Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	London Ontario [Population centre]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , London [Population centre], Ontario Map : London [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	383,437	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	365,715 ^r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.8	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	175,205	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	162,861	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,649.3	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	232.48	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	383,430	185,345	198,090	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	62,045	31,670	30,380	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	20,335	10,490	9,845	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	21,305	10,865	10,440	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	20,405	10,310	10,090	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	257,785	126,020	131,765	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	22,640	11,520	11,120	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	30,160	15,225	14,945	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	28,450	14,185	14,265	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	26,200	12,860	13,345	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	23,700	11,570	12,135	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	23,075	11,220	11,855	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	24,615	11,980	12,635	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	28,465	13,760	14,700	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	27,135	12,870	14,270	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	23,335	10,835	12,500	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	63,605	27,655	35,950	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	20,500	9,510	10,990	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	14,690	6,695	7,995	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	10,925	4,890	6,035	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	8,300	3,455	4,850	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	9,185	3,110	6,075	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	5,510	2,080	3,435	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	2,905	850	2,055	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	675	170	510	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	90	15	80	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	17.1	15.3	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	67.2	68.0	66.5	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	16.6	14.9	18.1	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.1	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	40.5	39.2	41.7	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	39.7	38.0	41.2	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	162,860	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	80,935	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	33,985	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	47,790	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,870	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	20,555	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,340	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,855	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	145	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	162,860	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	52,040	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	55,135	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	23,965	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	20,460	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	11,270	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	377,640	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	321,390	153,680	167,710	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	172,085	85,890	86,195	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	142,330	71,010	71,320	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	29,755	14,880	14,875	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	149,305	67,785	81,520	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	98,200	51,670	46,535	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	11,100	4,595	6,505	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	21,815	7,985	13,830	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	18,185	3,535	14,650	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	104,085	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	53,490	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	22,435	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	19,340	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	8,825	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	104,090	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	84,185	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	69,315	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	14,870	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	19,900	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	16,090	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	3,815	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	84,185	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	41,275	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	42,905	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	16,850	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	17,795	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	8,265	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	19,900	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	12,205	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	5,585	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	2,110	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	78,610	36,515	42,095	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	162,860	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	100,140	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	39,895	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	60,245	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,940	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	60,780	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	52,035	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	8,740	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	379,035	183,625	195,415	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	344,940	169,220	175,715	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	225	105	115	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	27,800	11,800	16,000	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	6,075	2,495	3,575	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	379,035	183,625	195,410	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	366,310	178,105	188,205	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	4,785	2,145	2,635	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	2,010	945	1,070	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	5,930	2,425	3,500	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	5,790	2,615	3,170	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.5	1.4	1.6	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	379,030	183,625	195,415	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	371,475	179,905	191,570	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	293,595	142,655	150,945	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	288,855	140,540	148,315	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	4,745	2,115	2,630	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	77,870	37,245	40,625	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	130	45	80	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	55	15	40	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	5	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	355	135	225
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	15	35	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	45	15	25	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	50	15	40	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	5	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	50	15	30	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	77,750	37,205	40,545	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,935	6,605	6,330	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	15	10	5	725	405	320
Kabyle	10	5	5	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	260	120	140	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	5	5	0	250	140	110
Oromo	15	5	5	1,445	720	730
Somali	235	110	130	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	225	115	110
Semitic languages	12,640	6,460	6,185	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	255	130	125	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	10,530	5,385	5,145	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,035	515	515	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	210	105	105	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	0	0	0	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	135	80	60	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	185	95	85	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	245	125	120	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,450	1,115	1,335	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	740	340	400	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	1,710	775	935	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	1,875	725	1,150	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	5	5	5	595	260	330
Cebuano	75	20	55	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	5	0	0	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	165	75	85	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	0	0	0	100	45	55
Malay	125	65	65	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	0	0	5	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,435	535	895	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	70	35	40	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	1,345	715	630	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	55	30	25	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	820	415	400	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	325	170	155	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	140	95	50	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	44,580	21,240	23,340	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	990	515	480	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	90	45	40	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	11,100	5,150	5,950	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	210	85	125	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	75	30	40	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	140	55	85	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	10,895	5,065	5,825	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	15	10	5	515	230	280
Bosnian	610	300	310	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	75	35	40	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	765	370	390	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	345	160	185	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	90	35	55	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	5,130	2,355	2,775	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	1,325	595	725	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	815	415	395	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	330	160	170	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	315	140	170	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	200	85	120	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	850	390	465	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	25	5	15	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	10	450	210	240
Welsh	10	5	10	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	225	120	110
Germanic languages	5,075	2,190	2,885	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	60	30	30	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	170	85	85	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	2,000	870	1,125	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	40	15	20	1,240	630	620
German	2,545	1,065	1,480	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	10	5	5	210	100	110
Norwegian	30	10	15	940	405	540
Swedish	60	35	30	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	135	50	85	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	25	15	10	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	170	80	85
Greek	1,750	870	885	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	8,630	4,470	4,160	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	5,535	2,895	2,640	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	450	225	220	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	690	370	325	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	825	450	375	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	0	0	0	345	170	175
Konkani	30	15	15	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	85	45	40	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	720	355	365	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	15	5	10	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,035	565	475	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	60	35	30	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	130	65	65	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	1,500	770	725	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	3,065	1,555	1,505	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	995	525	470	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	185	90	95	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	1,885	940	940	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	16,905	7,995	8,915	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	20	10	5	285	150	135
Italian	2,890	1,415	1,480	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	4,550	2,130	2,420	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	805	370	440	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	8,640	4,070	4,570	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	420	200	215
Japanese	230	90	140	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,200	635	565
Georgian	5	0	0	1,200	635	565
Korean	2,690	1,245	1,445	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	405	180	220
Mongolian	0	0	0	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	650	310	335	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	65	30	35	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	0	0	0	140	60	80
Edo	5	0	5	1,140	475	670
Ewe	10	5	5	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	0	365	180	185
Ga	15	5	10	600	275	325
Ganda	20	10	10	760	360	400
Igbo	40	25	20	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	20	15	10	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	15	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	1,330	545	785
Shona	35	15	20	1,455	660	790
Swahili	130	55	70	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	5	5	0	290	145	150
Yoruba	65	40	25	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	85	105	1,610	810	800
Dinka	105	45	60	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	165	85	75	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	95	55	40	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	35	40	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,695	4,065	4,630	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	8,450	3,945	4,505	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	1,955	925	1,025	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	20	15	10	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	5,805	2,685	3,120	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	5	5	0	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	50	80	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	95	40	60	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	430	220	210	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	245	125	125	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	30	20	10	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	195	100	100	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	185	80	110	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	120	60	60	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	65	20	45	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	440	240	195	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	45	25	20	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	330	180	150	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	25	15	10	515	255	260
Uzbek	10	5	5	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	640	295	345
Uralic languages	1,185	540	640	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	45	15	25	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	100	40	60	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	1,040	485	560	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	7,560	3,725	3,840	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	1,050	475	575	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	6,030	3,020	3,015	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	240	120	120	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	240	110	130	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	379,035	183,625	195,415	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	362,445	175,580	186,865	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	323,645	157,085	166,560	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	322,080	156,370	165,710	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	1,565	715	845	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	38,800	18,495	20,305	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	30	10	15	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	15	5	10	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	5	0	185	80	100
Oneida	15	5	5	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	38,770	18,480	20,290	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,310	3,600	3,715	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	10	5	5	345	175	170
Kabyle	5	0	0	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	125	50	75	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	0	0	0	170	80	85
Oromo	5	0	0	805	380	425
Somali	120	50	70	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	65
Semitic languages	7,180	3,540	3,635	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	115	60	55	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	6,095	3,000	3,095	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	660	325	335	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	60	55	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	0	0	0	555	250	305
Hebrew	55	35	25	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	15	10	5	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	105	55	50	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,510	685	825	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	195	235	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	1,085	495	590	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	710	310	395	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	0	0	0	90	35	55
Cebuano	20	5	10	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	5	0	910	385	530
Ilocano	55	25	25	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	45	25	20	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	445	200	250
Pangasinan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	590	255	335	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	380	175	200
Creole languages	15	5	5	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	695	375	320	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	15	15	10	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	475	245	225	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	145	75	65	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	60	35	25	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	19,495	9,280	10,215	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	465	225	235	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	35	15	20	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	4,800	2,320	2,485	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	35	15	20	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	10	5	5	860	350	515
Lithuanian	30	10	15	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	4,770	2,305	2,460	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	10	0	5	175	80	90
Bosnian	295	145	150	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	40	20	20	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	285	140	145	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	100	55	50	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	35	15	20	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	2,385	1,135	1,250	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	705	345	360	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	395	210	180	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	75	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	85	40	45	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	250	110	135	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	355	160	190
Celtic languages	10	0	0	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	60	30	25
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	395	185	210	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	20	15	15	755	365	390
Danish	15	5	5	280	135	150
Dutch	95	50	50	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	0	0	0	90	45	45
German	245	110	135	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Swedish	10	0	10	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	0	0	5	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	315	340
Greek	710	335	375	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	5,080	2,540	2,540	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	3,170	1,595	1,580	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	250	125	125	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	350	170	175	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	410	215	195	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	15	5	5	540	260	280
Marathi	45	25	20	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	665	320	340	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	0	5	0	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	275	250	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	15	5	10	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	35	30	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	840	410	425	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	1,895	935	955	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	600	300	295	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	115	55	60	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	1,180	580	600	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	8,005	3,660	4,340	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	10	5	5	135	60	75
Italian	720	310	410	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	1,770	810	965	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	320	155	165	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	5,180	2,385	2,800	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	90	45	45	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	770	420	355
Georgian	0	0	0	775	420	355
Korean	2,010	920	1,090	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	225	115	110
Mongolian	0	0	0	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	170	70	100	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	305	120	180
Ewe	0	0	0	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Ga	0	5	0	175	80	100
Ganda	0	0	5	195	85	110
Igbo	15	10	5	540	265	275
Lingala	5	5	0	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	5	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	420	160	260
Shona	0	0	0	455	210	245
Swahili	50	15	35	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	0	0	0	130	65	65
Yoruba	15	10	5	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	40	550	260	290
Dinka	35	15	15	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	425	195	225
Sign languages	185	100	85	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	100	55	45	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	90	45	40	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,910	2,760	3,150	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	5,750	2,680	3,070	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	1,135	525	610	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	5	0	5	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	4,215	1,955	2,265	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	0	0	0	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	30	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	30	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	285	155	130	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	160	80	80	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	15	10	5	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	140	70	70	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	0	0	5	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	30	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	40	20	20	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	25	10	15	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	220	110	110	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	770	385	380
Turkish	160	80	80	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	15	10	10	290	150	140
Uzbek	0	5	0	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	250	130	120
Uralic languages	305	145	155	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	5	0	5	790	290	500
Finnish	5	5	0	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	295	145	150	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	465	245	225
Multiple responses	16,585	8,045	8,545	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	695	315	385	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	15,410	7,520	7,895	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	85	30	55	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	395	185	215	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	379,035	183,625	195,410	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	331,615	160,940	170,670	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	17,335	8,465	8,875	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	4,355	1,765	2,585	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	24,845	12,025	12,825	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	210	80	125	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	24,635	11,945	12,695	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	190	85	105	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	275	150	130	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	415	190	225	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	315,750	151,490	164,255	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	302,345	144,970	157,375	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,643	37,247	29,195	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	302,405	144,975	157,425	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,878	33,547	26,999	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	265,745	129,470	136,275	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,849	37,306	27,163	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	226,005	101,120	124,885	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,877	2,411	6,236	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	218,060	110,700	107,360	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,230	35,950	29,154	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	315,875	151,550	164,330	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	302,415	144,970	157,450	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,687	49,733	38,120	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	302,480	144,970	157,510	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,706	40,973	32,779	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	266,035	129,660	136,380	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,244	50,290	36,546	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	226,560	101,560	124,995	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,535	6,787	8,143	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	218,215	110,630	107,585	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,151	47,431	36,721	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	315,880	151,550	164,325	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	103,190	55,805	47,385	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,300	55,266	47,663	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,982	66,257	54,769	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.1	90.6	82.9	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.8	73.3	65.6	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.9	9.4	17.1	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	315,745	151,495	164,250	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	13,400	6,525	6,880	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	302,345	144,970	157,375	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.8	95.7	95.8	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45,760	21,440	24,325	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	53,430	22,190	31,240	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	42,475	17,710	24,770	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	34,830	15,475	19,355	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	32,165	15,120	17,050	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	23,910	12,175	11,740	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	18,090	9,885	8,205	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	12,885	7,150	5,730	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	9,530	5,400	4,130	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	8,885	4,725	4,165	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	20,380	13,710	6,670	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	13,785	8,965	4,815	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	6,595	4,745	1,855	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	315,745	151,495	164,250	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	13,345	6,520	6,825	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	302,405	144,975	157,430	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	95.7	95.8	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	46,915	21,685	25,225	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	55,805	23,255	32,555	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	49,045	20,865	28,185	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	42,525	19,385	23,140	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	35,250	17,340	17,910	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	23,985	13,010	10,980	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	15,720	8,870	6,845	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	12,405	6,780	5,625	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	20,760	13,785	6,970	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	7,030	4,255	2,775	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	4,165	2,775	1,390	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	9,565	6,755	2,810	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	315,745	151,495	164,255	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	97,685	40,795	56,895	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	218,060	110,700	107,355	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	69.1	73.1	65.4	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	31,555	15,805	15,750	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	18,420	8,425	9,995	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	29,730	13,640	16,090	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	24,140	11,260	12,880	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	22,790	10,400	12,390	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	22,210	10,685	11,530	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	16,830	8,880	7,955	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	12,920	7,185	5,735	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	9,440	5,390	4,050	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	30,020	19,030	10,995	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	7,535	4,240	3,300	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	7,455	4,015	3,440	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	15,030	10,780	4,250	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	162,860	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	62,102	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,321	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	52,035	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,415	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,188	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	110,820	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,559	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,518	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	162,895	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,105	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,160	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	51,940	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,991	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,106	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	110,950	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,481	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,699	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	162,860	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	3,745	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,265	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,680	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	7,060	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,875	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,320	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,445	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,710	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,625	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,490	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,610	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,990	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10,625	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	9,265	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,395	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	43,775	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15,260	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,920	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,365	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,235	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	162,860	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	3,865	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,300	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,755	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	7,390	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,865	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,260	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,720	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,120	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,005	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,625	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15,360	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	13,240	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	11,770	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	9,940	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,840	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,800	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	13,825	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,840	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,140	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	103,845	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,445	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,880	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	39,060	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,074	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,718	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	43,190	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,336	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,118	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	18,805	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,665	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,939	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	103,945	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,596	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,249	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	39,035	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,356	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,543	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	43,355	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	125,305	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,827	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,760	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,561	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,027	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	71,185	33,455	37,730	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,920	28,262	29,484	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,806	26,094	27,334	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	70,935	33,675	37,260	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,836	39,806	37,959	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,063	33,346	32,808	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	377,640	183,080	194,555	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	203,970	96,875	107,095	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	51,915	25,210	26,705	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	40,980	18,520	22,455	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	37,735	17,750	19,985	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	37,090	17,790	19,300	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	36,245	17,605	18,640	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	173,670	86,205	87,465	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	35,780	17,475	18,305	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	35,450	17,435	18,015	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	35,970	17,940	18,030	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	34,820	17,315	17,505	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	31,655	16,040	15,615	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	377,635	183,080	194,560	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	74,460	38,035	36,425	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	24,355	12,555	11,800	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	243,665	118,600	125,065	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	59,515	26,450	33,065	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	70,800	33,130	37,660	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	18,440	9,395	9,045	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	6,515	3,345	3,170	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	45,225	21,210	24,015	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	7,135	2,530	4,605	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.7	18.1	19.4	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	24.8	24.7	24.8	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	26.8	26.6	26.9	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	18.6	17.9	19.2	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.6	13.9	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	43,740	21,565	22,175	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	9,890	5,060	4,830	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	3,630	1,870	1,760	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	32,300	15,870	16,430	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	1,545	635	910	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	11.8	11.4	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	14.9	14.9	14.9	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	13.4	13.1	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.4	2.8	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	377,765	183,140	194,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	371,710	180,705	191,005	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	371,410	180,550	190,860	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	27,835	11,880	15,960	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	96,800	46,655	50,145	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	295	95	200	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	145	50	100	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	0	0	0	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	605	255	350
Woods Cree	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	40	85	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	130	40	85	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	0	0	10	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	135	40	95	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	10	0	10	120	35	85
Mohawk	15	0	10	1,625	710	915
Oneida	115	40	80	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	15	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	40	10	30
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	96,515	46,565	49,945	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	16,845	8,660	8,185	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	15	10	0	925	505	415
Kabyle	10	10	10	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	420	180	235	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	0	0	0	355	200	160
Oromo	15	10	10	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	395	165	225	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	370	170	205
Semitic languages	16,400	8,465	7,935	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	410	210	200	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	14,385	7,430	6,955	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,350	680	675	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	250	135	115	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	0	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	310	170	140	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	245	130	115	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	410	200	215	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,300	1,510	1,785	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,125	550	580	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	2,185	980	1,210	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	2,555	1,000	1,555	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	25	0	15	755	340	425
Cebuano	125	35	95	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	0	0	0	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	230	90	135	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	0	0	0	215	115	100
Malay	180	95	90	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	0	0	0	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,240	845	1,395	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	215	110	105	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	80	40	40	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	115	55	55	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	1,805	890	920	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	165	85	75	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	1,020	490	535	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	565	295	270	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	210	110	100	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	57,140	27,460	29,685	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	1,120	570	550	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	145	65	85	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	13,145	6,415	6,730	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	255	110	145	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	110	50	60	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	145	55	85	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	12,910	6,315	6,595	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	75	40	35	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	890	480	410	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	90	35	50	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	1,225	620	610	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	415	215	200	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	155	70	80	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	6,015	2,920	3,090	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	2,290	1,100	1,190	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	1,330	695	635	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	455	210	245	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	370	185	180	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	125	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	1,025	450	575	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	125	55	65	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	50	15	35	1,480	720	765
Welsh	25	10	20	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	35	10	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	7,080	3,275	3,805	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	175	85	90	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	240	110	135	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	2,250	905	1,345	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	55	30	30	1,655	820	835
German	4,190	2,050	2,140	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	10	10	10	285	130	155
Norwegian	75	40	35	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	170	80	90	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	55	45	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	30	20	10	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	2,530	1,315	1,215	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	10,890	5,465	5,425	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	7,705	3,920	3,790	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	520	250	275	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	845	460	380	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	3,000	1,610	1,400	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	0	0	0	600	300	300
Konkani	15	10	0	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	100	50	50	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	855	425	430	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	0	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,885	1,020	865	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	115	50	65	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	70	100	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	2,435	1,200	1,235	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	3,290	1,615	1,680	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	1,040	540	500	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	280	145	130	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	2,145	1,020	1,130	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	23,595	11,045	12,550	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	15	0	10	515	275	240
Italian	4,380	2,130	2,250	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	5,835	2,785	3,045	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	1,005	470	530	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	13,105	5,975	7,135	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	1,355	745	605
Japanese	710	335	370	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,555	775	780
Georgian	0	0	10	1,555	770	785
Korean	3,025	1,445	1,585	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	515	225	285
Mongolian	0	0	0	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	1,245	670	575	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	155	75	80	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	185
Edo	0	0	0	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	0	0	0	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	700	320	375
Ga	25	0	15	1,340	645	695
Ganda	30	20	15	1,225	550	675
Igbo	60	40	25	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	85	50	35	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	35	15	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	60	30	25	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	340	160	175	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	0	10	0	730	355	375
Yoruba	245	150	95	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	160	150	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	225	115	105	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	35	20	20	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	825	320	505	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	480	175	310	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	360	155	200	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,110	4,350	4,765	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	8,885	4,230	4,655	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	2,380	1,110	1,270	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	20	10	10	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	6,720	3,170	3,555	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	15	0	10	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	165	60	105	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	175	70	110	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	425	220	205	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	230	120	115	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	55	35	20	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	125	60	65	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	10	0	0	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	235	105	135	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	180	90	90	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	85	30	60	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	680	360	315	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	110	55	55	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	505	270	230	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	55	35	15	700	350	345
Uzbek	15	0	10	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	915	450	465
Uralic languages	1,425	680	745	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	55	35	20	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	95	50	45	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	1,275	600	675	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	90	50	35	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	377,765	183,140	194,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	351,525	170,335	181,190	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	70,230	35,860	34,375	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	281,295	134,480	146,815	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	26,245	12,800	13,440	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	377,770	183,140	194,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	286,460	139,195	147,265	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	83,375	39,820	43,555	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	26,455	12,560	13,895	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	11,605	5,565	6,035	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	14,520	7,030	7,490	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	19,235	9,090	10,150	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	9,005	4,225	4,785	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	10,225	4,865	5,360	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	11,560	5,575	5,985	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	7,930	4,115	3,815	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	83,375	39,820	43,555	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	10,200	5,130	5,070	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	17,220	8,835	8,380	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	17,655	7,910	9,745	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	32,440	15,205	17,230	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	5,870	2,740	3,130	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	83,380	39,825	43,555	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	14,305	6,595	7,710	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	325	175	155	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	3,335	1,500	1,840	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	1,615	760	860	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	485	225	265	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	105	50	55	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	1,110	570	540	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	570	240	325	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	140	55	80	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	600	285	315	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,555	1,540	2,015	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	2,470	1,200	1,265	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	32,980	15,800	17,180	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,120	580	545	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	840	420	415	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	270	125	140	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	1,965	975	995	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	1,105	565	545	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	810	380	425	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	540	295	245	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	2,065	1,090	975	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	1,840	840	995	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	4,180	1,915	2,260	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	3,340	1,660	1,680	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	910	440	465	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	505	225	280	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	500	255	245	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	620	250	365	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	8,885	4,050	4,835	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	3,485	1,720	1,760	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	5,220	2,620	2,605	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	80	45	40	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	1,070	575	500	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	310	145	165	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	280	130	150	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	30	10	20	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	305	165	140	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	225	110	120	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	445	245	200	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	2,470	1,195	1,275	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	30,565	14,625	15,940	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	580	285	290	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	325	160	170	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,780	1,675	2,105	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	645	305	340	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	3,280	1,665	1,615	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,135	535	600	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	2,735	1,375	1,355	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	190	65	125	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,065	980	1,085	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	1,735	900	835	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	1,530	770	765	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	2,250	840	1,415	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	240	110	135	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,115	1,035	1,080	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	170	70	100	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	1,620	720	900	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	6,165	3,140	3,025	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	305	185	120	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,565	5,580	5,985	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	1,865	830	1,035	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	40	25	15	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	590	230	370	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	65	30	35	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	50	25	25	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	120	80	45	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	100	35	60	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	455	225	230	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	75	30	45	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	360	155	215	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	860	460	400	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	30	20	20	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	50	20	25	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	880	400	480
Romania	45	20	30	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	70	20	45	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	85	35	55	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	225	150	80	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	330	185	145	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	1,075	530	540	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	15	0	10	415	180	240
Cameroon	60	30	35	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	25	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	15	605	245	360
Egypt	295	155	145	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	65	50	20	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	15	0	15	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	10	0	0	655	275	375
Nigeria	75	35	35	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	35	25	15	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	20	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	15	0	10	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	355	155	205	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	7,720	3,735	3,985	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	125	65	60	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	95	55	45	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	930	425	505	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	1,985	800	1,190
India	1,000	530	475	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	260	130	130	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	915	435	475	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	20	10	10	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	50	20	25	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	395	205	190	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	195	90	100	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	250	130	115	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	260	135	125	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	535	205	335	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	175	75	100	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	45	25	20	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,230	620	615	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	15	10	10	1,015	435	580
Turkey	75	35	40	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	170	105	60	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	65	15	55	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	905	420	485	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	20	25	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	25	10	20	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	15	10	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	377,765	183,135	194,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	93,475	45,120	48,360	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	80,125	39,430	40,695	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	204,165	98,585	105,575	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	57,775	27,675	30,105	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	23,900	11,955	11,945	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	8,160	5,500	2,660	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	15,740	6,455	9,285	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	13,870	5,390	8,485	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	19,470	10,085	9,385	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	530	245	290	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	377,765	183,140	194,625	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	9,755	4,460	5,300	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	9,430	4,305	5,120	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,075	3,155	3,925	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	2,275	1,100	1,175	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	80	55	25	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	65	30	35	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	265	125	135	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	368,010	178,675	189,330	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	377,770	183,140	194,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,690	1,995	2,695	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	373,080	181,145	191,940	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	377,770	183,140	194,625	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,605	1,165	1,440	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,595	1,160	1,435	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,330	1,010	1,325	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	235	135	100	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	10	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	10	10	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	0	10	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	11,575	5,295	6,280	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	11,450	5,245	6,210	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,940	4,060	4,880	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,380	1,095	1,285	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	85	50	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	120	50	65	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	35	60	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	363,580	176,675	186,910	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	377,765	183,140	194,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	74,735	36,900	37,830	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	11,560	5,880	5,685	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	10,350	4,885	5,465	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	11,290	5,775	5,520	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	3,475	1,465	2,005	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	9,035	4,350	4,685	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	13,580	7,055	6,525	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	4,380	2,110	2,265	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	3,215	1,540	1,675	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	3,260	1,550	1,710	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	635	290	350	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,695	890	800	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,255	1,100	1,150	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	303,035	146,235	156,800	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	377,765	183,140	194,625	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	14,185	6,460	7,715	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,400	5,130	6,275	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	185	125	65	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	2,725	1,275	1,455	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	101,235	48,850	52,390	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	415	195	215	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	4,695	2,290	2,405	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	97,880	47,150	50,735	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	10	10	10	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	260	130	135	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	15	0	0	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	30	20	15	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	70	30	40	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	10	675	375	300
European origins	264,765	127,245	137,520	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	179,815	85,960	93,855	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	10	0	15	1,120	530	590
Cornish	25	15	10	755	370	385
English	107,605	50,845	56,760	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	75,165	34,850	40,315	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	110	85	25	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	79,135	37,695	41,440	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	7,370	3,505	3,870	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	12,805	5,890	6,915	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	36,045	16,655	19,385	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	45	10	30	1,235	495	740
Breton	0	0	10	290	175	120
Corsican	0	10	0	205	125	85
French	36,005	16,650	19,360	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	69,235	33,100	36,140	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	2,000	1,015	990	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	20	20	0	450	225	230
Belgian	3,250	1,490	1,755	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	23,750	11,445	12,305	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	300	155	150	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	65	25	35	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	43,960	21,065	22,895	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	15	10	10	915	500	415
Swiss	1,500	645	855	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	25	25	10	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,070	3,725	4,340	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	2,200	1,080	1,120	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	1,385	570	815	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	310	160	150	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	1,985	925	1,060	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	2,120	935	1,185	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	610	265	350	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	39,700	19,295	20,410	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	310	110	200	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	490	245	250	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	1,525	760	760	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	440	225	215	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	270	140	130	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	6,170	3,090	3,080	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	370	165	205	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	990	495	500	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	25	10	15	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	16,755	8,105	8,650	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	2,555	1,220	1,340	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	4,610	2,215	2,395	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	1,330	670	660	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	10,070	4,860	5,210	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	120	60	55	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	45,595	22,625	22,965	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	1,195	600	590	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	1,105	605	500	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	20	15	0	285	180	110
Croatian	2,385	1,215	1,170	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	130	45	80	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	4,835	2,390	2,440	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	18,840	9,365	9,465	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	195	105	85	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	425	210	215	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	1,440	720	715	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	75	35	40	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	9,855	4,930	4,930	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	1,825	925	900	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	110	45	65	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	830	440	395	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	4,735	2,155	2,580	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	905	430	480	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	45	30	15	965	425	540
Other European origins	1,930	950	975	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	35	15	25	1,585	805	780
Jewish	1,040	475	565	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	50	20	30	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	80	55	20	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	725	390	340	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	6,770	3,455	3,315	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	20	0	15	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	125	60	60	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	615	350	265	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	60	25	30	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	15	0	10	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	365	180	185	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	175	80	95	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	175	85	85	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	210	120	85	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	3,605	1,840	1,770	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	10	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	0	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	20	15	0	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	70	35	30	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	930	495	435	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	55	35	25	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	480	205	275	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	235	120	115	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,325	5,475	5,850	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	325	155	160	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	0	0	0	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	175	85	95	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	40	20	15	810	395	415
Bolivian	20	0	15	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	340	175	160	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	335	155	180	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	4,185	1,960	2,220	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	50	25	25	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	75	45	25	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	335	180	155	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	830	380	445	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	295	130	165	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	170	80	90	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	110	70	45	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	1,155	540	615	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	515	270	245	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	35	25	10	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	10	10	0	600	280	320
Peruvian	235	120	110	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	1,940	960	990	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	20	0	15	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	285	130	160	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	435	230	200	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	10,110	5,270	4,835	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	1,470	745	725	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	0	0	0	965	540	425
Angolan	50	30	20	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	25	0	20	1,205	620	585
Beninese	0	0	0	555	280	270
Burkinabe	0	0	0	415	190	225
Cameroonian	100	45	55	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Congolese	215	110	105	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	0	0	0	1,025	545	480
Ewe	0	0	0	180	95	80
Gabonese	0	0	0	170	80	90
Gambian	0	0	0	630	305	330
Ghanaian	340	175	165	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	15	0	0	1,105	550	560
Ibo	35	20	10	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	20	0	15	1,350	600	745
Liberian	105	45	60	770	365	405
Malian	0	0	0	490	250	240
Malinké	15	10	15	345	160	185
Nigerian	435	225	205	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	0	0	0	135	80	55
Senegalese	0	10	0	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	10	0	10	1,175	585	585
Togolese	0	0	0	670	370	300
Wolof	0	0	0	80	45	35
Yoruba	105	50	60	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	75	45	30	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	3,190	1,785	1,400	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	90	45	50	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	30	15	15	1,845	985	860
Coptic	50	30	25	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	80	30	45	205	110	95
Egyptian	1,715	955	760	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	250	130	120	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	0	0	0	290	160	125
Moroccan	90	30	60	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	810	490	325	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	85	45	35	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	50	25	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	3,135	1,535	1,605	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	0	0	0	560	285	275
Amhara	30	10	20	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	25	20	870	455	415
Burundian	70	40	30	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	50	25	25	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	570	295	270	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	620	285	340	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	125	60	65	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	430	200	230
Mauritian	25	20	10	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	25	0	25	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	90	30	65	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	10	0	10	350	140	205
Somali	600	280	315	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	535	280	255	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	20	10	10	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	25	15	10	770	395	375
Ugandan	115	55	55	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	15	0	10	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	95	45	45	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	20	10	10	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	250	115	135	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	2,465	1,280	1,180	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	375	205	180	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,095	1,085	1,005	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	55,905	27,230	28,670	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	20,525	10,380	10,145	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	860	415	445	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	2,640	1,370	1,270	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	285	125	160	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	1,065	545	520	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	70	30	40	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	0	0	10	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	15	10	0	680	390	290
Iranian	1,785	880	900	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	2,510	1,270	1,240	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	145	85	65	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	620	330	290	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	20	15	10	1,325	610	715
Kurd	985	520	465	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	20	10	10	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	340	130	210
Lebanese	4,715	2,395	2,315	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	2,340	1,140	1,195	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	35	15	20	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	310	170	140	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	2,270	1,100	1,165	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	40	25	15	1,850	880	970
Tatar	30	15	15	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	1,025	530	505	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	50	35	15	695	345	355
Uighur	55	35	20	755	385	375
Uzbek	40	25	15	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	75	30	45	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	975	530	445	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	11,895	5,990	5,910	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	275	140	140	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	200	80	120	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	515	225	295	1,450	710	735
East Indian	8,110	4,130	3,980	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	65	35	30	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	10	10	10	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	20	10	10	1,795	900	895
Nepali	415	225	190	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	1,765	895	865	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	300	155	145	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	95	45	50	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	350	155	190	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	115	60	55	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	585	280	300	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	23,945	11,080	12,865	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	180	100	80	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,455	715	740	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	11,950	5,520	6,425	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	3,990	1,720	2,265	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	245	130	115	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	800	365	445	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	110	55	55	1,645	830	815
Korean	3,315	1,575	1,740	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	260	145	120	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	85	25	55	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	85	50	35	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	10	0	10	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	115	60	60	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	195	95	100	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	20	10	10	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	2,740	1,245	1,500	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	70	30	40	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	235	120	120	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	235	115	115	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	595	285	315	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	350	190	165	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	155	50	105	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	90	45	45	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	30	10	20	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	0	0	0	470	235	240
Maori	25	15	10	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	275	115	165
Samoan	10	0	0	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	15	15	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	162,895	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	98,075	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	64,820	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	162,895	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	24,220	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	138,670	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	162,895	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	610	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	25,015	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	41,385	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	59,850	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	36,040	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	162,895	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	44,670	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	21,820	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	23,625	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	21,815	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	50,960	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	162,890	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	160,690	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,205	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	162,895	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	155,620	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	7,275	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	162,895	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	40,010	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	51,285	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	24,310	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	18,000	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	9,910	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	11,065	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	8,310	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	162,895	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	153,505	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	9,390	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	162,895	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	98,565	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	60,695	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,630	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	162,890	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	8,435	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	26,225	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	25,985	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	31,640	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	30,780	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	21,940	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	12,895	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	4,990	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	162,720	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	118,195	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	44,520	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	37,940	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	98,065	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.0	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,120	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,223	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,927	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	296,305	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	64,820	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.5	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.4	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	875	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	940	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	315,875	151,550	164,325	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	51,630	25,585	26,040	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	88,360	44,510	43,855	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175,885	81,450	94,435	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,630	11,985	5,645	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	9,000	5,315	3,690	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,630	6,675	1,955	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	72,700	30,650	42,055	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,505	2,510	3,000	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,045	36,310	43,735	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	50,420	21,530	28,885	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,445	2,300	3,145	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,435	1,890	1,545	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	15,920	7,445	8,475	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,830	3,145	1,680	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	203,730	98,030	105,705	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,195	10,720	9,480	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	49,550	26,270	23,275	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	133,985	61,040	72,945	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,790	7,955	3,835	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,220	3,675	2,545	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,565	4,275	1,290	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	55,965	24,035	31,930	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,800	1,730	2,075	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	62,430	27,325	35,105	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	38,640	16,145	22,495	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,090	1,615	2,470	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,790	1,380	1,405	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	13,055	5,800	7,255	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,855	2,380	1,480	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	315,875	151,545	164,325	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	139,990	70,095	69,890	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	10,060	2,550	7,510	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	10,065	2,555	7,505	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,210	3,375	3,830	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,385	1,090	290	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	5,825	2,285	3,540	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	11,655	4,685	6,970	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	880	220	660	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	3,335	1,015	2,325	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,400	950	1,450	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	95	20	75	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,005	545	455	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,120	655	460	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	2,080	1,160	925	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	745	125	620	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	24,810	8,175	16,630	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	240	30	210	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,665	750	915	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,860	395	4,465	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	3,620	1,115	2,505	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	425	130	300	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	4,130	1,025	3,110	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	9,860	4,740	5,120	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	33,190	13,690	19,500	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	90	30	65	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,675	715	2,955	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,425	12,940	16,485	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,705	3,830	3,875	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,795	1,730	2,060	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,340	600	740	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	30	85	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	2,100	1,360	745	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	355	110	245	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,730	5,045	2,685	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,630	4,120	1,510	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	845	185	665	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,170	700	465	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	80	40	45	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	29,605	26,930	2,675	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	1,200	850	360	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	6,945	5,650	1,300	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,795	6,195	595	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	5,430	5,290	140	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,665	5,540	125	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	3,565	3,405	155	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,400	1,480	925	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,635	1,005	630	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	760	475	290	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	31,815	7,120	24,700	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,830	1,490	1,345	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	27,755	4,950	22,800	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,230	680	550	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,685	4,565	5,115	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	5,545	1,415	4,130	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	10	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	2,765	1,910	860	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,290	1,165	125	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	25	10	20	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	10	20	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	203,730	98,025	105,700	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	69,750	36,990	32,760	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	6,720	1,560	5,160	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	6,725	1,560	5,160	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,605	2,615	2,990	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,015	775	235	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	4,590	1,835	2,755	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	8,520	3,300	5,220	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	660	165	495	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	685	1,785	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,665	650	1,020	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	75	20	60	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	805	430	370	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	760	440	320	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	1,565	845	720	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	515	60	455	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	19,460	6,275	13,190	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215	25	185	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,340	585	755	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,800	320	3,480	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	3,085	810	2,270	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	350	105	245	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	3,090	745	2,350	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	7,580	3,680	3,895	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	25,780	10,320	15,455	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	20	60	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,970	530	2,440	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,735	9,770	12,965	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,805	2,760	3,050	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,950	1,275	1,675	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	955	415	540	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	100	25	75	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	1,565	975	590	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	245	75	170	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,535	4,275	2,260	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,955	3,610	1,340	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	650	135	515	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	860	495	360	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	30	45	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	22,155	19,940	2,215	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	1,030	735	295	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	5,380	4,285	1,095	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,250	4,745	505	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	3,815	3,720	95	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,130	4,035	100	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	2,550	2,420	130	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,875	1,115	765	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,270	745	520	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	605	365	240	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	24,115	5,365	18,750	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,110	1,030	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	20,965	3,755	17,210	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,010	500	505	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,385	3,510	3,870	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	4,065	1,040	3,025	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	20	0	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	2,255	1,515	735	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,005	905	100	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	30	10	15	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	10	15	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	315,875	151,550	164,325	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	139,990	70,095	69,895	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	175,885	81,455	94,430	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	148,775	67,755	81,020	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	140,390	63,815	76,580	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	8,380	3,940	4,440	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	27,115	13,695	13,415	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,465	2,460	2,010	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	1,095	355	745	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	2,220	1,180	1,035	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,895	1,665	1,230	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,665	720	945	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	160	95	70	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	14,615	7,225	7,385	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	203,730	98,030	105,700	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	69,745	36,990	32,760	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	133,985	61,040	72,945	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	113,750	51,395	62,355	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	107,885	48,595	59,295	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	5,865	2,800	3,065	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20,230	9,645	10,590	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,275	1,715	1,555	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	920	295	625	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	1,670	810	860	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,390	770	620	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,370	590	775	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	115	70	50	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	11,500	5,395	6,100	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	315,875	151,545	164,325	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	199,705	101,660	98,045	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	183,900	93,170	90,725	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	15,810	8,490	7,320	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	116,170	49,885	66,280	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	63.2	67.1	59.7	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	58.2	61.5	55.2	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.4	7.5	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	315,875	151,550	164,325	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	110,805	47,870	62,935	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	205,065	103,680	101,390	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	105,310	57,240	48,075	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	99,755	46,440	53,315	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.3	42.5	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	199,705	101,660	98,045	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,325	2,715	2,610	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	194,380	98,950	95,430	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	175,190	86,855	88,340	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	19,190	12,095	7,095	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	199,705	101,660	98,045	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,325	2,710	2,610	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	194,385	98,945	95,435	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	18,510	10,920	7,590	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	28,620	8,720	19,900	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,945	9,365	2,580	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	16,830	3,910	12,920	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	26,315	8,870	17,440	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,650	2,640	3,010	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	49,760	22,110	27,645	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	24,075	22,715	1,360	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,150	1,755	395	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10,525	7,940	2,580	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	199,710	101,660	98,045	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,325	2,715	2,615	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	194,380	98,950	95,430	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	950	590	360	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	230	25	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	970	725	240	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	11,770	10,545	1,225	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	19,280	14,515	4,770	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	6,215	4,415	1,800	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	22,985	10,985	11,995	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,675	6,075	1,600	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	3,675	1,920	1,755	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	11,445	4,730	6,710	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,640	1,975	1,665	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,905	7,175	5,725	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	60	90	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,045	5,790	4,255	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	19,395	7,115	12,280	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	27,970	5,870	22,105	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,225	2,180	2,045	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	14,980	6,450	8,535	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,320	3,595	4,720	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	7,515	3,995	3,520	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	183,895	93,170	90,730	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	11,245	5,605	5,635	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	895	660	235	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	19,315	14,030	5,290	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	152,445	72,875	79,565	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	152,440	72,875	79,565	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	132,495	59,935	72,560	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,725	3,340	2,380	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,870	9,380	4,490	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	350	220	135	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	171,755	86,900	84,855	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	129,405	67,690	61,715	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	12,620	5,365	7,255	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	15,830	6,585	9,240	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	10,195	4,910	5,290	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	2,105	1,545	565	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	1,600	810	790	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	171,760	86,905	84,855	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	50,895	23,555	27,345	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	78,430	38,655	39,775	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	26,530	14,795	11,730	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	7,200	4,095	3,100	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	8,710	5,800	2,905	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	171,760	86,905	84,855	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	8,600	5,850	2,745	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	26,290	16,020	10,265	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	44,860	22,445	22,415	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	39,660	16,405	23,255	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20,545	8,900	11,650	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	31,800	17,280	14,520	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	211,840	107,145	104,695	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	209,885	106,305	103,585	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	208,465	105,525	102,940	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	207,275	105,215	102,065	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	1,190	310	875	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	1,420	775	645	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,420	775	640	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	135	50	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	130	55	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	10	0	10	75	30	45
Arabic	165	125	35	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	50	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	15	95	50	50
Vietnamese	70	30	40	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	10	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	490	245	245	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	110	40	70	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	110	45	70	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	10	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	50	15	30	1,925	960	960
Russian	45	25	25	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	10	0	10	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	10	0	0	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	0	0	0	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	10	0	0	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	10	0	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	10	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	20	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	10	0	0	335	160	170
Gujarati	0	0	0	730	255	475
Hindi	10	10	10	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	0	0	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	0	0	0	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	30	20	0	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	0	10	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	25	20	10	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	305	165	145	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	0	10	0	945	505	445
Portuguese	65	40	25	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	0	0	0	300	140	160
Spanish	235	120	120	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	10	0	10	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	125	60	60	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	10	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	25	810	295	515
American Sign Language	40	0	30	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	255	185	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	435	250	185	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	120	75	45	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	295	170	125	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0	15	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	0	235	95	145
Lao	15	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	0	0	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	10	10	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	10	0	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	10	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	1,950	840	1,110	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	605	210	400	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	1,315	625	695	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	0	0	0	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	25	10	20	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	211,840	107,140	104,695	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	203,615	103,535	100,075	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	1,440	565	870	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	2,330	815	1,520	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	4,265	2,160	2,100	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	20	10	10	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	4,240	2,150	2,090	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	15	10	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	20	0	20	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	160	60	100	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	373,700	181,145	192,560	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	314,100	152,060	162,040	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	59,600	29,080	30,515	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	39,165	19,280	19,880	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	20,435	9,805	10,635	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	14,550	6,860	7,690	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	12,005	5,590	6,420	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	2,545	1,275	1,270	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	5,890	2,940	2,945	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	357,380	172,675	184,710	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	204,960	98,620	106,340	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	152,425	74,045	78,370	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	96,800	47,085	49,715	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	55,620	26,960	28,660	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	38,060	18,275	19,790	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	32,630	15,680	16,950	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	5,435	2,595	2,840	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	17,555	8,690	8,870	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. London [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census London [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]