Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

• Income statistics in 2010 (3B): Total - Population with income and without income in 2010

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 26.1 %

Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 4	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 7	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^Footnote 8	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,545	1,362,975	26,986,925	272,600
Male	13,295,350	11,411,540	1,883,815	12,280,910	1,014,445	13,078,550	216,805
Female	13,964,170	13,122,035	842,135	13,615,640	348,535	13,908,375	55,795
Total - Age groups^Footnote 9	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,545	1,362,975	26,986,925	272,600
15 to 24 years	4,324,065	4,309,190	14,875	4,318,665	5,400	4,323,705	365
25 to 54 years	14,044,940	12,134,215	1,910,730	13,121,290	923,645	13,875,080	169,865
25 to 34 years	4,293,950	4,008,240	285,715	4,182,405	111,550	4,282,340	11,605
35 to 44 years	4,461,430	3,757,310	704,125	4,127,445	333,990	4,402,170	59,265
45 to 54 years	5,289,560	4,368,670	920,890	4,811,445	478,115	5,190,570	98,995
55 to 64 years	4,338,980	3,760,540	578,440	4,025,060	313,915	4,269,330	69,645
65 years and over	4,551,540	4,329,630	221,910	4,431,525	120,010	4,518,805	32,730
65 to 74 years	2,624,535	2,473,695	150,840	2,541,010	83,525	2,601,405	23,135
75 years and over	1,927,000	1,855,930	71,075	1,890,520	36,485	1,917,405	9,600
Population in private households by marital status^Footnote 10	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,950	25,896,545	1,362,980	26,986,925	272,600
Married or living with a common-law partner	16,005,320	13,843,310	2,162,015	14,893,600	1,111,720	15,774,365	230,955
Married (and not separated)	12,878,850	11,025,405	1,853,445	11,910,195	968,660	12,671,905	206,945
Living common law	3,126,475	2,817,900	308,570	2,983,410	143,065	3,102,465	24,010
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	11,254,200	10,690,260	563,940	11,002,945	251,255	11,212,555	41,645
Single (never legally married)	7,596,680	7,326,645	270,035	7,485,150	111,535	7,581,160	15,525
Separated	662,580	593,400	69,180	629,430	33,150	656,765	5,815
Divorced	1,647,790	1,483,390	164,395	1,570,660	77,130	1,633,945	13,840
Widowed	1,347,150	1,286,820	60,325	1,317,705	29,445	1,340,685	6,460
Total - Household living arrangements^Footnote 11	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,550	1,362,980	26,986,925	272,600
Total persons in households with at least one census family	22,371,210	20,030,800	2,340,415	21,184,695	1,186,510	22,129,580	241,635
Married spouses, common-law partners	15,776,200	13,631,935	2,144,265	14,673,985	1,102,220	15,547,615	228,585
Lone parents	1,499,375	1,370,815	128,565	1,442,710	56,665	1,490,120	9,260
Children in families with two parents present	3,154,735	3,129,100	25,630	3,145,035	9,700	3,153,620	1,115
Children in families with one parent present	1,248,310	1,230,035	18,275	1,241,065	7,240	1,247,235	1,075
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^Footnote 12	415,510	403,960	11,550	410,235	5,275	414,605	900
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	277,085	264,950	12,135	271,670	5,415	276,390	695
Total persons in non-census family households	4,888,315	4,502,770	385,540	4,711,850	176,465	4,857,345	30,970
Living with relatives^Footnote 13	261,895	250,400	11,500	257,210	4,685	261,205	685
Living with non-relatives only	963,620	919,695	43,920	944,565	19,055	961,000	2,615
Living alone	3,662,800	3,332,680	330,120	3,510,075	152,725	3,635,130	27,670
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^Footnote 14	27,259,525	24,533,575	2,725,955	25,896,550	1,362,975	26,986,920	272,600
Economic family persons	22,356,025	20,016,250	2,339,775	21,170,240	1,185,785	22,114,400	241,625
Couple family	19,214,360	17,040,655	2,173,700	18,100,860	1,113,500	18,984,385	229,975
Couple only	6,939,095	6,217,040	722,060	6,570,230	368,865	6,861,970	77,125
Couple with children	11,980,455	10,549,490	1,430,960	11,245,840	734,610	11,829,250	151,200
Couple with other relatives only	294,810	274,130	20,680	284,780	10,025	293,165	1,640
Lone-parent family	2,596,275	2,454,110	142,160	2,533,930	62,340	2,586,005	10,270
Female-parent family	2,053,010	1,964,170	88,835	2,018,390	34,615	2,048,005	5,005
Female-parent family with no other relatives	1,921,935	1,837,270	84,660	1,889,005	32,930	1,917,145	4,785
Male-parent family	543,265	489,935	53,325	515,540	27,730	538,000	5,265
Male-parent family with no other relatives	509,015	457,430	51,585	482,065	26,945	503,905	5,110
Other economic family^Footnote 15	545,390	521,475	23,910	535,455	9,935	544,010	1,380
Persons not in an economic family	4,903,500	4,517,325	386,180	4,726,305	177,190	4,872,525	30,980
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,950	25,896,550	1,362,980	26,986,925	272,600
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 16	1,008,580	953,120	55,460	985,125	23,460	1,005,855	2,730
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 17	592,760	569,300	23,460	583,595	9,170	591,785	975
Métis single identity	347,380	320,980	26,405	335,600	11,780	345,895	1,480
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	39,285	35,925	3,360	37,800	1,475	39,190	85
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 18	7,690	7,295	395	7,510	180	7,665	25
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 19	21,465	19,625	1,840	20,615	850	21,310	155
Non-Aboriginal identity	26,250,945	23,580,445	2,670,495	24,911,425	1,339,520	25,981,070	269,870
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 20	27,259,520	24,533,575	2,725,950	25,896,545	1,362,980	26,986,925	272,600
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 21	489,705	471,260	18,445	482,190	7,515	488,835	870
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	26,769,825	24,062,315	2,707,510	25,414,355	1,355,465	26,498,095	271,730
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 22	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,550	1,362,975	26,986,925	272,600
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 23	1,329,985	1,246,815	83,170	1,293,665	36,320	1,325,310	4,675
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 24	988,640	934,480	54,165	965,185	23,455	985,485	3,160
Métis ancestry	329,650	302,195	27,455	317,500	12,155	328,155	1,495
Inuit ancestry	47,815	43,615	4,200	45,890	1,925	47,665	150
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 25	25,929,535	23,286,755	2,642,785	24,602,880	1,326,655	25,661,615	267,925
Total - Generation status^Footnote 26	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,950	25,896,545	1,362,975	26,986,925	272,600
First generation^Footnote 27	6,777,370	6,169,375	607,995	6,463,945	313,430	6,712,325	65,045
Second generation^Footnote 28	4,207,485	3,699,375	508,110	3,949,990	257,490	4,151,845	55,640
Third generation or more^Footnote 29	16,274,670	14,664,820	1,609,845	15,482,610	792,055	16,122,755	151,920
Total - Population by visible minority^Footnote 30	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,950	25,896,550	1,362,975	26,986,920	272,600
Total visible minority population^Footnote 31	4,917,190	4,565,595	351,595	4,747,410	169,775	4,887,180	30,010
South Asian^Footnote 32	1,204,905	1,111,260	93,645	1,157,855	47,050	1,195,845	9,055
Chinese	1,115,085	1,016,015	99,070	1,066,155	48,930	1,106,345	8,740
Black	690,715	652,405	38,305	674,925	15,785	688,645	2,070
Filipino	491,710	463,785	27,925	480,985	10,720	490,520	1,190
Latin American	313,065	296,720	16,350	305,350	7,715	311,980	1,090
Arab	281,105	261,855	19,245	270,500	10,600	278,720	2,380
Southeast Asian^Footnote 33	252,005	235,815	16,185	244,240	7,765	250,605	1,400
West Asian^Footnote 34	168,175	156,490	11,690	161,975	6,205	166,950	1,225
Korean	133,245	125,570	7,675	128,995	4,250	132,360	890
Japanese	69,865	61,875	7,985	65,545	4,315	68,825	1,035
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 35	82,625	77,345	5,285	80,165	2,460	82,205	420
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 36	114,695	106,470	8,220	110,720	3,975	114,190	505
Not a visible minority^Footnote 37	22,342,335	19,967,970	2,374,360	21,149,135	1,193,200	22,099,745	242,590
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 38	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,550	1,362,980	26,986,925	272,600
Non-immigrants^Footnote 39	20,543,695	18,415,900	2,127,800	19,488,585	1,055,110	20,334,950	208,745
Immigrants^Footnote 40	6,398,850	5,817,455	581,390	6,100,640	298,210	6,338,355	60,495
Before 1981	2,131,835	1,880,245	251,585	1,994,310	137,525	2,099,770	32,065
1981 to 1990	949,895	846,480	103,410	897,685	52,210	939,790	10,100
1991 to 2000	1,510,065	1,386,560	123,505	1,451,620	58,440	1,500,710	9,355
2001 to 2009	1,565,025	1,468,570	96,455	1,518,505	46,525	1,556,775	8,250
2001 to 2005	866,860	804,075	62,785	837,715	29,150	861,970	4,895
2006 to 2009	698,160	664,495	33,670	680,790	17,370	694,805	3,355
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 41	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,550	1,362,975	26,986,925	272,600
English	15,258,565	13,456,995	1,801,565	14,345,900	912,665	15,071,675	186,890
French	5,889,225	5,460,825	428,395	5,686,030	203,190	5,851,020	38,205
Non-official language	5,756,460	5,287,785	468,670	5,522,470	233,990	5,711,220	45,235
Aboriginal	149,965	144,260	5,710	147,655	2,315	149,805	165
Non-Aboriginal	5,606,485	5,143,525	462,965	5,374,815	231,670	5,561,425	45,070
English and French	42,640	39,805	2,835	41,215	1,420	42,360	275
English and non-official language	260,870	239,375	21,500	250,570	10,305	259,080	1,790
French and non-official language	47,630	44,830	2,805	46,310	1,320	47,440	190
English, French and non-official language	4,140	3,955	185	4,055	80	4,130	0
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 42	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,550	1,362,975	26,986,925	272,600
English	20,277,305	18,021,070	2,256,235	19,138,045	1,139,265	20,047,010	230,300
French	6,252,555	5,808,365	444,190	6,041,870	210,690	6,212,740	39,815
English and French	289,905	270,975	18,930	280,230	9,680	288,050	1,860
Neither English nor French	439,755	433,160	6,595	436,405	3,345	439,125	630
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 43	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,545	1,362,980	26,986,920	272,600
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,485,395	5,379,485	105,915	5,437,020	48,380	5,477,235	8,165
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 44	6,968,935	6,628,805	340,130	6,809,845	159,090	6,942,715	26,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 45	14,805,195	12,525,285	2,279,910	13,649,685	1,155,505	14,566,980	238,210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,120,835	8,210,805	910,030	8,709,505	411,335	9,065,545	55,290
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 46	2,950,685	2,697,210	253,475	2,834,905	115,780	2,937,545	13,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,970,020	4,465,415	504,610	4,746,905	223,115	4,940,320	29,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 47	1,200,130	1,048,180	151,950	1,127,690	72,440	1,187,675	12,450
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,684,360	4,314,480	1,369,880	4,940,185	744,175	5,501,435	182,920
Bachelor's degree	3,634,425	2,884,760	749,660	3,249,595	384,830	3,547,810	86,615
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 48	2,049,935	1,429,720	620,215	1,690,590	359,345	1,953,625	96,310
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 49	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,545	1,362,975	26,986,920	272,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 50	12,454,335	12,008,290	446,045	12,246,860	207,470	12,419,945	34,385
Education	1,109,455	936,540	172,920	1,063,130	46,325	1,104,550	4,910
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	548,630	511,085	37,545	532,200	16,425	546,130	2,500
Humanities	821,590	725,165	96,425	775,920	45,675	812,800	8,795
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,497,755	1,260,145	237,610	1,362,500	135,250	1,462,165	35,590
Business, management and public administration	3,187,570	2,689,645	497,930	2,900,860	286,710	3,116,930	70,645
Physical and life sciences and technologies	554,675	444,870	109,810	495,395	59,285	543,195	11,485
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	601,705	485,445	116,260	546,305	55,395	594,470	7,240
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,193,970	2,596,750	597,220	2,882,800	311,170	3,145,225	48,745
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	326,230	285,200	41,030	307,200	19,030	323,675	2,555
Health and related fields^Footnote 51	2,060,605	1,766,675	293,930	1,914,060	146,540	2,018,020	42,585
Personal, protective and transportation services	900,005	821,020	78,985	866,415	33,585	896,840	3,165
Other fields of study^Footnote 52	2,995	2,740	250	2,880	110	2,990	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 53	27,259,525	24,533,570	2,725,955	25,896,545	1,362,980	26,986,920	272,600
Industry - Not applicable^Footnote 54	8,126,220	7,980,860	145,355	8,058,115	68,100	8,110,900	15,315
All industries^Footnote 55	19,133,310	16,552,705	2,580,600	17,838,430	1,294,880	18,876,020	257,285
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	485,495	459,065	26,425	472,920	12,570	482,985	2,510
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	276,345	149,295	127,045	191,305	85,040	256,745	19,600
22 Utilities	158,935	87,710	71,225	117,915	41,025	154,805	4,130
23 Construction	1,309,595	1,149,825	159,770	1,230,230	79,365	1,295,480	14,115
31-33 Manufacturing	1,722,465	1,470,955	251,510	1,600,760	121,710	1,703,040	19,430
41 Wholesale trade	776,805	633,425	143,385	692,670	84,135	758,760	18,050
44-45 Retail trade	2,244,470	2,132,950	111,520	2,186,655	57,815	2,233,650	10,830
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	884,070	787,930	96,140	837,770	46,295	877,260	6,810
51 Information and cultural industries	450,110	368,580	81,530	409,670	40,440	442,700	7,415
52 Finance and insurance	811,990	631,470	180,520	704,485	107,500	780,660	31,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	349,595	297,820	51,780	319,045	30,545	341,135	8,465
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,339,015	1,029,590	309,425	1,149,955	189,055	1,292,680	46,330
55 Management of companies and enterprises	19,075	14,365	4,710	15,965	3,110	17,750	1,325
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	812,155	771,230	40,920	790,815	21,340	807,695	4,460
61 Educational services	1,432,160	1,175,265	256,895	1,349,040	83,115	1,423,760	8,400
62 Health care and social assistance	2,089,385	1,835,320	254,070	1,971,375	118,010	2,053,585	35,800
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	436,280	417,575	18,710	427,350	8,930	434,610	1,675
72 Accommodation and food services	1,289,260	1,268,460	20,800	1,278,730	10,530	1,286,980	2,280
81 Other services (except public administration)	882,275	822,265	60,005	853,615	28,655	878,090	4,185
91 Public administration	1,363,830	1,049,610	314,220	1,238,150	125,680	1,353,665	10,165
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 56	27,259,520	24,533,570	2,725,950	25,896,545	1,362,975	26,986,920	272,600
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 57	8,126,220	7,980,860	145,355	8,058,115	68,100	8,110,900	15,315
All occupations^Footnote 58	19,133,305	16,552,710	2,580,600	17,838,435	1,294,875	18,876,020	257,290
0 Management occupations	2,056,205	1,390,455	665,750	1,638,450	417,750	1,956,390	99,815
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,143,880	2,820,835	323,045	2,981,375	162,505	3,108,665	35,225
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,306,595	933,760	372,835	1,121,820	184,770	1,281,235	25,360
3 Health occupations	1,175,800	952,555	223,245	1,064,220	111,585	1,138,890	36,910
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,249,275	1,835,965	413,305	2,093,305	155,970	2,221,050	28,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	591,345	556,790	34,555	576,340	15,005	588,775	2,570
6 Sales and service occupations	4,560,915	4,408,315	152,605	4,483,310	77,605	4,546,980	13,935
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,717,625	2,442,445	275,180	2,606,720	110,905	2,708,790	8,830
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460,940	418,215	42,730	436,730	24,220	457,755	3,190
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	870,730	793,375	77,355	836,160	34,570	867,500	3,230

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

Footnote 5

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

Footnote 6

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

Footnote 7

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

Footnote 8

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

Footnote 9

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 11

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 13

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 14

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Footnote 15

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 18

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 19

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 20

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 21

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 22

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 24

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 30

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 38

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

Footnote 41

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 42

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Footnote 43

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 44

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 45

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 46

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 47

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 48

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 49

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 50

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 51

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 52

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 53

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 56

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011036.