Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	British Columbia [Province]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , British Columbia [Province] Map : British Columbia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,648,055	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	4,400,057	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.6	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,063,417	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,881,969	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	922,503.01	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	691,390	355,400	335,985	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	220,625	113,355	107,275	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	236,900	122,070	114,830	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	233,860	119,975	113,885	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	258,980	133,000	125,985	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	287,560	147,615	139,945	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	303,000	151,585	151,415	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	313,750	155,035	158,715	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	293,590	143,070	150,520	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	295,045	141,930	153,115	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	322,365	155,325	167,040	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	354,375	172,065	182,310	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	354,925	171,210	183,715	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	324,095	156,450	167,645	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	848,985	395,560	453,425	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	287,520	139,490	148,035	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	201,785	97,675	104,110	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	145,225	68,715	76,510	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	105,255	48,645	56,610	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	109,190	41,035	68,155	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	67,510	27,930	39,575	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	31,815	10,615	21,205	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	8,545	2,215	6,330	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	1,325	275	1,050	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.6	14.2	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.0	66.7	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	18.3	17.4	19.1	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	42.3	41.5	43.1	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	43.0	41.9	44.0	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	830,660	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	177,830	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	824,190	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	57,395	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	147,830	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230,075	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	385,140	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,755	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	49,290	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	541,910	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	663,770	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	277,690	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	243,125	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	155,470	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,560,240	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	1,925,345	959,690	965,645	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	371,985	186,485	185,505	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	1,659,335	776,660	882,675	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	1,076,085	582,975	493,110	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	105,700	45,225	60,475	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	263,870	103,475	160,395	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	213,685	44,990	168,700	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,311,340	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	703,685	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	275,965	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	243,960	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	87,730	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,311,345	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	1,113,405	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	927,440	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	185,960	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	197,940	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	155,670	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	42,265	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,113,400	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	577,790	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	535,610	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	221,065	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	230,705	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	83,840	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	197,940	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	125,890	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	54,900	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	17,145	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	882,895	418,495	464,405	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	1,195,735	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	527,700	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	668,035	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	55,620	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	630,620	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	541,915	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,705	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	1,810	820	985	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	314,925	140,650	174,275	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	153,910	63,795	90,115	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	55,325	27,680	27,640	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	18,000	8,315	9,685	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	151,760	62,720	89,040	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	64,325	31,840	32,480	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.4	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	57,425	28,615	28,810	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	1,267,460	591,400	676,060	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	8,435	3,940	4,490	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	1,050	445	605	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	40	5	35	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	840	375	465	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	5	5	0	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	315	125	190
Plains Cree	150	60	85	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	25	15	10	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	60	25	35	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	585	270	320	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	10	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	5	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	55	105	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	5	5	0	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	135	50	90	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	2,310	1,045	1,260	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,295	1,045	1,250	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	55	110	55	60
Beaver	160	75	85	190	85	105
Carrier	1,005	460	550	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	650	295	355	660	295	360
Dene	90	35	50	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	15	5	10	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	5	80	25	50
Sekani	85	40	45	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	75	30	45	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	5	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	20	5	15	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	50	25	30	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	105	45	50	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	15	10	5	180	90	90
Tahltan	90	40	50	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	5	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	50	20	35
Haida	70	30	40	75	35	40
Inuit languages	80	30	55	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	50	20	30	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	10	5	5	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	100	55	50	105	55	55
Michif	35	20	10	465	230	235
Salish languages	2,270	1,115	1,155	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	80	45	40	80	45	40
Halkomelem	475	230	245	475	225	245
Lillooet	315	155	160	315	155	155
Okanagan	270	135	135	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	435	220	215	445	225	220
Squamish	35	20	20	40	20	20
Straits	80	40	40	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	330	150	185	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	255	135	125
Siouan languages	45	25	20	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	30	15	20	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	5	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	30	15	15	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	1,460	715	740	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	875	435	445	880	435	445
Nisga'a	385	195	190	400	200	200
Tsimshian	195	90	110	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	795	365	435	805	370	435
Haisla	90	40	55	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	100	45	55	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	320	140	180	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	275	135	140	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	190	80	110	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,259,025	587,455	671,570	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,870	13,405	11,465	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	115	75	45	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	40	30	15	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	45	30	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	1,505	765	740	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	5	0	0	805	455	350
Oromo	205	115	95	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	1,270	640	640	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	365	195	170
Semitic languages	23,195	12,540	10,655	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	1,370	670	700	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	17,480	9,595	7,890	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	650	315	330	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	440	245	200	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	20	5	15	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	2,065	1,125	940	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	215	100	115	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	805	395	405	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	28,740	13,170	15,575	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,560	710	850	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	27,150	12,440	14,710	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	96,535	38,765	57,770	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	375	165	215	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	4,065	1,565	2,505	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	470	240	230	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	1,470	550	920	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	5,240	2,055	3,190	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	20	10	15	1,430	665	760
Malay	3,895	1,675	2,220	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	700	320	380	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	295	130	170	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	78,770	31,550	47,220	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	215	85	135	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	435	580	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	840	440	400	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	500	255	245	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	7,500	3,995	3,510	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	280	150	135	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	2,385	1,260	1,130	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	3,615	1,875	1,740	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	1,175	695	480	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	140	75	70	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	588,175	286,135	302,035	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	1,465	765	705	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	1,195	600	600	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	83,110	38,595	44,515	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	1,070	485	585	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	565	255	300	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	505	225	280	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	82,040	38,110	43,930	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	95	45	50	810	385	430
Bosnian	1,360	675	685	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	2,025	955	1,070	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	7,475	3,655	3,820	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	5,920	2,850	3,070	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	325	160	165	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	16,910	7,875	9,035	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	25,955	11,640	14,310	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	7,045	3,600	3,450	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	1,395	670	725	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	3,400	1,525	1,870	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,160	545	615	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	8,630	3,730	4,900	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	175	170	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	615	325	290	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	240	130	110	1,090	540	550
Welsh	280	145	135	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	530	295	235
Germanic languages	101,725	48,350	53,380	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	3,260	1,655	1,610	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	4,665	2,280	2,385	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	21,020	10,130	10,895	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	295	145	145	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	66,885	31,525	35,360	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	275	135	145	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	2,005	970	1,035	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	2,520	1,100	1,420	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	445	220	225	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	290	150	140	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	25	525	280	240
Greek	6,115	3,245	2,870	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	297,800	147,830	149,970	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	251,000	124,260	126,740	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	3,180	1,665	1,510	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	6,895	3,290	3,605	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	26,720	12,910	13,810	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	65	35	25	565	300	265
Konkani	255	130	125	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	620	325	295	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	1,155	620	540	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	198,805	98,525	100,285	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	1,675	780	895	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,675	845	830	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	9,885	5,090	4,795	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	46,390	23,355	23,035	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	1,765	945	825	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	1,155	615	535	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	43,470	21,795	21,675	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	410	220	195	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	96,135	46,430	49,710	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	160	85	75	865	440	425
Italian	22,680	11,445	11,230	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	17,450	8,240	9,210	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	8,730	4,250	4,480	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	47,010	22,335	24,675	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	720	380	340
Japanese	21,350	7,195	14,150	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	85	50	35	1,715	910	805
Georgian	85	50	40	1,715	910	805
Korean	52,160	23,495	28,670	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	360	150	205	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	360	155	210	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	3,725	1,875	1,850	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	495	275	220	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	10	5	5	1,535	815	720
Edo	85	50	35	1,670	770	900
Ewe	85	45	35	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	45	20	25	920	445	470
Ganda	90	45	45	1,295	625	665
Igbo	245	145	105	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	80	30	45	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	50	60	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	70	80	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	215	100	115	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	805	400	405	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	50	25	25	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	330	185	150	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	885	410	480	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	175	165	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	105	60	45	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	240	115	125	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	1,155	610	545	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	470	230	240	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	690	380	305	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	410,920	187,725	223,190	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	408,415	186,455	221,960	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	193,530	89,325	104,210	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	2,325	1,010	1,315	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	186,325	84,370	101,955	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	230	105	120	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,210	4,995	6,215	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,540	1,995	2,545	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,050	4,570	5,480	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	205	85	120	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,500	1,265	1,230	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	1,125	580	545	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	815	395	425	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	330	175	160	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	230	120	110	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	3,985	1,335	2,650	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	1,100	550	550	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	2,865	775	2,090	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	80	35	55
Turkic languages	4,140	2,295	1,845	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	530	290	235	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	3,145	1,790	1,360	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	170	85	85	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	105	50	55	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	190	80	110	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	13,490	6,285	7,205	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	705	295	410	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	3,760	1,555	2,200	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	9,025	4,435	4,590	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	500	280	225	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	103,415	49,625	53,795	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	10,065	4,815	5,250	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	89,135	42,820	46,315	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	2,100	1,040	1,065	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	2,115	950	1,165	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	16,795	8,195	8,605	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	717,375	337,200	380,180	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	1,565	765	795	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	105	50	55	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	5	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	85	40	45	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	15	10	10	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	330	140	190
Woods Cree	0	0	5	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	60	30	30	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	15	5	5	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	610	290	320	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	605	290	315	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	20	10	10	15	10	10
Beaver	40	20	20	50	30	20
Carrier	245	110	130	245	115	130
Chilcotin	260	125	130	255	125	130
Dene	15	5	10	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	15	10	5	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	5	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	5	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	10	5	5	10	5	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	10	0	5	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	15	10	5	15	10	5
Michif	0	5	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	275	130	150	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	50	20	30	45	20	25
Lillooet	25	15	15	25	15	10
Okanagan	85	35	45	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	50	30	20	55	30	20
Squamish	5	5	0	5	0	5
Straits	25	10	15	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	25	15	10
Siouan languages	15	10	5	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	10	10	5	255	140	120
Stoney	5	5	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	405	215	195	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	310	155	155	315	155	155
Nisga'a	70	45	25	70	40	30
Tsimshian	25	15	10	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	75	40	35	75	45	35
Haisla	20	10	15	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	5	5	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	10	10	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	10	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	45	15	25	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	715,815	336,435	379,380	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,990	7,065	6,920	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	45	25	20	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	20	10	15	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	770	355	415	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	0	0	0	620	330	285
Oromo	90	50	45	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	665	300	360	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	185	85	95
Semitic languages	13,155	6,680	6,475	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	600	275	320	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	10,415	5,335	5,080	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	405	195	210	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	310	165	145	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	10	5	5	735	335	400
Hebrew	900	465	440	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	15	5	10	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	410	190	225	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,870	8,305	9,560	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	800	375	420	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	17,055	7,920	9,130	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	40,605	17,945	22,660	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	75	30	35	290	140	155
Cebuano	1,305	585	715	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	110	65	55	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	415	175	240	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	1,615	695	930	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	10	5	10	435	220	210
Malay	1,120	510	605	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	150	70	80	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	55	25	30	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35,375	15,600	19,770	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	55	25	35	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	310	150	160	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	335	150	180	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	235	105	130	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	3,940	1,995	1,940	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	110	55	60	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	1,225	615	605	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	2,055	1,025	1,030	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	535	295	240	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	55	25	30	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	282,090	137,135	144,955	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	695	335	360	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	545	240	305	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	31,640	15,150	16,490	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	210	90	115	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	80	30	50	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	125	60	65	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	31,430	15,060	16,370	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	15	5	5	230	105	120
Bosnian	595	300	300	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	1,035	485	550	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	2,235	1,055	1,180	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	1,595	800	795	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	150	75	75	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	5,690	2,720	2,970	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	13,310	6,290	7,020	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	3,695	1,870	1,825	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	500	235	265	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	1,000	480	520	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	85	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	1,430	665	765	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	670	310	360
Celtic languages	70	40	30	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	10	185	105	80
Welsh	25	10	10	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	80	50	30
Germanic languages	14,430	6,870	7,555	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	1,475	715	760	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	305	145	160	855	410	445
Dutch	1,895	890	1,005	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	10	5	5	185	95	90
German	10,085	4,795	5,295	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	75	35	35	270	120	150
Norwegian	140	60	80	345	145	200
Swedish	360	170	195	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	355	170	185
Yiddish	10	10	5	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	1,625	820	810
Greek	2,010	975	1,035	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	194,590	95,380	99,215	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	164,185	80,610	83,575	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	1,815	895	920	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	2,970	1,320	1,645	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	12,310	5,890	6,425	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	10	5	5	135	70	70
Konkani	40	25	25	720	355	370
Marathi	270	140	130	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	665	345	320	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	139,080	68,565	70,515	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	615	270	345	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	675	330	340	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	5,705	2,825	2,880	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	30,205	14,665	15,540	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	1,080	540	535	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	700	350	350	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	28,420	13,765	14,660	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	100	100	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	38,110	18,145	19,970	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	65	35	35	355	165	190
Italian	5,200	2,245	2,955	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	6,725	3,140	3,580	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	3,800	1,830	1,970	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	22,310	10,900	11,410	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	180	85	95
Japanese	9,860	4,070	5,790	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	30	15	10	1,040	565	475
Georgian	30	15	15	1,035	565	475
Korean	38,605	17,785	20,820	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	170	80	90	910	440	470
Mongolian	165	80	85	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	960	430	530	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	150	80	65	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	5	5	5	340	180	160
Edo	15	10	10	415	175	240
Ewe	20	5	10	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	10	825	400	425
Ga	5	5	0	250	105	140
Ganda	10	5	5	345	160	185
Igbo	40	20	15	1,000	485	510
Lingala	35	15	20	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	40	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	1,530	670	865
Shona	65	25	40	1,035	475	560
Swahili	200	90	115	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	20	10	10	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	60	30	35	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	200	85	120	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	60	75	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	55	30	20	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	1,535	850	685	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	455	230	225	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,080	615	460	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	299,420	137,555	161,865	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	297,675	136,670	161,000	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	137,075	62,545	74,525	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	700	295	410	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	146,435	67,695	78,740	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	65	25	35	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,820	2,185	2,630	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,595	1,195	1,400	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,885	2,680	3,205	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,745	885	865	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	720	375	350	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	725	355	370	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	205	110	90	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	1,380	595	785	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	460	225	235	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	920	370	545	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	30	15	15
Turkic languages	1,695	880	815	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	195	105	95	1,245	640	610
Turkish	1,310	685	630	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	95	50	50	610	315	290
Uzbek	45	25	20	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	455	230	225
Uralic languages	3,005	1,415	1,590	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	95	40	55	975	365	610
Finnish	725	325	400	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	2,185	1,050	1,130	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	232,540	110,375	122,165	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	6,155	2,970	3,185	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	222,670	105,750	116,920	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	650	290	360	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	3,065	1,365	1,700	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	274,535	132,990	141,545	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	41,020	18,435	22,590	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	340,930	158,590	182,345	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	7,985	3,765	4,215	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	332,945	154,820	178,125	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	1,195	545	650	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	5,660	2,655	3,005	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	3,765	1,745	2,020	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	100	45	50	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,012	40,370	27,543	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,783	35,383	25,659	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,585	39,557	25,304	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,592	3,717	4,920	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,713	39,186	26,034	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	54,797	36,901	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	44,282	31,874	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	54,787	35,271	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,255	7,171	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	52,171	34,149	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,147,070	652,115	494,950	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,940	61,004	47,039	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,625	72,840	53,801	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	91.7	84.9	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	74.4	65.8	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	8.3	15.1	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	142,970	67,370	75,600	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.4	96.2	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	573,315	240,120	333,195	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	653,915	262,225	391,685	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	503,290	209,095	294,195	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	424,330	188,860	235,470	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	366,220	173,020	193,200	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	286,310	148,095	138,215	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	222,975	129,400	93,580	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	171,625	103,795	67,830	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	134,090	83,100	50,990	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	96,825	62,825	34,005	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	294,475	214,980	79,500	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	198,355	142,260	56,095	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	96,115	72,715	23,405	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	138,350	63,495	74,855	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.6	96.2	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	597,310	253,480	343,835	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	686,510	280,490	406,015	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	593,490	252,075	341,415	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	495,200	226,080	269,120	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	402,535	200,565	201,965	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	293,450	167,870	125,585	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	210,085	128,000	82,080	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	151,775	95,230	56,545	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	301,635	215,590	86,045	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	94,700	64,330	30,370	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	59,050	42,050	17,000	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	147,885	109,215	38,670	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	1,095,320	467,570	627,745	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	71.7	75.2	68.4	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	441,080	204,275	236,810	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	212,715	90,015	122,705	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	371,875	160,350	211,525	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	309,470	135,945	173,525	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	282,045	126,870	155,180	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	253,810	118,870	134,935	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	203,885	107,605	96,280	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	163,740	98,205	65,535	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	132,340	82,120	50,220	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	404,040	291,050	112,990	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	106,680	67,815	38,860	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	76,470	51,990	24,480	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	220,890	171,245	49,645	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,995	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,280	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	541,915	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,701	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,899	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,340,055	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,466	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,108	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,354	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,209	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	541,925	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,696	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,091	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,340,045	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,010	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,816	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,881,965	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	43,415	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,140	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55,745	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,565	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	78,695	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	72,985	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	78,080	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	78,395	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	76,775	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	75,860	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	143,475	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	132,845	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,350	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,350	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	99,420	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	607,855	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	198,140	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	138,420	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	149,210	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	122,080	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,881,965	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	46,350	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,605	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,780	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80,315	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	89,795	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	88,035	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	93,640	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	92,220	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	91,635	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	88,520	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	165,685	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	150,650	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	136,430	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	118,520	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	101,185	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	454,595	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	187,490	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	111,260	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	155,845	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,276,275	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,451	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,002	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	519,030	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,788	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,464	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	536,175	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,736	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,176	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	179,945	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,056	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,668	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,275,865	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,241	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,792	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	518,295	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	100,772	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,021	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	536,580	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,213	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,407	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	179,615	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,004	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,655	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	768,855	373,390	395,465	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,255	33,342	29,674	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,320	29,815	27,221	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	766,660	371,595	395,060	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,666	44,615	38,892	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,191	37,100	33,395	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	537,405	258,275	279,140	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	449,395	205,320	244,075	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	420,355	198,845	221,510	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	422,805	203,710	219,095	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	435,290	212,555	222,735	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	442,070	218,225	223,845	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	451,795	226,240	225,555	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	462,900	233,935	228,970	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	473,535	241,165	232,375	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	464,685	239,235	225,450	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	822,390	422,685	399,710	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	260,110	133,670	126,445	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	778,990	369,345	409,645	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	694,960	325,015	369,940	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	151,880	78,110	73,770	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	46,920	24,035	22,885	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	427,085	198,475	228,615	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	115,990	48,430	67,560	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.8	16.2	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	18.5	18.5	18.5	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	18.0	18.1	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.1	15.5	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	14.9	13.1	16.5	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	491,645	236,430	255,215	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	99,330	50,890	48,450	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	29,250	14,930	14,315	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	345,345	165,740	179,605	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	46,965	19,805	27,165	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.0	10.8	11.2	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.1	12.0	12.1	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.3	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.8	12.2	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	314,225	140,085	174,140	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	1,546,550	727,200	819,355	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	17,190	8,115	9,075	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	1,950	905	1,045	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	35	0	35	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,600	795	805	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	15	0	10	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	545	225	320
Plains Cree	345	160	180	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	55	25	30	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	80	45	40	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	1,090	560	525	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	10	10	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	25	15	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	310	100	205	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	20	0	15	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	275	95	180	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	4,375	2,050	2,330	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	4,345	2,035	2,315	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	200	100	95	210	105	100
Beaver	255	130	130	340	180	165
Carrier	2,045	940	1,110	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	1,130	525	605	1,150	535	610
Dene	130	55	80	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	185	85	100	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	125	60	75	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	10	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	25	15	10	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	45	60	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	290	155	130	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	35	20	15	365	205	170
Tahltan	250	135	120	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	10	0	10	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	10	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	85	35	50
Haida	455	195	255	465	205	260
Inuit languages	170	70	95	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	20	10	10	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	120	50	70	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	30	10	15	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	25	10	15	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	170	95	80	175	95	80
Michif	110	50	60	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	5,660	2,690	2,970	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	185	75	105	185	75	110
Halkomelem	1,045	470	570	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	790	405	385	790	405	385
Okanagan	805	360	445	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,280	630	650	1,305	640	665
Squamish	280	125	155	285	125	155
Straits	360	160	200	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	440	220	220	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	540	280	260	565	295	270
Siouan languages	55	20	35	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	30	15	15	1,760	870	890
Stoney	10	10	10	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	140	70	70
Tlingit	60	40	20	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	2,685	1,330	1,350	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,275	635	645	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	1,035	535	500	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	405	180	230	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	1,460	670	795	1,490	680	805
Haisla	175	65	105	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	120	50	70	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	590	275	315	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	560	265	295	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	240	105	135	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,635	719,190	810,440	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	35,115	18,585	16,530	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	145	95	45	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	65	40	25	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	2,070	955	1,120	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	20	10	15	1,085	625	470
Oromo	245	140	110	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	1,800	815	985	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	480	220	265
Semitic languages	33,110	17,660	15,460	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	2,095	1,050	1,045	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	24,230	13,180	11,050	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	760	370	390	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	570	285	285	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	55	35	20	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	5,450	2,805	2,645	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	315	155	155	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	1,055	560	495	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	300	160	140	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	170	85	85	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	35,915	17,130	18,785	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,875	850	1,020	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	34,140	16,295	17,840	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	125,425	51,215	74,210	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	530	215	310	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	5,365	2,000	3,370	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	1,095	655	440	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	1,685	710	975	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	6,450	2,480	3,970	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	25	15	10	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	7,495	3,480	4,010	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	855	365	495	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	480	205	275	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	113,265	45,455	67,805	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	320	130	195	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,515	740	775	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	2,485	1,320	1,165	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	135	55	75	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	1,310	730	585	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,055	540	515	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	10,390	5,485	4,905	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	510	250	265	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	3,350	1,795	1,550	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	5,445	2,830	2,610	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	1,720	970	750	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	165	85	80	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	764,815	371,760	393,060	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	1,640	840	795	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	1,680	845	835	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	94,050	44,710	49,340	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	1,030	515	520	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	555	290	265	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	475	220	250	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	93,235	44,305	48,940	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	245	115	125	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	2,075	1,020	1,050	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	2,430	1,105	1,325	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	10,685	5,255	5,430	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	7,480	3,665	3,815	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	400	220	185	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	19,175	8,980	10,190	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	33,990	15,850	18,135	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	9,110	4,625	4,485	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	1,525	770	750	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	4,270	2,045	2,225	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,375	610	760	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	10,740	4,835	5,905	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	420	215	205	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	1,855	990	865	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	660	395	265	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	345	145	195	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	860	450	410	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	136,685	65,350	71,335	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	7,670	3,875	3,800	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	5,510	2,490	3,020	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	24,060	11,520	12,550	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	465	230	240	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	95,005	45,840	49,165	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	405	210	195	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	2,845	1,425	1,415	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	4,825	2,125	2,695	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	545	270	275	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	505	225	280	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	95	60	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	9,095	4,725	4,370	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	363,205	181,340	181,865	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	311,955	155,465	156,490	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	3,670	1,885	1,785	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	11,500	5,455	6,050	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	81,330	39,950	41,380	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	60	30	25	905	490	420
Konkani	415	215	200	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	1,475	780	695	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	1,485	725	760	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	70	40	30	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	244,485	122,450	122,035	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	3,300	1,415	1,885	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,430	1,265	1,170	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	16,750	8,840	7,915	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	52,300	26,435	25,870	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	2,225	1,185	1,040	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	1,660	940	725	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	49,835	25,135	24,690	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	450	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	177,685	83,505	94,185	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	395	210	180	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	37,475	18,075	19,400	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	23,260	11,060	12,200	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	10,045	4,945	5,105	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	115,115	53,215	61,900	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	380	245	140	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	36,990	15,955	21,040	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	115	55	60	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	115	55	55	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	57,490	26,310	31,180	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	370	170	200	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	370	165	195	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	8,025	4,130	3,895	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	630	350	280	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	30	20	15	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	145	80	60	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	135	90	45	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	30	70	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	150	95	50	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	165	80	85	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	425	240	185	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	280	125	150	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	45	75	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	290	125	165	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	415	220	195	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	3,365	1,785	1,575	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	50	25	30	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	885	455	435	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,835	840	1,000	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	405	210	200	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	85	50	35	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	325	155	165	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	7,545	2,865	4,680	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	3,860	1,280	2,575	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	3,780	1,615	2,160	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	457,595	211,220	246,375	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	454,885	209,850	245,030	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	234,445	108,485	125,960	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	2,715	1,290	1,430	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	265,635	119,995	145,640	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	130	55	75	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,410	7,230	9,185	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,600	2,445	3,155	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,380	4,725	5,650	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	200	75	120	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,000	1,500	1,505	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	1,490	730	755	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	955	485	465	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	375	205	165	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	150	180	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	5,635	2,190	3,450	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	1,630	735	890	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	4,275	1,535	2,740	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	6,785	3,685	3,095	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	945	510	435	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	5,585	3,025	2,555	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	115	60	55	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	170	95	75	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	275	140	130	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	15,280	7,095	8,185	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	780	350	425	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	4,030	1,640	2,385	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	10,495	5,100	5,395	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,045	575	470	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	790,485	406,970	383,510	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	421,935	199,205	222,735	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	356,155	171,330	184,825	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	152,220	70,475	81,750	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	287,505	132,190	155,315	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	321,240	147,250	173,985	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	147,735	67,425	80,305	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	173,505	79,825	93,680	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,555	82,555	92,995	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	100,405	49,385	51,020	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,292,670	603,800	688,875	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	112,665	56,495	56,175	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	212,710	108,975	103,730	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	279,495	126,690	152,805	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	537,500	242,185	295,310	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	150,305	69,455	80,845	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	110,850	50,515	60,330	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	3,800	1,545	2,260	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	3,915	1,720	2,195	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	5,425	2,710	2,715	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	1,305	600	710	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	570	250	315	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	3,505	1,770	1,735	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	10,375	4,425	5,945	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	3,265	1,330	1,930	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	2,620	1,205	1,415	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	57,780	26,425	31,355	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	8,530	9,765	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	319,885	156,975	162,915	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,570	2,230	2,345	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	5,780	2,945	2,830	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	5,700	2,895	2,805	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	35,045	16,835	18,210	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	3,630	1,965	1,670	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	6,175	3,145	3,030	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,890	3,090	2,795	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	15,405	8,050	7,355	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	18,225	9,365	8,855	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	15,115	6,965	8,145	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	8,215	4,125	4,090	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	8,995	4,400	4,595	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	10,920	4,700	6,215	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	4,480	2,225	2,260	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	7,500	3,520	3,980	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	123,810	60,975	62,835	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	19,545	20,880	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	42,805	21,500	21,310	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	485	310	175	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	2,705	1,480	1,225	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	2,070	1,015	1,060	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	4,705	2,175	2,535	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	985	535	455	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	1,740	925	815	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	1,080	515	570	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	13,375	6,700	6,675	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	15,645	7,840	7,800	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	788,055	359,835	428,220	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	5,040	2,550	2,490	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	2,125	1,080	1,040	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	199,990	89,145	110,845	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	74,210	34,120	40,090	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	162,650	79,395	83,245	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	37,160	18,890	18,270	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	5,550	2,855	2,690	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	13,365	3,840	9,520	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	41,515	18,870	22,645	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	2,235	1,290	950	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	10,665	5,470	5,190	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	112,100	45,890	66,210	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	4,585	2,360	2,230	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,845	1,450	1,400	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	38,900	17,450	21,450	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	27,875	12,970	14,905	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	47,255	22,215	25,045	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	31,075	14,975	16,100	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,555	82,555	92,995	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	14,550	7,160	7,385	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	1,145	525	615	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	580	250	325	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	140	60	80	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	35	35	10	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	625	355	265	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	2,885	1,420	1,460	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	6,485	3,290	3,190	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	270	115	155	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	2,380	1,105	1,275	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	19,735	10,260	9,475	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	970	510	460	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	1,450	775	675	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,430	900	530	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	245	120	125	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	690	310	380	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	1,735	620	1,110	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	1,230	495	735	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,540	3,840	2,695	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	5,455	2,685	2,765	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	6,200	3,150	3,050	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	65	40	20	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	65	25	35	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	80	75	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	625	340	290	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	320	175	145	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	305	170	140	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	205	115	95	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	645	325	315	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	355	145	215	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	815	810	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	80	30	45	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	1,745	890	860	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	131,880	60,140	71,735	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	870	455	415	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	470	230	245	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	38,105	16,965	21,140	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,800	770	1,030	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	27,460	13,780	13,680	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,645	4,315	4,330	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	1,910	940	965	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	365	205	160	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	2,285	570	1,715	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	8,025	3,430	4,595	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	265	155	110	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	310	115	195	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	1,965	990	975	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	26,680	11,615	15,065	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	400	180	215	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	535	265	265	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,185	1,095	1,085	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	2,505	970	1,530	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	395	220	170	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	385	195	195	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	1,780	685	1,090	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	4,545	1,980	2,560	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	3,185	1,845	1,340	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	1,920	1,130	790	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	1,265	715	550	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,426,450	670,440	756,010	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,043,860	523,340	520,520	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	955,955	442,040	513,915	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	537,875	258,560	279,315	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	209,685	123,645	86,040	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	328,185	134,915	193,275	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	323,440	133,775	189,670	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	82,360	44,250	38,110	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	12,285	5,455	6,825	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	270,585	130,265	140,320	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	263,540	127,115	136,425	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	172,520	83,645	88,880	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	89,405	42,715	46,690	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	1,610	760	855	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	4,350	2,090	2,260	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,695	1,060	1,635	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	135,835	65,560	70,280	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	91,710	45,690	46,020	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90,390	45,100	45,295	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	79,875	39,685	40,190	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	10,080	5,215	4,865	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	430	200	235	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,325	595	725	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	535	635	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	50	50	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	45	10	45	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	211,100	100,835	110,260	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	201,895	96,650	105,245	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,020	62,170	67,850	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,180	33,595	36,585	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,700	890	815	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	9,200	4,185	5,015	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,865	4,050	4,810	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	75	90	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	35	90	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	20	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,381,235	658,260	722,975	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	365,705	183,650	182,055	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	508,480	237,805	270,670	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	43,500	22,455	21,045	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	145,025	62,505	82,520	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	44,115	20,600	23,515	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	19,840	10,865	8,980	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,920	25,975	28,950	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	48,695	24,880	23,810	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	60,495	27,915	32,580	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	41,230	17,435	23,800	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	8,760	4,280	4,485	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40,465	19,900	20,565	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	302,810	146,530	156,280	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	106,595	113,650	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	2,615	1,280	1,340	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	90,515	43,460	47,050	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	922,690	460,355	462,335	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	3,940	1,960	1,980	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	78,170	37,765	40,405	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	866,530	432,975	433,560	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	60	45	15	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	1,875	995	880	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	185	95	85	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	130	55	75	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	1,830	945	880	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	405	175	230	1,895	950	945
European origins	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	1,926,040	945,580	980,460	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	455	230	220	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	610	340	265	1,975	995	975
English	1,203,540	585,700	617,845	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	675,135	318,455	356,675	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	1,810	835	975	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	860,775	417,080	443,700	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	113,905	54,260	59,645	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	122,700	59,225	63,475	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	388,815	184,705	204,110	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	210	95	115	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	110	45	65	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	105	40	65	1,750	950	805
French	388,580	184,595	203,980	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,860	411,165	428,695	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	48,510	23,030	25,485	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	225	105	120	940	485	455
Belgian	19,980	9,615	10,360	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	213,670	105,040	108,630	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	2,215	1,145	1,075	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	850	425	425	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	603,265	294,860	308,410	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	695	340	355	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	31,390	15,510	15,880	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	905	425	485	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	166,100	180,425	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	58,205	27,985	30,220	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	34,150	16,285	17,870	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	26,410	12,860	13,545	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	138,430	66,870	71,565	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	110,030	51,000	59,030	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15,080	7,610	7,470	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	569,260	275,900	293,360	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	4,015	1,875	2,140	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	2,760	1,400	1,365	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	23,375	11,500	11,875	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	7,970	3,795	4,175	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	4,840	2,250	2,590	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	56,535	27,450	29,090	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	4,935	2,565	2,370	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	7,225	3,465	3,755	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	1,085	510	580	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	149,635	71,605	78,030	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	31,250	15,125	16,125	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	131,060	62,880	68,180	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	11,220	5,440	5,780	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	229,205	111,285	117,915	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	3,555	1,645	1,915	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	334,740	164,780	169,960	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	1,925	975	950	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	3,290	1,635	1,655	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	120	85	30	1,280	740	535
Croatian	23,845	12,180	11,660	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	440	230	205	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	24,460	12,410	12,050	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	166,095	83,095	83,000	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	280	135	145	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	1,205	620	580	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	2,645	1,350	1,295	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	710	360	350	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	41,770	20,620	21,145	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	12,895	6,625	6,270	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	545	295	255	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	5,555	2,725	2,825	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	64,470	29,245	35,225	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	7,080	3,360	3,725	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	395	200	195	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	34,700	17,800	16,900	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	840	470	375	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	17,580	8,950	8,635	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	805	320	485	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	965	520	450	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	14,715	7,635	7,080	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	25,010	12,350	12,660	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	220	115	105	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	255	140	110	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	1,870	945	930	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	335	155	175	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	70	50	25	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	1,320	615	700	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	735	330	410	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	380	195	185	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	1,125	515	605
Haitian	1,140	530	615	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	10,545	5,425	5,120	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	70	55	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	25	0	20	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	25	15	10	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	570	260	310	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	190	85	110	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,170	2,085	2,085	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	415	180	230	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,120	930	1,190	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,920	945	975	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	33,580	36,335	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,625	1,350	1,275	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	90	45	45	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	2,025	910	1,120	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	125	60	65	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	375	145	230	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	5,455	2,465	2,990	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	5,700	2,740	2,955	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	5,860	2,805	3,055	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	810	385	425	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	1,040	490	550	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	2,575	1,310	1,265	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	1,925	995	935	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	1,535	720	810	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	1,445	750	695	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	930	475	455	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	23,055	11,025	12,035	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	1,520	735	785	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	325	140	185	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	895	475	420	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	3,905	1,775	2,135	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	6,815	3,390	3,425	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	410	205	205	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	1,900	915	980	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,310	1,605	1,705	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	59,985	30,635	29,345	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	7,075	3,810	3,265	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	40	30	10	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	90	55	35	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	85	30	50	1,585	855	735
Beninese	35	20	15	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	45	30	15	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	150	85	70	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	70	50	25	1,845	955	885
Congolese	810	405	400	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	85	55	30	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	55	25	30	845	470	375
Gabonese	10	0	10	1,405	660	750
Gambian	25	10	15	975	495	475
Ghanaian	1,600	865	730	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	130	45	80	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	280	160	115	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	100	55	50	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	250	95	150	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	80	55	25	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	10	0	0	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	2,615	1,430	1,185	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	20	0	15	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	95	75	25	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	130	60	65	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	100	70	40	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	0	0	0	840	495	345
Yoruba	255	135	125	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	620	305	315	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	9,840	5,210	4,630	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	770	465	305	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	210	130	80	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	150	90	65	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	45	25	15	900	500	400
Egyptian	4,520	2,340	2,180	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	420	275	140	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	150	60	90	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	2,005	1,105	895	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	1,225	535	695	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	500	290	215	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	215	115	105	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	24,800	12,345	12,450	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	705	355	355	1,870	955	915
Amhara	115	60	50	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	255	140	120	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	215	95	120	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	0	0	0	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	1,055	550	505	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	2,550	1,280	1,270	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	0	0	0	665	355	305
Kenyan	1,615	775	845	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	105	65	40	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	975	520	450	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	140	75	65	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	420	225	195	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	25	15	15	1,285	575	710
Somali	2,295	1,115	1,180	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	11,060	5,510	5,550	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	490	220	275	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	205	110	95	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	775	390	380	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	210	95	110	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	855	445	405	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	75	25	45	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,840	910	930	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	19,215	9,745	9,465	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,660	1,315	1,340	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	16,740	8,515	8,225	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	1,312,445	624,270	688,175	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	51,315	48,245	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	7,895	4,005	3,885	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	5,660	3,125	2,540	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	3,715	1,905	1,815	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	545	295	250	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	990	570	425	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	740	380	355	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	55	30	20	1,515	810	705
Iranian	47,985	24,290	23,695	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	5,575	2,860	2,715	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	2,655	1,370	1,285	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	785	425	355	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	385	205	175	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	2,120	1,165	950	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	125	85	40	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	175	90	85	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	7,980	4,175	3,805	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	2,625	1,410	1,210	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	360	200	160	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	975	615	360	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	3,955	1,905	2,055	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	260	135	125	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	790	365	425	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	6,355	3,485	2,865	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	120	70	55	1,040	540	500
Uighur	130	65	60	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	270	150	120	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	300	185	115	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,635	1,340	1,295	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	363,885	182,650	181,235	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	1,840	925	920	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	850	405	445	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	120	65	55	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	309,315	154,795	154,520	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	485	245	240	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	700	335	365	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	185	100	85	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	1,495	690	805	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	12,585	6,565	6,015	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	38,725	19,700	19,025	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	620	325	300	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	5,710	2,970	2,740	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	1,235	670	560	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	8,245	4,070	4,170	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,345	393,475	461,875	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	2,310	1,135	1,175	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	1,580	1,655	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	540,155	253,065	287,090	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	158,215	68,710	89,505	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	130	70	60	805	420	390
Indonesian	6,625	3,115	3,510	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	51,150	22,200	28,945	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	895	450	445	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	63,300	29,330	33,975	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	2,530	1,275	1,255	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	5,060	2,260	2,800	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	1,495	740	760	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	1,055	490	560	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	21,455	9,810	11,650	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	5,065	1,870	3,195	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	550	290	260	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	41,435	20,205	21,230	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	785	310	470	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	2,500	1,250	1,250	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	2,500	1,250	1,255	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	41,125	20,605	20,520	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	16,240	8,385	7,855	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	6,565	3,405	3,155	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	19,135	9,240	9,890	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	14,145	6,895	7,250	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	2,200	970	1,235	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	1,120	595	530	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	600	275	325	1,530	725	805
Samoan	485	255	230	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	905	440	465	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	1,279,020	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	599,360	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	3,590	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	416,770	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	1,465,200	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	22,705	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	311,035	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	514,015	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	513,135	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	521,075	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	642,910	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	274,780	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	235,845	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	199,715	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	528,720	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,839,850	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	42,120	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,881,965	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	1,781,905	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	100,060	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	267,560	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	559,485	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	289,565	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	331,865	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	125,335	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	171,945	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	136,210	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,763,105	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	118,865	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,091,500	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	725,675	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	64,790	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,881,970	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	58,620	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	253,950	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	304,185	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	378,545	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	390,185	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	288,165	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	152,225	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	56,085	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,832,420	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,320,210	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	512,210	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	420,705	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,242,600	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.6	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.7	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,387	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	500,874	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	720,689	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	592,825	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.5	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.3	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,036	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,640	305,320	296,315	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,138,565	549,580	588,985	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,980	250,270	88,720	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	142,935	83,055	59,880	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	196,045	167,210	28,840	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,945	280,300	420,645	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,010	54,420	83,585	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	442,880	509,360	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	622,670	281,020	341,655	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,005	28,575	40,430	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,110	16,690	12,420	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	195,825	94,360	101,465	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35,625	22,240	13,390	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,000	134,410	109,585	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	671,010	330,835	340,175	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,617,965	761,790	856,175	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	231,445	172,290	59,155	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	97,350	56,920	40,435	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	134,095	115,370	18,725	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	528,805	210,880	317,925	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	99,695	39,205	60,490	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	758,015	339,415	418,605	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	497,845	219,005	278,840	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	52,955	20,995	31,965	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	22,440	11,665	10,775	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	159,740	73,335	86,405	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,030	14,420	10,615	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	144,100	34,915	109,185	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	144,100	34,910	109,185	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	44,465	54,275	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,970	12,880	4,090	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	31,580	50,185	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	124,600	49,025	75,575	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,235	3,675	11,555	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	34,710	10,845	23,865	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	13,670	22,050	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	585	210	375	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,710	4,050	2,660	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,275	7,400	4,880	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	15,780	8,475	7,300	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	3,580	705	2,880	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,990	87,960	158,025	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,120	1,060	3,060	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,180	8,505	14,680	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	3,285	34,785	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	13,545	24,955	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,325	1,345	2,985	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	43,230	12,480	30,750	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	94,560	47,755	46,810	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	426,460	166,470	259,990	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	775	215	560	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,520	5,960	20,565	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	160,295	238,865	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,425	46,070	40,355	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,760	16,800	19,960	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	9,400	9,620	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	835	225	610	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	26,370	18,395	7,975	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	1,255	2,185	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,070	51,490	28,575	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	43,900	18,890	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	5,560	755	4,805	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,875	6,295	4,580	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	835	540	300	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,670	388,335	39,340	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	15,490	9,985	5,505	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	98,455	81,055	17,395	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,500	60,490	8,010	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	90	25	65	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	100,765	97,615	3,150	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,720	94,520	3,200	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	46,660	44,650	2,015	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	31,680	18,525	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	13,670	11,275	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	18,010	7,250	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	322,715	65,735	256,975	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,740	11,920	11,820	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	48,985	241,655	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,330	4,835	3,495	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	61,605	61,250	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	79,740	24,860	54,885	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	290	30	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	1,120	115	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	13,935	10,390	3,545	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	24,945	2,680	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	355	115	240	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	350	115	240	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	915,015	465,250	449,765	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	96,005	21,035	74,970	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	96,010	21,035	74,975	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	77,655	34,430	43,225	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,710	9,580	3,130	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	64,940	24,845	40,090	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	93,605	35,490	58,115	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,710	2,510	9,195	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	25,665	7,810	17,850	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,260	10,505	17,750	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	425	170	255	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,970	2,960	2,010	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,330	4,945	3,385	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	11,805	6,140	5,665	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	2,445	455	2,000	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	196,450	67,000	129,450	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,460	845	2,615	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	19,685	6,940	12,750	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,855	2,505	27,350	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	31,190	9,665	21,525	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,540	1,110	2,425	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	33,055	8,845	24,210	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	75,665	37,095	38,575	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	335,220	128,975	206,245	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	540	170	365	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	20,695	4,240	16,455	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	313,985	124,565	189,425	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	63,705	32,325	31,385	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	28,505	12,595	15,915	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,825	6,570	7,260	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	645	160	485	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	18,525	12,250	6,270	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,210	750	1,460	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	68,660	44,820	23,840	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	56,390	39,660	16,725	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	3,830	545	3,290	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,760	4,185	3,570	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	680	430	250	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	310,855	277,375	33,475	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	12,110	7,240	4,875	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	76,935	61,380	15,560	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	48,690	42,285	6,405	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	20	45	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	72,800	70,225	2,570	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	69,025	66,545	2,480	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	31,225	29,690	1,535	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	39,360	23,810	15,555	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	18,965	9,875	9,090	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	20,395	13,930	6,470	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	244,975	50,520	194,460	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,900	9,380	9,520	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	219,800	37,800	182,000	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,285	3,340	2,940	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	91,185	45,925	45,265	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	58,820	18,880	39,945	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	195	165	30	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	570	505	65	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	11,175	8,110	3,060	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	20,430	18,265	2,165	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	275	85	185	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	270	85	185	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,550	785,340	840,205	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	593,275	650,635	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	381,645	192,070	189,575	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	504,630	242,530	262,100	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	74,030	40,425	33,610	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	56,845	20,455	36,395	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	44,115	22,045	22,065	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	58,825	31,920	26,910	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	61,840	27,630	34,210	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	4,385	2,360	2,025	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	204,580	97,700	106,885	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	915,015	465,250	449,765	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,617,960	761,790	856,170	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	1,239,640	589,155	650,490	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	970,485	454,780	515,700	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	269,155	134,375	134,785	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	378,325	172,640	205,685	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50,095	26,175	23,920	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	48,935	17,385	31,555	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	36,800	17,455	19,345	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	32,890	17,360	15,530	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	53,570	23,445	30,125	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	3,505	1,885	1,615	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	152,530	68,935	83,595	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	165,975	91,385	74,590	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	596,935	801,775	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	63.9	68.3	59.7	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	59.6	63.4	55.9	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.1	6.3	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,290,235	547,350	742,885	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,183,405	675,950	507,460	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,396,735	659,470	737,260	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.1	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,555	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	343,395	209,955	133,430	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,560	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	275,000	168,820	106,180	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	368,940	106,205	262,740	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	161,520	127,060	34,460	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	162,865	35,775	127,095	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	269,255	87,765	181,485	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	93,100	44,855	48,245	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	595,225	251,490	343,735	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	360,970	339,660	21,315	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	64,235	47,530	16,700	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	76,745	55,430	21,315	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,250	22,555	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65,205	42,840	22,360	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25,920	21,810	4,115	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	12,445	8,915	3,535	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	199,985	175,195	24,790	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	157,560	113,945	43,615	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	82,105	55,530	26,580	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	283,135	129,985	153,150	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	128,400	98,580	29,815	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	67,225	41,065	26,155	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	93,805	38,430	55,380	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	54,995	29,515	25,475	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	196,670	107,680	88,990	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,320	1,975	2,345	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	109,095	62,325	46,775	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	173,820	56,455	117,365	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	270,855	52,320	218,530	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,940	29,050	28,895	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	207,045	86,555	120,490	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	112,335	47,960	64,375	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	125,000	64,450	60,545	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	196,510	95,515	100,990	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	16,040	11,285	4,760	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	326,180	243,130	83,050	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,410	382,105	482,305	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	405,435	402,400	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	47,820	33,930	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	12,965	9,160	3,805	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	803,485	672,095	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,580	49,075	65,500	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	274,205	117,830	156,375	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	142,310	62,395	79,920	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	51,350	32,665	18,680	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	35,115	22,195	12,915	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	601,950	276,005	325,950	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	689,520	353,590	335,925	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	237,995	187,685	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	184,690	104,220	80,465	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	191,305	115,840	75,470	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,370	101,315	41,050	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	214,795	127,700	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,485	271,110	255,375	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,210	202,910	267,295	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,185	125,470	166,715	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,400	172,045	147,355	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	6,140	1,660	4,485	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	84,500	44,805	39,705	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	260	75	180	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	10	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	20	0	15
Chilcotin	20	10	10	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	10	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	110	30	85	110	25	85
Comox	10	0	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	0	15	15	10	10
Lillooet	15	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	20	0	20	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	30	10	25	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	10	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	25	10	20	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	10	10	10	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	30	10	20	35	15	20
Haisla	10	0	10	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	10	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	84,245	44,730	39,520	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	440	295	145	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	0	0	10	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	10	0	10	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	295	135	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	15	15	0	200	95	100
Arabic	320	235	85	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	20	10	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	30	50	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,165	1,345	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	30	20	475	230	245
Vietnamese	2,460	1,140	1,325	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	825	385	440	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	20	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	30	15	20	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	65	35	20	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	320	375	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	40	25	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	30	15	20	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	30	10	15	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	23,765	13,305	10,460	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	15	15	0	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	950	440	510	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	10	10	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	10	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	935	435	500	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10	155	90	65
Bulgarian	10	0	10	205	110	90
Croatian	30	10	25	220	130	95
Czech	40	20	10	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	10	95	45	55
Polish	115	50	70	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	565	255	315	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	95	55	40	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	15	10	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	40	25	15	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	805	465	335	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	15	10	0	85	40	40
Danish	15	15	0	90	50	35
Dutch	120	70	45	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	590	330	260	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	65	30	40
Swedish	25	20	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	10	10	10	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	55	25	30	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	19,805	11,280	8,535	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	18,715	10,560	8,160	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	15	15	0	530	275	245
Gujarati	35	15	25	880	300	585
Hindi	300	185	110	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	20	10	10	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,295	10,310	7,985	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	10	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	45	25	25	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	1,085	720	365	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	25	25	0	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	1,060	700	360	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	2,140	1,085	1,060	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	10	10	0	30	10	20
Italian	110	50	60	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	515	255	260	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	70	45	25	745	365	380
Spanish	1,435	725	710	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	1,730	650	1,080	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	10	10	0	30	10	20
Korean	5,585	3,005	2,585	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	10	15	0	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	280	90	190	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	215	45	165	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	25	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	48,735	25,645	23,085	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	48,645	25,595	23,055	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	23,555	12,020	11,535	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	15	0	10	70	25	45
Mandarin	23,835	12,935	10,900	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	120	85	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	20	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	985	485	500	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	50	30	270	155	115
Burmese	25	15	15	75	35	35
Karenic languages	55	35	15	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	110	675	270	405
Lao	10	0	10	150	70	80
Thai	165	65	105	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	30	20	0
Turkish	55	40	15	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	10	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	25	10	15	105	40	65
Hungarian	25	10	15	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	80	45	35
Multiple responses	48,205	23,795	24,410	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	4,210	1,865	2,345	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	43,480	21,760	21,720	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	55	30	25	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	465	145	320	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	36,505	18,270	18,235	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	22,465	10,170	12,300	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	110,375	54,925	55,455	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	1,860	630	1,225	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	54,295	54,225	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	60	40	15	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	1,155	545	610	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	2,070	980	1,090	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	705,440	347,095	358,345	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	386,620	189,765	196,855	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	318,825	157,335	161,490	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	249,960	123,425	126,540	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	188,225	92,150	96,070	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	31,275	30,465	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	68,860	33,910	34,950	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	1,849,425	904,145	945,275	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	940,895	460,185	480,710	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	908,535	443,965	464,570	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	672,805	329,700	343,105	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	503,685	245,895	257,795	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	169,115	83,805	85,310	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	235,730	114,265	121,465	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. British Columbia [Province] and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Canada [Country]