2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (830), Mother Tongue (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

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General information

Catalogue number :	97-555-XCB2006058
Release date :	January 22, 2009
Topic :	Language
Data dimensions :	Geography (Geographic Index) Age groups (8A) Sex (3) Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (830) Mother tongue (4)

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (830)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Data quality - Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)

When comparing the census results to those of the 2001 Census, it appears that there is some overestimation of persons reporting Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in British Columbia and, as a result, also at the Canada level. Although it affects a relatively small population, it is best to apply caution when analysing the census data for Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in these geographies.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Comparability of 2006 Place of work data

Working at home can be measured in different ways. In the census, the 'Worked at home' category includes persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. In addition, the 2006 Census Guide instructed persons who worked part of the time at home and part of the time at an employer's address to indicate that they 'Worked at home' if most of their time was spent working at home (e.g., three days out of five).

Other Statistics Canada surveys such as the General Social Survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the Workplace and Employee Survey also collect information on working at home. However, the survey data are not directly comparable to the census data since the surveys ask respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home, whereas the census asks them where they usually worked most of the time. Consequently, census estimates on work at home are lower than survey estimates.

The place-of-work question has remained in virtually the same format in each census since 1971. However, in 1996, the category 'No fixed workplace address' replaced 'No usual place of work.' In 1996, the census questionnaire was modified by adding a check box for the 'No fixed workplace' response category. In previous censuses, respondents were asked to write 'No usual place of work' in the address fields. It is believed that previous censuses have undercounted the number of persons with 'No fixed workplace address.'

Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of municipalities could create some difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Definition of Place of work status

Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Respondent-completed responses:

Worked at home - Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence, persons who live and work on the same farm, building superintendents and teleworkers who spend most of their work week working at home.

Worked outside Canada - Persons who work at a location outside Canada. This can include diplomats, Armed Forces personnel and other persons enumerated abroad. This category also includes recent immigrants who may not currently be employed, but whose job of longest duration since January 1, 2005 was held outside Canada.

No fixed workplace address - Persons who do not go from home to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift. Such persons include building and landscape contractors, travelling salespersons, independent truck drivers, etc.

Worked at the address specified below - Persons who are not included in the categories described above and who report to the same (usual) workplace location at the beginning of each shift are included here. Respondents are asked to provide the street address, city, town, village, township, municipality or Indian reserve, province or territory and postal code of their workplace. If the full street address was not known, the name of the building or nearest street intersection could be substituted.

Teleworkers who spend less than one-half of their workweek working at their home office are asked to report the full address of their employer. Persons whose workplace location varied, but who reported regularly to an employer's address at the beginning of each shift, are asked to report the full address of the employer.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Description of the Profile of official-language groups (Mother tongue)

The Profile of official-language groups gives a statistical overview of official-language groups in Canada for certain geographic areas. For each of these geographic areas, the profile gives counts of official-language populations for characteristics such as home language, knowledge of languages, marital status, ethnic origin, place of birth, period of immigration, mobility status, citizenship, highest certificate, diploma or degree, labour force activity, occupation, industry and income distribution. It is based on data collected from a 20% sample of households at the time of the 2006 Census.

The profile consists of two tables, both containing the same data variables, but differing by the definition of the language groups. In this table, the language groups are defined by the mother tongue of the respondents. The data for each language group are displayed in the columns of the initial view of the table. Characteristics are identified in the rows of the initial view of the table. For example, official-language groups are shown first by legal marital status, next by common-law status, and so on. The age groups and sex are both displayed as a dimension.

Language groups are defined as follows. The category 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language. The category 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language. The category 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language. The 'Total' category includes all of the above, as well as respondents who reported one non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Age groups (8A)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age groups and sex for the population in Canada^{Footnote 1}
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (830)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population by age groups^{Footnote 3}	31,241,030	18,122,780	6,860,990	109,415
0 to 4 years	1,690,400	1,086,470	320,440	10,460
5 to 9 years	1,808,275	1,192,420	348,880	8,800
10 to 14 years	2,078,135	1,352,515	428,245	9,355
15 to 19 years	2,135,920	1,376,155	428,520	8,595
20 to 24 years	2,071,895	1,280,560	420,960	8,305
25 to 29 years	1,975,775	1,144,995	440,990	7,240
30 to 34 years	2,011,300	1,149,950	405,375	6,960
35 to 39 years	2,197,715	1,229,850	434,830	6,820
40 to 44 years	2,596,390	1,455,865	572,185	7,015
45 to 49 years	2,606,755	1,460,665	617,790	6,375
50 to 54 years	2,344,660	1,307,720	571,140	5,930
55 to 59 years	2,072,055	1,149,285	507,605	5,670
60 to 64 years	1,577,475	844,075	416,285	4,510
65 to 69 years	1,220,380	619,855	297,965	3,660
70 to 74 years	1,035,265	511,295	250,085	3,595
75 to 79 years	849,310	431,010	195,245	3,070
80 to 84 years	581,540	306,485	128,240	1,930
85 years and over	387,800	223,600	76,210	1,115
Median age^{Footnote 4}	39.2	36.9	41.9	31.4
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital status^{Footnote 5}	25,664,220	14,491,380	5,763,430	80,800
Never legally married (single)	8,963,165	5,134,090	2,499,970	36,525
Legally married (and not separated)^{Footnote 6}	12,415,715	6,963,860	2,149,945	28,100
Separated, but still legally married	766,035	490,370	133,195	2,855
Divorced	2,067,205	1,148,960	628,685	8,320
Widowed	1,452,105	754,100	351,640	5,000
Total population 15 years and over by common-law status^{Footnote 7}	25,664,225	14,491,380	5,763,430	80,800
Not in a common-law relationship	22,904,810	13,179,595	4,543,550	70,230
In a common-law relationship	2,759,415	1,311,790	1,219,885	10,570
Total population by knowledge of official languages^{Footnote 8}	31,241,030	18,122,780	6,860,990	109,420
English only	21,129,945	16,412,805	37,030	11,735
French only	4,141,850	3,590	3,908,435	2,340
English and French	5,448,850	1,698,200	2,913,960	95,205
Neither English nor French	520,385	8,195	1,565	140
Total population by first official language spoken^{Footnote 9}	31,241,030	18,122,780	6,860,990	109,420
English	23,197,090	18,119,190	37,030	55,080
French	7,204,390	3,585	6,823,960	25,865
English and French	331,930	0	0	28,470
Neither English nor French	507,625	0	0	0
Official language minority - (number)^{Footnote 10}	7,370,355	3,590	6,823,960	40,100
Official language minority - (percentage)^{Footnote 11}	23.6	0.0	99.5	36.6
Total population by language spoken most often at home^{Footnote 12}	31,241,030	18,122,785	6,860,990	109,415
Single responses	30,665,025	18,000,170	6,794,610	80,680
English	20,584,770	17,805,145	438,505	52,905
French	6,608,125	72,110	6,333,565	24,940
Non-official languages	3,472,130	122,910	22,540	2,835
Algonquin	385	20	0	0
Atikamekw	4,750	0	60	0
Blackfoot	1,575	240	0	0
Carrier	605	125	0	0
Chilcotin	430	0	0	0
Chipewyan	120	10	0	0
Cree	47,190	1,830	120	0
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	3,780	100	0	10
Dene	7,490	320	10	0
Dogrib	1,110	80	0	0
Gitksan	320	25	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	70	10	0	0
Inuktitut, n.i.e.	25,285	355	60	0
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	25	0	0	0
Malecite	135	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,985	135	10	10
Mohawk	20	10	0	0
Montagnais-Naskapi	9,725	50	235	0
Nisga'a	180	40	0	0
North Slave (Hare)	650	30	0	0
Ojibway	11,115	700	20	0
Oji-Cree	8,480	125	10	0
Shuswap	255	65	0	0
South Slave	605	50	0	0
Tlingit	0	10	0	0
Italian	170,330	4,055	1,240	195
Portuguese	103,875	3,260	520	50
Romanian	51,060	745	835	140
Spanish	209,955	6,665	3,245	230
Danish	1,340	35	10	0
Dutch	14,235	360	0	10
Flemish	425	30	30	0
Frisian	245	0	0	0
German	128,345	2,120	245	15
Norwegian	460	15	0	0
Swedish	1,110	145	10	0
Yiddish	5,705	260	60	0
Bosnian	8,385	175	20	10
Bulgarian	11,810	155	75	0
Croatian	22,160	460	50	0
Czech	6,985	140	55	0
Macedonian	8,705	195	10	10
Polish	101,570	1,905	215	45
Russian	93,805	2,025	545	55
Serbian	34,775	550	105	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,545	70	35	0
Slovak	5,805	95	0	0
Slovenian	2,710	65	0	0
Ukrainian	28,060	550	55	10
Latvian	2,010	20	0	0
Lithuanian	2,585	50	10	0
Estonian	2,155	35	0	0
Finnish	4,190	20	0	0
Hungarian	21,900	265	45	10
Greek	55,095	1,760	240	110
Armenian	21,485	240	280	145
Turkish	15,880	415	200	10
Amharic	8,230	305	15	0
Arabic	144,745	5,635	5,050	605
Hebrew	8,650	255	200	30
Maltese	1,150	140	0	0
Somali	17,045	810	40	15
Tigrigna	3,545	230	10	0
Bengali	33,565	1,775	70	40
Gujarati	52,715	2,555	65	10
Hindi	42,870	2,905	15	20
Kurdish	4,950	180	10	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	278,500	8,990	170	25
Pashto	6,705	105	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	97,220	2,620	215	120
Sindhi	5,045	430	35	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,780	185	0	10
Urdu	102,805	4,310	25	30
Malayalam	5,690	360	0	0
Tamil	92,680	5,910	240	65
Telugu	3,865	285	0	0
Japanese	19,540	840	75	10
Korean	101,500	2,935	40	45
Cantonese	300,595	8,780	200	40
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 13}	341,480	8,580	655	80
Mandarin	143,385	2,285	100	30
Taiwanese	4,580	70	0	0
Lao	8,555	680	220	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,430	295	355	45
Vietnamese	111,440	6,845	2,040	215
Bisayan languages	4,610	515	20	0
Ilocano	5,925	490	0	0
Malay	3,680	110	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	119,340	12,590	50	50
Akan (Twi)	7,335	1,100	45	10
Swahili	2,925	150	100	20
Creoles	21,610	780	2,330	200
Other languages^{Footnote 14}	77,440	6,690	1,515	45
Multiple responses	576,005	122,610	66,375	28,740
English and French	94,060	17,635	43,885	23,905
English and non-official language	406,455	103,045	1,650	1,600
French and non-official language	58,890	340	18,030	620
English, French and non-official language	16,600	1,585	2,820	2,615
Total population by language spoken on a regular basis at home^{Footnote 15}	31,241,030	18,122,785	6,860,990	109,415
None	27,339,185	17,495,970	6,143,655	73,480
Single responses	3,801,875	614,735	705,140	34,060
English	1,780,925	103,750	452,850	12,365
French	616,240	246,635	204,960	19,100
Non-official languages	1,404,715	264,350	47,330	2,595
Algonquin	775	60	115	10
Atikamekw	250	0	85	0
Blackfoot	1,220	530	0	0
Carrier	440	215	0	0
Chilcotin	225	65	0	0
Chipewyan	165	55	10	0
Cree	20,720	6,845	110	25
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	1,105	350	0	0
Dene	1,530	305	10	0
Dogrib	820	275	0	0
Gitksan	355	85	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	210	75	0	0
Inuktitut, n.i.e.	6,235	1,765	50	10
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	130	50	0	0
Malecite	215	60	10	0
Mi'kmaq	2,330	780	10	0
Mohawk	110	60	0	0
Montagnais-Naskapi	845	50	260	0
Nisga'a	295	155	0	0
North Slave (Hare)	305	75	0	0
Ojibway	9,150	3,345	30	15
Oji-Cree	2,405	365	0	0
Shuswap	520	335	0	0
South Slave	710	195	10	0
Tlingit	45	15	0	0
Italian	130,075	27,005	2,625	425
Portuguese	63,245	12,645	1,625	80
Romanian	14,035	1,045	380	10
Spanish	99,260	22,320	9,570	370
Danish	3,655	405	10	0
Dutch	26,360	2,660	75	30
Flemish	670	55	25	0
Frisian	380	30	0	0
German	90,470	10,870	965	100
Norwegian	1,120	230	35	0
Swedish	2,260	555	50	0
Yiddish	2,705	630	0	20
Bosnian	3,040	360	75	0
Bulgarian	2,425	250	40	10
Croatian	16,550	2,230	100	0
Czech	5,785	545	20	0
Macedonian	5,045	890	10	0
Polish	44,150	5,335	415	25
Russian	22,565	2,115	280	25
Serbian	9,940	1,120	55	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,690	165	50	0
Slovak	3,870	420	40	0
Slovenian	3,180	315	0	10
Ukrainian	26,430	4,260	50	10
Latvian	1,510	165	0	10
Lithuanian	1,675	165	15	0
Estonian	2,190	275	0	0
Finnish	4,840	525	35	15
Hungarian	16,060	1,605	85	15
Greek	41,930	10,530	380	120
Armenian	4,775	570	215	25
Turkish	5,505	735	125	10
Amharic	3,575	515	15	0
Arabic	79,615	12,040	9,095	485
Hebrew	9,490	2,070	430	15
Maltese	1,900	470	0	0
Somali	6,405	1,565	140	50
Tigrigna	2,150	310	10	0
Bengali	7,455	1,610	75	10
Gujarati	19,845	5,335	50	40
Hindi	35,865	8,665	35	0
Kurdish	1,525	265	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	61,710	14,560	20	15
Pashto	1,215	125	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	20,695	2,780	165	60
Sindhi	3,460	805	20	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,715	850	0	25
Urdu	31,310	6,870	30	10
Malayalam	3,820	855	0	0
Tamil	17,300	4,895	20	25
Telugu	1,570	250	0	0
Japanese	13,155	3,755	320	0
Korean	14,770	2,610	40	25
Cantonese	58,110	10,770	155	40
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 16}	60,945	10,305	290	20
Mandarin	24,225	2,845	105	25
Taiwanese	3,620	85	0	0
Lao	3,205	495	185	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,420	570	275	10
Vietnamese	24,715	3,895	840	35
Bisayan languages	1,935	280	20	0
Ilocano	2,925	450	0	0
Malay	2,945	595	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	72,945	16,370	45	30
Akan (Twi)	4,045	1,200	15	15
Swahili	3,705	710	355	0
Creoles	28,865	1,795	11,700	165
Other languages^{Footnote 17}	58,075	15,630	4,815	90
Multiple responses	99,975	12,080	12,195	1,880
English and French	29,175	900	1,625	560
English and non-official language	30,210	1,220	7,550	470
French and non-official language	39,885	9,930	2,960	845
English, French and non-official language	700	25	60	0
Algonquin - Various non-official languages spoken^{Footnote 18}	2,680	445	345	20
Atikamekw	5,645	30	350	0
Blackfoot	4,920	1,910	15	0
Carrier	2,495	1,075	0	0
Chilcotin	1,400	405	0	0
Chipewyan	765	225	20	0
Cree	99,950	23,520	660	180
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	6,495	1,090	30	10
Dene	11,130	1,450	20	0
Dogrib	2,645	625	10	0
Gitksan	1,570	435	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	580	215	0	0
Inuktitut, n.i.e.	35,690	3,610	360	35
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	570	240	10	0
Malecite	790	275	20	0
Mi'kmaq	8,745	1,960	50	10
Mohawk	615	330	35	0
Montagnais-Naskapi	11,815	125	875	10
Nisga'a	1,090	475	0	0
North Slave (Hare)	1,235	205	10	0
Ojibway	32,460	9,530	210	25
Oji-Cree	12,605	1,055	0	0
Shuswap	1,650	825	10	0
South Slave	2,315	620	15	0
Tlingit	180	100	0	0
Italian	660,945	143,885	36,425	3,145
Portuguese	274,670	42,845	9,210	650
Romanian	89,175	4,000	1,995	245
Spanish	758,285	177,260	165,310	5,635
Danish	21,930	3,660	260	10
Dutch	152,735	27,200	1,960	215
Flemish	6,705	1,130	810	25
Frisian	3,280	345	10	0
German	622,650	124,665	21,820	1,395
Norwegian	10,590	3,085	285	0
Swedish	14,955	3,990	460	30
Yiddish	27,605	11,460	245	95
Bosnian	15,160	1,010	120	20
Bulgarian	18,575	900	270	25
Croatian	72,690	8,600	430	45
Czech	29,735	2,785	325	55
Macedonian	24,820	3,695	50	15
Polish	242,885	22,525	2,085	390
Russian	191,520	13,415	2,830	320
Serbian	62,780	4,010	355	40
Serbo-Croatian	14,470	730	250	15
Slovak	21,740	2,150	120	30
Slovenian	15,030	1,890	95	15
Ukrainian	174,165	35,560	705	175
Latvian	8,030	705	30	15
Lithuanian	9,320	1,035	50	0
Estonian	8,860	795	15	0
Finnish	23,380	3,120	90	10
Hungarian	84,280	8,845	735	105
Greek	157,385	29,720	3,145	800
Armenian	35,260	2,110	1,295	335
Turkish	36,935	2,650	870	60
Amharic	19,885	2,040	95	25
Arabic	365,090	37,220	38,780	3,250
Hebrew	67,390	24,710	4,685	325
Maltese	8,635	2,720	45	0
Somali	32,045	4,615	520	120
Tigrigna	8,430	940	10	10
Bengali	52,430	6,610	210	125
Gujarati	105,395	17,915	380	135
Hindi	299,605	52,740	615	350
Kurdish	9,185	645	25	10
Panjabi (Punjabi)	456,085	51,825	330	210
Pashto	11,680	620	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	154,385	10,370	1,050	315
Sindhi	14,015	3,380	80	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	19,830	4,645	40	50
Urdu	208,125	29,520	480	285
Malayalam	14,100	2,845	10	0
Tamil	138,675	20,710	405	230
Telugu	8,345	1,440	0	0
Japanese	71,700	20,565	2,020	185
Korean	133,805	9,495	235	145
Cantonese	434,720	36,655	770	210
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 19}	472,080	35,790	2,400	440
Mandarin	281,840	16,175	1,100	170
Taiwanese	14,060	480	10	0
Lao	18,390	2,465	1,110	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	23,350	1,855	1,320	90
Vietnamese	184,050	16,785	4,560	595
Bisayan languages	11,280	2,155	50	0
Ilocano	14,130	2,355	0	10
Malay	19,410	5,150	240	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	324,120	69,080	365	375
Akan (Twi)	17,595	4,660	110	85
Swahili	27,795	6,715	3,000	150
Creoles	97,815	6,885	37,730	1,265
Other languages^{Footnote 20}	290,785	86,560	24,090	825
Total population by mobility status 1 year ago^{Footnote 21}	30,897,210	17,910,510	6,796,500	107,020
Non-movers	26,534,115	15,357,980	5,976,835	90,100
Movers	4,363,095	2,552,530	819,670	16,915
Non-migrants	2,554,260	1,522,545	469,855	9,925
Migrants	1,808,835	1,029,990	349,810	6,990
Internal migrants	1,511,305	943,995	330,660	6,210
Intraprovincial migrants	1,221,560	730,570	301,790	4,830
Interprovincial migrants	289,745	213,425	28,865	1,380
External migrants	297,530	85,995	19,155	785
Total population by mobility status 5 years ago^{Footnote 22}	29,544,480	17,032,235	6,539,085	98,925
Non-movers	17,457,170	10,188,640	4,113,215	56,640
Movers	12,087,315	6,843,590	2,425,875	42,285
Non-migrants	6,507,905	3,832,230	1,334,410	22,895
Migrants	5,579,410	3,011,365	1,091,465	19,390
Internal migrants	4,419,370	2,750,115	1,029,595	16,625
Intraprovincial migrants	3,566,790	2,104,440	940,330	12,515
Interprovincial migrants	852,580	645,675	89,265	4,115
External migrants	1,160,040	261,250	61,870	2,765
Total population by citizenship^{Footnote 23}	31,241,030	18,122,780	6,860,990	109,415
Canadian citizens	29,480,165	17,695,820	6,784,630	106,175
Canadian citizens under age 18	6,604,285	4,414,655	1,350,415	32,850
Canadian citizens age 18 and over	22,875,875	13,281,165	5,434,215	73,320
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 24}	1,760,865	426,965	76,360	3,245
Total population by immigrant status and place of birth^{Footnote 25}	31,241,030	18,122,785	6,860,990	109,415
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 26}	24,788,720	16,444,265	6,624,025	98,450
Born in province of residence	20,933,110	13,251,890	6,187,460	77,030
Born outside province of residence	3,855,605	3,192,380	436,565	21,420
Immigrants^{Footnote 27}	6,186,950	1,610,125	220,515	10,365
United States of America	250,535	218,430	11,880	1,080
Central America	130,455	7,560	2,165	75
Caribbean and Bermuda	317,765	234,470	24,390	550
South America	250,710	94,625	3,175	200
Europe	2,278,350	685,910	97,850	2,600
Western Europe	424,640	42,890	87,360	935
Eastern Europe	511,095	21,305	4,255	480
Southern Europe	698,085	32,030	5,075	755
Italy	296,850	13,620	2,435	410
Other Southern Europe	401,235	18,410	2,640	340
Northern Europe	644,525	589,685	1,165	435
United Kingdom	579,625	563,060	940	405
Other Northern Europe	64,905	26,625	225	25
Africa	374,565	84,240	55,540	2,520
Western Africa	48,640	15,270	5,275	120
Eastern Africa	129,925	30,890	7,730	1,080
Northern Africa	134,505	6,135	31,425	1,005
Central Africa	22,405	850	11,010	255
Southern Africa	39,085	31,085	95	55
Asia and the Middle East	2,525,160	252,280	24,295	3,240
West Central Asia and the Middle East	370,515	31,730	10,725	1,620
Eastern Asia	874,365	36,100	7,405	420
China, People's Republic of	466,940	14,025	5,925	205
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region	215,430	12,935	170	70
Other Eastern Asia	191,995	9,145	1,310	150
Southeast Asia	560,995	89,265	5,375	805
Philippines	303,195	62,405	310	275
Other Southeast Asia	257,800	26,865	5,065	530
Southern Asia	719,280	95,175	795	395
India	443,690	60,965	380	145
Other Southern Asia	275,590	34,215	415	255
Oceania and other^{Footnote 28}	59,405	32,620	1,210	90
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 29}	265,355	68,390	16,450	600
Total recent immigrants by selected places of birth^{Footnote 30}	1,109,980	172,200	50,305	2,150
United States of America	38,775	31,045	1,295	170
Central America	23,280	1,180	315	0
Caribbean and Bermuda	34,985	18,350	4,545	45
South America	61,330	8,685	780	80
Europe	178,525	30,990	19,735	395
Western Europe	32,425	1,745	17,825	160
Eastern Europe	92,565	2,810	1,335	140
Southern Europe	25,585	1,255	355	55
Italy	2,275	150	30	35
Other Southern Europe	23,315	1,105	325	25
Northern Europe	27,940	25,175	220	40
United Kingdom	25,660	24,270	170	35
Other Northern Europe	2,285	905	55	0
Africa	117,210	17,750	17,960	855
Western Africa	19,930	6,650	3,045	45
Eastern Africa	30,810	5,315	2,600	420
Northern Africa	48,845	1,265	6,765	265
Central Africa	10,830	285	5,530	105
Southern Africa	6,800	4,230	20	0
Asia and the Middle East	647,220	58,720	5,480	590
West Central Asia and the Middle East	106,870	8,085	1,805	275
Eastern Asia	215,285	7,460	2,880	105
China, People's Republic of	155,105	4,865	2,490	95
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region	7,435	695	0	0
Other Eastern Asia	52,745	1,905	380	10
Southeast Asia	100,225	17,890	635	135
Philippines	77,880	14,840	90	95
Other Southeast Asia	22,345	3,045	545	35
Southern Asia	224,845	25,285	155	85
India	129,140	17,000	70	25
Other Southern Asia	95,705	8,285	90	50
Oceania and other^{Footnote 31}	8,655	5,485	190	20
Total immigrant population by period of immigration^{Footnote 32}	6,186,950	1,610,130	220,515	10,360
Before 1961	791,225	277,450	19,300	1,010
1961 to 1970	710,280	287,455	28,120	1,075
1971 to 1980	903,705	341,655	34,500	1,525
1981 to 1990	1,003,210	240,875	32,475	1,735
1991 to 2000	1,668,550	290,500	55,820	2,860
1991 to 1995	823,925	151,720	25,260	1,600
1996 to 2000	844,625	138,775	30,560	1,265
2001 to 2006^{Footnote 33}	1,109,985	172,200	50,305	2,150
Total population 15 years and older by generation status^{Footnote 34}	25,664,225	14,491,380	5,763,425	80,795
1st generation^{Footnote 35}	6,124,560	1,618,340	215,245	9,620
2nd generation^{Footnote 36}	4,006,420	3,087,065	193,730	14,405
3rd generation or more^{Footnote 37}	15,533,245	9,785,970	5,354,450	56,775
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity population^{Footnote 38}	31,241,030	18,122,780	6,860,990	109,415
Total Aboriginal identity population^{Footnote 39}	1,172,785	862,545	97,575	5,110
North American Indian single response^{Footnote 40}	698,025	496,190	35,090	1,760
Métis single response	389,780	321,080	56,590	2,975
Inuit single response	50,480	17,430	880	55
Multiple Aboriginal identity responses	7,740	6,240	1,110	175
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 41}	26,765	21,610	3,915	150
Non-Aboriginal identity population	30,068,240	17,260,235	6,763,415	104,305
Total population by Registered Indian status^{Footnote 42}	31,241,030	18,122,785	6,860,990	109,420
Registered Indian^{Footnote 43}	623,780	432,575	25,190	1,250
Not a Registered Indian	30,617,250	17,690,205	6,835,800	108,165
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activity^{Footnote 44}	25,664,220	14,491,380	5,763,425	80,800
In the labour force^{Footnote 45}	17,146,135	10,044,015	3,768,170	50,780
Employed^{Footnote 46}	16,021,180	9,405,655	3,531,475	46,370
Unemployed^{Footnote 47}	1,124,955	638,360	236,695	4,410
Not in the labour force^{Footnote 48}	8,518,090	4,447,365	1,995,260	30,020
Participation rate^{Footnote 49}	66.8	69.3	65.4	62.8
Employment rate^{Footnote 50}	62.4	64.9	61.3	57.4
Unemployment rate^{Footnote 51}	6.6	6.4	6.3	8.7
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of worker^{Footnote 52}	17,146,135	10,044,010	3,768,170	50,780
Class of worker - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	284,955	133,710	60,895	1,385
All classes of worker^{Footnote 54}	16,861,180	9,910,305	3,707,275	49,395
Paid workers	15,535,410	9,127,960	3,451,370	45,715
Employees	14,816,205	8,741,270	3,305,755	44,190
Self-employed (incorporated)	719,205	386,690	145,615	1,525
Without paid help	291,395	152,950	62,290	740
With paid help	427,815	233,735	83,325	790
Self-employed (unincorporated)	1,274,505	753,680	247,285	3,520
Without paid help	900,620	546,030	183,295	2,555
With paid help	373,885	207,650	63,985	965
Unpaid family workers	51,265	28,670	8,620	160
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006^{Footnote 55}	17,146,135	10,044,015	3,768,170	50,780
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	284,955	133,710	60,895	1,385
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	16,861,185	9,910,300	3,707,280	49,400
A Management occupations	1,631,730	1,001,095	321,135	4,405
A0 Senior management occupations	218,645	118,810	63,285	705
A1 Specialist managers	423,015	271,750	75,190	1,225
A2 Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services	475,975	278,690	90,395	1,350
A3 Other managers, n.e.c.	514,100	331,845	92,265	1,125
B Business, finance and administrative occupations	3,025,425	1,807,385	674,535	10,015
B0 Professional occupations in business and finance	427,600	240,300	92,700	990
B1 Finance and insurance administration occupations	201,835	136,515	28,040	520
B2 Secretaries	308,565	151,305	113,365	1,150
B3 Administrative and regulatory occupations	354,345	227,335	69,085	1,260
B4 Clerical supervisors	93,065	59,575	18,625	310
B5 Clerical occupations	1,640,025	992,360	352,730	5,785
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,108,045	592,320	227,240	3,250
C0 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	603,075	302,085	113,840	1,575
C1 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	504,970	290,235	113,395	1,680
D Health occupations	950,360	552,505	227,840	2,350
D0 Professional occupations in health	192,160	106,120	43,360	415
D1 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses	279,725	175,910	65,080	655
D2 Technical and related occupations in health	219,385	129,625	53,995	530
D3 Assisting occupations in support of health services	259,095	140,845	65,405	745
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion	1,414,325	841,585	344,075	4,490
E0 Judges, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, ministers of religion, and policy and program officers	373,635	234,195	84,255	1,185
E1 Teachers and professors	667,990	397,605	161,420	2,110
E2 Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c.	372,705	209,785	98,400	1,195
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	502,195	314,320	114,400	1,795
F0 Professional occupations in art and culture	218,910	134,010	52,440	850
F1 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	283,285	180,310	61,965	945
G Sales and service occupations	4,037,720	2,365,985	864,330	12,970
G0 Sales and service supervisors	131,780	85,605	21,895	470
G1 Wholesale, technical, insurance, real estate sales specialists, and retail, wholesale and grain buyers	353,120	214,815	74,260	1,140
G2 Retail salespersons and sales clerks	729,845	447,100	153,765	2,500
G3 Cashiers	324,855	185,305	76,155	1,220
G4 Chefs and cooks	246,935	123,745	53,550	750
G5 Occupations in food and beverage service	268,710	162,720	63,075	1,030
G6 Occupations in protective services	277,175	170,455	71,365	955
G7 Occupations in travel and accommodation, including attendants in recreation and sport	143,595	86,215	25,965	605
G8 Child care and home support workers	259,675	157,645	42,685	650
G9 Sales and service occupations, n.e.c.	1,302,035	732,375	281,610	3,645
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,550,295	1,525,255	586,275	6,710
H0 Contractors and supervisors in trades and transportation	125,245	79,985	26,410	200
H1 Construction trades	436,455	261,360	94,790	1,130
H2 Stationary engineers, power station operators and electrical trades and telecommunications occupations	179,255	114,030	40,945	380
H3 Machinists, metal forming, shaping and erecting occupations	221,830	126,940	52,025	405
H4 Mechanics	377,035	223,835	97,655	1,000
H5 Other trades, n.e.c.	130,625	68,625	33,775	400
H6 Heavy equipment and crane operators, including drillers	116,360	77,780	28,215	325
H7 Transportation equipment operators and related workers, excluding labourers	561,360	322,790	129,610	1,680
H8 Trades helpers, construction and transportation labourers and related occupations	402,130	249,920	82,855	1,175
I Occupations unique to primary industry	648,310	440,885	111,675	1,230
I0 Occupations unique to agriculture, excluding labourers	360,635	231,765	62,320	540
I1 Occupations unique to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing, excluding labourers	130,785	93,065	28,585	285
I2 Primary production labourers	156,890	116,055	20,765	405
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities	992,765	468,970	235,780	2,180
J0 Supervisors in manufacturing	76,725	37,890	24,115	210
J1 Machine operators in manufacturing	387,875	180,475	90,440	740
J2 Assemblers in manufacturing	261,520	130,905	47,550	535
J3 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	266,645	119,700	73,675	695
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002^{Footnote 58}	17,146,135	10,044,010	3,768,170	50,780
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 59}	284,955	133,710	60,895	1,380
All industries^{Footnote 60}	16,861,185	9,910,305	3,707,280	49,400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	523,655	328,080	106,885	805
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction	238,815	191,700	25,490	465
22 Utilities	132,945	84,030	33,380	205
23 Construction	1,069,095	667,950	218,630	2,710
31-33 Manufacturing	2,005,980	997,550	513,275	5,055
41 Wholesale trade	739,305	438,500	145,530	2,155
44-45 Retail trade	1,917,175	1,136,820	440,570	6,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	820,195	489,280	169,250	2,585
51 Information and cultural industries	417,325	254,315	88,385	1,640
52 Finance and insurance	689,210	396,535	142,135	1,890
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	303,515	186,265	50,230	1,020
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,122,445	660,285	212,060	3,410
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20,535	12,945	3,155	80
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	722,695	436,550	124,310	2,540
61 Educational services	1,150,535	695,370	266,425	3,290
62 Health care and social assistance	1,716,260	998,880	424,385	4,565
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	346,315	232,290	71,090	1,140
72 Accommodation and food services	1,126,695	649,205	212,550	3,675
81 Other services (except public administration)	819,880	465,325	184,515	2,430
91 Public administration	978,615	588,420	275,030	3,615
Total employed labour force 15 years and over by place of work status^{Footnote 61}	16,021,175	9,405,655	3,531,475	46,370
Usual place of work	13,069,895	7,598,600	2,991,210	38,160
In census subdivision of residence	7,814,510	4,620,660	1,654,845	22,630
In different census subdivision	5,255,385	2,977,940	1,336,365	15,530
In same census division	2,687,845	1,800,090	448,560	6,890
At home	1,230,350	752,215	235,040	3,125
Outside Canada	76,570	41,655	9,400	280
No fixed workplace address	1,644,360	1,013,180	295,825	4,800
Total employed labour force 15 years and over with usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^{Footnote 62}	14,714,255	8,611,785	3,287,035	42,965
Car, truck, van, as driver	10,644,325	6,325,735	2,481,525	27,670
Car, truck, van, as passenger	1,133,145	707,490	188,420	3,505
Public transit	1,622,725	776,950	320,245	7,135
Walked	939,290	563,225	218,270	3,090
Bicycle	195,515	124,520	47,780	805
Motorcycle	20,085	13,295	4,940	90
Taxicab	32,240	21,090	5,470	165
Other method	126,925	79,480	20,390	510
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at work^{Footnote 63}	18,418,100	10,849,015	4,015,735	54,825
Single responses	18,062,905	10,792,415	3,876,005	41,845
English	14,064,105	10,684,800	494,055	29,220
French	3,724,970	99,835	3,380,225	12,520
Non-official languages	273,830	7,780	1,725	100
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 64}	51,055	715	60	15
Cantonese	39,245	500	0	0
Panjabi (Punjabi)	25,385	380	10	0
German	24,770	585	160	0
Mandarin	15,630	140	20	0
Portuguese	9,385	240	70	0
Spanish	14,775	890	520	25
Vietnamese	7,690	265	75	0
Korean	10,455	240	0	0
Italian	4,740	320	110	0
Other languages^{Footnote 65}	70,700	3,515	705	60
Multiple responses	355,195	56,600	139,735	12,980
English and French	252,295	44,120	136,275	12,300
English and non-official language	86,820	11,355	570	90
French and non-official language	5,055	105	1,010	55
English, French and non-official language	11,020	1,015	1,885	535
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used on a regular basis at work^{Footnote 66}	18,418,105	10,849,015	4,015,740	54,825
None	15,997,305	10,405,040	2,798,365	37,900
Single responses	2,372,300	435,685	1,207,955	16,555
English	1,213,580	77,265	914,775	7,195
French	700,785	297,735	284,340	8,700
Non-official languages	457,935	60,680	8,840	660
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 67}	50,110	2,565	150	0
Cantonese	31,370	1,890	20	20
Panjabi (Punjabi)	35,920	2,440	10	10
German	24,280	3,800	315	40
Mandarin	18,005	960	55	0
Portuguese	20,495	2,360	200	15
Spanish	43,955	8,245	3,760	190
Vietnamese	11,190	530	100	10
Korean	10,405	755	30	10
Italian	31,895	6,330	920	115
Other languages^{Footnote 68}	180,310	30,800	3,280	245
Multiple responses	48,495	8,290	9,420	370
English and French	2,285	150	205	0
English and non-official language	18,195	620	6,745	110
French and non-official language	27,835	7,515	2,440	240
English, French and non-official language	185	0	30	15
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent doing unpaid housework^{Footnote 69}	25,664,225	14,491,375	5,763,425	80,800
No hours of unpaid housework	2,485,830	1,335,875	543,840	10,625
Less than 5 hours of unpaid housework	6,213,880	3,473,965	1,516,830	20,710
5 to 14 hours of unpaid housework	8,277,965	4,714,465	1,908,730	24,095
15 to 29 hours of unpaid housework	5,119,440	2,911,375	1,131,095	14,325
30 to 59 hours of unpaid housework	2,571,630	1,463,740	515,895	7,540
60 hours or more of unpaid housework	995,475	591,965	147,035	3,495
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent looking after children, without pay^{Footnote 70}	25,664,225	14,491,380	5,763,430	80,795
No hours of unpaid child care	16,038,565	9,263,425	3,624,990	54,145
Less than 5 hours of unpaid child care	2,445,290	1,234,540	643,905	6,645
5 to 14 hours of unpaid child care	2,429,580	1,246,705	557,570	6,290
15 to 29 hours of unpaid child care	1,722,965	906,690	389,675	4,680
30 to 59 hours of unpaid child care	1,318,650	736,895	280,620	3,670
60 hours or more of unpaid child care	1,709,170	1,103,130	266,670	5,370
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors^{Footnote 71}	25,664,225	14,491,380	5,763,430	80,800
No hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	20,939,900	11,890,490	4,673,380	65,975
Less than 5 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	2,924,520	1,599,865	748,605	8,635
5 to 9 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	1,019,890	574,585	205,150	3,285
10 to 19 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	383,205	211,240	69,140	1,270
20 hours or more of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	396,715	215,200	67,165	1,630
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 72}	25,664,220	14,491,380	5,763,425	80,800
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,098,325	3,229,005	1,479,425	18,880
Certificate, diploma or degree	19,565,895	11,262,375	4,284,000	61,915
High school certificate or equivalent^{Footnote 73}	6,553,420	4,071,985	1,285,780	20,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,785,420	1,414,895	915,535	9,420
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma^{Footnote 74}	4,435,135	2,741,635	956,950	14,505
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 75}	1,136,150	551,710	266,580	4,600
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or above^{Footnote 76}	4,655,770	2,482,150	859,155	12,985
Bachelor's degree	2,981,465	1,634,210	564,805	7,975
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	493,540	273,345	82,350	1,710
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	136,845	65,410	23,190	225
Master's degree	866,975	423,925	159,415	2,530
Earned doctorate	176,945	85,265	29,395	550
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000^{Footnote 77}	13,012,475	7,190,390	2,998,220	41,520
Education	994,660	576,205	256,705	2,675
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	481,190	269,145	115,430	2,100
Humanities	717,125	380,215	168,600	3,065
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,275,105	749,315	248,540	4,655
Business, management and public administration	2,801,720	1,524,535	679,520	9,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	451,960	227,290	87,645	1,480
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	568,755	274,495	117,310	2,075
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,922,080	1,530,750	678,085	7,890
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	291,510	168,110	72,545	605
Health, parks, recreation and fitness	1,728,890	1,052,450	352,930	4,780
Personal, protective and transportation services	777,370	437,175	219,735	3,015
Other fields of study^{Footnote 78}	2,100	710	1,170	0
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualification by location of study^{Footnote 79}	13,012,470	7,190,390	2,998,220	41,520
Inside Canada	10,948,475	6,601,760	2,902,810	37,800
Newfoundland and Labrador	215,440	211,185	960	170
Prince Edward Island	50,760	47,195	2,415	150
Nova Scotia	400,260	371,280	15,180	1,095
New Brunswick	274,255	180,455	85,575	1,685
Quebec	3,054,910	296,315	2,499,920	17,415
Ontario	3,972,225	3,038,965	230,780	12,250
Manitoba	414,365	327,820	20,055	890
Saskatchewan	378,560	332,880	9,330	545
Alberta	1,029,270	872,300	22,285	1,700
British Columbia	1,144,600	914,250	15,750	1,860
Yukon Territory	4,515	3,725	305	15
Northwest Territories	6,045	4,230	210	10
Nunavut	3,265	1,165	40	15
Outside Canada	2,064,000	588,630	95,410	3,715
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 80}	31,241,030	18,122,785	6,860,990	109,415
Total Aboriginal ancestry population^{Footnote 81}	1,678,235	1,185,855	268,960	9,330
North American Indian single ancestry	512,150	310,020	43,400	795
North American Indian and non-Aboriginal ancestries	693,355	517,630	155,545	5,535
Métis single ancestry	77,295	59,745	14,040	435
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	285,750	234,065	47,650	2,070
Inuit single ancestry	40,975	11,175	580	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	18,610	14,175	1,405	100
Other Aboriginal multiple ancestries^{Footnote 82}	50,090	39,045	6,340	375
Non-Aboriginal ancestry population	29,562,795	16,936,930	6,592,035	100,085
Total population by visible minority groups	31,241,030	18,122,785	6,860,990	109,420
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 83}	5,068,095	1,552,810	180,095	13,950
Chinese	1,216,565	199,145	13,970	1,650
South Asian^{Footnote 84}	1,262,865	373,960	5,635	2,335
Black	783,795	497,660	104,795	4,345
Filipino	410,700	154,440	1,020	930
Latin American	304,245	33,485	8,855	505
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 85}	239,940	44,845	10,895	1,015
Arab	265,550	38,700	27,525	1,775
West Asian^{Footnote 86}	156,700	14,640	1,145	235
Korean	141,890	17,110	1,075	145
Japanese	81,300	42,135	770	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 87}	71,425	56,910	940	225
Multiple visible minority^{Footnote 88}	133,120	79,775	3,480	715
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 89}	26,172,940	16,569,970	6,680,895	95,465
Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)^{Footnote 90}	31,241,030	18,122,785	6,860,990	109,415
Total population - Single responses^{Footnote 91}	18,319,580	7,908,245	4,986,835	47,950
Total population - Multiple responses^{Footnote 92}	12,921,450	10,214,540	1,874,155	61,470
Canadian - Total responses	10,066,290	5,116,350	4,776,490	45,440
Canadian - Single responses	5,748,720	2,294,555	3,386,775	18,320
Canadian - Multiple responses	4,317,570	2,821,795	1,389,715	27,120
English - Total responses	6,570,015	6,355,645	136,340	20,355
English - Single responses	1,367,125	1,345,060	11,730	995
English - Multiple responses	5,202,890	5,010,585	124,615	19,360
French - Total responses	4,941,210	2,244,180	2,584,640	50,595
French - Single responses	1,230,540	148,345	1,067,360	8,770
French - Multiple responses	3,710,675	2,095,835	1,517,280	41,825
Scottish - Total responses	4,719,850	4,548,000	126,795	12,560
Scottish - Single responses	568,510	545,135	19,195	570
Scottish - Multiple responses	4,151,340	4,002,870	107,600	11,985
Irish - Total responses	4,354,155	3,984,540	324,510	17,255
Irish - Single responses	491,030	423,335	63,625	1,335
Irish - Multiple responses	3,863,125	3,561,205	260,880	15,920
German - Total responses	3,179,425	2,657,035	91,910	6,125
German - Single responses	670,640	380,480	12,785	380
German - Multiple responses	2,508,785	2,276,555	79,120	5,745
Italian - Total responses	1,445,335	826,730	119,650	6,375
Italian - Single responses	741,045	275,290	29,160	1,750
Italian - Multiple responses	704,285	551,435	90,490	4,620
Chinese - Total responses	1,346,515	267,080	16,025	1,880
Chinese - Single responses	1,135,365	146,010	10,250	900
Chinese - Multiple responses	211,145	121,070	5,775	975
North American Indian - Total responses	1,253,615	864,885	205,160	6,670
North American Indian - Single responses	512,150	310,020	43,395	790
North American Indian - Multiple responses	741,465	554,865	161,770	5,880
Ukrainian - Total responses	1,209,090	1,011,935	11,070	2,130
Ukrainian - Single responses	300,595	183,455	1,835	235
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	908,495	828,480	9,240	1,900
Dutch (Netherlands) - Total responses	1,035,960	860,670	12,575	2,070
Dutch (Netherlands) - Single responses	303,400	183,880	2,145	220
Dutch (Netherlands) - Multiple responses	732,560	676,790	10,430	1,845
Polish - Total responses	984,565	703,495	20,505	2,165
Polish - Single responses	269,380	81,235	3,535	290
Polish - Multiple responses	715,190	622,255	16,970	1,875
East Indian - Total responses	962,665	350,790	6,305	1,880
East Indian - Single responses	780,175	234,665	2,650	980
East Indian - Multiple responses	182,495	116,125	3,660	905
Russian - Total responses	500,600	344,915	7,400	920
Russian - Single responses	98,245	31,215	1,285	105
Russian - Multiple responses	402,360	313,695	6,115	810
Welsh - Total responses	440,965	433,885	2,395	885
Welsh - Single responses	27,110	25,835	100	20
Welsh - Multiple responses	413,850	408,055	2,300	865
Filipino - Total responses	436,190	175,300	1,255	1,055
Filipino - Single responses	321,390	107,755	485	525
Filipino - Multiple responses	114,800	67,545	770	530
Norwegian - Total responses	432,515	417,905	3,755	480
Norwegian - Single responses	44,785	38,080	685	25
Norwegian - Multiple responses	387,730	379,825	3,070	460
Portuguese - Total responses	410,850	177,960	17,405	1,050
Portuguese - Single responses	262,230	62,875	6,145	335
Portuguese - Multiple responses	148,625	115,085	11,260	715
Métis - Total responses	409,070	329,895	67,840	2,835
Métis - Single responses	77,295	59,745	14,040	435
Métis - Multiple responses	331,770	270,150	53,810	2,405
British Isles, n.i.e. - Total responses^{Footnote 93}	403,915	389,210	7,575	1,930
British Isles, n.i.e. - Single responses^{Footnote 94}	94,145	91,960	1,135	205
British Isles, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^{Footnote 95}	309,770	297,250	6,445	1,720
Swedish - Total responses	334,770	316,695	2,815	540
Swedish - Single responses	28,440	22,480	300	15
Swedish - Multiple responses	306,325	294,210	2,510	525
Total income in 2005 of population 15 years and over^{Footnote 96}	25,664,220	14,491,380	5,763,425	80,800
Without income	1,241,060	661,050	262,385	4,890
With income	24,423,160	13,830,330	5,501,045	75,910
Under $1,000^{Footnote 97}	963,270	533,875	156,630	3,575
$1,000 to $2,999	819,530	476,670	143,755	2,670
$3,000 to $4,999	792,565	453,555	149,245	2,635
$5,000 to $6,999	896,425	485,245	198,675	3,370
$7,000 to $9,999	1,514,745	793,370	384,125	5,855
$10,000 to $11,999	1,037,220	560,405	213,580	3,720
$12,000 to $14,999	1,581,200	797,690	376,840	5,465
$15,000 to $19,999	2,430,720	1,263,505	596,240	8,585
$20,000 to $24,999	1,935,755	1,033,325	464,400	6,110
$25,000 to $29,999	1,745,745	944,245	440,160	5,850
$30,000 to $34,999	1,716,180	948,035	433,740	5,205
$35,000 to $39,999	1,473,270	843,815	359,635	4,225
$40,000 to $44,999	1,255,425	730,015	304,165	3,735
$45,000 to $49,999	1,038,085	617,945	246,935	2,700
$50,000 to $59,999	1,587,760	970,440	358,905	4,120
$60,000 and over	3,635,265	2,378,200	674,005	8,085
Median income $^{Footnote 98}	25,615	27,665	25,723	21,519
Average income $^{Footnote 99}	35,498	38,277	32,907	29,502
Standard error of average income $^{Footnote 100}	30	45	40	263
Total after-tax income in 2005 of population 15 years and over^{Footnote 101}	25,664,225	14,491,380	5,763,430	80,795
Without after-tax income	1,245,615	663,760	262,580	4,910
With after-tax income	24,418,615	13,827,620	5,500,845	75,885
Under $1,000^{Footnote 102}	982,725	546,790	159,815	3,595
$1,000 to $2,999	821,975	478,085	144,150	2,695
$3,000 to $4,999	796,915	456,000	150,065	2,640
$5,000 to $6,999	900,515	487,695	199,680	3,395
$7,000 to $9,999	1,543,920	812,540	388,770	5,940
$10,000 to $11,999	1,082,805	588,185	222,355	3,915
$12,000 to $14,999	1,707,930	872,565	403,940	5,870
$15,000 to $19,999	2,795,170	1,467,400	686,750	9,785
$20,000 to $24,999	2,331,585	1,248,995	577,600	7,535
$25,000 to $29,999	2,232,550	1,207,340	586,430	7,265
$30,000 to $34,999	1,997,635	1,131,475	497,070	5,855
$35,000 to $39,999	1,626,095	948,565	395,315	4,475
$40,000 to $44,999	1,267,310	760,430	293,830	3,340
$45,000 to $49,999	991,340	605,655	225,385	2,430
$50,000 and over	3,340,145	2,215,915	569,680	7,145
Median after-tax income $^{Footnote 103}	23,307	24,812	23,407	20,081
Average after-tax income $^{Footnote 104}	29,214	31,204	27,255	24,814
Standard error of average after-tax income $^{Footnote 105}	20	30	26	178
Total population 15 years and over with employment income^{Footnote 106}	18,201,260	10,748,345	3,997,430	53,215
Median employment income in 2005 $	26,850	27,956	26,799	22,999
Average employment income in 2005 $	36,301	38,291	33,466	30,545
Standard error of average employment income $	34	49	46	335
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 107}	9,275,765	5,547,880	2,051,635	25,345
Median employment income in 2005 $	41,401	43,590	39,100	37,716
Average employment income in 2005 $	51,221	54,339	45,880	44,315
Standard error of average employment income $	52	75	65	544
Worked part year or part time^{Footnote 108}	7,766,075	4,555,800	1,709,320	24,095
Median employment income in 2005 $	13,072	12,475	14,148	11,533
Average employment income in 2005 $	22,398	22,670	22,184	19,379
Standard error of average employment income $	41	61	59	389

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

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Footnote 3

Age
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 16, 2006). This variable is derived from Date of birth.

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Footnote 4

The median age is an age 'x,' such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x.'

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Footnote 5

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person. The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single) - Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated) - Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married - Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced - Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed - Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

Since 1996, Aboriginal people married according to traditional customs were instructed to report themselves as legally married.

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In 2006, legally married same-sex couples are included in this category.

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Footnote 7

Common-law status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who live together as a couple but who are not legally married to each other. These persons can be of the opposite sex or of the same sex.

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Footnote 8

Knowledge of official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Data on knowledge of official languages
According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population, but also for the whole population in general. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide.

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Footnote 9

First official language spoken
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 10

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories.

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Footnote 11

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories.

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Footnote 12

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 13

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 14

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 15

Refers to the language spoken on a regular basis at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on language spoken most often at home are also collected.

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Footnote 16

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Footnote 17

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Footnote 18

Knowledge of non-official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 22

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 23

Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 24

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries'. The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 25

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 26

Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

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Footnote 27

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 28

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 30

In this product, recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2001 and Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 31

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 32

Period of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to ranges of years based on the year of immigration question. Year of immigration refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 33

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 34

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 35

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 36

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 37

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 38

Aboriginal identity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
In 1991 and previous censuses, the Aboriginal population was defined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's perception of his/her Aboriginal identity.
The question used in the 2006 and 2001 censuses is the same as the one used in 1996.
This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Footnote 39

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

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Footnote 40

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 41

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

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Footnote 42

Registered or Treaty Indian
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty. Although there was a question in the 1991 Census on registration status, the layout of the 1996 question was somewhat different. In 1991, Question 16 on Registered Indians had two components. In the first part of the question, respondents were asked about their registration status, while the second part of the question dealt with band membership. The question used in 1996 asked only for registration or treaty status, while band membership was dealt with in a separate question.
The wording of the question, starting in 1996, differs slightly from the one in previous censuses. Prior to 1996, the term 'treaty' was not included in the question. It was added in 1996 at the request of individuals from the Western provinces, where the term is more widely used.
The 2006 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996 and 2001.

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Footnote 43

Registered or Treaty Indian: The expression 'Registered Indian' refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty.

The Registered Indian counts in this table may differ from the administrative counts maintained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, with the most important causes of these differences being the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements as well as methodological and conceptual differences between the two sources.

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Footnote 44

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

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Footnote 45

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 46

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006): (a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice; (b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

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Footnote 47

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either: (a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or (b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or (c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

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Footnote 48

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

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Footnote 49

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

Participation rate = Labour force divided by Population 15 years of age and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 50

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

Employment rate = Employed divided by Population 15 years and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 51

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unemployment rate = Unemployed divided by Labour force X 100

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 52

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
a. persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
b. persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
c. persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.

The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 54

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 55

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue no. 12-583-XIE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 56

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 57

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 58

Industry (based on the North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] 2002)
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the NAICS 2002) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2002. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 59

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 60

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 61

Place of work status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of people aged 15 or over who worked at some point between January 1, 2005 and May 16, 2006 (Census Day), according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 62

Mode of transportation
Part A - Plain language definition
Main means a person uses to travel between home and place of work (by car, on foot, on public transit, or by some other means).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the mode of transportation to work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they usually use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual's job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 63

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 64

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Footnote 65

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Footnote 66

Refers to the language used at work on a regular basis by the individual at the time of the census. Data on language used most often at work are also collected.

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Footnote 67

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Footnote 68

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Footnote 69

Hours spent doing unpaid housework
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent doing housework, maintaining the house or doing yard work without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent preparing meals, mowing the lawn, or cleaning the house, for oneself or for relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent doing unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). It includes hours spent doing unpaid housework for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.

Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 70

Hours spent looking after children, without pay
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent looking after children without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent taking care of one's own children or looking after the children of relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (none, less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent looking after children without pay. It includes hours spent providing unpaid child care for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 71

Hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent providing care or assistance to elderly people without getting paid for doing so. This includes time spent giving personal care to an elderly relative, helping elderly neighbours with their shopping, and so on. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 9 hours, 10 to 19 hours, and 20 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one's own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 72

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 73

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 74

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 75

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 76

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 77

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Footnote 78

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.

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Footnote 79

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma, or degree above high school level was completed.

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Footnote 80

Aboriginal ancestry
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors.
'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary. 'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

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Footnote 82

Includes those who reported multiple Aboriginal ancestries or multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries to the ethnic origin question.

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Footnote 83

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 84

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 87

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Kurd,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 88

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 89

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 90

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 91

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Footnote 92

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Footnote 93

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 94

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 95

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 96

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 97

Including loss.

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Footnote 98

For persons with income.

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Footnote 99

For persons with income.

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Footnote 100

For persons with income.

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Footnote 101

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Footnote 102

Including loss.

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Footnote 103

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 104

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 105

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 106

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Average employment income of individuals - Average employment income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median employment income of individuals - The median employment income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average employment income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average employment income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings or any other source of income and after-tax income of persons 15 years of age and over not in families and households.

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Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Includes persons who did not work in 2005 but reported employment income.

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Footnote 107

Worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 108

Worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006058.

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Footnote c

To access the Beyond 20/20 (IVT) version, you need the Beyond 20/20 Table Browser, which may be downloaded below. These links download files directly from an external site and are not the responsibility of Statistics Canada.

Beyond 20/20 Browser for Windows operating systems (18.9 MB)
To install this product, run 'ProBrowser.exe'.

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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Related data

2006 Census analysis series:
2006 Census: The Evolving Linguistic Portrait, 2006 Census: Findings
2006 Census reference guides and technical reports:
Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census