Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8C): Total - Age groups
• Sex (3): Total - Sex
• Work activity in 2010 (3): Total - Work activity in 2010
• Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6): Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree

This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 26.1 %

Selected sociocultural characteristics (60)	Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
	Total - Income statistics in 2010^Footnote 4	Without income	With income	Median income^Footnote 5	Average income^Footnote 6	Without after-tax income	With after-tax income	Median after-tax income^Footnote 7	Average after-tax income^Footnote 8	Total - Employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 9	With employment income	Median employment income^Footnote 10	Average employment income^Footnote 11	With wages and salaries	Median wages and salaries^Footnote 12	Average wages and salaries^Footnote 13
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	27,259,525	1,341,020	25,918,510	29,878	40,650	1,344,645	25,914,880	27,334	33,998	27,259,520	18,820,310	31,603	41,795	17,442,675	33,094	42,445
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 14	1,008,585	84,630	923,950	20,701	29,780	84,735	923,850	20,060	26,258	1,008,580	629,940	24,481	32,906	604,635	24,989	33,242
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 15	592,765	57,225	535,540	17,903	26,107	57,285	535,485	17,621	23,641	592,765	335,545	22,217	30,172	324,665	22,605	30,396
Métis single identity	347,375	22,575	324,800	26,173	35,051	22,630	324,750	24,551	30,005	347,380	247,455	28,075	36,344	234,655	29,029	36,934
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	39,280	2,930	36,350	20,961	31,722	2,930	36,350	20,401	27,744	39,285	27,595	19,905	32,329	27,165	19,910	32,429
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 16	7,690	660	7,035	24,043	31,236	660	7,030	22,742	27,309	7,690	5,035	25,802	32,307	4,765	27,370	32,927
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 17	21,465	1,235	20,230	27,889	38,382	1,230	20,235	25,691	32,333	21,465	14,310	28,727	38,876	13,385	30,029	39,333
Non-Aboriginal identity	26,250,945	1,256,385	24,994,555	30,195	41,052	1,259,910	24,991,030	27,622	34,284	26,250,940	18,190,375	31,908	42,102	16,838,040	33,439	42,775
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 18	27,259,525	1,341,020	25,918,505	29,878	40,650	1,344,640	25,914,880	27,334	33,998	27,259,520	18,820,310	31,603	41,795	17,442,675	33,094	42,445
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 19	489,705	47,545	442,165	17,120	25,304	47,540	442,165	16,939	23,111	489,705	268,005	21,951	29,900	260,395	22,181	30,039
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	26,769,820	1,293,475	25,476,345	30,092	40,916	1,297,105	25,472,720	27,538	34,187	26,769,820	18,552,310	31,789	41,966	17,182,280	33,303	42,633
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 20	27,259,520	1,341,015	25,918,505	29,878	40,650	1,344,645	25,914,885	27,334	33,998	27,259,520	18,820,315	31,603	41,795	17,442,670	33,094	42,445
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 21	1,329,985	101,905	1,228,075	22,720	31,819	102,040	1,227,945	21,729	27,692	1,329,985	878,260	25,781	34,246	838,080	26,392	34,607
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 22	988,640	79,970	908,670	21,268	30,254	80,070	908,575	20,563	26,545	988,645	624,715	24,966	33,209	596,490	25,457	33,503
Métis ancestry	329,655	21,265	308,385	28,076	36,462	21,300	308,350	25,941	31,091	329,655	244,070	29,152	37,133	231,715	29,996	37,744
Inuit ancestry	47,815	3,545	44,270	21,850	32,692	3,545	44,270	21,130	28,428	47,820	34,045	20,860	33,324	33,390	21,043	33,430
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 23	25,929,540	1,239,110	24,690,430	30,197	41,089	1,242,600	24,686,935	27,624	34,312	25,929,535	17,942,055	31,945	42,164	16,604,595	33,483	42,841
Total - Generation status^Footnote 24	27,259,525	1,341,015	25,918,505	29,878	40,650	1,344,645	25,914,885	27,334	33,998	27,259,525	18,820,310	31,603	41,795	17,442,675	33,094	42,445
First generation^Footnote 25	6,777,370	341,380	6,435,990	26,145	37,848	342,120	6,435,250	24,701	32,100	6,777,370	4,302,485	30,250	41,243	3,919,960	32,376	42,348
Second generation^Footnote 26	4,207,485	261,415	3,946,070	32,252	44,540	261,905	3,945,580	29,450	36,921	4,207,485	2,901,140	33,376	44,817	2,673,980	35,053	45,473
Third generation or more^Footnote 27	16,274,670	738,220	15,536,450	30,821	40,822	740,615	15,534,055	27,983	34,042	16,274,670	11,616,690	31,721	41,244	10,848,730	32,940	41,734
Total - Population by visible minority^Footnote 28	27,259,525	1,341,020	25,918,505	29,878	40,650	1,344,640	25,914,880	27,334	33,998	27,259,525	18,820,315	31,603	41,795	17,442,670	33,094	42,445
Total visible minority population^Footnote 29	4,917,190	402,225	4,514,965	22,951	33,322	402,575	4,514,610	21,979	28,685	4,917,190	3,253,975	27,935	37,150	3,041,060	29,299	37,748
South Asian^Footnote 30	1,204,905	98,440	1,106,465	23,340	34,642	98,695	1,106,210	22,361	29,741	1,204,900	805,285	27,994	38,278	747,400	29,619	38,978
Chinese	1,115,090	80,855	1,034,230	21,201	34,301	80,980	1,034,105	20,565	29,337	1,115,085	699,110	29,965	40,403	648,265	31,156	41,231
Black	690,710	59,080	631,630	24,281	31,899	59,060	631,655	23,074	27,810	690,710	461,390	26,917	33,935	438,865	28,074	34,477
Filipino	491,710	39,860	451,850	27,954	33,708	39,885	451,820	25,796	29,343	491,705	376,320	29,658	34,941	366,825	30,005	35,170
Latin American	313,065	26,065	287,000	22,821	30,654	26,005	287,065	21,749	26,702	313,065	216,000	26,207	33,434	202,320	27,124	33,960
Arab	281,100	26,675	254,430	19,370	31,683	26,665	254,440	18,949	27,009	281,100	166,845	25,034	37,521	151,735	26,890	37,845
Southeast Asian^Footnote 31	252,005	18,695	233,305	23,087	32,460	18,685	233,315	21,985	27,906	252,005	170,625	27,932	36,219	159,495	29,023	36,293
West Asian^Footnote 32	168,175	16,120	152,060	17,656	30,365	16,125	152,050	17,331	26,040	168,175	101,500	22,976	36,291	90,875	24,686	37,517
Korean	133,250	14,480	118,770	16,408	27,944	14,495	118,755	16,193	24,238	133,250	76,370	22,282	34,013	65,695	24,026	35,604
Japanese	69,865	4,380	65,480	29,112	42,595	4,385	65,480	27,014	35,398	69,860	45,965	31,581	45,169	42,360	33,086	46,222
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 33	82,625	6,500	76,120	25,234	33,834	6,510	76,115	23,852	29,181	82,625	55,690	30,097	37,146	52,720	31,414	37,871
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 34	114,695	11,080	103,615	24,235	34,058	11,085	103,605	22,881	29,113	114,695	78,880	28,168	37,019	74,510	29,162	37,524
Not a visible minority^Footnote 35	22,342,335	938,790	21,403,540	31,286	42,196	942,065	21,400,270	28,463	35,119	22,342,335	15,566,340	32,486	42,765	14,401,610	34,042	43,437
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 36	27,259,525	1,341,020	25,918,505	29,878	40,650	1,344,645	25,914,885	27,334	33,998	27,259,520	18,820,310	31,603	41,795	17,442,670	33,094	42,445
Non-immigrants^Footnote 37	20,543,700	1,002,995	19,540,705	31,085	41,595	1,005,870	19,537,825	28,255	34,639	20,543,700	14,566,295	32,025	41,978	13,568,125	33,335	42,489
Immigrants^Footnote 38	6,398,850	313,730	6,085,120	26,691	38,244	314,660	6,084,195	25,157	32,461	6,398,855	4,067,175	30,756	41,384	3,694,485	32,939	42,587
Before 1981	2,131,830	26,365	2,105,470	30,964	45,068	26,955	2,104,870	28,615	37,641	2,131,830	1,108,060	35,937	48,817	969,750	39,566	51,085
1981 to 1990	949,895	15,955	933,935	30,989	41,651	16,190	933,705	28,630	35,184	949,890	690,860	37,127	46,174	628,080	39,179	47,583
1991 to 2000	1,510,070	66,115	1,443,950	25,067	35,027	66,190	1,443,875	23,796	30,127	1,510,070	1,069,515	30,450	39,242	980,155	32,416	40,431
2001 to 2009	1,565,025	120,495	1,444,530	21,975	31,083	120,545	1,444,480	21,137	26,934	1,565,025	1,095,985	24,965	34,260	1,018,435	26,061	34,959
2001 to 2005	866,865	61,585	805,280	24,154	33,401	61,705	805,155	23,063	28,802	866,865	622,380	27,579	36,544	574,030	29,272	37,490
2006 to 2009	698,165	58,915	639,250	19,702	28,163	58,840	639,320	19,107	24,582	698,160	473,610	22,140	31,258	444,410	22,932	31,690
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 39	27,259,525	1,341,015	25,918,510	29,878	40,650	1,344,645	25,914,880	27,334	33,998	27,259,525	18,820,315	31,603	41,795	17,442,675	33,094	42,445
English	15,258,560	741,370	14,517,190	32,137	43,752	743,555	14,515,010	29,285	36,380	15,258,560	10,934,870	32,991	43,993	10,151,610	34,612	44,731
French	5,889,225	233,510	5,655,715	29,857	37,640	234,305	5,654,920	26,912	31,348	5,889,225	4,024,990	30,717	38,065	3,767,255	31,741	38,126
Non-official language	5,756,460	337,750	5,418,710	24,600	35,794	338,345	5,418,115	23,416	30,608	5,756,455	3,618,810	29,529	39,573	3,296,755	31,167	40,630
Aboriginal	149,970	11,320	138,645	16,299	23,893	11,305	138,660	16,220	22,417	149,970	75,105	21,382	29,781	73,965	21,623	29,941
Non-Aboriginal	5,606,490	326,430	5,280,060	24,895	36,107	327,035	5,279,450	23,643	30,824	5,606,490	3,543,700	29,751	39,780	3,222,790	31,442	40,876
English and French	42,640	2,570	40,065	24,862	34,171	2,580	40,060	23,367	29,061	42,640	27,020	25,427	34,654	25,315	26,969	35,101
English and non-official language	260,870	21,555	239,315	26,525	36,516	21,605	239,270	24,890	31,108	260,870	180,925	30,076	38,982	170,465	31,286	39,536
French and non-official language	47,630	3,860	43,770	22,656	31,483	3,860	43,770	21,677	27,082	47,630	31,230	24,914	33,599	28,960	26,604	34,148
English, French and non-official language	4,135	400	3,740	20,384	27,579	405	3,735	20,036	23,838	4,135	2,480	23,625	30,296	2,300	23,897	30,186
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 40	27,259,525	1,341,020	25,918,505	29,878	40,650	1,344,640	25,914,880	27,334	33,998	27,259,525	18,820,310	31,603	41,795	17,442,675	33,094	42,445
English	20,277,305	1,029,195	19,248,110	30,677	42,278	1,032,020	19,245,285	28,207	35,337	20,277,305	14,241,270	32,410	43,264	13,167,550	34,119	44,107
French	6,252,555	258,250	5,994,310	29,303	37,185	258,945	5,993,610	26,524	31,018	6,252,560	4,250,915	30,262	37,740	3,977,315	31,304	37,789
English and French	289,905	25,215	264,695	22,662	32,968	25,200	264,705	21,634	28,152	289,905	190,755	24,980	34,642	176,380	25,970	34,514
Neither English nor French	439,755	28,360	411,395	15,745	19,889	28,470	411,285	15,673	18,556	439,755	137,375	18,242	24,867	121,430	19,975	26,227

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Footnote 5

For population with income.

Footnote 6

For population with income.

Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 8

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 9

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

Footnote 11

For population with employment income.

Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 13

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 14

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 16

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 17

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 18

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 19

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 20

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 22

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 23

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 24

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 28

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 29

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 30

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 31

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 32

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 33

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 36

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

Footnote 37

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 38

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

Footnote 39

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 40

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.