Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Population centre]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Map : Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	5,429,524	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,144,412 ^r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.5	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,059,207	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,967,380	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,028.2	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,792.99	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	5,429,540	2,630,030	2,799,510	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	886,880	455,160	431,725	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	279,435	143,100	136,330	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	303,845	155,985	147,855	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	303,605	156,065	147,540	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	3,752,140	1,824,300	1,927,840	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	333,875	171,965	161,915	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	383,245	195,315	187,930	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	398,310	196,715	201,595	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	388,955	187,000	201,955	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	371,100	174,030	197,075	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	377,095	177,105	199,985	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	401,610	191,170	210,440	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	419,655	204,850	214,810	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	372,655	180,855	191,795	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	305,640	145,295	160,345	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	790,515	350,565	439,945	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	257,495	121,000	136,495	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	180,655	83,640	97,015	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	140,090	62,395	77,705	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	104,975	45,295	59,685	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	107,290	38,240	69,050	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	67,280	26,150	41,130	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	31,290	9,890	21,400	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	7,520	1,985	5,540	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	1,195	220	980	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.3	15.4	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.4	68.9	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	14.6	13.3	15.7	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.8	38.7	40.7	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	39.4	38.1	40.4	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,967,380	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	721,585	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	622,945	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	622,360	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	148,745	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	178,590	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85,880	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	205,820	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,320	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	495	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,967,380	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	492,315	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	547,370	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	343,060	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	340,325	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	244,310	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,370,520	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	4,542,655	2,174,870	2,367,785	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	2,503,410	1,251,495	1,251,915	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	2,243,340	1,119,090	1,124,250	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	260,075	132,405	127,665	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	2,039,245	923,375	1,115,870	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	1,439,665	744,990	694,675	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	119,725	46,900	72,830	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	253,000	90,060	162,945	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	226,850	41,430	185,420	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,481,755	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	623,865	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	365,285	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	353,935	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	138,675	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,481,755	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	1,208,530	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	1,078,590	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	129,945	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	273,230	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	227,295	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	45,930	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,208,530	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	461,640	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	746,890	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	286,260	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	330,465	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	130,170	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	273,225	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	162,225	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	79,025	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	31,980	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	875,705	394,065	481,640	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,967,380	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	1,299,140	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	391,905	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	907,235	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	87,660	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	580,575	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	492,310	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,265	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	4,700,275	2,324,460	2,375,810	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	4,635	1,940	2,695	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	431,595	187,195	244,400	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	252,930	100,320	152,610	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	5,023,255	2,461,895	2,561,360	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	66,870	30,880	35,990	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	49,885	22,535	27,355	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	249,425	98,610	150,810	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	91,815	42,145	49,670	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.6	1.8	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	5,163,885	2,504,960	2,658,915	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	2,749,615	1,362,280	1,387,335	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	2,690,050	1,334,640	1,355,410	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	59,565	27,640	31,930	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	2,414,265	1,142,680	1,271,580	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	530	235	295	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	365	160	200	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	10	5	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	35	65	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	5	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	10	5	5	85	40	45
Naskapi	5	0	5	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	5	0	5	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	5	15	355	135	225
Woods Cree	5	5	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	50	15	35	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	10	15	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	225	105	120	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	5	0	5	65	30	35
Ojibway	195	95	100	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	5	5	0	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	5	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	5	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	35	15	25	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	30	15	20	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	15	5	10	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	5	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	75	40	40	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,413,740	1,142,445	1,271,290	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	134,720	67,180	67,540	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	210	120	85	725	405	320
Kabyle	100	50	45	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	70	40	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	14,355	6,170	8,185	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	75	45	35	250	140	110
Oromo	1,000	490	515	1,445	720	730
Somali	13,210	5,605	7,610	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	225	115	110
Semitic languages	119,800	60,705	59,100	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	7,410	3,350	4,060	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	81,030	41,680	39,345	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,715	4,745	4,970	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,760	880	875	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	925	440	485	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	10,220	5,460	4,760	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	3,225	1,585	1,640	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	4,690	2,145	2,545	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	835	415	415	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	170	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	49,620	22,650	26,970	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,850	1,285	1,570	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	46,705	21,345	25,365	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	25	40	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	156,930	62,290	94,640	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	455	200	255	595	260	330
Cebuano	4,960	1,980	2,980	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	55	25	25	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	2,260	865	1,390	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	9,290	3,630	5,660	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	25	10	15	100	45	55
Malay	4,235	1,910	2,325	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,245	560	685	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	455	185	270	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	132,655	52,415	80,230	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	310	100	205	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	995	400	595	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	5,370	2,505	2,870	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	200	95	105	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	3,300	1,555	1,750	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,870	850	1,015	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	128,815	63,390	65,420	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	1,955	980	975	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	12,100	6,220	5,880	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	105,815	51,355	54,455	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	8,680	4,710	3,970	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	135	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	1,297,780	627,740	670,040	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	12,905	6,435	6,470	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	12,190	5,880	6,310	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	247,160	113,045	134,115	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	5,180	2,060	3,120	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	2,130	855	1,280	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	3,045	1,210	1,840	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	241,985	110,985	131,000	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	350	165	185	515	230	280
Bosnian	2,655	1,285	1,365	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	6,735	3,245	3,490	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	14,560	6,925	7,640	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	4,455	2,075	2,380	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	11,265	5,345	5,920	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	64,390	29,060	35,330	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	80,190	36,365	43,825	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	20,780	10,105	10,675	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	2,355	1,100	1,255	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	4,910	2,285	2,625	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,385	1,465	1,915	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	25,480	11,325	14,155	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	230	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	410	190	220	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	150	65	80	450	210	240
Welsh	125	50	75	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	225	120	110
Germanic languages	39,530	17,780	21,745	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	885	430	455	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	1,270	565	705	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	6,765	3,165	3,600	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	100	45	55	1,240	630	620
German	25,400	11,270	14,130	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	85	40	40	210	100	110
Norwegian	345	155	190	940	405	540
Swedish	1,045	445	595	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	90	155	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	3,335	1,545	1,795	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	170	80	85
Greek	39,575	19,195	20,380	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	567,140	285,560	281,580	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	456,675	230,085	226,585	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	37,850	19,030	18,815	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	62,495	31,320	31,175	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	46,605	23,420	23,190	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	260	135	125	345	170	175
Konkani	2,105	995	1,110	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	4,350	2,215	2,140	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	4,605	2,315	2,290	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	570	310	265	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165,565	84,145	81,415	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	5,585	2,605	2,980	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,580	3,660	3,920	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	119,105	59,940	59,165	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	108,615	54,495	54,125	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	2,710	1,515	1,195	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	7,425	3,820	3,605	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	98,475	49,155	49,325	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,850	980	865	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	378,865	179,655	199,210	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	160	85	75	285	150	135
Italian	137,515	65,390	72,125	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	97,295	46,505	50,790	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	23,740	11,070	12,670	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	119,935	56,500	63,440	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	420	200	215
Japanese	9,440	3,285	6,150	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	1,100	590	510	1,200	635	565
Georgian	1,100	590	510	1,200	635	565
Korean	53,940	24,750	29,190	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	345	160	190	405	180	220
Mongolian	345	155	190	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	23,670	11,085	12,580	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	8,365	3,850	4,515	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	55	25	30	140	60	80
Edo	1,015	410	605	1,140	475	670
Ewe	360	180	180	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	220	115	105	365	180	185
Ga	430	195	235	600	275	325
Ganda	500	240	265	760	360	400
Igbo	1,495	765	735	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	375	175	195	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	350	165	185	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	205	1,330	545	785
Shona	655	305	340	1,455	660	790
Swahili	3,160	1,475	1,690	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	160	85	75	290	145	150
Yoruba	3,265	1,650	1,610	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,885	1,285	1,600	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	185	155	1,610	810	800
Dinka	45	25	15	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	1,060	585	485	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	360	195	165	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	700	385	315	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	507,190	235,560	271,630	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	500,745	232,420	268,320	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	242,915	112,790	130,125	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	6,385	2,865	3,525	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	223,015	103,800	119,215	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	760	365	395	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,360	5,250	6,115	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,220	2,345	2,875	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,895	4,915	5,980	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,445	3,140	3,305	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	995	445	550	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	270	130	140	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	4,855	2,395	2,460	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	170	160	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	3,660	1,495	2,175	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	2,090	1,010	1,075	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	1,555	475	1,080	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	25	10	15
Turkic languages	16,295	8,475	7,810	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	1,590	855	740	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	13,345	6,965	6,375	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	370	185	190	515	255	260
Uzbek	580	295	290	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	400	180	220	640	295	345
Uralic languages	22,500	10,030	12,465	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	2,505	1,025	1,485	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	2,135	845	1,290	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	17,855	8,160	9,690	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	935	480	455	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	225,555	108,955	116,600	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	13,775	6,385	7,395	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	199,835	97,180	102,650	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	5,810	2,620	3,185	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	6,135	2,770	3,370	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	5,389,430	2,613,915	2,775,520	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	4,852,000	2,355,300	2,496,695	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	3,440,400	1,687,780	1,752,620	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	3,412,630	1,674,945	1,737,680	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	27,770	12,830	14,940	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	1,411,600	667,525	744,070	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	155	75	75	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	5	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	20	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	5	5	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	5	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	10	10	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	5	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,411,445	667,445	743,995	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	71,690	34,320	37,370	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	60	30	25	345	175	170
Kabyle	30	15	15	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	8,365	3,525	4,840	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	40	20	25	170	80	85
Oromo	545	255	295	805	380	425
Somali	7,750	3,240	4,510	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	110	50	65
Semitic languages	63,080	30,675	32,405	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	3,805	1,675	2,130	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	43,100	21,220	21,885	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,540	3,140	3,405	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,055	520	535	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	515	240	280	555	250	305
Hebrew	4,320	2,220	2,100	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	835	380	455	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	2,465	1,080	1,385	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	430	205	230	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,635	14,890	17,745	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,555	675	880	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	31,045	14,200	16,840	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	71,195	30,350	40,850	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	80	35	45	90	35	55
Cebuano	1,850	800	1,055	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	10	5	5	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	755	325	435	910	385	530
Ilocano	3,400	1,455	1,940	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	10	5	10	35	15	20
Malay	1,380	670	715	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	385	175	210	445	200	250
Pangasinan	80	35	40	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	62,885	26,685	36,200	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	75	30	45	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	380	175	200
Creole languages	2,790	1,290	1,505	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	120	55	65	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	1,915	885	1,030	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	760	350	410	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	85,480	41,250	44,230	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	805	405	400	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	6,220	3,175	3,045	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	73,640	35,095	38,550	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	4,720	2,535	2,185	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	695,550	333,855	361,695	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	6,225	3,115	3,110	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	7,350	3,475	3,875	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	129,425	60,445	68,980	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	1,600	660	935	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	575	235	340	860	350	515
Lithuanian	1,025	430	595	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	127,825	59,780	68,045	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	125	60	60	175	80	90
Bosnian	1,300	630	675	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	3,775	1,840	1,935	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	5,360	2,565	2,800	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	1,345	650	695	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	4,745	2,250	2,495	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	31,135	14,470	16,660	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	51,855	24,065	27,785	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	11,975	5,800	6,175	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	915	430	490	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	2,185	1,065	1,120	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	825	355	475	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	12,150	5,545	6,605	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	355	160	190
Celtic languages	60	30	25	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	60	30	25
Welsh	10	10	5	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	35	20	15
Germanic languages	4,725	2,150	2,580	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	250	110	135	755	365	390
Danish	120	50	65	280	135	150
Dutch	550	255	295	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	5	0	5	90	45	45
German	3,145	1,410	1,735	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	20	5	15	45	20	30
Norwegian	40	15	20	70	30	40
Swedish	215	100	115	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	145	60	85
Yiddish	350	175	175	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	655	315	340
Greek	16,600	7,760	8,845	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	355,150	175,850	179,300	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	282,005	140,240	141,765	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	24,325	12,005	12,325	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	37,390	18,335	19,060	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	23,355	11,620	11,735	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	45	20	25	65	30	35
Konkani	430	205	225	540	260	280
Marathi	1,955	1,005	950	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	3,040	1,540	1,500	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	270	135	140	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	112,680	56,685	55,995	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	2,405	1,100	1,310	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	1,685	1,760	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	72,660	35,910	36,745	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	72,405	35,235	37,170	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	1,440	780	660	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	4,695	2,355	2,340	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	66,275	32,095	34,175	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	740	375	360	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	176,010	81,040	94,970	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	80	40	40	135	60	75
Italian	48,970	20,920	28,055	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	48,110	23,050	25,055	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	11,610	5,390	6,225	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	67,175	31,610	35,565	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	110	50	60
Japanese	4,480	1,915	2,565	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	745	405	335	770	420	355
Georgian	740	405	340	775	420	355
Korean	37,770	17,625	20,140	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	200	105	100	225	115	110
Mongolian	205	105	100	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	8,870	3,960	4,905	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	4,015	1,740	2,280	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	15	5	10	25	15	15
Edo	295	120	175	305	120	180
Ewe	90	40	50	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	110	55	55
Ga	145	65	80	175	80	100
Ganda	150	70	85	195	85	110
Igbo	410	205	205	540	265	275
Lingala	90	40	55	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	420	160	260
Shona	225	105	115	455	210	245
Swahili	1,230	540	685	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	75	45	35	130	65	65
Yoruba	1,070	515	555	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	730	330	400	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	45	550	260	290
Dinka	10	5	5	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	425	195	225
Sign languages	1,660	965	700	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	555	295	260	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,105	660	440	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	378,605	177,030	201,575	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	374,020	174,765	199,255	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	179,480	82,480	97,000	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	2,675	1,215	1,465	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	176,695	84,105	92,590	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	240	105	135	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,980	2,280	2,700	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,090	1,450	1,640	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,775	3,100	3,675	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,585	2,260	2,325	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	570	260	305	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	210	105	110	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	3,700	1,835	1,860	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	1,530	715	810	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	970	470	495	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	550	240	305	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	9,285	4,650	4,635	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	640	325	315	770	385	380
Turkish	7,975	3,980	3,995	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	215	110	100	290	150	140
Uzbek	310	165	145	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	250	130	120
Uralic languages	8,560	3,920	4,640	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	630	230	395	790	290	500
Finnish	415	180	240	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	7,515	3,505	4,010	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	465	245	225
Multiple responses	537,435	258,615	278,825	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	12,185	5,585	6,600	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	512,690	247,515	265,170	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	2,330	1,030	1,300	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	10,240	4,485	5,750	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	4,059,895	1,975,765	2,084,135	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	573,230	280,980	292,255	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	48,015	20,920	27,090	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	683,225	324,520	358,710	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	435	185	250	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	682,790	324,330	358,460	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	3,820	1,765	2,055	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	13,105	6,410	6,695	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	7,895	3,445	4,455	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	250	115	135	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,014	35,486	27,686	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,410	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,692	32,291	25,941	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,735,375	1,836,390	1,898,990	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,152	37,338	27,784	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,068,395	1,352,495	1,715,905	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,123	998	3,741	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,153,650	1,595,810	1,557,845	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,317	38,641	30,510	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,830	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,255,475	2,041,985	2,213,490	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,118	59,794	41,191	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,256,160	2,042,200	2,213,965	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,278	46,588	34,458	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,735,945	1,836,465	1,899,480	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,862	62,449	41,625	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,068,135	1,352,300	1,715,830	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,363	5,481	7,058	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,153,965	1,596,085	1,557,885	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,662	60,906	42,192	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,488,180	818,260	669,925	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,941	60,166	51,725	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	74,842	84,302	63,286	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.8	93.9	86.7	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	79.6	72.0	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.2	6.1	13.3	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	230,610	109,860	120,750	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.8	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	763,555	347,080	416,480	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	770,435	327,705	442,735	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	545,305	236,955	308,355	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	426,865	193,445	233,420	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	371,190	172,520	198,670	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	294,250	143,010	151,240	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	231,875	119,655	112,220	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	181,995	98,550	83,450	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	144,615	80,165	64,445	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	122,530	65,300	57,230	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	402,130	257,465	144,665	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	244,815	148,925	95,890	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	157,310	108,540	48,770	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	229,915	109,680	120,235	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,415	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.9	94.8	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	776,015	351,385	424,630	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	800,145	341,855	458,290	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	622,175	273,000	349,175	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	506,890	233,435	273,455	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	428,590	204,910	223,685	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	313,515	160,735	152,780	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	229,640	125,710	103,935	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	176,635	96,460	80,175	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	401,835	254,535	147,295	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	118,825	67,420	51,400	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	71,215	44,080	27,140	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	211,795	143,035	68,760	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	1,331,700	555,895	775,805	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	3,153,650	1,595,805	1,557,845	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	70.3	74.2	66.8	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	396,680	186,410	210,270	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	263,610	119,885	143,725	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	435,350	205,860	229,490	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	343,395	158,605	184,785	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	309,985	145,840	164,145	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	283,815	135,050	148,765	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	231,700	117,150	114,550	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	185,380	98,655	86,730	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	148,890	83,255	65,635	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	554,845	345,095	209,755	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	121,685	69,155	52,525	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	108,555	57,950	50,600	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	324,605	217,980	106,625	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,967,380	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,518	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,196	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	492,315	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,284	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,101	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,475,070	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,630	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,323	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,967,555	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,395	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,128	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	492,475	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,739	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,666	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,475,085	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,975	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,304	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,967,380	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	45,670	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,255	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	48,970	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	72,860	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	69,080	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	71,255	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	72,655	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,045	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,960	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	72,565	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140,110	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	131,050	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	121,160	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,745	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	102,675	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	728,325	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205,845	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,570	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	178,280	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	194,630	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,967,380	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	48,175	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,565	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	49,785	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75,575	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75,690	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,360	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	82,540	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	87,000	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	89,295	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	87,435	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	167,070	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	152,470	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	139,615	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	123,875	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	106,420	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	572,520	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	204,555	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	133,630	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	234,340	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,418,695	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,279	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,950	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	381,755	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,997	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,015	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	745,680	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,062	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,348	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240,690	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,356	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,125	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,418,175	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,555	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,479	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	381,845	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	120,732	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	746,125	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,376	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,509	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	239,190	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,147	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,554	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	710,010	335,120	374,890	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,181	32,948	31,573	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,543	30,010	29,180	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	708,525	333,920	374,605	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,700	50,146	45,520	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,832	40,028	37,766	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	5,370,515	2,605,995	2,764,520	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,635,600	1,252,915	1,382,690	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	626,795	302,630	324,165	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	553,235	255,400	297,840	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	503,590	237,300	266,285	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	478,745	228,975	249,770	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	473,240	228,615	244,630	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	2,734,920	1,353,085	1,381,835	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	476,880	231,510	245,375	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	489,145	239,025	250,120	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	516,090	254,485	261,605	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	568,130	282,000	286,135	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	684,665	346,070	338,600	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	5,370,520	2,605,995	2,764,525	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	1,077,570	553,445	524,125	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	337,255	172,765	164,490	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	3,542,115	1,714,060	1,828,055	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	750,830	338,490	412,345	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	873,325	411,775	461,550	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	223,495	115,235	108,260	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	72,435	37,260	35,175	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	542,900	254,105	288,795	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	106,920	42,430	64,490	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.8	16.7	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.8	20.7	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	21.5	21.6	21.4	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.5	15.6	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	732,405	350,620	381,780	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	173,895	89,620	84,270	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	56,775	29,135	27,640	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	487,620	234,110	253,505	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	70,895	26,885	44,005	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.6	13.5	13.8	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	16.1	16.2	16.1	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	16.9	16.8	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	13.7	13.9	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.9	10.7	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	5,119,210	2,506,430	2,612,780	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	5,114,880	2,504,655	2,610,225	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	433,650	187,295	246,355	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	2,980,865	1,420,145	1,560,715	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	985	405	585	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	825	350	475	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	10	0	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	185	85	100	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	55	30	20	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	0	15	605	255	350
Woods Cree	15	10	0	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	25	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	595	240	355	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	15	10	10	205	95	105
Ojibway	560	230	330	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	10	0	0	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	15	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	10	0	10	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	55	15	40	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	45	15	35	1,625	710	915
Oneida	10	10	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	10	10	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	10	10	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	10
Siouan languages	10	0	10	40	10	30
Dakota	0	0	10	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	20	10	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,979,935	1,419,770	1,560,165	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	203,300	101,890	101,410	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	235	135	100	925	505	415
Kabyle	75	40	30	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	165	95	70	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	20,380	8,885	11,490	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	75	45	30	355	200	160
Oromo	1,390	590	800	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	18,905	8,230	10,675	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	370	170	205
Semitic languages	183,945	93,490	90,450	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	11,365	5,280	6,080	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	119,665	61,755	57,905	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	11,995	5,860	6,140	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,080	1,040	1,035	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	1,250	635	615	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	37,745	19,225	18,520	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	4,165	2,035	2,130	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	5,940	2,775	3,170	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,060	515	550	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	700	325	375	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	65,060	29,925	35,130	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,970	1,730	2,240	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	61,350	28,340	33,010	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	0	40	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	200,765	80,115	120,645	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	570	255	310	755	340	425
Cebuano	7,130	2,860	4,265	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	45	20	25	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	2,460	985	1,475	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	12,560	4,930	7,635	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	90	45	45	215	115	100
Malay	7,015	3,215	3,800	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,565	710	855	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	435	190	245	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	188,840	74,950	113,890	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	320	100	220	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,255	525	730	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	16,380	7,360	9,020	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	640	285	350	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	8,935	4,015	4,925	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	6,960	3,115	3,845	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	170,055	84,545	85,505	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	4,300	2,140	2,155	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	16,600	8,450	8,150	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	140,900	69,315	71,585	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	13,070	7,200	5,875	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	430	220	210	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	25	15	10	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	1,670,260	812,610	857,650	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	14,895	7,440	7,450	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	14,750	7,035	7,715	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	284,385	132,330	152,055	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	6,090	2,475	3,610	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	2,500	1,045	1,450	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	3,595	1,430	2,165	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	279,935	130,535	149,400	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	915	480	440	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	4,205	2,040	2,170	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	7,750	3,770	3,980	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	21,210	10,340	10,865	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	5,935	2,820	3,115	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	15,485	7,385	8,100	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	77,395	35,400	41,995	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	107,415	49,880	57,540	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	26,595	13,150	13,440	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	2,775	1,330	1,440	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	5,750	2,655	3,100	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,940	1,735	2,210	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	36,660	16,375	20,285	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	600	350	250	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	1,780	915	865	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	595	300	295	1,480	720	765
Welsh	215	95	120	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	970	520	450	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	72,330	34,390	37,940	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	3,975	1,955	2,015	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	1,865	840	1,025	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	9,510	4,470	5,045	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	145	60	90	1,655	820	835
German	49,225	23,465	25,760	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	120	55	65	285	130	155
Norwegian	870	415	455	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	2,375	1,085	1,290	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	105	145	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	6,480	3,185	3,300	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	57,745	28,385	29,355	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	735,150	371,350	363,800	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	612,745	310,215	302,530	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	47,600	24,185	23,415	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	85,245	42,705	42,540	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	201,555	102,590	98,970	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	460	230	230	600	300	300
Konkani	4,875	2,200	2,670	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	8,470	4,365	4,100	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	6,345	3,140	3,205	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	900	430	465	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235,230	120,835	114,395	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	9,210	4,295	4,915	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,575	7,335	7,240	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	180,400	91,380	89,020	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	127,535	63,570	63,965	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	3,760	2,120	1,635	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	10,905	5,795	5,110	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	117,090	58,090	58,995	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,395	1,840	1,555	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	525,885	248,355	277,525	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	305	155	145	515	275	240
Italian	199,425	94,670	104,750	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	125,025	59,945	65,080	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	27,960	12,960	15,000	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	195,365	91,080	104,280	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	625	305	315	1,355	745	605
Japanese	17,015	7,335	9,680	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	1,455	740	715	1,555	775	780
Georgian	1,455	740	715	1,555	770	785
Korean	61,135	28,600	32,535	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	440	190	250	515	225	285
Mongolian	445	190	255	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	46,505	22,145	24,365	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	13,440	6,225	7,215	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	200	115	90	385	195	185
Edo	1,875	820	1,055	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	505	260	240	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	700	320	375
Ga	985	475	510	1,340	645	695
Ganda	830	395	435	1,225	550	675
Igbo	2,905	1,440	1,460	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	2,015	875	1,140	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	510	250	255	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	285	370	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	1,105	485	620	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	10,070	4,960	5,110	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	410	190	225	730	355	375
Yoruba	7,685	3,850	3,830	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,145	2,845	3,300	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	450	255	195	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	65	50	20	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	385	210	175	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	5,265	2,275	2,990	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	3,045	1,150	1,895	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,290	1,165	1,130	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	570,420	267,755	302,665	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	563,390	264,295	299,095	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	300,575	139,720	160,855	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	7,110	3,120	3,990	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	308,025	143,345	164,680	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	710	290	420	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,725	6,150	7,575	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,805	3,170	3,640	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,310	5,130	6,180	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	65	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,410	3,665	3,745	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	1,325	605	720	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	250	115	135	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	5,420	2,705	2,720	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	495	285	210	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	4,720	2,005	2,715	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	2,635	1,250	1,385	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	2,340	880	1,465	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	30	10	20
Turkic languages	24,065	12,495	11,575	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	2,625	1,330	1,300	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	20,195	10,535	9,665	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	490	225	260	700	350	345
Uzbek	785	425	365	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	540	250	290	915	450	465
Uralic languages	25,660	11,605	14,055	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	2,750	1,190	1,560	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	2,450	1,025	1,425	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	20,515	9,410	11,105	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,175	1,100	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,635	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,666,240	2,271,285	2,394,950	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	988,125	507,650	480,475	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,678,115	1,763,635	1,914,475	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	704,790	335,105	369,680	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,635	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,647,660	1,325,780	1,321,875	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,588,715	1,213,600	1,375,110	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	570,800	264,690	306,105	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	354,720	169,415	185,300	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	615,195	286,895	328,300	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	701,370	328,685	372,685	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	364,605	171,720	192,885	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	336,765	156,965	179,800	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	346,635	163,920	182,715	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	134,650	67,010	67,640	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,588,710	1,213,605	1,375,110	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	210,560	104,680	105,885	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	425,730	214,310	211,420	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	561,010	248,975	312,035	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	1,112,050	520,805	591,245	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	279,360	124,830	154,525	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,588,715	1,213,605	1,375,115	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	393,895	174,345	219,550	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	10,010	4,705	5,305	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	16,110	7,390	8,715	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	10,615	5,280	5,335	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	67,295	29,760	37,535	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	2,555	1,200	1,355	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	97,095	40,495	56,600	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	10,595	4,710	5,885	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	7,685	3,415	4,270	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	41,765	18,320	23,445	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	43,175	20,260	22,915	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	86,995	38,800	48,195	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	568,320	267,530	300,790	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,230	4,565	4,665	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	11,040	5,225	5,810	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	6,595	3,095	3,500	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	19,960	9,295	10,665	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	26,890	13,115	13,780	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	11,185	5,045	6,140	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	7,445	3,635	3,810	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	95,175	46,030	49,150	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	5,940	2,870	3,075	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	53,330	23,935	29,390	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	66,340	31,825	34,515	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	23,965	10,890	13,075	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	33,130	14,300	18,830	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	12,690	6,140	6,550	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	31,045	14,215	16,830	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	84,810	40,430	44,375	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	69,555	32,920	36,630	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	147,790	71,030	76,760	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	1,205	640	565	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	23,285	12,065	11,215	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	10,785	4,910	5,870	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	10,980	5,025	5,955	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	3,395	1,655	1,740	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	15,970	7,910	8,065	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	10,780	4,310	6,470	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	12,360	5,990	6,370	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	59,020	28,520	30,505	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	1,471,940	697,390	774,555	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	24,510	12,230	12,275	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	31,885	16,065	15,820	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	262,175	119,475	142,700	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	97,705	45,890	51,815	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	297,730	148,545	149,190	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	73,340	36,520	36,815	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	27,770	13,840	13,930	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	5,715	1,850	3,865	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	44,745	20,860	23,890	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	12,970	6,975	6,000	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	110,255	55,690	54,565	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	187,510	76,805	110,710	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	98,025	47,845	50,180	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,545	5,285	5,250	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	14,705	6,405	8,300	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	57,865	26,180	31,690	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	114,505	56,925	57,575	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	6,770	3,320	3,450	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	346,635	163,920	182,715	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	39,310	18,740	20,570	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	2,465	1,165	1,305	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	2,495	1,175	1,320	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	1,150	510	635	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	865	415	450	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	7,205	3,760	3,440	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	2,870	1,360	1,510	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,605	3,850	3,755	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,790	825	965	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	12,860	5,660	7,195	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	30,555	14,975	15,580	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	1,360	660	700	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	875	475	400	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,445	905	540	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	750	350	400	880	400	480
Romania	1,415	555	860	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	3,845	1,400	2,440	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	3,580	1,655	1,925	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,585	2,160	1,425	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	13,695	6,810	6,885	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	23,910	11,705	12,200	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	195	85	105	415	180	240
Cameroon	800	350	445	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	550	240	310	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	280	135	145	605	245	360
Egypt	5,540	2,885	2,655	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	1,060	525	535	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	1,655	745	910	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	350	140	210	655	275	375
Nigeria	4,695	2,280	2,415	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	1,115	530	590	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	770	405	360	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	125	85	35	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	6,770	3,295	3,475	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	251,635	117,765	133,875	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	4,500	2,235	2,260	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	6,780	3,360	3,420	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	48,955	21,765	27,185	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,740	700	1,040	1,985	800	1,190
India	57,455	28,890	28,570	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	18,565	8,985	9,575	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	7,840	3,890	3,955	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	1,600	840	765	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	930	250	685	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,815	2,190	2,625	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	1,365	745	620	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	2,415	1,235	1,180	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	20,360	9,960	10,400	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	42,735	17,680	25,050	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	2,020	1,030	990	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	7,095	3,095	3,995	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,365	2,790	2,570	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	755	305	450	1,015	435	580
Turkey	2,055	1,145	905	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	3,175	1,605	1,575	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	2,605	1,020	1,585	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	8,510	4,035	4,470	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,230	740	490	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	955	600	355	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	270	140	135	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,753,115	1,295,920	1,457,195	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,541,070	777,190	763,880	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,076,835	533,280	543,555	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,051,830	965,135	1,086,695	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,023,350	505,520	517,835	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	409,525	251,475	158,050	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	613,825	254,045	359,780	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	690,870	282,355	408,515	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	308,760	164,150	144,605	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	28,845	13,110	15,735	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	39,035	18,255	20,780	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	36,845	17,110	19,735	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	23,465	10,830	12,640	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	12,830	6,030	6,800	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	550	255	300	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	975	465	510	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,215	680	540	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,331,990	2,588,140	2,743,850	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,635	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,605	5,825	6,785	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,358,415	2,600,565	2,757,850	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,375	2,865	3,510	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,220	2,790	3,425	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,945	2,185	2,760	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	1,155	560	600	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	115	45	70	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	160	75	85	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	105	50	55	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	15	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,150	25,815	29,330	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,685	25,160	28,530	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,680	19,105	21,565	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	12,265	5,720	6,540	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	750	335	415	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,460	655	800	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,250	550	705	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	70	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	50	30	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	5,309,500	2,577,710	2,731,790	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,635	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,910,660	1,400,000	1,510,655	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	932,145	470,380	461,760	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	618,280	294,255	324,025	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	430,280	198,790	231,490	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	246,415	105,285	141,130	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	126,485	60,725	65,755	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	100,155	51,885	48,270	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	80,335	37,780	42,560	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	120,685	60,285	60,400	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	68,155	32,470	35,685	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	19,515	8,415	11,095	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	75,005	34,935	40,070	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	93,210	44,785	48,425	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,460,360	1,206,390	1,253,975	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	61,525	28,680	32,840	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,150	21,970	25,175	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	1,125	515	610	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	14,890	6,945	7,950	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	659,555	326,935	332,620	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	3,660	1,810	1,850	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	44,030	21,480	22,550	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	623,605	309,300	314,305	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	80	50	30	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	2,605	1,325	1,285	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	595	270	330	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	575	340	235	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	1,400	685	720	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	220	120	100	675	375	300
European origins	2,413,560	1,173,265	1,240,300	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	1,074,255	524,990	549,260	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	400	210	190	1,120	530	590
Cornish	175	90	85	755	370	385
English	605,385	296,180	309,205	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	456,650	218,130	238,520	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	720	425	295	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	452,050	218,755	233,290	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	47,510	22,785	24,730	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	92,185	44,145	48,040	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	212,840	100,750	112,095	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	320	125	200	1,235	495	740
Breton	55	35	20	290	175	120
Corsican	55	25	25	205	125	85
French	212,520	100,605	111,915	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	331,540	160,995	170,550	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	26,905	13,040	13,865	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	135	50	80	450	225	230
Belgian	8,330	3,800	4,530	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	78,240	37,405	40,835	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	790	375	415	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	350	205	145	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	229,980	112,255	117,725	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	260	130	135	915	500	415
Swiss	12,710	6,340	6,365	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	480	225	255	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	59,615	28,865	30,755	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	12,805	6,390	6,415	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	13,915	6,490	7,425	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	3,415	1,700	1,705	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	14,525	7,170	7,350	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	16,290	7,525	8,770	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,115	1,485	1,630	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	547,800	260,365	287,440	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	10,575	5,165	5,415	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	7,840	3,830	4,015	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	15,200	7,335	7,870	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	4,075	1,935	2,135	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	6,865	3,200	3,665	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	54,240	26,295	27,945	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	8,960	4,185	4,775	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	18,260	8,760	9,500	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	2,915	1,495	1,415	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	217,410	103,490	113,920	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	47,340	22,500	24,840	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	133,800	62,215	71,585	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	13,180	6,350	6,835	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	130,370	62,245	68,130	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	7,120	3,335	3,785	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	885,785	435,925	449,855	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	17,125	8,655	8,465	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	6,150	2,995	3,150	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	165	105	60	285	180	110
Croatian	32,740	16,365	16,375	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	2,355	1,195	1,160	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	92,410	46,340	46,070	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	421,900	209,670	212,230	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	480	255	225	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	25,245	12,585	12,660	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	16,145	7,995	8,155	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	1,420	680	740	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	191,040	92,890	98,150	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	31,710	15,945	15,770	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	1,370	690	675	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	11,400	5,655	5,745	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	99,960	46,885	53,080	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,865	2,810	3,060	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	480	205	275	965	425	540
Other European origins	70,120	35,070	35,045	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	755	360	395	1,585	805	780
Jewish	57,840	29,035	28,800	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	1,150	545	605	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	895	475	420	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,935	4,875	5,060	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	333,840	151,150	182,690	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	2,390	1,050	1,340	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	1,200	610	590	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	17,490	7,935	9,550	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	930	430	500	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	1,745	625	1,120	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	8,800	4,000	4,795	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	6,160	2,945	3,220	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	12,185	5,235	6,945	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	40	10	30	70	20	50
Haitian	5,020	2,375	2,645	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	193,360	87,610	105,750	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,785	850	935	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	150	50	100	195	65	125
Montserratan	425	195	225	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	675	355	325	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	5,310	2,305	3,005	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	42,230	19,320	22,905	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	9,995	4,200	5,795	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	44,630	19,830	24,800	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	12,890	5,740	7,145	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	202,120	95,220	106,905	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,755	3,135	3,620	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	680	305	375	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	7,850	3,800	4,045	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	335	150	180	810	395	415
Bolivian	1,240	600	645	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	12,250	5,925	6,320	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	9,985	4,805	5,180	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	23,130	11,070	12,065	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	1,720	890	835	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	17,005	8,040	8,965	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	5,575	2,680	2,895	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	55,335	25,270	30,060	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	3,455	1,690	1,765	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	1,670	755	915	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	1,105	545	555	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	18,380	8,520	9,860	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	3,520	1,700	1,815	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	1,715	745	970	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	275	120	150	600	280	320
Peruvian	10,025	4,655	5,370	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	14,435	7,115	7,315	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	3,040	1,570	1,475	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	7,825	3,550	4,285	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	8,800	4,320	4,480	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	257,720	125,440	132,280	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	57,350	28,290	29,060	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	705	400	305	965	540	425
Angolan	1,010	480	530	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	1,055	535	515	1,205	620	585
Beninese	370	190	180	555	280	270
Burkinabe	100	40	55	415	190	225
Cameroonian	2,445	1,205	1,240	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	185	95	90	645	320	325
Congolese	3,920	1,865	2,050	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	925	485	440	1,025	545	480
Ewe	160	90	70	180	95	80
Gabonese	50	10	35	170	80	90
Gambian	550	250	295	630	305	330
Ghanaian	19,995	9,485	10,510	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	620	325	300	1,105	550	560
Ibo	1,460	760	705	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	615	285	330	1,350	600	745
Liberian	295	125	170	770	365	405
Malian	265	140	125	490	250	240
Malinké	225	105	120	345	160	185
Nigerian	18,855	9,540	9,310	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	65	35	25	135	80	55
Senegalese	530	280	250	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	815	400	410	1,175	585	585
Togolese	315	205	105	670	370	300
Wolof	45	20	20	80	45	35
Yoruba	2,735	1,460	1,275	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	2,785	1,365	1,420	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	50,800	26,105	24,695	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	1,650	810	840	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	665	360	305	1,845	985	860
Coptic	1,640	855	785	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	15	10	0	205	110	95
Egyptian	33,855	17,375	16,475	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	1,260	675	595	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	235	135	110	290	160	125
Moroccan	8,380	4,340	4,050	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	3,610	1,755	1,855	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	1,060	570	495	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	825	445	380	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	78,235	37,260	40,970	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	315	160	155	560	285	275
Amhara	490	235	255	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	285	160	125	870	455	415
Burundian	650	360	290	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	210	100	110	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	7,555	3,650	3,910	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	15,900	7,615	8,280	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	460	250	210	475	255	215
Kenyan	3,880	1,805	2,080	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	170	75	95	430	200	230
Mauritian	2,710	1,405	1,305	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	830	370	460	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	1,065	475	590	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	150	60	95	350	140	205
Somali	25,400	11,755	13,650	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	11,025	5,505	5,520	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	1,820	910	910	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	415	210	200	770	395	375
Ugandan	1,935	930	1,005	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	355	175	185	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	1,670	775	900	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	185	100	90	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	5,190	2,250	2,940	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	75,020	35,540	39,485	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10,710	4,630	6,080	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	65,110	31,290	33,825	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	2,352,765	1,139,965	1,212,805	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	317,140	160,115	157,025	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	40,230	20,175	20,055	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	22,105	11,430	10,675	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	20,645	10,010	10,635	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	7,240	3,690	3,550	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	3,280	1,595	1,685	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	2,340	1,195	1,140	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	510	270	240	680	390	290
Iranian	94,955	47,625	47,335	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	27,230	13,595	13,640	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	14,170	7,315	6,855	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	5,115	2,755	2,365	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	940	410	525	1,325	610	715
Kurd	4,290	2,295	2,000	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	330	205	130	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	235	80	150	340	130	210
Lebanese	27,635	14,100	13,540	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	14,465	7,765	6,695	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	1,925	1,070	855	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	1,600	840	760	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	15,545	7,565	7,990	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	1,390	640	750	1,850	880	970
Tatar	1,750	750	1,000	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	22,165	11,210	10,955	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	400	200	200	695	345	355
Uighur	540	255	285	755	385	375
Uzbek	1,670	820	850	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	2,450	1,145	1,305	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	9,695	5,005	4,690	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	953,545	478,660	474,885	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	23,010	11,790	11,220	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	12,255	6,260	5,995	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	150	80	70	1,450	710	735
East Indian	618,685	310,525	308,160	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	3,840	1,770	2,075	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	4,775	2,475	2,295	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	1,305	670	635	1,795	900	895
Nepali	5,350	2,630	2,720	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	113,270	57,500	55,770	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	45,820	23,605	22,215	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	3,770	1,840	1,930	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	110,210	53,705	56,505	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	38,690	19,580	19,110	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	47,545	24,110	23,435	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,103,325	511,400	591,925	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	2,075	915	1,165	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	5,945	2,740	3,205	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	684,395	324,960	359,435	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	265,560	114,395	151,165	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	50	25	25	650	340	305
Indonesian	5,845	2,710	3,130	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	26,485	11,605	14,880	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	265	120	145	1,645	830	815
Korean	71,740	34,180	37,560	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	3,805	1,880	1,930	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	5,335	2,510	2,825	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	1,890	855	1,035	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	1,005	455	550	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	7,820	3,580	4,240	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	3,240	1,225	2,010	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	5,935	2,975	2,960	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	71,425	33,860	37,565	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	3,220	1,585	1,640	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	9,945	4,905	5,040	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	9,945	4,905	5,040	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	8,815	4,450	4,365	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	5,315	2,775	2,540	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	1,755	925	830	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	1,950	885	1,070	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	1,170	490	685	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	175	85	90	470	235	240
Maori	165	95	75	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	100	40	65	275	115	165
Samoan	95	45	45	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	330	155	175	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	1,276,425	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	691,140	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	434,620	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	1,532,935	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,967,555	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	24,005	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	376,525	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	432,060	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	556,210	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	578,765	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,967,555	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	732,945	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	269,420	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	250,890	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	220,325	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	493,975	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,876,310	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	91,250	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	1,767,780	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	199,770	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	413,230	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	529,935	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	279,160	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	246,640	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	179,090	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	163,020	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	156,485	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,858,255	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	109,300	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,124,090	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	759,115	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	84,350	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,967,560	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	47,450	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	277,355	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	371,615	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	454,610	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	381,365	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	242,735	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	137,935	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	54,490	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,964,415	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,292,415	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	671,995	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	553,740	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,276,365	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.6	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.3	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,649	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,755	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	648,719	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	743,131	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	691,125	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.9	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,263	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	730,915	345,155	385,765	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,147,670	564,185	583,480	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,607,140	1,242,555	1,364,580	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190,445	124,915	65,530	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	105,015	61,850	43,165	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	85,425	63,060	22,360	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	756,515	330,560	425,950	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	126,335	56,415	69,925	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,533,855	730,670	803,185	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	1,009,045	465,915	543,125	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100,985	46,510	54,480	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	42,640	21,280	21,355	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	335,240	168,965	166,270	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45,945	28,000	17,945	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,410	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	292,270	146,320	145,950	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	647,655	324,200	323,455	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	129,450	84,010	45,440	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	71,910	41,985	29,930	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	57,540	42,030	15,510	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	589,090	256,645	332,445	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,740	42,000	52,740	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,267,410	594,025	673,385	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	821,300	376,095	445,205	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	81,920	36,340	45,580	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	34,910	16,305	18,605	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	293,070	144,435	148,630	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	36,215	20,850	15,365	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,825	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,878,585	909,335	969,245	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	130,685	26,640	104,045	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	130,690	26,640	104,050	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130,390	58,720	71,675	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,640	12,320	4,315	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	113,755	46,395	67,360	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	179,405	63,540	115,865	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	21,645	4,760	16,885	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	50,845	14,640	36,205	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	53,905	18,055	35,845	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	870	385	475	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	11,750	6,510	5,240	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	9,435	5,960	3,470	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	24,730	12,250	12,475	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	6,240	970	5,265	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	375,990	132,895	243,090	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,275	1,010	4,265	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	41,765	16,265	25,495	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	51,475	4,985	46,485	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	64,720	25,805	38,915	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,200	1,435	4,760	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	52,075	12,435	39,640	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	154,480	70,955	83,525	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	635,290	286,145	349,150	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,300	505	800	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,360	8,100	30,265	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	595,630	277,540	318,090	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	126,840	59,465	67,380	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	53,350	21,080	32,270	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	31,225	13,705	17,520	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,340	735	1,605	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	35,555	22,435	13,125	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,370	1,505	2,865	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	158,045	102,350	55,695	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,045	83,770	38,275	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	5,560	935	4,630	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	27,925	15,910	12,015	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,520	1,745	775	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	439,230	375,990	63,235	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	28,885	18,400	10,485	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	199,695	158,560	41,140	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	73,645	65,980	7,665	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	53,550	52,345	1,200	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,235	53,715	1,525	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	28,120	26,975	1,145	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	27,465	14,400	13,070	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	16,015	8,845	7,170	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	11,455	5,550	5,900	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	303,620	74,055	229,570	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	24,245	12,480	11,765	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	267,470	55,340	212,130	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,905	6,230	5,675	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,875	48,260	51,615	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	62,940	19,925	43,010	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	365	330	35	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	480	455	25	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	22,935	15,975	6,960	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	13,160	11,585	1,580	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	295	100	195	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	290	95	195	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,415	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	939,930	470,525	469,405	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	95,095	18,915	76,180	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	95,100	18,915	76,185	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	104,620	47,155	57,465	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,780	9,495	3,285	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	91,845	37,665	54,185	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	139,350	48,065	91,290	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,015	3,465	13,545	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	39,550	11,125	28,425	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	42,735	13,895	28,845	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	690	320	370	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,135	5,110	4,030	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	6,935	4,370	2,560	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	18,705	9,180	9,525	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	4,585	600	3,980	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	304,820	105,350	199,465	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	850	3,470	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	34,495	13,470	21,020	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,405	3,515	35,890	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	54,925	20,115	34,810	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,850	1,185	3,660	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	40,890	9,305	31,585	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	125,945	56,905	69,040	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	524,355	231,890	292,465	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,095	405	685	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,890	6,455	24,440	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	492,370	225,035	267,335	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	96,435	43,745	52,695	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,650	15,625	25,025	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	24,030	10,235	13,800	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,920	625	1,295	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	26,590	16,240	10,350	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,245	1,020	2,225	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140,470	91,425	49,045	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	111,605	76,680	34,920	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	3,950	715	3,235	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	22,690	12,525	10,165	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,235	1,505	725	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	338,415	284,970	53,445	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	23,725	14,720	9,010	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	163,350	127,605	35,750	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	54,630	48,775	5,860	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	38,265	37,375	895	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	39,680	38,605	1,070	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	18,670	17,870	795	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,845	11,015	10,830	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	12,520	6,515	6,005	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	9,325	4,500	4,820	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	239,960	58,120	181,845	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,145	9,295	8,850	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	212,380	44,170	168,205	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,440	4,655	4,785	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	75,070	35,955	39,115	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	47,120	14,595	32,530	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	260	225	40	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	210	15	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	17,030	11,690	5,345	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	10,430	9,235	1,190	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	250	75	170	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	75	170	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,878,585	909,340	969,245	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,607,145	1,242,560	1,364,585	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	1,736,445	819,555	916,895	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	1,599,135	752,170	846,965	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	137,320	67,390	69,930	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	870,690	423,000	447,690	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	78,865	43,540	35,330	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	93,650	32,815	60,840	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	137,910	69,690	68,220	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	54,970	30,515	24,455	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	77,375	36,630	40,745	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	6,540	3,550	2,985	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	421,380	206,260	215,120	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,020,615	1,447,200	1,573,410	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	939,930	470,525	469,405	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	1,382,850	646,575	736,280	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	1,273,355	592,550	680,800	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	109,500	54,015	55,480	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	697,835	330,110	367,725	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	62,760	33,745	29,020	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	79,090	27,270	51,820	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	118,455	58,170	60,290	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	34,420	18,765	15,660	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65,240	30,415	34,825	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	5,490	2,965	2,530	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	332,375	158,785	173,590	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	233,665	115,300	118,365	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	1,531,530	628,960	902,575	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	65.9	70.8	61.3	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	60.6	65.4	56.3	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.6	8.3	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,487,830	612,205	875,630	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	2,997,895	1,539,690	1,458,200	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,532,845	848,305	684,545	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,465,045	691,385	773,660	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.8	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,280	1,385,155	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	2,505,850	1,246,505	1,259,345	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	362,585	236,780	125,805	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,155	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	337,265	203,770	133,495	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	530,385	190,720	339,665	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	251,395	191,580	59,810	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	160,610	39,320	121,285	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	327,425	100,020	227,405	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	119,645	59,275	60,370	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	676,065	313,535	362,530	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	309,545	287,595	21,945	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,960	14,720	3,235	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	138,155	82,740	55,415	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,100	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,150	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,115	2,965	2,150	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,950	2,680	1,270	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	13,965	9,465	4,500	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	163,810	142,960	20,845	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	256,170	167,975	88,200	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	128,255	79,360	48,890	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	307,460	146,985	160,480	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	153,930	113,255	40,675	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	100,825	58,430	42,395	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	233,060	112,580	120,480	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	76,725	41,670	35,055	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	317,960	179,905	138,055	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	7,965	3,375	4,595	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	148,930	81,450	67,475	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	208,170	65,400	142,770	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	265,290	54,875	210,415	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,575	30,415	27,165	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	189,685	87,920	101,765	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	123,585	50,940	72,645	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	106,010	50,680	55,330	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	196,035	100,435	95,595	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	18,685	12,660	6,020	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	311,760	220,515	91,245	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	2,194,055	1,074,025	1,120,030	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,194,050	1,074,025	1,120,025	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,297,375	591,205	706,165	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	196,715	97,810	98,905	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	694,925	381,990	312,935	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	5,045	3,020	2,020	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,505,815	1,294,540	1,211,270	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,509,390	870,970	638,420	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	139,630	49,845	89,785	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	656,330	276,110	380,220	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	136,810	61,315	75,500	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	38,460	24,280	14,175	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	25,195	12,020	13,170	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	341,440	156,775	184,665	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	732,785	374,395	358,390	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	668,925	362,510	306,415	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	335,205	176,620	158,595	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	427,450	224,240	203,210	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	134,680	94,940	39,735	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	369,285	220,720	148,565	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	635,210	308,240	326,975	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	604,620	281,310	323,310	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	379,095	181,970	197,125	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	382,920	207,360	175,555	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,108,065	1,593,200	1,514,860	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	3,030,280	1,555,755	1,474,515	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	2,939,720	1,507,770	1,431,945	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	2,928,795	1,504,810	1,423,990	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	10,920	2,965	7,955	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	90,555	47,985	42,570	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,550	47,985	42,570	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,790	1,015	770	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	20	10	0	15	10	10
Somali	85	35	50	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,680	970	710	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	55	20	35	75	30	45
Arabic	1,115	725	385	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	100	75	30	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	100	240	395	140	260
Maltese	20	15	10	20	15	10
Tigrigna	45	25	15	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,770	735	1,030	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	95	50	50
Vietnamese	1,720	715	1,010	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,055	395	660	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	0	15	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	10	10	0
Ilocano	35	20	15	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	20	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	345	590	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Creole languages	25	25	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	1,805	870	935	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	45	25	25	75	45	30
Tamil	1,735	840	890	1,870	900	975
Telugu	25	0	20	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	26,205	14,420	11,790	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	210	125	90	275	170	105
Armenian	130	70	65	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	5,180	2,515	2,665	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	55	20	35	70	25	40
Latvian	0	10	10	20	10	10
Lithuanian	45	20	30	45	20	25
Slavic languages	5,130	2,500	2,635	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	30	10	100	55	40
Bulgarian	110	75	40	120	85	40
Croatian	80	60	25	155	100	50
Czech	15	10	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	80	30	40	85	35	45
Polish	1,440	770	670	1,925	960	960
Russian	2,445	1,070	1,375	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	165	105	55	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	20	10	10
Slovak	50	30	15	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	680	290	390	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	355	140	220	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	30	15	20
Dutch	60	40	20	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	220	65	150	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	30	10	20
Swedish	20	10	15	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	15	10	15	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	340	185	150	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	10,565	5,875	4,690	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	8,150	4,360	3,790	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	295	145	155	335	160	170
Gujarati	585	200	385	730	255	475
Hindi	710	340	370	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	30	10	20
Nepali	55	20	35	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,490	3,150	2,340	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	20	10	10	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	30	15	10
Urdu	935	465	470	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	2,415	1,515	895	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	85	70	10	105	95	15
Pashto	15	10	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	2,320	1,440	880	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	9,410	5,505	3,910	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	10	10	0	10	0	10
Italian	720	390	335	945	505	445
Portuguese	4,910	3,240	1,670	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	220	95	125	300	140	160
Spanish	3,545	1,775	1,775	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	20	10	10
Japanese	765	250	520	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	10	10	10	15	0	10
Georgian	10	10	0	15	0	10
Korean	4,205	2,125	2,080	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	20	15	10	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	10	10	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	295	120	180	810	295	515
American Sign Language	195	50	140	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	40	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	51,785	27,560	24,220	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	51,735	27,535	24,205	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	24,825	12,930	11,890	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	35	10	30	30	10	25
Mandarin	25,715	14,005	11,710	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	30	20	10	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	890	405	480	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	10	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	45	30	15	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	235	95	145
Lao	10	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	60	30	35	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	405	275	130	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	15	15	0
Turkish	385	260	125	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	10	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	130	160	420	205	220
Estonian	50	10	35	45	10	35
Finnish	35	10	30	75	25	50
Hungarian	205	115	95	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	77,785	37,445	40,340	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	15,535	6,000	9,535	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	61,045	30,905	30,145	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	75	45	35	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	1,130	495	635	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,108,060	1,593,200	1,514,865	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	2,853,615	1,465,535	1,388,080	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	42,865	20,790	22,075	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	44,295	19,000	25,295	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	162,965	85,830	77,140	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	125	30	90	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	162,840	85,790	77,050	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	85	40	45	245	100	150
English and non-official language	1,165	560	600	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	3,050	1,430	1,620	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	5,316,405	2,578,540	2,737,865	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	4,638,795	2,245,210	2,393,580	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	677,605	333,320	344,285	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	411,950	201,845	210,100	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	265,660	131,475	134,185	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	163,550	80,665	82,885	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	138,890	68,355	70,540	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	24,655	12,315	12,340	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	102,110	50,810	51,300	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,092,400	2,463,705	2,628,690	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	3,128,180	1,505,965	1,622,210	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	1,964,220	957,740	1,006,480	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	1,108,880	539,010	569,865	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	855,345	418,730	436,615	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	475,275	232,345	242,925	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	411,920	201,625	210,295	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	63,350	30,720	32,630	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	380,070	186,385	193,685	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]