2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002 (433A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (227), for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006006
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Labour
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (227)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Comparability of 2006 Place of work data

Working at home can be measured in different ways. In the census, the 'Worked at home' category includes persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. In addition, the 2006 Census Guide instructed persons who worked part of the time at home and part of the time at an employer's address to indicate that they 'Worked at home' if most of their time was spent working at home (e.g., three days out of five).

Other Statistics Canada surveys such as the General Social Survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the Workplace and Employee Survey also collect information on working at home. However, the survey data are not directly comparable to the census data since the surveys ask respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home, whereas the census asks them where they usually worked most of the time. Consequently, census estimates on work at home are lower than survey estimates.

The place-of-work question has remained in virtually the same format in each census since 1971. However, in 1996, the category 'No fixed workplace address' replaced 'No usual place of work.' In 1996, the census questionnaire was modified by adding a check box for the 'No fixed workplace' response category. In previous censuses, respondents were asked to write 'No usual place of work' in the address fields. It is believed that previous censuses have undercounted the number of persons with 'No fixed workplace address.'

Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of municipalities could create some difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Definition of Place of work status

Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Respondent-completed responses:

Worked at home - Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence, persons who live and work on the same farm, building superintendents and teleworkers who spend most of their work week working at home.

Worked outside Canada - Persons who work at a location outside Canada. This can include diplomats, Armed Forces personnel and other persons enumerated abroad. This category also includes recent immigrants who may not currently be employed, but whose job of longest duration since January 1, 2005 was held outside Canada.

No fixed workplace address - Persons who do not go from home to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift. Such persons include building and landscape contractors, travelling salespersons, independent truck drivers, etc.

Worked at the address specified below - Persons who are not included in the categories described above and who report to the same (usual) workplace location at the beginning of each shift are included here. Respondents are asked to provide the street address, city, town, village, township, municipality or Indian reserve, province or territory and postal code of their workplace. If the full street address was not known, the name of the building or nearest street intersection could be substituted.

Teleworkers who spend less than one-half of their workweek working at their home office are asked to report the full address of their employer. Persons whose workplace location varied, but who reported regularly to an employer's address at the beginning of each shift, are asked to report the full address of the employer.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Industry

5261 Pension Funds

Census data for 5261 Pension Funds should be used with caution. Errors made during the coding of the industry data has resulted in an overestimate of this group for 2006. This error mainly affects the estimates for Quebec.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details industry - north american industry classification system 2002 , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the population 15 years and over in CornwallFootnote 1
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (227) Sex (3)
Total - Sex Male Female
Total labour force by age groupsFootnote 2 27,415 14,105 13,310
15 to 24 years 4,595 2,365 2,235
15 to 19 years 1,955 960 990
20 to 24 years 2,640 1,405 1,235
25 to 34 years 4,840 2,360 2,480
35 to 44 years 6,550 3,265 3,285
45 to 54 years 7,260 3,770 3,495
55 to 64 years 3,560 1,945 1,620
65 to 74 years 490 315 170
75 years and over 115 85 30
Total labour force by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 3 27,410 14,100 13,305
Non-movers 23,365 11,960 11,405
Movers 4,040 2,145 1,895
Non-migrants 2,565 1,365 1,200
Migrants 1,475 780 700
Internal migrants 1,395 740 655
Intraprovincial migrants 1,115 610 505
Interprovincial migrants 280 130 150
External migrants 80 40 45
Total labour force by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 4 27,405 14,100 13,305
Non-movers 15,715 8,315 7,405
Movers 11,690 5,785 5,905
Non-migrants 7,280 3,525 3,750
Migrants 4,415 2,260 2,155
Internal migrants 4,130 2,120 2,010
Intraprovincial migrants 3,280 1,705 1,575
Interprovincial migrants 850 415 430
External migrants 290 140 145
Total labour force by mother tongueFootnote 5 27,415 14,110 13,310
English 18,750 9,570 9,175
French 6,725 3,515 3,205
Non-official language 1,470 785 690
English and French 410 200 205
English and non-official language 50 30 25
French and non-official language 15 10 10
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0
Total experienced labour force by language used most often at workFootnote 6 26,905 13,910 12,995
English 24,270 12,730 11,540
French 1,605 675 925
Non-official language 55 30 25
English and French 955 460 495
English and non-official language 10 10 0
French and non-official language 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 0 0
Total labour force by immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 7 27,415 14,105 13,310
Non-immigrantsFootnote 8 25,450 13,125 12,325
ImmigrantsFootnote 9 1,930 955 970
Before 1991 1,160 570 585
1991 to 2000 520 250 275
1991 to 1995 295 135 165
1996 to 2000 225 115 105
2001 to 2006Footnote 10 245 135 115
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 11 40 25 10
Total labour force by visible minority groupsFootnote 12 27,415 14,105 13,310
Total visible minority populationFootnote 13 1,055 500 550
Chinese 155 60 95
South AsianFootnote 14 430 230 195
Black 135 50 80
Filipino 30 0 25
Latin American 40 25 20
Southeast AsianFootnote 15 50 20 35
Arab 140 70 70
West AsianFootnote 16 20 15 10
Korean 0 0 0
Japanese 10 0 0
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 17 20 0 10
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 18 25 20 0
Not a visible minorityFootnote 19 26,360 13,605 12,760
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 20 47,175 22,460 24,710
In the labour force 27,415 14,105 13,310
Employed 25,415 13,005 12,410
Unemployed 2,005 1,100 900
Not in the labour force 19,760 8,355 11,405
Total population 15 years and over by work activity in 2005Footnote 21 47,170 22,460 24,710
Did not work in 2005Footnote 22 18,525 7,630 10,890
Worked in 2005 28,645 14,830 13,815
1 to 13 weeks 2,150 980 1,170
14 to 26 weeks 2,370 1,160 1,210
27 to 39 weeks 2,030 1,065 965
40 to 48 weeks 3,400 1,755 1,650
49 to 52 weeks 18,705 9,870 8,830
Average weeks worked in 2005 43.6 44.1 43.1
Worked mostly full time in 2005 21,970 12,520 9,450
1 to 13 weeks 890 470 425
14 to 26 weeks 1,280 715 575
27 to 39 weeks 1,255 755 505
40 to 48 weeks 2,505 1,450 1,055
49 to 52 weeksFootnote 23 16,035 9,140 6,890
Average weeks worked mostly full time 46.3 46.4 46.1
Worked mostly part time in 2005 6,680 2,310 4,370
1 to 13 weeks 1,255 510 745
14 to 26 weeks 1,090 445 640
27 to 39 weeks 770 310 460
40 to 48 weeks 900 305 590
49 to 52 weeks 2,670 730 1,940
Average weeks worked mostly part time 35.0 31.9 36.7
Total labour force by class of workerFootnote 24 27,415 14,105 13,305
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 25 510 200 315
All classes of workerFootnote 26 26,900 13,905 12,995
Paid workers 25,230 12,870 12,355
Employees 24,675 12,470 12,200
Self-employed (incorporated) 555 400 155
Without paid help 165 105 60
With paid help 390 295 95
Self-employed (unincorporated) 1,635 1,015 620
Without paid help 1,115 690 425
With paid help 520 325 195
Unpaid family workers 40 20 15
Total employed labour force by hours worked in reference weekFootnote 27 25,415 13,005 12,405
No hours workedFootnote 28 1,170 545 620
Persons with hours workedFootnote 29 24,240 12,460 11,785
Fewer than 30 hours (part time) 4,665 1,655 3,015
1 to 19 hours 2,340 915 1,420
20 to 29 hours 2,330 745 1,590
30 hours or more (full time) 19,575 10,805 8,770
30 to 39 hours 5,010 1,775 3,235
40 hours 8,595 4,865 3,730
41 to 49 hours 2,680 1,725 945
50 hours or more 3,290 2,435 850
Average hours worked 37.6 40.6 34.4
Total employed labour force by place of work statusFootnote 30 25,410 13,005 12,410
Worked at home 1,080 585 495
Worked outside Canada 95 75 25
No fixed workplace address 2,025 1,440 585
Usual place of work 22,220 10,910 11,305
Total labour force by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 31 27,415 14,105 13,305
No certificate, diploma or degree 5,135 2,925 2,215
Certificate, diploma or degree 22,275 11,185 11,095
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 32 8,805 4,565 4,240
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,895 1,965 925
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 33 7,045 3,045 3,995
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 34 645 255 390
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 35 2,895 1,350 1,550
Bachelor's degree 1,805 885 920
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 520 135 380
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 110 75 40
Master's degree 405 220 185
Earned doctorate 60 35 30
Total labour force by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 36 27,415 14,110 13,310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 13,945 7,490 6,450
Education 990 235 755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 375 200 180
Humanities 465 210 260
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,230 390 840
Business, management and public administration 2,895 1,095 1,795
Physical and life sciences and technologies 280 155 120
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 375 220 155
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 3,100 2,910 195
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 220 135 85
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 2,345 465 1,885
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,200 595 600
Other fields of studyFootnote 37 0 0 0
Total labour force by location of studyFootnote 38 27,415 14,110 13,310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 13,940 7,490 6,450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 13,475 6,615 6,855
Inside Canada 12,745 6,230 6,515
Outside Canada 730 385 340
Total labour force by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 39 27,415 14,105 13,305
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 40 515 200 310
All occupationsFootnote 41 26,900 13,910 12,990
A Management occupations 2,040 1,260 785
A0 Senior management occupations 120 70 50
A1 Specialist managers 400 255 145
A2 Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services 845 480 365
A3 Other managers, n.e.c. 675 450 225
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 5,005 1,615 3,390
B0 Professional occupations in business and finance 340 180 155
B1 Finance and insurance administrative occupations 225 70 155
B2 Secretaries 445 10 440
B3 Administrative and regulatory occupations 475 105 365
B4 Clerical supervisors 145 60 80
B5 Clerical occupations 3,380 1,185 2,195
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,025 830 195
C0 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences 355 285 70
C1 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences 665 545 125
D Health occupations 1,535 280 1,260
D0 Professional occupations in health 145 90 60
D1 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses 490 35 455
D2 Technical and related occupations in health 355 90 265
D3 Assisting occupations in support of health services 540 60 475
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 2,115 595 1,520
E0 Judges, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, ministers of religion, and policy and program officers 455 225 225
E1 Teachers and professors 1,070 310 755
E2 Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c. 595 55 545
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 580 290 285
F0 Professional occupations in art and culture 200 120 80
F1 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 375 170 205
G Sales and service occupations 6,985 2,800 4,185
G0 Sales and service supervisors 255 105 155
G1 Wholesale, technical, insurance, real estate sales specialists, and retail, wholesale and grain buyers 345 235 110
G2 Retail salespersons and sales clerks 1,350 495 855
G3 Cashiers 535 60 475
G4 Chefs and cooks 275 160 120
G5 Occupations in food and beverage service 380 75 300
G6 Occupations in protective services 555 440 115
G7 Occupations in travel and accommodation, including attendants in recreation and sport 220 110 115
G8 Childcare and home support workers 565 75 490
G9 Sales and service occupations, n.e.c. 2,500 1,045 1,455
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 4,485 4,040 440
H0 Contractors and supervisors in trades and transportation 200 195 10
H1 Construction trades 585 570 15
H2 Stationary engineers, power station operators and electrical trades and telecommunications occupations 220 220 0
H3 Machinists, metal forming, shaping and erecting occupations 330 300 30
H4 Mechanics 625 610 15
H5 Other trades, n.e.c. 240 220 25
H6 Heavy equipment and crane operators, including drillers 125 115 10
H7 Transportation equipment operators and related workers, excluding labourers 1,180 1,005 170
H8 Trades helpers, construction, and transportation labourers and related occupations 975 805 170
I Occupations unique to primary industry 470 400 70
I0 Occupations unique to agriculture, excluding labourers 240 195 45
I1 Occupations unique to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction, and fishing, excluding labourers 15 20 0
I2 Primary production labourers 215 185 30
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 2,660 1,800 860
J0 Supervisors in manufacturing 165 145 25
J1 Machine operators in manufacturing 1,005 670 340
J2 Assemblers in manufacturing 700 435 270
J3 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities 785 555 225
Total - Employment income and work activityFootnote 42 47,175 22,465 24,710
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 43 19,785 8,310 11,475
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 44 15,550 8,860 6,690
Average employment income $ 41,167 45,804 35,025
Median employment income $ 35,987 41,190 30,975
Standard error of average employment income $ 475 709 540
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 45 11,840 5,290 6,545
Average employment income $ 18,525 22,532 15,286
Median employment income $ 11,580 12,568 10,960
Standard error of average employment income $ 738 1,570 384

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Data quality index showing, for the short census questionnaire (100% data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.

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Footnote 2

Age
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 16, 2006). This variable is derived from Date of birth.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 4

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 5

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 6

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 7

Landed immigrant status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether or not the person is a landed immigrant in Canada. Landed immigrants are people who have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

Non-immigrant population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most were born in Canada, a small number of them were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

Immigrant population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people who are, or have been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada.

Non-permanent resident
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people from another country who had a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants at the time of the census, and family members living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to ranges of years based on the year of immigration question. Year of immigration refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

Year of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 8

Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

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Footnote 9

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 10

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 11

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 14

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 15

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 16

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 17

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition:
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition:
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).
Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

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Footnote 21

Work activity in 2005
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2005 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week).
The term 'full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in 2005 for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 22

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, or persons who worked in 2006 only.

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Footnote 23

Persons in this category are also referred to as full-year, full-time workers.

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Footnote 24

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 25

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 26

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 27

Hours worked for pay or in self-employment
Part A - Plain language definition
Actual number of hours that persons worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs they held during the week of May 7 to 13, 2006.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the actual number of hours that persons worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). This includes hours worked for wages, salaries, tips, commissions, piece-rate payments or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money). Hours worked in one's own business, farm or professional practice or hours worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice, owned or operated by a relative living in the same household are also included.
Excluded are hours during which the respondent was absent, with or without pay, for part of the week because of illness, vacation, or other reasons.

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Footnote 28

Refers to employed persons who were absent from their job in the reference week.

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Footnote 29

Refers to employed persons who worked one or more hours in the reference week.

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Footnote 30

Place of work status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of people aged 15 or over who worked at some point between January 1, 2005 and May 16, 2006 (Census Day), according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 31

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 32

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 33

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 34

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 35

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 36

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 37

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 38

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 39

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.

For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 40

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 41

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 42

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 43

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 44

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 45

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006006.

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