Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Calgary Alberta [Population centre]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Map : Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,237,656	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,094,379 ^r	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.1	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	489,271	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	466,391	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,111.8	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	586.08	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,237,650	617,210	620,440	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	226,580	116,325	110,255	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	77,820	39,975	37,840	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	79,230	40,790	38,440	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	69,530	35,560	33,970	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	872,320	437,655	434,665	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	69,630	35,685	33,940	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	78,480	39,740	38,735	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	99,950	49,625	50,325	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	109,160	54,535	54,630	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	100,160	49,720	50,445	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	93,220	46,670	46,545	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	87,690	44,345	43,345	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	86,785	43,525	43,255	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	82,155	41,160	40,995	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	65,095	32,645	32,450	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	138,750	63,230	75,520	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	48,950	23,915	25,035	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	31,665	15,070	16,590	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	22,775	10,250	12,530	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	17,360	7,505	9,860	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	18,000	6,495	11,500	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	11,505	4,530	6,975	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	4,985	1,605	3,375	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	1,355	345	1,010	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	165	20	145	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	18.8	17.8	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	70.5	70.9	70.1	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	11.2	10.2	12.2	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	37.6	37.0	38.2	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.1	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	466,395	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	262,430	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	32,885	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	169,050	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	29,430	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	44,710	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,860	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	72,850	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,025	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	466,390	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	114,185	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	150,775	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	78,405	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	75,220	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	47,805	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,221,000	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,011,070	500,885	510,185	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	595,925	298,785	297,135	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	506,035	253,695	252,340	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	89,885	45,090	44,795	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	415,150	202,105	213,050	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	292,725	160,265	132,465	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	22,220	9,685	12,540	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	62,225	24,230	37,995	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	37,970	7,925	30,045	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	336,770	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	155,450	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	75,845	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	74,685	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	30,785	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	336,770	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	289,225	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	244,295	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	44,935	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	47,545	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	37,050	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	10,495	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	289,225	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	126,065	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	163,160	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	62,340	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	71,235	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	29,585	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	47,545	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	29,385	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	13,505	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	4,650	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	219,475	112,410	107,070	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	466,395	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	309,995	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	115,155	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	194,840	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	12,900	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	143,500	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	114,185	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	29,320	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	1,107,090	558,230	548,855	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	1,165	505	655	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	89,335	41,345	47,990	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	29,190	11,970	17,220	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	1,171,870	587,145	584,725	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	18,945	9,585	9,355	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	7,390	3,665	3,730	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	28,575	11,660	16,915	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	22,640	11,420	11,220	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	1,188,730	593,530	595,195	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	824,410	417,710	406,695	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	806,275	408,530	397,750	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	18,135	9,185	8,950	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	364,320	175,820	188,500	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	695	250	440	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	490	185	300	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	225	85	135	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	195	80	115	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	50	20	30	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	5	50	20	35
Woods Cree	5	5	10	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	125	55	70	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	10	50	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	5	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	50	10	45	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	50	20	35	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	40	10	30
Gwich'in	5	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	20	5	15	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	5	0	5	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	5	5	0	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	80	45	35
Salish languages	5	5	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	90	25	70	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	20	5	15	350	165	185
Stoney	70	20	50	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	363,630	175,570	188,060	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	28,940	15,185	13,760	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	130	75	55	340	190	145
Kabyle	60	30	30	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	40	25	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	2,465	1,225	1,240	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	50	30	20	315	185	130
Oromo	940	485	455	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	1,460	705	755	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	20	20
Semitic languages	26,300	13,855	12,450	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	4,045	1,950	2,090	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	18,355	9,860	8,495	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	280	150	130	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	145	80	65
Harari	70	40	30	260	135	120
Hebrew	480	240	245	960	505	460
Maltese	35	15	15	75	30	40
Tigrigna	2,750	1,460	1,290	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	205	105	110	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,365	6,235	7,125	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	835	400	435	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	12,520	5,830	6,685	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	46,370	20,125	26,240	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	190	85	105	425	205	225
Cebuano	1,925	820	1,100	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	40	20	15	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	665	260	400	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	2,540	1,110	1,435	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	20	5	15	35	10	25
Malay	760	330	425	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	260	125	130	765	370	390
Pangasinan	125	50	70	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	39,235	17,045	22,185	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	140	65	75	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	475	200	275	980	430	550
Creole languages	605	305	300	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	415	205	210	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	180	90	85	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	5,125	2,670	2,460	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	285	145	140	535	270	265
Malayalam	2,075	1,065	1,010	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	1,805	955	855	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	930	490	440	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	90	45	45	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	175,190	86,705	88,485	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	1,325	700	630	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	245	130	120	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	29,575	13,830	15,745	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	495	235	260	1,010	475	535
Latvian	165	80	95	415	195	220
Lithuanian	325	155	170	600	285	315
Slavic languages	29,080	13,600	15,485	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	20	10	10	65	30	30
Bosnian	780	390	395	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	925	475	450	1,545	790	755
Croatian	1,890	930	960	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	1,360	640	720	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	150	75	75	360	185	175
Polish	7,670	3,610	4,060	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	9,255	4,185	5,070	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	1,815	910	905	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	515	250	265	970	480	485
Slovak	1,070	520	555	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	100	135	695	320	370
Ukrainian	3,350	1,485	1,860	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	215	120	100
Celtic languages	115	60	60	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	25	135	70	65
Welsh	55	30	25	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	15,710	7,520	8,185	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	805	400	410	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	755	385	370	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	3,455	1,725	1,725	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	35	15	15	360	200	160
German	9,925	4,665	5,255	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	65	35	30	115	55	60
Norwegian	220	95	130	815	370	445
Swedish	275	120	155	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	90	45	50	320	150	170
Yiddish	85	35	40	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	55	30	25
Greek	1,470	740	735	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	86,810	43,990	42,820	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	74,000	37,325	36,675	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	4,045	2,070	1,970	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	5,375	2,705	2,670	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	7,025	3,580	3,440	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	80	45	35	105	60	50
Konkani	165	80	85	370	190	185
Marathi	840	430	410	1,510	775	730
Nepali	1,925	1,010	915	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	100	50	45	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35,585	17,915	17,675	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	1,665	780	885	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	925	450	470	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	16,275	8,200	8,075	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	11,875	6,170	5,700	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	740	395	345	1,550	845	705
Pashto	1,610	825	785	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	9,525	4,950	4,575	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	445	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	39,935	19,740	20,190	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	45	20	25	75	30	45
Italian	4,995	2,545	2,450	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	3,360	1,595	1,760	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	4,495	2,285	2,205	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	27,030	13,290	13,740	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	35	20	15
Japanese	2,305	815	1,495	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	130	75	55	230	130	105
Georgian	130	70	55	230	130	100
Korean	8,875	4,105	4,770	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	450	210	240	545	255	290
Mongolian	445	210	235	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	5,575	2,860	2,715	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	640	335	305	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	15	5	5	35	20	15
Edo	100	65	35	275	155	120
Ewe	55	35	25	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	45	40	230	120	100
Ga	55	25	25	145	80	65
Ganda	40	15	20	280	145	135
Igbo	680	360	320	1,165	625	540
Lingala	85	40	45	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	70	75	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	60	60	805	405	400
Shona	290	145	150	1,100	545	555
Swahili	755	365	390	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	120	65	50	280	165	110
Yoruba	1,370	720	650	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,040	515	525	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,495	735	755	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	720	360	355	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	775	370	400	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	235	130	105	830	440	390
American Sign Language	85	45	45	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	145	90	60	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	68,080	32,050	36,035	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	66,845	31,435	35,410	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	33,690	15,835	17,855	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	340	155	185	990	465	530
Mandarin	28,335	13,360	14,975	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	45	20	20	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,675	745	925	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	370	170	195	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,385	1,150	1,235	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,240	615	625	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	265	135	130	430	230	200
Karenic languages	280	135	150	795	415	380
Tibetan	550	280	265	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	1,005	365	640	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	430	195	230	1,020	485	535
Thai	565	165	400	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	20	10	15
Turkic languages	1,720	945	775	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	240	135	105	365	215	155
Turkish	1,210	680	525	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	60	30	30	130	70	60
Uzbek	75	35	40	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	75	215	95	120
Uralic languages	3,755	1,810	1,950	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	90	45	45	190	90	105
Finnish	280	105	170	810	330	480
Hungarian	3,390	1,655	1,735	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	190	130	690	415	280
Multiple responses	38,055	18,530	19,530	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	3,195	1,525	1,670	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	33,110	16,170	16,940	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	1,005	515	490	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	750	320	430	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	1,143,930	571,575	572,355	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	931,960	468,085	463,875	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	924,325	464,195	460,125	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	7,640	3,895	3,745	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	211,970	103,485	108,480	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	185	90	90	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	125	65	60	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	60	35	25	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	60	30	30	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	55	30	25	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	15	0	10	175	85	85
Stoney	15	10	10	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	211,790	103,400	108,390	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,940	9,160	8,780	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	60	35	25	200	105	95
Kabyle	25	15	10	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	1,640	800	840	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	45	25	25	280	160	115
Oromo	700	350	355	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	890	425	460	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	16,220	8,320	7,905	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	2,705	1,295	1,410	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	10,780	5,580	5,195	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	200	100	100	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	30	95	50	40
Harari	45	25	25	165	80	85
Hebrew	240	120	120	460	235	225
Maltese	5	0	5	15	10	10
Tigrigna	2,045	1,090	955	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	145	75	70	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,755	4,120	4,635	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	425	210	220	960	460	500
Vietnamese	8,325	3,905	4,415	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	24,790	11,560	13,230	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	30	10	15	70	40	35
Cebuano	815	385	430	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	15	10	5	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	200	95	110	470	215	255
Ilocano	1,020	475	540	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	10	0	10	20	10	10
Malay	230	125	105	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	220	110	110
Pangasinan	15	10	10	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,195	10,340	11,855	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	50	25	25	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	280	120	155
Creole languages	280	145	140	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	215	110	110	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	3,110	1,580	1,530	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	115	60	55	210	105	105
Malayalam	1,275	645	630	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	1,155	580	575	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	550	285	270	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	60	30	35	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	97,070	48,290	48,785	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	610	325	285	1,060	570	485
Armenian	105	55	50	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	13,295	6,505	6,795	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	225	120	110	410	210	200
Latvian	80	45	35	165	85	80
Lithuanian	150	80	70	250	125	120
Slavic languages	13,070	6,380	6,685	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	350	175	175	785	400	385
Bulgarian	475	240	235	825	415	405
Croatian	680	335	350	1,800	905	895
Czech	395	190	205	875	440	430
Macedonian	80	40	40	175	90	85
Polish	3,115	1,510	1,610	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	5,640	2,730	2,910	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	930	460	475	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	175	90	85	315	160	155
Slovak	415	205	210	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	150	70	75
Ukrainian	760	385	370	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Celtic languages	15	10	5	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	15	15	5
Welsh	5	0	5	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	2,065	975	1,090	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	410	195	220	1,705	835	875
Danish	65	30	30	150	75	75
Dutch	395	190	200	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	0	0	0	60	30	30
German	1,085	505	580	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	15	10	5	30	15	15
Norwegian	25	10	15	60	20	35
Swedish	50	25	25	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	60	30	25
Yiddish	10	5	5	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	425	215	210
Greek	480	225	255	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	58,575	29,405	29,170	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	50,230	25,205	25,025	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	2,700	1,355	1,345	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	3,045	1,525	1,520	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	3,965	2,040	1,925	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	50	25	25	50	20	25
Konkani	35	20	15	75	40	40
Marathi	445	230	215	845	440	405
Nepali	1,330	685	645	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	45	25	20	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,795	13,430	13,365	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	705	310	395	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	470	230	240	1,480	750	730
Urdu	10,645	5,325	5,320	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	7,850	3,950	3,905	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	450	230	225	850	440	410
Pashto	1,030	525	510	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	6,370	3,195	3,175	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	490	255	240	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	21,920	10,790	11,130	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	25	10	10	35	10	20
Italian	1,215	535	680	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	1,645	790	855	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	2,330	1,195	1,135	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	16,715	8,255	8,460	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	1,070	465	600	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	80	40	35	160	85	70
Georgian	80	45	35	160	85	70
Korean	6,340	3,015	3,320	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	275	130	145	335	160	175
Mongolian	280	130	145	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	1,745	840	905	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	300	155	145	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	25	10	15	70	35	35
Ewe	15	10	5	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	105	55	45
Ga	15	5	10	40	20	20
Ganda	5	0	0	95	50	50
Igbo	135	65	70	265	125	145
Lingala	25	10	15	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	30	35	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	350	175	170
Shona	95	45	50	410	190	225
Swahili	340	155	185	1,090	530	565
Wolof	65	35	25	170	95	75
Yoruba	330	155	170	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	265	130	140	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	900	435	470	1,525	765	755
Dinka	440	215	230	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	460	220	240	725	350	375
Sign languages	310	180	135	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	75	40	40	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	140	95	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,295	22,025	24,265	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	45,410	21,585	23,825	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	22,025	10,275	11,745	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	100	35	60	315	135	185
Mandarin	20,865	10,110	10,755	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	10	0	5	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	670	290	375	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	210	105	105	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,535	760	775	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	880	440	440	1,500	770	730
Burmese	175	90	85	280	145	130
Karenic languages	235	105	125	665	340	320
Tibetan	395	205	190	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	380	165	215	1,130	505	625
Lao	180	75	95	465	215	245
Thai	195	85	110	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	980	510	470	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	105	55	50	155	90	75
Turkish	730	390	345	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	45	20	25	80	45	40
Uzbek	50	25	30	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	70	35	25
Uralic languages	1,295	640	660	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	15	5	15	25	10	15
Finnish	35	25	15	105	50	50
Hungarian	1,240	610	630	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	240	140	95
Multiple responses	82,850	40,485	42,365	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	2,160	1,080	1,075	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	79,110	38,650	40,460	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	370	180	190	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	1,215	565	645	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	1,013,605	508,710	504,900	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	92,670	46,130	46,540	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	11,895	5,435	6,460	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	104,740	49,860	54,880	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	605	240	365	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	104,130	49,625	54,510	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	640	325	320	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	2,060	1,045	1,015	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	1,130	535	600	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	35	20	15	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	995,125	494,055	501,070	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,760	469,085	475,675	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,329	52,561	35,519	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,950	469,140	475,810	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,523	45,393	32,357	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	883,485	448,790	434,700	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,196	52,389	34,907	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	543,870	215,680	328,190	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,952	1,869	3,373	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	769,375	399,655	369,720	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,639	52,188	36,017	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	995,210	494,100	501,115	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,390	469,290	476,095	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	67,771	85,509	50,286	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,555	469,340	476,215	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,910	66,244	41,754	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	883,795	448,920	434,875	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	68,519	86,325	50,138	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,805	215,575	328,230	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,459	6,381	6,511	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	769,535	399,690	369,845	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,591	79,653	48,313	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	995,210	494,095	501,110	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	361,015	205,600	155,405	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,913	73,256	57,818	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	89,601	103,821	70,787	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	94.6	96.6	91.2	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.3	79.1	74.1	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	5.4	3.4	8.8	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	995,125	494,055	501,065	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	50,360	24,965	25,395	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	944,760	469,085	475,675	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.9	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	123,335	48,650	74,680	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	118,265	47,890	70,370	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	107,715	43,760	63,960	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	92,285	41,415	50,870	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	88,695	42,385	46,305	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	75,965	38,245	37,720	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	62,445	33,330	29,115	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	50,120	28,200	21,915	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	40,085	23,095	16,990	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	34,025	19,435	14,600	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	151,815	102,675	49,140	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	83,580	52,185	31,390	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	68,235	50,485	17,750	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	995,125	494,055	501,070	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	50,170	24,915	25,255	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	944,950	469,140	475,810	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	95.0	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	126,295	49,590	76,700	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	123,390	50,210	73,185	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	124,510	51,355	73,155	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	115,510	53,830	61,680	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	107,240	53,445	53,795	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	83,795	44,620	39,175	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	62,835	35,585	27,255	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	47,860	27,685	20,175	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	153,515	102,820	50,695	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	36,125	21,065	15,065	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	24,865	15,440	9,425	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	92,525	66,320	26,210	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	995,120	494,055	501,070	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	225,745	94,400	131,345	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	769,375	399,655	369,720	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	77.3	80.9	73.8	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80,400	36,470	43,930	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	49,660	21,190	28,460	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	84,725	36,915	47,810	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	73,195	31,700	41,495	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	70,515	32,850	37,660	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	69,210	33,630	35,580	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	60,825	30,800	30,025	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	50,320	27,550	22,770	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	41,285	23,440	17,850	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	189,240	125,105	64,135	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	33,800	19,870	13,930	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	29,690	17,030	12,655	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	125,750	88,205	37,550	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	466,390	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,300	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	83,048	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	114,180	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,329	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,651	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	352,210	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	115,386	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,189	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	466,440	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	137,359	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	109,284	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	114,225	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	71,377	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,965	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	352,215	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	158,757	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,252	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	466,390	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	7,095	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,355	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,255	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,365	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,760	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,675	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,865	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	13,220	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	13,590	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,320	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,780	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,950	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	27,105	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,665	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	226,460	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55,690	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,510	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	54,900	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	73,355	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	466,390	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	7,680	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,430	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,440	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,780	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,760	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,315	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,280	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,695	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,750	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,610	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35,495	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,025	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	33,905	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,910	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,510	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	182,825	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	57,345	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,165	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	85,310	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	331,055	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,955	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,946	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	113,275	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	106,943	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,309	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	163,050	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,381	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,198	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,260	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,079	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,304	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	331,075	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	159,385	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,303	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	113,300	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	154,632	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,675	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	163,125	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	183,674	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	144,622	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,900	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	88,799	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,698	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	187,195	98,000	89,200	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	44,340	47,222	41,237	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,947	40,898	36,764	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	186,825	97,950	88,875	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	60,493	65,466	55,012	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,025	52,251	45,471	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,221,000	609,875	611,130	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	453,240	220,780	232,465	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	89,985	44,940	45,045	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	80,570	37,495	43,075	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	87,195	41,815	45,380	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	93,255	45,805	47,455	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	102,240	50,730	51,515	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	767,755	389,095	378,665	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	109,090	54,620	54,470	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	117,105	58,835	58,270	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	130,070	65,760	64,310	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	156,095	78,820	77,275	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	255,400	131,060	124,340	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,221,000	609,870	611,130	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	266,820	136,855	129,965	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	93,315	47,870	45,450	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	826,185	413,300	412,880	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	128,000	59,720	68,285	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	113,380	54,425	58,955	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	34,385	17,710	16,675	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	12,390	6,365	6,025	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	68,255	32,640	35,610	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	10,745	4,080	6,665	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.9	9.6	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.9	12.8	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.9	8.6	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	8.4	6.8	9.8	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	106,190	52,690	53,490	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	28,425	14,660	13,770	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	10,190	5,240	4,945	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	71,390	35,450	35,945	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	6,365	2,585	3,780	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.6	8.8	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.7	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	5.0	4.3	5.5	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	1,192,040	597,685	594,355	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	1,190,850	597,160	593,685	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	90,150	41,690	48,460	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	459,765	223,005	236,760	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	1,145	445	700	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	825	320	505	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	340	115	220	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	395	170	225	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	90	35	50	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	45	25	25
Woods Cree	55	10	45	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	235	115	115	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	40	60	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	90	35	55	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	125	55	70	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	130	55	70	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	10	0	10	20	15	10
Dene	20	10	15	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	90	35	50	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	35	15	20	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	10	10	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	20	0	15	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	10	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	10	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	120	35	90	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	60	30	35	530	285	245
Stoney	80	15	65	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	10	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	458,645	222,570	236,070	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	40,545	21,255	19,290	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	205	140	60	540	335	205
Kabyle	110	65	50	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	80	10	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	3,580	1,825	1,760	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	65	40	20	370	235	135
Oromo	1,370	715	655	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	2,175	1,085	1,090	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	55	20	40
Semitic languages	37,380	19,665	17,720	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	5,745	2,910	2,840	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	27,475	14,610	12,865	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	145	160	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	45	45	150	70	75
Harari	95	45	50	340	150	185
Hebrew	1,550	740	805	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	35	20	10	145	85	55
Tigrigna	3,550	1,925	1,625	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	135	110	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	160	95	65	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,185	8,185	9,005	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,140	620	520	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	16,105	7,590	8,515	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	58,325	25,175	33,155	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	165	65	100	330	150	180
Cebuano	2,680	1,205	1,475	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	120	65	55	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	920	365	560	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	3,645	1,580	2,060	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	45	15	25	80	40	40
Malay	1,440	680	765	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	200	210	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	205	80	120	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,150	23,645	31,505	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	190	70	115	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	550	235	320	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	1,665	820	845	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	1,070	530	540	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	565	275	290	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	7,020	3,670	3,350	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	530	270	270	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	2,475	1,300	1,175	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	3,140	1,635	1,505	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	1,295	680	615	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	40	35	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	85	40	45	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	231,575	115,000	116,575	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	1,685	885	800	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	295	165	130	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	34,535	16,765	17,775	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	590	280	305	1,360	660	705
Latvian	230	115	115	590	300	290
Lithuanian	360	165	195	775	360	415
Slavic languages	34,175	16,590	17,580	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	70	30	40	200	95	105
Bosnian	1,230	655	575	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	1,075	575	500	1,795	945	850
Croatian	2,520	1,240	1,280	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	1,635	770	860	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	270	145	120	535	270	265
Polish	8,895	4,245	4,650	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	13,245	6,395	6,855	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	2,300	1,135	1,165	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	565	310	260	1,095	550	540
Slovak	1,460	800	655	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	135	150	735	360	375
Ukrainian	4,465	2,025	2,445	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	250	120	130
Celtic languages	440	205	235	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	165	80	85	440	215	225
Welsh	85	55	35	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	190	75	110	450	220	225
Germanic languages	24,180	11,950	12,230	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	1,675	905	770	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	930	440	485	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	4,255	2,095	2,165	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	55	25	30	475	275	205
German	16,755	8,375	8,375	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	80	40	40	160	70	95
Norwegian	455	175	280	1,450	635	810
Swedish	605	280	325	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	115	55	55	380	170	215
Yiddish	175	95	80	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	2,310	1,165	1,145	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	108,155	54,950	53,205	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	95,730	48,350	47,380	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	4,960	2,490	2,470	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	8,355	4,065	4,290	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	28,330	14,520	13,810	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	65	45	20	125	80	45
Konkani	370	195	180	625	300	320
Marathi	1,525	795	730	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	2,210	1,220	995	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	150	75	75	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	46,930	23,830	23,100	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	2,605	1,145	1,465	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,360	675	680	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	24,925	12,725	12,200	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	13,295	6,980	6,320	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	950	520	430	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	2,160	1,165	990	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	10,545	5,540	5,005	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,135	610	525	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	65,685	31,890	33,795	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	70	40	30	170	95	80
Italian	8,880	4,390	4,490	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	4,950	2,430	2,525	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	5,560	2,875	2,690	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	48,635	23,450	25,185	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	250	130	125
Japanese	4,140	1,870	2,270	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	130	75	50	225	130	100
Georgian	130	75	50	230	130	100
Korean	9,895	4,585	5,305	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	655	310	345	800	375	430
Mongolian	650	305	350	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	11,345	5,770	5,575	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	1,050	560	490	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	15	10	10	60	30	30
Edo	215	130	85	620	325	290
Ewe	70	30	35	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	130	70	55	300	165	135
Ga	85	55	30	345	190	155
Ganda	75	35	45	610	305	305
Igbo	1,420	745	675	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	425	230	195	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	95	80	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	1,155	605	550
Shona	475	205	270	1,810	850	960
Swahili	2,290	1,140	1,150	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	330	195	135	600	365	235
Yoruba	3,265	1,670	1,595	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,050	995	1,060	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,655	765	890	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	785	380	400	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	875	380	490	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	1,495	625	870	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	805	305	505	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	710	335	375	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	78,975	37,670	41,305	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	77,485	36,945	40,545	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	42,435	20,075	22,360	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	425	185	245	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	38,790	18,285	20,505	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	60	35	25	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,350	990	1,360	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	570	250	320	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,020	1,485	1,535	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,520	735	790	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	345	160	180	605	305	295
Karenic languages	295	145	150	805	415	390
Tibetan	805	405	400	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	60	95	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	1,325	545	775	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	555	255	300	1,520	730	795
Thai	830	315	515	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	2,525	1,340	1,180	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	350	170	185	630	325	300
Turkish	1,650	940	710	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	135	60	70	290	135	155
Uzbek	245	110	135	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	110	355	170	180
Uralic languages	4,540	2,185	2,360	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	110	45	60	185	85	105
Finnish	300	140	165	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	4,120	1,990	2,130	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	770	435	335	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,074,380	538,880	535,510	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	242,400	124,240	118,160	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	831,980	414,635	417,340	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	146,685	70,995	75,690	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	812,685	411,335	401,350	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	382,575	185,600	196,980	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	63,985	31,855	32,130	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	38,205	18,155	20,055	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	64,705	30,950	33,750	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	126,145	61,265	64,875	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	56,770	27,755	29,010	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	69,375	33,510	35,865	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	89,535	43,370	46,160	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	25,805	12,940	12,865	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	382,580	185,600	196,980	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	34,915	17,805	17,115	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	64,760	33,690	31,070	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	74,440	34,200	40,240	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	172,630	82,925	89,705	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	35,830	16,980	18,850	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	382,580	185,600	196,980	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	40,965	19,530	21,435	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	1,420	640	780	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	5,545	2,630	2,910	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	2,335	1,180	1,160	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	825	410	415	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	485	260	230	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	2,830	1,280	1,550	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	4,105	2,050	2,055	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	1,075	445	635	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	1,375	655	720	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,700	4,910	5,790	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	10,255	5,070	5,185	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	72,995	36,510	36,485	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,950	990	955	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	1,225	640	590	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	1,200	585	615	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	5,715	2,730	2,990	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	890	470	425	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	1,845	925	920	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,620	855	765	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	3,625	1,955	1,670	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	2,915	1,555	1,360	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	6,395	3,015	3,375	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	1,075	480	595	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	4,225	2,125	2,105	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	3,870	1,685	2,190	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,055	530	525	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	2,855	1,310	1,545	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	22,150	11,435	10,715	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	10,375	5,235	5,140	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	39,195	20,065	19,135	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	745	400	345	1,340	715	625
Egypt	2,840	1,510	1,330	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	5,195	2,565	2,630	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	2,605	1,275	1,330	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	660	340	320	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	7,360	3,825	3,540	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	1,340	635	705	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	2,675	1,410	1,265	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	15,770	8,100	7,670	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	225,895	107,730	118,170	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	3,200	1,715	1,485	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	3,095	1,590	1,510	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	34,535	15,920	18,610	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10,935	5,310	5,620	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	44,215	22,225	21,985	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	5,700	2,930	2,770	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	3,535	1,890	1,645	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	1,485	435	1,055	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,975	3,265	3,715	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	4,115	2,180	1,930	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	17,065	8,865	8,195	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	51,430	22,420	29,010	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	1,960	1,010	955	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,150	1,125	1,025	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	2,185	930	1,255	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	14,820	6,915	7,900	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	18,495	8,995	9,495	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,535	1,770	1,755	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	89,530	43,370	46,160	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	8,710	4,380	4,330	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	510	230	280	860	370	490
Colombia	1,230	595	640	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	125	60	65	465	215	255
Haiti	140	90	50	385	240	150
Jamaica	430	220	205	1,660	765	895
Mexico	1,790	955	835	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,875	900	975	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,105	540	560	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	1,505	785	715	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	8,670	4,435	4,230	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	270	155	120	425	240	180
Germany	420	195	225	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	575	365	215	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	420	240	180	715	365	350
Romania	570	285	285	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	630	215	415	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	795	325	465	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,320	1,330	985	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	2,670	1,320	1,350	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	11,590	5,865	5,720	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	130	65	70	255	115	135
Cameroon	565	280	280	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	95	115	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	95	45	45	420	210	210
Egypt	1,095	570	525	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	1,035	600	440	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	1,585	735	855	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	185	70	120	515	265	250
Nigeria	3,780	1,975	1,805	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	240	90	150	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	435	255	185	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	70	40	30	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	2,150	1,045	1,105	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	59,835	28,215	31,620	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	465	255	215	810	435	375
Bangladesh	745	350	395	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,205	2,795	3,410	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	415	190	225	750	305	450
India	12,665	6,425	6,240	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,240	1,125	1,115	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	1,220	645	570	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	215	110	110	480	250	230
Japan	330	75	255	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,800	730	1,070	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	500	265	235	1,470	755	710
Nepal	1,115	585	530	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	4,325	2,110	2,220	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	21,130	9,560	11,570	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	340	170	170	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	335	160	180	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,380	700	675	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	320	110	215	505	165	340
Turkey	145	60	80	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	435	225	210	810	430	375
Viet Nam	1,155	480	680	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	2,350	1,090	1,255	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	735	475	260	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	505	310	195	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	225	165	60	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	416,850	203,105	213,745	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	263,750	133,320	130,435	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	540,465	273,445	267,020	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	324,835	156,910	167,920	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	183,995	92,680	91,310	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	72,950	45,695	27,260	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	111,040	46,985	64,055	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	91,920	37,580	54,340	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	46,200	25,280	20,915	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,720	1,370	1,350	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	35,150	16,590	18,565	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,290	16,175	18,120	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	15,485	7,080	8,405	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	18,450	8,960	9,495	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	355	140	220	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	365	210	155	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	495	210	285	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,185,915	593,285	592,635	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,221,070	609,870	611,195	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,565	5,675	6,890	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,208,505	604,195	604,305	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,325	3,855	4,470	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	8,080	3,720	4,360	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,865	2,680	3,190	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	2,105	995	1,110	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	105	45	60	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	250	140	105	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	240	135	95	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	37,965	18,100	19,865	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	36,440	17,385	19,050	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,225	9,535	10,695	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,850	7,710	8,140	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	140	215	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,530	715	815	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,455	675	780	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,174,775	587,920	586,860	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	441,710	217,600	224,110	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	115,455	58,560	56,890	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	87,800	42,885	44,915	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	51,420	26,370	25,055	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	67,475	30,320	37,155	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	26,210	13,005	13,205	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	25,120	13,315	11,805	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	21,515	10,350	11,165	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	12,610	6,665	5,945	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	10,635	4,970	5,670	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	5,175	2,290	2,890	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	4,410	2,055	2,355	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	13,885	6,820	7,065	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	779,355	392,275	387,080	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	46,290	21,955	24,335	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,830	13,045	14,790	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	550	225	320	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	19,695	9,540	10,150	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	248,725	126,295	122,430	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	1,585	825	750	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	20,455	9,950	10,510	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	233,875	118,990	114,885	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	490	285	205	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	45	35	15	190	115	70
Ontarian	45	35	10	110	65	45
Québécois	365	215	150	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	145	90	60	415	210	205
European origins	703,685	351,395	352,285	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	447,635	223,550	224,080	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	130	75	60	225	115	115
Cornish	85	15	70	210	90	115
English	253,760	125,995	127,765	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	169,125	81,845	87,290	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	295	165	135	945	450	495
Scottish	204,615	101,690	102,930	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	23,395	11,360	12,035	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	31,570	15,495	16,075	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	100,320	49,510	50,810	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	35	15	20	200	120	80
Breton	20	0	15	60	25	35
Corsican	15	10	10	125	65	70
French	100,280	49,490	50,785	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	220,095	108,670	111,425	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	12,600	6,050	6,550	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	20	10	0	110	60	55
Belgian	5,485	2,700	2,790	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	45,565	22,740	22,820	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	475	190	285	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	145	70	70	685	380	305
German	169,470	83,405	86,070	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	220	110	110	680	355	320
Swiss	6,730	3,175	3,555	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	350	160	190	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,340	38,680	41,660	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	15,865	7,790	8,075	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	4,720	2,255	2,470	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	6,680	3,255	3,425	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	35,215	16,710	18,505	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	22,830	10,905	11,920	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,445	1,740	1,705	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	178,655	87,410	91,245	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	1,570	800	765	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	785	395	385	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	6,640	3,365	3,275	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,125	1,005	1,120	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	1,040	435	605	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	19,315	9,480	9,830	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	1,010	480	530	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	2,225	1,065	1,165	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	905	470	435	1,585	790	790
Polish	48,590	23,630	24,960	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	12,120	5,700	6,425	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	33,185	15,745	17,440	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	4,200	2,175	2,025	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	77,580	37,930	39,650	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	840	440	400	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	83,005	41,325	41,680	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	1,795	920	875	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	1,595	875	725	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	50	25	25	85	55	25
Croatian	5,575	2,835	2,740	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	60	25	35	160	90	70
Greek	6,155	3,160	2,990	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	37,810	19,030	18,780	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	155	75	75	420	210	210
Macedonian	485	230	255	1,015	485	535
Maltese	505	250	255	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	125	70	50	290	185	105
Portuguese	7,650	3,870	3,780	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	3,200	1,610	1,590	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	115	60	55	330	160	170
Slovenian	1,600	870	725	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	20,655	9,665	10,990	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,420	720	700	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	115	50	60	245	120	125
Other European origins	8,585	4,240	4,345	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	180	80	100	425	210	215
Jewish	4,220	2,035	2,185	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	165	90	75	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	420	210	215	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,635	1,850	1,785	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	14,045	6,945	7,100	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	255	160	95	455	265	190
Bahamian	115	55	55	310	180	130
Barbadian	770	365	405	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	115	45	70	210	120	90
Carib	60	10	45	135	45	85
Cuban	790	365	425	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	290	185	105	930	530	395
Grenadian	200	90	115	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	850	440	415	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	6,570	3,220	3,345	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	65	50	10	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	10	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	220	120	100	460	225	240
St. Lucian	325	165	160	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,915	955	965	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	315	135	185	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,035	505	530	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,080	505	580	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	33,485	16,500	16,985	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	790	410	380	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	75	10	70	105	30	70
Argentinian	745	370	375	1,385	705	680
Belizean	135	90	45	445	250	190
Bolivian	245	125	115	590	305	285
Brazilian	1,535	660	875	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	2,915	1,475	1,445	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	7,105	3,380	3,720	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	280	125	150	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	420	170	250	890	405	485
Guatemalan	1,140	600	535	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	1,045	565	475	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	705	320	385	1,785	905	885
Honduran	350	180	170	760	405	355
Maya	205	105	105	580	310	275
Mexican	7,555	3,875	3,680	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	875	405	475	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	140	60	80	320	150	170
Paraguayan	160	70	90	340	155	190
Peruvian	1,420	610	815	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	2,770	1,425	1,350	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	120	70	55	315	180	135
Venezuelan	3,285	1,660	1,620	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,570	770	795	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	55,620	28,515	27,105	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	15,495	8,050	7,445	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	95	55	40	130	80	50
Angolan	155	70	80	295	155	140
Ashanti	65	45	20	130	70	55
Beninese	115	45	75	200	90	105
Burkinabe	20	0	15	100	50	50
Cameroonian	960	465	495	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	45	35	10	75	55	20
Congolese	1,340	640	695	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	285	165	120	555	320	235
Ewe	70	40	30	125	70	55
Gabonese	25	0	20	25	10	20
Gambian	75	40	35	110	60	50
Ghanaian	1,690	900	790	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	155	85	65	455	235	215
Ibo	1,055	535	515	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	135	75	60	655	355	295
Liberian	295	145	150	1,040	495	540
Malian	25	25	0	70	45	25
Malinké	25	10	10	95	55	45
Nigerian	7,395	3,875	3,515	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	45	25	20	105	70	35
Senegalese	275	185	90	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	215	110	105	740	395	345
Togolese	75	30	40	150	70	80
Wolof	40	30	10	70	45	25
Yoruba	1,670	920	755	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	580	260	325	1,865	985	875
North African origins	11,070	5,795	5,275	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	810	415	400	1,620	805	815
Berber	340	195	145	685	415	270
Coptic	115	60	55	225	115	110
Dinka	265	150	115	565	320	250
Egyptian	4,360	2,325	2,035	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	575	305	270	1,300	665	635
Maure	0	0	0	95	70	25
Moroccan	1,035	550	485	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	3,255	1,625	1,630	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	475	245	225	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	270	150	120	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	20,325	10,355	9,965	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	100	55	45	315	155	160
Amhara	220	115	105	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	185	100	90	700	395	310
Burundian	195	110	85	975	555	420
Djiboutian	15	0	0	170	90	75
Eritrean	3,750	2,015	1,740	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	6,355	3,205	3,150	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	50	25	25	165	85	80
Kenyan	905	410	490	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	45	20	30	125	55	70
Mauritian	250	150	100	550	310	235
Oromo	675	350	330	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	180	75	100	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	25	10	10	35	25	10
Somali	2,755	1,385	1,370	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	2,390	1,185	1,200	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	440	175	260	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	430	235	195	700	380	320
Ugandan	325	190	135	1,155	645	510
Zambian	115	75	40	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	745	370	370	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	35	20	15	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,440	695	740	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	9,730	4,810	4,920	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	845	405	440	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	8,965	4,440	4,525	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	366,030	179,085	186,945	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,200	24,100	22,100	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	5,205	2,795	2,410	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,865	2,630	2,235	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	960	475	485	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	315	180	140	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	290	115	175	615	280	335
Georgian	215	120	95	400	230	165
Hazara	265	140	125	365	190	170
Iranian	8,350	4,335	4,015	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	3,645	1,910	1,740	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	695	370	325	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	560	290	265	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	290	120	170	565	260	310
Kurd	880	505	375	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	45	40	10	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	150	90	60	200	110	90
Lebanese	12,730	6,555	6,180	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	1,550	825	730	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	375	175	200	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	155	95	60	390	205	180
Syrian	3,190	1,565	1,620	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	170	105	70	265	160	105
Tatar	340	145	195	530	215	315
Turk	2,455	1,345	1,110	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	55	40	20	105	55	50
Uighur	150	75	75	270	125	140
Uzbek	255	110	140	485	225	260
Yemeni	545	270	275	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	1,330	690	640	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	114,955	58,430	56,530	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	2,355	1,165	1,190	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	950	475	475	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	160	85	80	815	410	400
East Indian	84,575	42,715	41,860	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	285	145	145	495	265	225
Gujarati	295	140	150	855	445	410
Kashmiri	575	275	295	720	355	365
Nepali	1,880	1,015	865	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	17,585	9,010	8,575	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	7,885	4,100	3,790	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	360	190	170	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	2,335	1,225	1,110	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	410	210	205	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,460	1,245	1,210	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	206,955	97,665	109,295	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	745	370	375	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,005	1,085	920	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	102,020	49,450	52,570	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	71,620	32,360	39,260	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,425	650	775	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	7,080	3,120	3,960	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	300	145	155	740	390	345
Korean	11,240	5,235	6,000	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	815	370	440	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	1,255	570	680	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	1,065	495	575	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	205	110	100	370	180	190
Taiwanese	1,135	505	635	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	970	360	605	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	885	460	425	965	500	465
Vietnamese	19,425	9,385	10,040	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	305	160	145	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	1,585	795	785	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,585	800	785	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	5,465	2,825	2,640	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	3,010	1,590	1,420	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	1,100	575	520	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	1,455	710	740	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	940	440	500	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	150	65	85	425	190	235
Maori	135	60	75	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	75	45	25	205	105	95
Samoan	60	45	10	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	115	60	55	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	466,440	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	333,250	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	133,190	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	466,440	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	104,630	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	361,810	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	466,440	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	1,765	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	50,715	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,125	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	163,430	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,405	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	466,440	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,900	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	71,525	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	67,640	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	58,660	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,710	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	466,440	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	454,640	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,800	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	466,440	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	444,145	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	22,295	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	466,440	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	46,435	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	136,445	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	60,915	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	73,380	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	52,615	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	50,200	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,455	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	466,440	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	446,360	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	20,075	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	466,440	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	260,935	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,705	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	17,800	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	466,440	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,330	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	90,020	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	101,280	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	99,230	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,280	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	45,995	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,995	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	8,305	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	464,080	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	360,895	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	103,180	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	88,930	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	333,235	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	66.7	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.5	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,586	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,611	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,322	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	517,942	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	133,190	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.2	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.7	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,308	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,354	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	995,205	494,095	501,110	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,445	68,580	65,865	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	257,010	128,455	128,555	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	603,750	297,060	306,685	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65,455	48,585	16,870	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,950	13,665	10,285	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	41,500	34,920	6,585	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	175,745	74,265	101,485	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,685	13,040	18,640	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	330,865	161,175	169,690	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	230,230	109,110	121,120	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	17,400	8,030	9,370	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,655	4,235	4,425	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	63,930	32,975	30,955	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10,650	6,835	3,820	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	720,405	359,295	361,110	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	58,820	32,035	26,785	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	157,735	80,555	77,180	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	503,850	246,705	257,145	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50,370	38,010	12,360	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	17,770	10,345	7,425	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	32,600	27,670	4,935	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	141,365	60,495	80,870	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,545	10,545	15,000	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	286,575	137,655	148,920	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	198,340	93,270	105,065	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,525	6,595	7,930	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,705	3,540	4,165	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	57,340	28,925	28,410	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	8,670	5,320	3,350	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	995,205	494,100	501,110	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	391,460	197,040	194,425	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,950	8,325	11,620	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,260	2,270	995	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	16,685	6,060	10,630	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	27,690	10,035	17,655	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,035	625	2,415	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	6,980	1,835	5,140	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,525	2,845	5,680	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	60	65	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,855	1,015	840	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,680	1,630	1,050	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	3,755	1,880	1,880	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	740	150	585	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65,540	23,280	42,260	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	735	125	610	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,130	2,740	5,395	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,730	825	6,910	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	12,205	4,310	7,890	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	860	200	660	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	10,290	2,320	7,970	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	25,590	12,765	12,825	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	139,545	58,510	81,030	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	65	105	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,950	1,200	5,750	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	132,420	57,245	75,180	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,295	17,580	14,710	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,155	4,080	6,080	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,025	2,915	3,110	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	305	115	195	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	14,470	10,030	4,445	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,335	445	885	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,160	17,580	9,580	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,105	15,375	6,735	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	1,460	210	1,250	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,300	1,805	1,490	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	300	190	105	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	141,635	120,755	20,880	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	5,350	3,270	2,080	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	58,720	46,645	12,070	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	26,770	21,725	5,045	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	0	30	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	22,095	21,395	700	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,140	18,540	605	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	9,525	9,180	345	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,055	4,780	4,275	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,665	2,630	2,030	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,385	2,145	2,245	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	82,035	17,425	64,615	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,885	3,385	3,500	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	72,655	12,730	59,930	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,495	1,315	1,185	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,590	11,340	12,245	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	15,855	5,095	10,760	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	125	20	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	3,285	2,220	1,070	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,200	3,810	395	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	60	20	45	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	20	45	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	720,405	359,295	361,110	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	216,550	112,590	103,965	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	26,940	5,300	21,645	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	26,945	5,295	21,645	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,545	6,820	9,725	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,680	1,850	830	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	13,860	4,970	8,895	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	23,135	8,215	14,920	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,595	525	2,075	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	5,900	1,535	4,365	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,335	2,405	4,925	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	120	60	55	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,495	815	675	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,020	1,200	820	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	3,135	1,550	1,585	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	540	125	415	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	56,210	19,660	36,545	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	615	120	500	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,080	2,340	4,745	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,295	650	5,645	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	10,610	3,525	7,085	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	730	175	555	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	8,665	1,870	6,800	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	22,200	10,975	11,225	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	118,600	49,620	68,980	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	150	65	85	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,890	970	4,915	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	112,560	48,580	63,980	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,200	13,905	12,290	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,375	3,285	5,095	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,955	2,410	2,545	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	105	135	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	11,620	7,790	3,835	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,005	315	695	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	24,470	15,875	8,595	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,410	14,175	6,230	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	1,165	175	995	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,635	1,370	1,270	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	255	160	105	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	117,760	99,215	18,545	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	4,450	2,585	1,865	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	51,090	40,000	11,090	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	21,885	17,690	4,200	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	30	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	18,060	17,455	600	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,035	14,555	480	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	7,210	6,925	285	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,865	4,030	3,835	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,890	2,135	1,760	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,975	1,900	2,075	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	67,250	14,710	52,540	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,835	2,905	2,930	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	59,180	10,680	48,500	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,235	1,125	1,110	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,835	9,340	9,495	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	12,475	4,170	8,305	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	65	10	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	70	10	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	2,685	1,845	835	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,530	3,195	335	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	50	15	30	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	15	35	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	995,210	494,100	501,110	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	391,465	197,035	194,420	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	603,750	297,060	306,685	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	445,270	219,840	225,430	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	308,130	151,020	157,110	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	137,140	68,825	68,320	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	158,475	77,220	81,260	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	18,870	10,835	8,035	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	27,005	10,400	16,605	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	18,585	9,255	9,330	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	12,830	7,345	5,490	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	11,810	5,565	6,250	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	1,175	680	500	2,150	1,275	875
Other	68,200	33,145	35,055	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	720,405	359,290	361,110	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	216,550	112,590	103,965	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	503,850	246,705	257,145	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	367,885	181,930	185,960	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	254,900	125,155	129,745	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	112,985	56,770	56,210	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	135,965	64,775	71,185	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,875	8,305	6,565	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	24,980	9,530	15,450	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	16,790	8,220	8,570	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	9,210	5,270	3,940	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,395	4,800	5,595	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	1,025	605	430	1,870	1,105	765
Other	58,685	28,040	30,645	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	995,210	494,100	501,110	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	727,400	386,440	340,960	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	658,130	347,640	310,490	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	69,270	38,805	30,470	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	267,810	107,660	160,150	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	73.1	78.2	68.0	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	66.1	70.4	62.0	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	9.5	10.0	8.9	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	995,210	494,100	501,115	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	245,050	97,105	147,950	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	750,155	396,995	353,160	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	374,015	215,020	159,000	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	376,140	181,975	194,160	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.2	41.7	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	727,400	386,440	340,960	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,460	332,765	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	632,520	328,780	303,740	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	79,705	50,675	29,025	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	727,400	386,440	340,960	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,190	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	712,225	379,460	332,765	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	78,170	50,195	27,970	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	126,355	40,255	86,100	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	79,675	61,985	17,695	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	46,840	9,625	37,210	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	72,725	23,280	49,445	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,040	8,195	10,845	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	163,590	72,885	90,705	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,345	92,710	6,640	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,845	8,085	1,760	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,635	12,240	4,395	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	727,400	386,440	340,960	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,455	332,765	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,485	1,435	1,055	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	44,755	27,955	16,800	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	7,975	5,050	2,925	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	64,960	56,280	8,685	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	36,825	27,150	9,670	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	25,880	17,645	8,230	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	78,685	38,345	40,340	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	39,765	28,015	11,750	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	14,375	8,605	5,775	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	26,420	11,645	14,775	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,460	8,245	6,215	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	76,775	44,995	31,780	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,435	1,825	1,605	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,815	17,925	12,895	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	45,005	14,380	30,625	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	77,105	14,375	62,730	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,270	7,885	8,385	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	50,545	21,570	28,980	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,960	12,230	17,730	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	25,730	13,925	11,810	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	658,125	347,640	310,490	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	44,725	21,325	23,400	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	2,810	2,145	665	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	89,305	66,790	22,510	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	521,290	257,375	263,915	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	521,290	257,375	263,910	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	489,460	237,345	252,115	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,065	12,400	8,670	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,745	5,780	1,965	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	3,015	1,855	1,160	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	610,590	324,165	286,425	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	433,730	243,310	190,420	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	31,375	10,730	20,645	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	96,510	43,190	53,315	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	30,265	14,550	15,715	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	9,860	6,910	2,945	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	8,855	5,470	3,380	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	610,590	324,165	286,425	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	105,445	48,710	56,740	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	256,495	136,765	119,730	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	161,505	91,555	69,945	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	50,720	27,095	23,630	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	36,425	20,045	16,380	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	610,590	324,165	286,425	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40,155	27,800	12,355	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	123,570	74,495	49,080	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	179,975	93,225	86,750	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	108,835	51,345	57,495	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,150	29,290	37,860	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	90,900	48,015	42,885	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	771,270	406,730	364,535	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	761,730	402,170	359,560	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	752,110	397,185	354,930	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	750,255	396,625	353,630	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	1,860	560	1,300	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	9,615	4,985	4,630	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,605	4,985	4,630	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	135	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	10	0	10	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	335	200	130	840	530	305
Amharic	45	30	15	85	50	35
Arabic	240	150	90	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	10	20	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	290	495	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	785	290	500	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	315	145	175	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	15	0	15	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	140	145	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	15	10	10	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,050	1,690	1,360	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	20	15	10	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	155	155	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	310	155	160	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	10	10	10	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	100	70	25	220	135	85
Russian	155	60	100	275	120	160
Serbian	10	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	0	20	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	80	45	35	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	15	10	10	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	35	20	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	10	10	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	10	10	10	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,790	1,070	725	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	980	670	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	15	10	10	25	10	15
Gujarati	20	10	10	75	15	60
Hindi	110	50	55	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	20	15	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	855	510	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	10	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	10	10	0
Urdu	105	40	65	155	50	100
Iranian languages	135	85	50	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	20	15	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	115	65	50	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	840	405	435	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	30	10	15
Portuguese	90	45	45	140	70	70
Romanian	50	35	15	50	30	20
Spanish	690	320	370	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	95	35	60	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	470	195	280	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	20	35	230	120	115
American Sign Language	25	10	20	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,365	2,330	2,035	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	4,330	2,310	2,015	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	2,830	1,465	1,365	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	1,360	770	590	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	75	50	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	45	30	20
Burmese	15	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	15	10	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	45	30	15	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	40	35	15	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	9,535	4,560	4,975	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	1,525	615	910	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	7,865	3,875	3,985	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	20	10	15	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	130	65	70	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	771,265	406,730	364,535	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	735,050	388,360	346,690	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	4,985	2,355	2,630	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	7,140	3,250	3,890	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	23,465	12,445	11,025	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	75	20	60	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	23,390	12,425	10,960	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	25	10	15	30	15	15
English and non-official language	110	50	55	215	105	110
French and non-official language	495	265	230	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,205,770	601,970	603,795	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	1,014,540	505,275	509,265	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	191,230	96,700	94,530	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	142,630	72,720	69,910	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	48,595	23,975	24,625	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	28,020	13,785	14,235	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	13,535	6,780	6,755	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	14,490	7,005	7,480	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	20,575	10,185	10,390	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,143,585	569,985	573,595	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	615,955	305,415	310,540	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	527,630	264,575	263,060	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	330,990	167,285	163,700	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	196,640	97,285	99,355	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	109,560	54,755	54,805	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	40,130	20,085	20,050	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	69,425	34,670	34,755	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	87,080	42,525	44,555	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Alberta [Province]