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2011 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations

Topic-based tabulation: Selected Demographic and Language Characteristics (375), First Official Language Spoken (4A), Mother Tongue (4A), Age Groups (8B) and Sex (3) for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 Census

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Mother tongue (4A)^{Footnote 1}

Age groups (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic and language characteristics , first official language spoken , mother tongue , age groups and sex for the population excluding institutional residents in Canada^{Footnote 2}
Selected Demographic and Language Characteristics (375)	First official language spoken (4A)
Selected Demographic and Language Characteristics (375)	First official language spoken - Total population excluding institutional residents^Footnote 3	English	French	English and French
Age groups - Total population excluding institutional residents	33,121,175	24,662,900	7,507,890	367,635
0 to 4 years	1,875,660	1,366,180	398,200	14,770
5 to 9 years	1,808,725	1,402,185	374,110	21,305
10 to 14 years	1,917,680	1,491,495	389,715	32,410
15 to 19 years	2,171,925	1,676,755	455,705	35,475
20 to 24 years	2,179,795	1,693,465	448,455	30,205
25 to 29 years	2,160,670	1,666,780	452,760	28,915
30 to 34 years	2,153,855	1,611,345	495,380	32,580
35 to 39 years	2,164,810	1,648,625	463,520	33,360
40 to 44 years	2,314,090	1,768,045	487,610	30,870
45 to 49 years	2,661,320	1,989,875	607,625	25,520
50 to 54 years	2,644,415	1,937,055	646,910	20,700
55 to 59 years	2,326,495	1,684,145	582,715	16,650
60 to 64 years	2,038,645	1,463,855	514,325	13,960
65 to 69 years	1,508,175	1,047,395	405,695	10,175
70 to 74 years	1,135,370	788,920	286,590	8,400
75 to 79 years	893,275	614,750	222,005	6,105
80 to 84 years	651,430	449,380	158,730	3,805
85 years and over	514,840	362,640	117,830	2,435
Median age^{Footnote 4}	40.3	39.3	42.9	33.2
Total population 15 years and over by marital status^{Footnote 5}	27,519,110	20,403,035	6,345,860	299,155
Married or living with a common-law partner	16,027,280	11,875,115	3,671,170	164,395
Married (and not separated)	12,884,755	10,161,515	2,263,580	150,345
Living common law	3,142,525	1,713,600	1,407,585	14,055
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	11,491,825	8,527,920	2,674,690	134,755
Single (never legally married)	7,699,415	5,788,655	1,775,595	107,345
Separated	688,810	561,730	109,040	5,600
Divorced	1,663,070	1,187,625	438,925	14,280
Widowed	1,440,540	989,900	351,120	7,525
Knowledge of official languages - Total population excluding institutional residents^{Footnote 6}	33,121,175	24,662,895	7,507,885	367,635
English only	22,564,670	22,564,670	0	0
French only	4,165,015	0	4,165,015	0
English and French	5,795,570	2,087,610	3,340,550	367,410
Neither English nor French	595,920	10,620	2,320	225
Mother Tongue - Total population excluding institutional residents	33,121,175	24,662,895	7,507,890	367,635
Single responses	32,481,635	24,175,700	7,403,860	319,315
English	18,858,980	18,852,740	6,240	0
French	7,054,970	50,620	7,004,350	0
Non-official languages	6,567,685	5,272,345	393,270	319,315
Selected Aboriginal languages^{Footnote 7}	177,360	148,390	13,190	6,125
Atikamekw	5,815	0	5,010	155
Cree, n.o.s.	77,900	72,315	230	3,145
Dene	11,220	10,735	5	5
Innu/Montagnais	10,785	1,980	7,255	840
Inuktitut	33,500	26,075	640	1,805
Mi'kmaq	7,635	7,455	30	100
Ojibway	17,625	17,300	20	50
Oji-Cree	9,835	9,515	0	10
Stoney	3,045	3,025	5	10
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^{Footnote 8}	6,312,430	5,059,870	372,510	310,475
African languages, n.i.e.	9,130	7,885	785	200
Afrikaans	8,770	8,540	20	125
Akan (Twi)	12,680	12,075	70	365
Albanian	23,820	19,515	1,145	1,225
Amharic	18,025	16,835	135	475
Arabic	327,870	177,115	85,755	45,010
Armenian	29,790	16,495	2,300	9,245
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	7,150	5,010	1,715	315
Bengali	59,365	51,485	915	3,915
Berber languages (Kabyle)	5,850	110	4,880	635
Bisayan languages	16,240	15,900	70	120
Bosnian	11,690	9,510	965	560
Bulgarian	19,050	12,205	2,280	3,755
Burmese	2,985	2,690	10	30
Cantonese	372,465	281,560	1,940	5,760
Chinese, n.o.s.	425,210	326,100	7,610	13,160
Creoles	61,725	7,565	44,485	7,645
Croatian	49,735	46,460	685	1,130
Czech	23,580	21,970	455	620
Danish	14,145	14,010	25	90
Dutch	110,485	107,330	1,160	1,560
Estonian	6,385	6,180	20	150
Finnish	17,415	17,005	70	105
Flemish	4,695	4,035	430	210
Fukien	5,925	4,350	10	30
German	409,195	387,070	4,535	5,115
Greek	108,925	92,085	1,895	8,050
Gujarati	91,450	80,740	480	2,100
Hakka	5,115	4,215	55	85
Hebrew	18,455	16,585	415	1,120
Hindi	90,545	85,585	170	1,280
Hungarian	67,920	60,970	1,330	2,155
Ilocano	17,910	17,350	15	200
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,255	4,490	170	185
Italian	407,485	326,435	30,460	22,280
Japanese	39,985	36,260	510	655
Khmer (Cambodian)	19,440	10,050	5,140	1,850
Korean	137,925	118,850	390	2,835
Kurdish	9,805	7,985	385	415
Lao	12,970	8,025	2,875	1,020
Latvian	6,205	5,920	30	190
Lingala	3,085	255	2,550	245
Lithuanian	7,245	6,860	80	205
Macedonian	17,245	16,060	55	325
Malay	10,910	10,400	90	135
Malayalam	16,080	15,385	30	140
Maltese	6,225	6,145	10	30
Mandarin	248,705	195,810	1,940	5,725
Marathi	5,835	5,550	5	120
Nepali	8,485	6,495	145	375
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	14,070	8,780	4,430	610
Norwegian	5,800	5,675	40	65
Oromo	11,135	3,520	6,010	1,040
Panjabi (Punjabi)	430,705	352,240	745	7,080
Pashto	12,460	10,440	190	485
Persian (Farsi)	170,045	140,650	4,655	10,975
Polish	191,645	172,815	3,830	7,350
Portuguese	211,335	160,250	18,000	10,140
Romanian	90,300	51,315	12,555	21,735
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,975	515	2,630	705
Russian	164,330	131,700	7,105	13,040
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	3,895	1,010	2,090	700
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	16,975	14,280	70	220
Serbian	56,420	48,990	1,125	3,335
Serbo-Croatian	10,155	7,895	970	910
Shanghainese	2,925	1,925	20	55
Sign languages, n.i.e.	3,810	1,530	210	25
Sindhi	11,330	10,595	45	250
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,185	13,650	25	210
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	4,365	2,915	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,630	3,290	125	100
Slovak	17,585	16,430	290	430
Slovenian	10,780	10,465	95	130
Somali	31,385	26,195	1,180	1,790
Spanish	410,670	259,885	74,305	46,145
Swahili	10,090	6,675	2,265	780
Swedish	7,345	7,045	115	160
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino)	327,450	321,460	320	2,180
Taiwanese	9,635	7,600	45	190
Tamil	131,265	113,995	1,085	4,975
Telugu	9,320	8,885	10	120
Thai	7,935	6,810	280	120
Tibetan languages	4,635	4,020	20	85
Tigrigna	10,220	9,380	65	195
Turkish	29,640	21,915	2,845	2,250
Ukrainian	111,540	105,470	945	2,395
Urdu	172,800	157,970	820	4,250
Vietnamese	144,880	102,430	11,165	10,550
Yiddish	15,205	11,760	65	1,385
Other languages^{Footnote 9}	77,890	64,080	7,575	2,715
Multiple responses	639,540	487,190	104,020	48,320
English and French	144,685	71,085	35,945	37,655
English and non-official language	396,330	395,595	740	0
French and non-official language	74,430	10,645	63,785	0
English, French and non-official language	24,095	9,870	3,555	10,670
Detailed language spoken most often at home - Total population excluding institutional residents^{Footnote 10}	33,121,175	24,662,895	7,507,890	367,635
Single responses	31,958,800	23,751,890	7,331,685	292,470
English	21,457,075	21,050,485	406,595	0
French	6,827,865	76,675	6,751,185	0
Non-official languages	3,673,865	2,624,735	173,910	292,470
Selected Aboriginal languages^{Footnote 11}	114,610	87,260	11,650	6,055
Atikamekw	5,365	5	4,560	150
Cree, n.o.s.	44,525	39,025	170	3,120
Dene	7,965	7,485	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	9,630	1,810	6,275	835
Inuktitut	27,170	19,825	600	1,780
Mi'kmaq	4,165	3,985	30	95
Ojibway	6,850	6,535	10	50
Oji-Cree	6,870	6,550	0	10
Stoney	2,070	2,045	0	15
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^{Footnote 12}	3,531,990	2,517,340	160,195	284,375
African languages, n.i.e.	4,130	3,635	115	165
Afrikaans	4,465	4,250	5	125
Akan (Twi)	6,545	6,020	25	330
Albanian	13,765	10,185	570	1,085
Amharic	10,765	9,725	55	385
Arabic	181,790	91,195	30,150	40,090
Armenian	19,145	7,405	1,225	8,770
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	1,810	1,375	155	185
Bengali	42,065	34,920	530	3,580
Berber languages (Kabyle)	1,990	30	1,200	540
Bisayan languages	5,390	5,220	5	60
Bosnian	6,705	4,950	585	515
Bulgarian	12,080	6,325	1,355	3,590
Burmese	1,895	1,585	5	20
Cantonese	288,620	192,710	915	5,585
Chinese, n.o.s.	297,295	205,915	5,090	12,355
Creoles	25,475	2,355	14,025	7,045
Croatian	18,735	16,035	205	1,030
Czech	7,420	6,255	80	540
Danish	940	850	0	65
Dutch	11,530	9,650	75	1,375
Estonian	1,450	1,275	0	135
Finnish	3,330	3,015	5	85
Flemish	455	235	25	175
Fukien	1,900	1,270	5	10
German	126,375	108,570	685	4,420
Greek	47,705	33,045	480	7,280
Gujarati	55,725	45,635	180	1,850
Hakka	2,050	1,495	5	40
Hebrew	8,395	6,650	265	1,120
Hindi	47,080	42,235	60	1,155
Hungarian	22,950	17,475	295	1,750
Ilocano	6,160	5,780	5	105
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,285	1,775	70	120
Italian	139,480	77,970	15,055	18,245
Japanese	18,845	15,580	145	605
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,325	4,995	2,370	1,605
Korean	104,900	86,125	205	2,735
Kurdish	6,000	4,660	145	315
Lao	6,985	3,770	1,240	915
Latvian	1,630	1,380	5	185
Lingala	880	60	575	205
Lithuanian	2,115	1,835	5	185
Macedonian	7,775	6,650	30	300
Malay	3,945	3,590	10	100
Malayalam	7,955	7,300	5	125
Maltese	1,330	1,265	0	30
Mandarin	203,280	149,670	1,305	5,685
Marathi	2,800	2,545	0	105
Nepali	6,325	4,375	120	355
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,785	2,460	635	445
Norwegian	570	495	5	50
Oromo	4,750	2,155	1,250	810
Panjabi (Punjabi)	317,070	240,030	425	6,420
Pashto	8,700	6,855	135	445
Persian (Farsi)	118,830	91,905	2,595	10,310
Polish	85,205	69,815	1,085	6,670
Portuguese	97,210	58,290	6,995	9,000
Romanian	54,460	22,190	6,740	20,825
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,335	165	500	560
Russian	109,735	79,605	4,680	12,780
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	1,185	210	330	545
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	11,670	9,285	25	180
Serbian	34,880	27,975	675	3,230
Serbo-Croatian	5,045	3,350	480	825
Shanghainese	1,325	800	5	35
Sign languages, n.i.e.	6,305	3,405	620	50
Sindhi	4,870	4,220	25	210
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	6,850	6,365	10	180
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	3,525	2,210	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,135	895	40	95
Slovak	5,370	4,545	35	375
Slovenian	2,475	2,295	10	100
Somali	21,665	17,310	575	1,570
Spanish	252,020	136,525	41,340	43,680
Swahili	4,170	2,410	740	650
Swedish	1,130	945	20	145
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	161,075	155,415	95	1,960
Taiwanese	4,830	3,480	15	130
Tamil	98,945	82,180	885	4,685
Telugu	5,210	4,795	5	110
Thai	3,215	2,340	60	105
Tibetan languages	3,620	3,015	10	85
Tigrigna	5,975	5,265	25	155
Turkish	18,705	12,260	1,840	2,055
Ukrainian	25,570	20,625	365	2,115
Urdu	113,785	99,130	445	3,940
Vietnamese	104,965	67,770	6,785	10,125
Yiddish	6,865	3,540	45	1,355
Other languages^{Footnote 13}	27,265	20,135	2,060	2,040
Multiple responses	1,162,370	911,000	176,200	75,165
English and French	131,205	26,050	59,285	45,865
English and non-official language	875,135	872,605	2,530	0
French and non-official language	109,700	4,165	105,535	0
English, French and non-official language	46,330	8,180	8,845	29,300
Detailed other language spoken regularly at home - Total population excluding institutional residents^{Footnote 14}	33,121,175	24,662,900	7,507,890	367,635
None	28,418,595	21,236,540	6,459,715	185,580
Single responses	4,554,525	3,350,585	1,013,245	145,595
English	1,910,475	1,261,415	549,880	76,805
French	678,940	346,495	275,220	54,335
Non-official languages	1,965,105	1,742,675	188,140	14,455
Selected Aboriginal languages^{Footnote 15}	62,935	61,205	1,665	55
Atikamekw	470	5	460	0
Cree, n.o.s.	32,750	32,580	140	25
Dene	3,245	3,235	5	5
Innu/Montagnais	1,065	170	885	10
Inuktitut	7,235	7,120	100	5
Mi'kmaq	3,135	3,105	30	5
Ojibway	10,870	10,830	35	5
Oji-Cree	3,300	3,300	0	0
Stoney	865	860	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^{Footnote 16}	1,857,185	1,643,445	180,355	14,070
African languages, n.i.e.	3,625	2,885	690	20
Afrikaans	4,185	4,160	20	0
Akan (Twi)	6,105	6,060	25	20
Albanian	6,155	5,810	290	30
Amharic	5,660	5,480	75	45
Arabic	116,375	69,165	44,515	1,855
Armenian	6,690	5,685	705	240
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	3,595	2,335	1,185	55
Bengali	11,405	11,110	195	80
Berber languages (Kabyle)	2,040	35	1,990	20
Bisayan languages	4,015	3,975	20	15
Bosnian	3,365	3,070	265	15
Bulgarian	3,985	3,390	530	50
Burmese	860	795	0	0
Cantonese	83,955	81,095	745	230
Chinese, n.o.s.	74,935	71,345	2,175	330
Creoles	44,100	7,110	36,350	615
Croatian	19,045	18,725	245	55
Czech	7,540	7,320	170	25
Danish	4,800	4,770	20	10
Dutch	34,465	33,990	405	65
Estonian	2,240	2,225	10	5
Finnish	5,675	5,620	40	5
Flemish	995	895	90	15
Fukien	2,320	1,615	5	10
German	117,070	113,750	2,665	490
Greek	50,675	49,280	995	315
Gujarati	25,635	25,180	245	90
Hakka	1,495	1,260	25	35
Hebrew	14,265	12,760	950	325
Hindi	55,370	53,395	185	370
Hungarian	19,130	18,585	345	150
Ilocano	4,880	4,800	0	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,850	1,630	70	50
Italian	156,885	146,350	8,695	1,695
Japanese	19,045	18,230	605	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,425	3,245	1,910	110
Korean	22,870	22,595	155	35
Kurdish	2,295	1,985	125	40
Lao	3,830	2,685	1,050	20
Latvian	1,885	1,860	10	5
Lingala	4,235	175	3,970	80
Lithuanian	2,120	2,070	25	15
Macedonian	5,950	5,860	25	20
Malay	4,320	4,190	65	20
Malayalam	6,110	6,100	0	5
Maltese	2,405	2,400	5	0
Mandarin	47,780	43,260	675	235
Marathi	1,745	1,735	5	5
Nepali	1,175	1,145	5	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10,610	7,410	3,135	65
Norwegian	1,935	1,890	35	10
Oromo	3,315	830	2,420	55
Panjabi (Punjabi)	83,180	82,015	150	310
Pashto	2,315	2,160	20	35
Persian (Farsi)	32,270	30,630	1,155	255
Polish	54,585	52,955	1,310	185
Portuguese	77,850	70,800	6,515	455
Romanian	20,800	16,930	3,335	425
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,925	180	1,675	65
Russian	38,800	34,865	2,225	810
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	1,810	470	1,270	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,685	3,360	25	25
Serbian	14,885	14,455	315	50
Serbo-Croatian	2,565	2,270	270	15
Shanghainese	1,045	695	10	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	4,300	3,825	440	15
Sindhi	4,930	4,830	45	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	6,060	6,015	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	465	380	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	970	905	55	10
Slovak	5,150	5,015	100	15
Slovenian	3,410	3,390	15	5
Somali	9,725	8,885	725	60
Spanish	152,210	115,990	34,250	1,635
Swahili	6,860	4,725	1,900	170
Swedish	3,510	3,350	135	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	107,960	107,635	115	140
Taiwanese	4,065	3,130	5	65
Tamil	27,625	27,275	265	65
Telugu	2,555	2,540	0	10
Thai	3,375	3,140	170	30
Tibetan languages	600	585	10	0
Tigrigna	3,330	3,235	25	25
Turkish	7,815	6,710	630	165
Ukrainian	32,740	31,945	260	185
Urdu	45,580	44,715	250	200
Vietnamese	32,285	26,750	3,455	310
Yiddish	3,510	3,400	45	25
Other languages^{Footnote 17}	44,990	38,025	6,125	330
Multiple responses	148,055	75,770	34,930	36,460
English and French	40,280	2,990	3,105	33,785
English and non-official language	49,905	21,265	27,255	980
French and non-official language	56,385	51,355	4,480	480
English, French and non-official language	1,480	165	85	1,220
First official language spoken - Total population excluding institutional residents^{Footnote 18}	33,121,175	24,662,895	7,507,890	367,635
English	24,662,895	24,662,895	0	0
French	7,507,890	0	7,507,885	0
English and French	367,635	0	0	367,635
Neither English nor French	582,755	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 19}	7,691,705	0	7,507,890	183,815
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 20}	23.2	0.0	100.0	50.0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

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Footnote 4

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

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Footnote 5

Marital status
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.
Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.
Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.
Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.
Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.
Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 6

Total population excluding institutional residents. The population excluding institutional residents includes Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants (permanent residents) excluding those who live in institutions (institutional collective dwellings). Canadian citizens and landed immigrants either: (1) have a usual place of residence in Canada; (2) are abroad either on a military base or attached to a diplomatic mission; or (3) are at sea or in port aboard merchant vessels under Canadian registry or Canadian government vessels. Since 1991, the target population also includes persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who are claiming refugee status, who hold study permits, or who hold work permits, as well as family members living with them; for census purposes, this group is referred to as non-permanent residents. The population universe does not include foreign residents.

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Footnote 7

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 Census of Population.

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Footnote 8

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 Census of Population.

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Footnote 9

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix D in the 2011 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 10

Total population excluding institutional residents
The population excluding institutional residents includes Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants (permanent residents) excluding those who live in institutions (institutional collective dwellings). Canadian citizens and landed immigrants either: (1) have a usual place of residence in Canada; (2) are abroad either on a military base or attached to a diplomatic mission; or (3) are at sea or in port aboard merchant vessels under Canadian registry or Canadian government vessels. Since 1991, the target population also includes persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who are claiming refugee status, who hold study permits, or who hold work permits, as well as family members living with them; for census purposes, this group is referred to as non-permanent residents. The population universe does not include foreign residents.

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Footnote 11

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 Census of Population.

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Footnote 12

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Footnote 13

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Footnote 14

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Footnote 15

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 Census of Population.

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Footnote 16

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Footnote 17

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Footnote 18

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Footnote 19

English is the first official language spoken by Quebec's official language minority, which consists of all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. French is the first official language spoken by the official language minority in the country overall and in every province and territory outside Quebec, which consists of all individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 20

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-314-XCB2011058.

Date modified:: 2020-04-18

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