Data tables, 2016 Census

Low-income Indicators (4), Individual Low-income Status (6), Age (14) and Census Family and Household Type Characteristics of Persons (31) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 100% Data

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This table details low-income indicators , individual low-income status , age and census family and household type characteristics of persons for the population in private households in Canada
Data quality
Census family and household type characteristics of persons (31) Individual low-income status (6)
Total - Individual low-income statusFootnote 2 Low-income status - not applicableFootnote 3 Low-income status - applicable In low income Not in low income Prevalence of low income (%)Footnote 4
Total - Persons by census family characteristics including sex of lone parentFootnote 5 34,460,065 491,770 33,968,300 4,809,940 29,158,360 14.2
Persons in census families 28,352,805 416,770 27,936,035 3,192,915 24,743,115 11.4
Persons in couple census families 24,263,125 290,765 23,972,360 2,080,540 21,891,820 8.7
Persons in lone-parent census families 4,089,680 126,005 3,963,675 1,112,385 2,851,290 28.1
In a male lone-parent census family 852,800 32,830 819,970 157,630 662,340 19.2
In female lone-parent census family 3,236,880 93,180 3,143,700 954,750 2,188,950 30.4
Persons not in census families 6,107,260 74,990 6,032,265 1,617,020 4,415,245 26.8
Total - Persons by census family characteristics including number of children aged 0 to 17Footnote 6 34,460,065 491,765 33,968,300 4,809,940 29,158,360 14.2
Persons in census families 28,352,800 416,770 27,936,030 3,192,920 24,743,115 11.4
In a couple census family with children aged 0 to 17 years 12,061,425 188,850 11,872,570 1,238,105 10,634,470 10.4
One child 4,012,855 49,860 3,963,000 346,220 3,616,780 8.7
Two children 5,235,625 54,155 5,181,470 454,395 4,727,075 8.8
Three or more children 2,812,950 84,840 2,728,105 437,490 2,290,615 16.0
In a lone-parent census family with children aged 0 to 17 years 2,493,030 95,755 2,397,280 875,280 1,521,995 36.5
One child 1,162,925 34,300 1,128,620 332,890 795,735 29.5
Two children 870,035 25,675 844,360 311,450 532,905 36.9
Three or more children 460,065 35,770 424,300 230,945 193,350 54.4
Persons not in census familiesFootnote 7 6,107,260 74,990 6,032,270 1,617,020 4,415,245 26.8
Persons living alone 3,969,790 34,445 3,935,345 1,260,775 2,674,570 32.0
Persons living with other relativesFootnote 8 793,715 28,435 765,275 115,250 650,025 15.1
Persons living with non-relatives only 1,343,755 12,110 1,331,645 240,995 1,090,655 18.1
Total - Persons by household type including census family structureFootnote 9 34,460,060 491,765 33,968,295 4,809,940 29,158,360 14.2
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons 24,835,785 280,385 24,555,400 2,926,860 21,628,535 11.9
In a couple census family without other persons in the household 21,641,340 215,830 21,425,515 1,925,290 19,500,225 9.0
In a lone-parent census family without other persons in the household 3,194,440 64,555 3,129,885 1,001,570 2,128,315 32.0
Persons in other census-family householdsFootnote 10 4,314,025 161,875 4,152,150 341,650 3,810,495 8.2
In a couple census family with other persons in the household 2,621,785 74,935 2,546,845 155,245 2,391,600 6.1
In a lone-parent census family with other persons in the household 895,240 61,455 833,785 110,810 722,975 13.3
Not in a census family, living with persons who are in a census family 797,005 25,490 771,520 75,590 695,925 9.8
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households 1,340,465 15,055 1,325,405 280,655 1,044,755 21.2
Persons living alone (one-person households) 3,969,790 34,445 3,935,345 1,260,775 2,674,570 32.0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

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Symbol ...

not applicable

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Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

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Footnote 2

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 3

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

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Footnote 4

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 5

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family.

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Footnote 6

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Child presence any age.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household living arrangements of persons not in census families.

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Footnote 8

Includes foster children.

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Footnote 9

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type; Census family.

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Footnote 10

Persons living in one-census-family households with additional persons and persons in multiple-census-family households.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016124.

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