545 7,800 580 120 360 1,091,640
D Health occupations 950,360 20,085 9,280 9,635 400 115 655 930,280
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 1,414,320 47,790 29,285 14,670 2,505 335 995 1,366,535
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 502,195 11,010 5,950 3,775 940 95 255 491,185
G Sales and service occupations 4,037,725 141,870 75,830 55,615 6,080 1,020 3,330 3,895,855
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,550,300 100,050 50,690 42,550 3,655 820 2,330 2,450,250
I Occupations unique to primary industry 648,310 30,340 17,380 11,525 565 140 730 617,970
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 992,765 25,780 13,765 10,645 365 245 770 966,980
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 33 25,664,225 823,890 473,235 291,330 32,775 5,590 20,960 24,840,335
No certificate, diploma or degree 6,098,325 359,780 228,985 100,770 19,890 2,010 8,125 5,738,550
Certificate, diploma or degree 19,565,895 464,110 244,250 190,560 12,890 3,580 12,835 19,101,785
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 34 6,553,425 179,590 94,380 74,575 4,435 1,435 4,760 6,373,835
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,785,420 93,885 49,240 38,220 3,130 750 2,535 2,691,535
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 35 4,435,135 119,675 62,340 49,215 3,935 840 3,355 4,315,455
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 36 1,136,145 22,950 13,685 8,030 505 170 555 1,113,200
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 37 4,655,770 48,015 24,605 20,515 875 390 1,630 4,607,750
Bachelor's degree 2,981,465 34,255 17,630 14,590 655 260 1,120 2,947,210
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 493,540 5,735 3,160 2,240 85 40 210 487,800
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 136,845 650 240 355 25 0 20 136,195
Master's degree 866,975 6,160 2,955 2,845 75 85 210 860,820
Earned doctorate 176,945 1,220 620 475 40 10 70 175,725
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 38 13,012,475 284,525 149,870 115,985 8,450 2,150 8,075 12,727,950
Education 994,660 20,100 11,410 7,170 710 130 670 974,565
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 481,190 7,650 3,900 3,115 280 95 260 473,540
Humanities 717,125 10,505 6,075 3,665 305 95 370 706,625
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,275,105 26,090 15,330 9,105 860 135 655 1,249,010
Business, management and public administration 2,801,725 60,065 32,175 23,815 1,735 490 1,845 2,741,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies 451,960 3,515 1,330 1,890 150 35 110 448,450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 568,755 9,380 4,755 3,985 290 80 265 559,375
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 2,922,085 66,130 32,235 29,815 2,010 475 1,595 2,855,950
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 291,510 8,385 4,880 3,000 240 55 210 283,125
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 1,728,890 40,865 20,445 18,095 725 350 1,250 1,688,025
Personal, protective and transportation services 777,370 31,810 17,300 12,310 1,135 220 845 745,565
Other fields of studyFootnote 39 2,100 45 40 0 0 0 0 2,055
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 40 25,664,225 823,890 473,235 291,330 32,775 5,590 20,960 24,840,335
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 41 8,622,380 326,165 215,460 88,210 11,785 2,115 8,600 8,296,210
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 42 9,275,765 227,815 114,205 97,930 8,560 1,530 5,590 9,047,955
Average employment income $ 51,221 39,942 37,356 42,373 45,514 39,958 41,638 51,505
Median employment income $ 41,401 34,940 32,533 37,273 40,829 37,338 36,829 41,592
Standard error of average employment income $ 52 89 97 197 165 1,303 1,092 54
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 43 7,766,075 269,905 143,575 105,185 12,425 1,945 6,775 7,496,165
Average employment income $ 22,398 16,745 15,429 18,496 15,836 18,445 18,627 22,601
Median employment income $ 13,072 10,376 9,849 11,440 9,625 11,683 12,854 13,190
Standard error of average employment income $ 41 53 49 156 82 1,004 425 44
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 44 25,664,220 823,890 473,235 291,330 32,775 5,590 20,960 24,840,330
Without employment income 7,462,960 285,600 189,555 76,520 10,190 1,765 7,580 7,177,360
With employment incomeFootnote 45 18,201,265 538,290 283,680 214,815 22,585 3,830 13,380 17,662,970
Under $5,000Footnote 46 2,696,200 108,935 62,935 37,545 5,370 795 2,300 2,587,265
$ 5,000 to $ 9,999 1,827,850 67,985 38,020 25,195 2,715 450 1,610 1,759,865
$10,000 to $19,999 2,862,810 100,840 54,710 38,815 3,965 830 2,520 2,761,970
$20,000 to $29,999 2,440,735 76,985 41,445 30,320 2,730 445 2,040 2,363,755
$30,000 to $39,999 2,265,075 60,540 31,280 25,285 2,065 305 1,605 2,204,535
$40,000 to $49,999 1,770,725 41,790 20,185 18,455 1,575 410 1,165 1,728,935
$50,000 to $59,999 1,272,415 28,630 13,175 13,185 1,260 205 800 1,243,780
$60,000 to $74,999 1,320,495 27,775 12,045 13,315 1,415 215 770 1,292,720
$75,000 and over 1,744,970 24,820 9,885 12,695 1,490 170 580 1,720,150
Average employment income $Footnote 47 36,301 25,961 23,652 28,861 26,486 26,227 27,413 36,616
Median employment income $Footnote 48 26,850 18,962 17,007 21,498 17,268 17,715 20,834 27,097
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 49 34 50 51 128 89 821 537 35
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 88.9 81.9 78.2 86.2 82.3 83.7 80.4 89.1
Employment income % 76.2 76.9 74.0 80.3 79.6 75.9 72.8 76.2
Wages and salaries % 70.7 74.4 72.0 77.2 77.5 72.8 69.6 70.7
Self-employment income % 5.5 2.5 2.0 3.1 2.0 3.1 3.2 5.5
Investment income % 4.3 1.1 0.7 1.5 0.3 1.9 1.5 4.4
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 6.6 2.5 2.1 2.9 0.9 3.6 4.8 6.7
Other money income % 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.4 1.3 1.8
Government transfer payments % 11.1 18.1 21.8 13.8 17.7 16.3 19.6 10.9
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 3.0 2.6 3.2 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 3.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 3.4 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.5 3.1 3.3 3.4
Child benefits % 1.3 4.4 6.2 2.3 5.9 2.4 3.5 1.2
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.4 3.7 1.4
Other income from government sources % 2.0 6.3 7.8 4.7 5.4 5.7 5.7 1.9
Income taxes paid % 17.7 11.7 9.0 14.5 13.5 12.9 13.0 17.8
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 51 25,664,225 823,890 473,240 291,330 32,775 5,590 20,960 24,840,335
Without wages and salaries 8,905,805 306,945 198,405 87,655 10,760 1,925 8,205 8,598,855
With wages and salaries 16,758,420 516,940 274,825 203,675 22,015 3,665 12,755 16,241,480
Under $5,000 2,376,085 103,495 60,680 34,685 5,200 760 2,170 2,272,590
$ 5,000 to $ 9,999 1,626,855 64,830 36,660 23,610 2,630 410 1,530 1,562,025
$10,000 to $19,999 2,548,365 96,165 52,900 36,320 3,835 795 2,320 2,452,200
$20,000 to $29,999 2,249,190 73,900 40,115 28,690 2,680 435 1,980 2,175,290
$30,000 to $39,999 2,148,345 58,485 30,435 24,210 2,025 280 1,535 2,089,860
$40,000 to $49,999 1,702,955 40,945 19,805 18,025 1,560 405 1,150 1,662,010
$50,000 to $59,999 1,224,065 27,995 12,830 12,930 1,245 210 770 1,196,075
$60,000 and over 2,882,555 51,125 21,400 25,210 2,850 375 1,295 2,831,430
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 52 36,602 26,154 23,760 29,265 26,471 26,261 27,485 36,935
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 53 27,994 19,213 17,146 22,047 17,664 17,767 21,311 28,320
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 54 35 50 50 130 84 828 543 36
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 55 25,664,225 823,890 473,235 291,330 32,775 5,590 20,960 24,840,330
Without income 1,241,060 62,975 40,110 17,850 3,255 475 1,295 1,178,090
With income 24,423,165 760,910 433,130 273,485 29,520 5,115 19,665 23,662,250
Under $5,000Footnote 56 2,575,370 140,960 95,665 36,090 5,690 775 2,740 2,434,400
$ 5,000 to $ 9,999 2,411,175 101,800 61,550 33,200 3,920 680 2,445 2,309,370
$10,000 to $19,999 5,049,145 185,745 110,095 62,570 6,760 1,260 5,055 4,863,400
$20,000 to $29,999 3,681,500 110,440 60,320 42,210 3,895 780 3,240 3,571,055
$30,000 to $39,999 3,189,445 80,470 41,720 33,310 2,795 435 2,210 3,108,975
$40,000 to $49,999 2,293,505 50,295 24,230 22,325 1,880 435 1,425 2,243,210
$50,000 to $79,999 3,507,900 69,325 30,975 32,485 3,250 590 2,030 3,438,580
$80,000 and over 1,715,125 21,870 8,575 11,295 1,325 150 520 1,693,255
Average income $Footnote 57 35,498 23,888 20,940 28,226 25,461 25,880 25,624 35,872
Median income $Footnote 58 25,615 16,752 14,477 20,935 16,969 18,267 18,953 25,955
Standard error of average income $Footnote 59 30 36 34 106 73 661 379 31
Total - Persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 60 30,628,935 811,265 387,990 380,795 11,610 7,385 23,480 29,817,670
Total - Persons in economic familiesFootnote 61 26,358,390 707,750 338,920 332,020 10,140 6,390 20,280 25,650,640
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 3,144,530 177,180 109,370 59,660 1,865 1,455 4,830 2,967,350
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.9 25.0 32.3 18.0 18.4 22.8 23.8 11.6
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 2,274,755 132,045 83,530 42,610 1,390 1,010 3,500 2,142,710
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.6 18.7 24.6 12.8 13.8 15.7 17.3 8.4
Total - Persons 15 years and over not in economic families 4,270,545 103,515 49,070 48,775 1,470 995 3,200 4,167,035
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 1,556,490 52,000 27,335 21,850 800 545 1,470 1,504,490
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 36.4 50.2 55.7 44.8 54.4 54.8 45.9 36.1
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 1,209,870 44,280 23,790 18,220 685 460 1,125 1,165,595
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 28.3 42.8 48.5 37.4 46.3 46.2 35.2 28.0

Footnotes

Footnote 1

'Area of residence' refers to the following geographic areas: on reserve, urban census metropolitan area, urban non-census metropolitan area and rural area. These geographic areas can be used to show where the Aboriginal population is residing.

'On reserve' includes eight census subdivision (CSD) types legally affiliated with First Nations or Indian bands, i.e., Indian reserve (IRI), Indian settlement (S-E), Indian government district (IGD), terres réservées aux Cris (TC), terres réservées aux Naskapis (TK), Nisga'a village (NVL), Nisga'a land (NL) and Teslin land (TL), as well as 35 additional CSDs of various other types that are generally northern communities in Saskatchewan, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory, which have large concentrations of Registered Indians.

An urban area has a minimum population concentration of 1,000 persons and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometre, based on the current census population count. All territory outside urban areas is classified as rural. On-reserve CSDs are excluded from this category.

A census metropolitan area (CMA) is a large urban area and has a population of at least 100,000.

Urban non-census metropolitan areas are smaller urban areas with a population of less than 100,000.

Rural areas include remote and wilderness areas and agricultural lands, as well as small towns, villages and other populated places with a population of less than 1,000. On-reserve CSDs are excluded from this category.

Additional information on the geographic units can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Footnote 4

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

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Footnote 5

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 6

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

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Footnote 7

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 8

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 9

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition:
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 10

Mobility 1: Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did one year before (May 16, 2005). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

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Footnote 11

Mobility 5: Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did five years before (May 16, 2001). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

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Footnote 12

Registered or Treaty Indian
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty. Although there was a question in the 1991 Census on registration status, the layout of the 1996 question was somewhat different. In 1991, Question 16 on Registered Indians had two components. In the first part of the question, respondents were asked about their registration status, while the second part of the question dealt with band membership. The question used in 1996 asked only for registration or treaty status, while band membership was dealt with in a separate question.

The wording of the question, starting in 1996, differs slightly from the one in previous censuses. Prior to 1996, the term 'treaty' was not included in the question. It was added in 1996 at the request of individuals from the Western provinces, where the term is more widely used.

The 2006 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996 and 2001.

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Footnote 13

Registered or Treaty Indian: The expression 'Registered Indian' refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty.

The Registered Indian counts in this table may differ from the administrative counts maintained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, with the most important causes of these differences being the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements as well as methodological and conceptual differences between the two sources.

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Footnote 14

Aboriginal ancestry
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors.
'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 15

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional Information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

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Footnote 16

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the North American Indian ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

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Footnote 17

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Métis ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

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Footnote 18

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Inuit ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Inuit' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Inuit.

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Footnote 19

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 20

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 21

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language.

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Footnote 22

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 24

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 25

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 26

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 27

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 28

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 29

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 30

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 31

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 32

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 33

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 37

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 38

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 39

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 40

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 41

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 42

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 43

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 44

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 45

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 46

Including loss.

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Footnote 47

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 48

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 49

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 50

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 51

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 52

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 53

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 54

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 55

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 56

Including loss.

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Footnote 57

For persons with income.

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Footnote 58

For persons with income.

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Footnote 59

For persons with income.

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Footnote 60

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 61

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006002.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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