Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (730), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8D) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8D): Total population in private households by age group
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for the population in Canada^{Footnote 1}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 26.1 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (730)	First official language spoken (4)
	Total population in private households by first official language spoken^Footnote 3	English	French	English and French
Total population in private households by age group	32,852,325	24,545,115	7,419,190	347,755
0 to 4 years	1,873,690	1,372,760	403,550	9,915
5 to 9 years	1,803,420	1,402,125	374,180	17,910
10 to 14 years	1,915,685	1,492,925	388,905	30,025
15 to 19 years	2,160,275	1,669,730	452,620	34,060
20 to 24 years	2,163,790	1,683,200	445,995	27,960
25 to 29 years	2,149,305	1,660,080	451,525	27,250
30 to 34 years	2,144,645	1,604,340	496,950	30,815
35 to 39 years	2,155,345	1,644,750	460,745	32,995
40 to 44 years	2,306,085	1,764,465	485,525	30,380
45 to 49 years	2,655,585	1,991,960	603,065	24,690
50 to 54 years	2,633,975	1,932,195	644,230	20,400
55 to 59 years	2,314,650	1,679,510	578,000	16,630
60 to 64 years	2,024,325	1,456,660	509,875	13,750
65 to 69 years	1,499,290	1,041,790	403,430	10,190
70 to 74 years	1,125,245	787,530	281,475	8,280
75 to 79 years	881,815	614,130	213,620	6,330
80 to 84 years	616,105	435,075	140,020	3,940
85 years and over	429,085	311,890	85,475	2,235
Median age^Footnote 4	40.1	39.2	42.5	34.4
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 5	27,259,525	20,277,305	6,252,560	289,910
Married or living with a common-law partner	16,005,325	11,895,105	3,650,680	164,575
Married (and not separated)	12,878,850	10,194,265	2,243,110	153,000
Living common law	3,126,475	1,700,835	1,407,570	11,575
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	11,254,200	8,382,205	2,601,875	125,330
Single (never legally married)	7,596,685	5,728,925	1,742,855	100,045
Separated	662,580	541,620	104,035	5,215
Divorced	1,647,785	1,176,050	437,920	13,180
Widowed	1,347,150	935,610	317,060	6,885
Total population in private households by mother tongue	32,852,325	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,760
Single responses	32,369,380	24,156,165	7,342,590	330,365
English	18,850,400	18,845,780	4,625	0
French	6,967,455	35,725	6,931,730	0
Non-official languages	6,551,520	5,274,660	406,235	330,365
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 6	163,135	140,305	7,980	5,825
Cree, n.o.s.	74,870	69,390	175	3,070
Dene	11,070	10,580	0	0
Innu/Montagnais	10,680	1,920	7,100	875
Inuktitut	33,315	25,940	665	1,755
Mi'kmaq	7,400	7,245	10	100
Ojibway	16,815	16,540	15	15
Oji-Cree	8,985	8,685	25	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 7	5,515,100	4,422,360	327,705	280,375
Arabic	323,120	174,920	86,165	44,080
Bengali	58,895	50,930	770	4,375
Cantonese	381,570	291,095	2,020	5,820
Chinese, n.o.s.	405,940	311,950	7,890	13,555
Creoles	71,070	7,990	51,665	9,675
Dutch	110,245	107,285	1,105	1,535
German	366,960	349,500	4,495	4,895
Greek	111,405	94,610	1,800	8,940
Gujarati	91,315	80,750	620	2,240
Hindi	93,190	87,980	145	1,505
Hungarian	63,220	56,715	1,260	2,145
Italian	403,425	325,465	31,690	21,585
Korean	137,215	119,165	505	2,960
Mandarin	252,295	200,465	1,905	5,790
Panjabi (Punjabi)	433,280	359,965	645	7,475
Persian (Farsi)	169,545	140,675	4,450	11,695
Polish	187,455	169,075	3,755	7,520
Portuguese	207,980	159,070	17,635	10,765
Romanian	84,100	47,290	12,240	20,610
Russian	162,340	129,070	7,665	13,685
Serbian	53,620	46,635	1,080	3,325
Spanish	399,810	255,340	72,240	47,070
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	371,500	364,370	485	2,835
Tamil	146,710	126,845	1,285	7,165
Ukrainian	108,595	103,015	960	2,290
Urdu	165,380	152,365	670	4,040
Vietnamese	154,910	109,820	12,565	12,790
Other languages^Footnote 8	873,285	711,995	70,550	44,165
Multiple responses	482,945	388,955	76,600	17,390
English and French	57,820	28,900	14,200	14,715
English and non-official language	353,530	353,005	525	0
French and non-official language	65,320	4,320	60,995	0
English, French and non-official language	6,280	2,720	880	2,680
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 9	32,852,325	24,545,115	7,419,185	347,760
English only	22,415,255	22,415,260	0	0
French only	4,108,885	0	4,108,885	0
English and French	5,772,255	2,116,790	3,307,885	347,580
Neither English nor French	555,925	13,070	2,420	180
Total population in private households by language spoken most often at home	32,852,325	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,755
Single responses	31,969,440	23,817,930	7,288,950	322,315
English	21,468,335	21,068,220	400,115	0
French	6,790,375	81,080	6,709,300	0
Non-official languages	3,710,725	2,668,635	179,540	322,315
Selected Aboriginal languages^Footnote 10	99,050	77,400	6,820	5,805
Cree, n.o.s.	40,100	34,645	130	3,085
Dene	7,370	6,880	0	10
Innu/Montagnais	9,435	1,730	6,075	845
Inuktitut	26,775	19,475	595	1,755
Mi'kmaq	3,825	3,680	10	90
Ojibway	5,720	5,450	10	20
Oji-Cree	5,830	5,540	0	0
Selected non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 11	3,208,655	2,299,085	146,760	274,915
Arabic	183,880	91,050	31,860	42,995
Bengali	42,875	35,145	535	4,375
Cantonese	297,560	202,330	900	6,130
Chinese, n.o.s.	286,890	199,405	5,535	13,205
Creoles	30,695	2,405	17,190	9,345
Dutch	10,975	9,190	55	1,410
German	93,835	80,740	540	4,325
Greek	49,395	34,155	480	8,755
Gujarati	57,450	47,485	180	2,170
Hindi	50,770	45,510	45	1,570
Hungarian	20,905	15,720	250	1,905
Italian	136,600	76,620	15,275	20,100
Korean	105,450	87,805	175	2,900
Mandarin	208,735	156,015	1,320	5,960
Panjabi (Punjabi)	327,955	255,535	365	7,210
Persian (Farsi)	121,490	94,290	2,515	11,635
Polish	86,195	71,055	820	7,280
Portuguese	95,565	58,105	6,680	10,305
Romanian	51,660	20,560	6,660	20,485
Russian	112,150	81,065	4,875	13,970
Serbian	34,380	27,815	605	3,345
Spanish	248,500	135,595	40,605	46,980
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	194,690	187,850	135	2,770
Tamil	112,455	93,160	900	7,005
Ukrainian	24,650	20,030	395	2,100
Urdu	111,205	98,070	365	4,075
Vietnamese	111,750	72,385	7,490	12,610
Other languages^Footnote 12	403,020	292,155	25,960	41,590
Multiple responses	882,890	727,185	130,235	25,445
English and French	60,520	12,420	30,065	18,030
English and non-official language	714,590	710,645	3,950	0
French and non-official language	96,315	2,215	94,100	0
English, French and non-official language	11,460	1,900	2,130	7,410
Total population in private households by other language spoken regularly at home	32,852,325	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,755
None	28,220,395	21,177,930	6,392,610	152,520
English	1,979,260	1,332,440	536,910	89,865
French	674,305	330,980	276,785	63,765
Non-official language	1,851,570	1,641,220	183,060	7,875
Aboriginal	78,215	75,440	2,695	55
Non-Aboriginal	1,773,355	1,565,785	180,365	7,825
English and French	36,505	2,505	2,715	31,005
English and non-official language	45,580	21,155	22,850	1,245
French and non-official language	43,445	38,725	4,200	460
English, French and non-official language	1,260	160	60	1,035
Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken^Footnote 13	8,165,495	6,476,875	813,725	334,630
Aboriginal languages	245,120	212,600	16,170	6,330
Algonquin	2,395	950	1,280	140
Atikamekw	6,205	260	5,140	170
Blackfoot	4,395	4,390	0	0
Cree languages^Footnote 14	96,690	90,660	635	3,140
Mi'kmaq	8,935	8,700	75	115
Innu/Montagnais	11,450	2,105	7,645	910
Ojibway	25,160	24,815	70	25
Oji-Cree	10,180	9,875	25	0
Carrier	2,010	2,005	0	0
Dene	12,950	12,455	0	15
Tlicho (Dogrib)	2,390	2,290	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	1,815	1,740	25	10
Stoney	3,495	3,475	0	20
Inuktitut	36,950	29,395	850	1,750
Other Aboriginal languages^Footnote 15	23,455	22,485	605	190
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,922,260	6,265,900	797,750	328,335
Italian	595,600	471,500	71,985	27,150
Portuguese	266,955	205,535	28,690	12,125
Romanian	97,175	56,480	14,825	21,740
Spanish	873,390	505,345	283,370	58,385
Dutch	135,085	129,400	3,330	1,740
Flemish	5,620	4,630	830	150
German	525,485	477,820	29,350	9,550
Yiddish	23,750	19,635	250	2,035
Danish	18,165	17,860	175	100
Norwegian	8,895	8,480	285	120
Swedish	14,005	12,965	745	280
Afrikaans	21,870	21,520	150	150
Gaelic languages	7,195	7,060	90	35
Bosnian	14,280	11,815	1,025	685
Bulgarian	20,145	13,035	2,480	3,815
Croatian	63,440	59,085	1,065	1,745
Czech	26,640	24,860	710	640
Macedonian	22,135	20,665	185	510
Polish	217,735	196,585	5,625	8,100
Russian	230,755	182,600	14,720	19,115
Serbian	65,330	57,435	1,520	3,525
Serbo-Croatian	11,640	9,075	1,225	940
Slovak	19,030	18,025	340	310
Slovenian	12,285	11,995	95	150
Ukrainian	144,260	135,630	1,890	3,480
Latvian	6,960	6,585	0	280
Lithuanian	8,360	7,735	255	235
Greek	150,615	129,375	5,565	9,545
Armenian	36,235	20,975	3,935	9,535
Albanian	25,675	21,040	1,695	1,240
Estonian	6,780	6,550	30	165
Finnish	18,325	17,665	290	125
Hungarian	73,700	66,005	1,875	2,640
Turkish	44,075	32,880	4,515	3,800
Berber languages (Kabyle)	7,430	120	6,510	645
Oromo	14,195	4,405	8,305	1,050
Somali	37,115	31,335	2,030	1,810
Amharic	24,290	22,675	310	565
Arabic	470,965	249,575	150,835	50,335
Hebrew	70,695	61,360	5,525	2,985
Maltese	7,550	7,460	0	40
Tigrigna	11,280	10,495	70	135
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	19,980	17,215	35	280
Bengali	69,495	61,075	1,180	4,415
Gujarati	118,950	107,530	1,085	2,355
Hindi	335,415	315,855	1,385	5,770
Konkani	5,780	5,740	0	0
Marathi	9,695	9,420	0	155
Panjabi (Punjabi)	545,725	469,875	850	8,460
Sindhi	15,525	14,615	140	235
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	23,965	23,255	30	325
Urdu	240,740	223,670	1,305	5,410
Nepali	11,450	9,240	130	505
Kurdish	11,810	9,815	380	545
Pashto	16,510	13,930	320	675
Persian (Farsi)	196,105	163,865	5,835	12,770
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,610	7,465	345	280
Kannada	5,210	5,025	0	135
Malayalam	22,125	21,335	0	180
Tamil	179,465	158,605	2,030	7,350
Telugu	12,645	12,245	60	135
Japanese	74,695	67,255	3,485	1,200
Korean	149,035	130,545	805	2,985
Cantonese	472,515	371,620	3,185	6,775
Fukien	6,610	5,585	15	0
Hakka	5,350	4,435	180	130
Mandarin	378,610	304,225	4,760	7,950
Taiwanese	15,375	12,595	65	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	419,060	325,335	10,875	13,990
Lao	17,800	10,965	4,245	1,390
Thai	13,545	11,615	910	475
Khmer (Cambodian)	26,580	13,390	8,050	2,125
Vietnamese	192,070	136,450	17,625	13,725
Bisayan languages	19,695	19,355	75	110
Ilocano	21,875	21,345	0	185
Malay	20,715	19,915	355	190
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino)	491,070	482,680	945	3,195
Akan (Twi)	19,140	18,480	185	360
Lingala	12,185	760	10,675	680
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,855	710	4,270	715
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)	5,520	1,410	3,350	680
Swahili	31,690	22,020	7,605	1,360
Bantu languages, n.i.e.	13,470	8,355	4,655	370
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	29,240	18,330	9,885	665
African languages, n.i.e.	14,140	11,515	2,065	335
Creoles	128,560	19,290	97,470	9,995
Other non-Aboriginal languages^Footnote 16	133,195	101,020	20,395	3,585
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 17	32,485,215	24,285,030	7,339,700	345,645
Non-movers	28,443,525	21,223,780	6,489,940	296,370
Movers	4,041,690	3,061,250	849,760	49,275
Non-migrants	2,380,370	1,820,375	492,180	28,915
Migrants	1,661,320	1,240,875	357,585	20,360
Internal migrants	1,359,105	1,018,285	318,520	10,990
Intraprovincial migrants	1,116,780	804,115	294,975	8,480
Interprovincial migrants	242,320	214,165	23,545	2,510
External migrants	302,215	222,590	39,065	9,370
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 18	30,978,635	23,172,355	7,015,640	337,840
Non-movers	19,010,730	14,136,305	4,444,035	175,035
Movers	11,967,905	9,036,060	2,571,605	162,810
Non-migrants	6,467,760	4,904,930	1,400,240	78,075
Migrants	5,500,140	4,131,125	1,171,370	84,735
Internal migrants	4,297,735	3,218,555	1,017,030	35,045
Intraprovincial migrants	3,442,070	2,457,520	936,140	25,945
Interprovincial migrants	855,670	761,040	80,890	9,105
External migrants	1,202,405	912,570	154,335	49,695
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 19	32,852,320	24,545,115	7,419,190	347,755
Canadian citizens	30,895,305	23,049,365	7,204,975	276,895
Canadian citizens only	29,962,645	22,335,875	7,070,625	223,065
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	932,665	713,490	134,350	53,830
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 20	1,957,015	1,495,755	214,215	70,865
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 21	32,852,320	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,760
Non-immigrants^Footnote 22	25,720,175	18,732,330	6,805,835	92,030
Born in province of residence	21,853,875	15,281,535	6,402,580	83,915
Born outside province of residence	3,866,305	3,450,795	403,245	8,115
Immigrants^Footnote 23	6,775,770	5,525,655	572,255	246,425
Americas	1,060,230	849,170	145,700	45,405
United States	263,475	248,895	12,430	1,700
Jamaica	126,030	125,895	80	0
Guyana	87,945	87,820	85	0
Haiti	80,095	3,525	69,555	5,680
Mexico	69,695	52,675	7,925	6,075
Trinidad and Tobago	67,210	67,090	100	0
Colombia	60,555	35,605	13,600	7,450
El Salvador	43,655	31,475	5,545	3,950
Peru	26,715	14,510	7,225	3,645
Chile	25,195	16,225	5,920	2,165
Other places of birth in Americas	209,665	165,450	23,240	14,710
Europe	2,127,785	1,796,200	176,285	79,155
United Kingdom^Footnote 24	537,040	535,630	945	380
Italy	256,825	192,855	24,605	15,495
Germany	152,345	145,190	4,205	2,470
Poland	152,290	138,730	3,005	4,555
Portugal	138,520	103,890	11,035	4,900
Netherlands	98,510	96,735	680	1,005
France	90,440	7,585	82,055	715
Romania	82,595	51,440	10,420	18,425
Russian Federation	73,025	59,250	3,775	5,350
Greece	66,475	55,880	1,035	3,980
Ukraine	65,450	56,010	2,140	3,675
Croatia	40,015	37,205	650	890
Hungary	38,985	35,590	780	875
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35,885	29,820	2,275	2,040
Serbia	32,600	29,535	520	1,525
Ireland, Republic of	28,035	27,960	40	15
Other places of birth in Europe	238,740	192,905	28,100	12,865
Africa	492,025	281,215	172,485	31,580
Morocco	56,280	3,975	43,590	8,015
Algeria	51,085	1,460	44,055	5,195
Egypt	49,930	33,055	10,575	5,365
South Africa, Republic of	40,550	40,280	155	90
Nigeria	27,625	27,270	190	100
Ethiopia	24,540	22,980	460	515
Kenya	24,510	23,620	250	280
Other places of birth in Africa	217,505	128,575	73,220	12,010
Asia	3,041,105	2,546,020	77,400	90,120
India	547,890	479,360	875	5,490
China^Footnote 25	545,535	377,320	10,885	12,485
Philippines	454,340	447,205	910	2,805
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	205,425	186,475	365	2,425
Viet Nam^Footnote 26	165,125	115,840	12,220	9,730
Pakistan	156,865	146,610	690	3,275
Sri Lanka	132,130	118,640	640	3,615
Iran^Footnote 27	120,685	104,675	2,035	7,370
Korea, South^Footnote 28	112,400	98,270	1,060	2,285
Lebanon	81,110	40,785	22,260	15,010
Taiwan	66,450	57,225	740	1,110
Iraq	49,520	42,005	745	1,405
Bangladesh	45,320	40,640	515	2,615
Afghanistan	40,940	31,880	1,720	2,775
Japan	25,805	23,770	490	435
Turkey	25,275	18,395	2,690	2,445
Other places of birth in Asia	266,285	216,910	18,570	14,855
Oceania and other^Footnote 29	54,620	53,050	385	170
Fiji	24,290	23,215	25	80
Other places of birth^Footnote 30	30,330	29,835	360	90
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 31	356,385	287,135	41,100	9,305
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth^Footnote 32	1,162,915	856,500	149,860	53,995
Americas	188,730	128,945	36,545	14,825
United States	45,015	42,075	2,000	560
Mexico	22,310	14,015	4,015	2,705
Cuba	5,555	3,480	1,130	525
Haiti	19,305	1,670	15,295	1,855
Jamaica	9,805	9,790	0	0
Brazil	9,540	5,735	1,625	1,850
Colombia	27,555	14,610	6,985	3,390
Guyana	6,010	5,985	20	0
Peru	6,410	3,120	1,765	1,105
Venezuela^Footnote 33	6,180	4,250	635	1,070
Other places of birth in Americas	31,045	24,210	3,070	1,770
Europe	159,745	107,290	31,090	11,770
France	20,380	415	19,790	130
Germany	10,460	9,340	445	500
Poland	5,360	4,550	120	120
Romania	13,365	6,335	2,265	3,660
Moldova^Footnote 34	6,565	2,245	2,300	1,790
Russian Federation	17,100	12,770	1,105	1,265
Ukraine	12,385	9,070	800	1,060
United Kingdom^Footnote 35	32,965	32,765	140	25
Other places of birth in Europe	41,160	29,815	4,130	3,215
Africa	145,725	62,895	68,195	11,130
Nigeria	13,040	12,920	40	60
Ethiopia	6,590	6,100	95	85
Mauritius	4,190	725	2,445	1,010
Somalia	4,315	3,620	115	115
Algeria	21,240	450	18,590	1,865
Egypt	11,105	8,405	1,045	1,190
Morocco	20,295	805	15,815	3,230
Tunisia	4,760	130	3,380	1,145
Cameroon	5,425	1,080	4,270	75
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	5,865	880	4,340	500
South Africa, Republic of	5,660	5,575	40	25
Other places of birth in Africa	43,230	22,195	18,020	1,830
Asia	661,570	550,475	13,950	16,240
Philippines	152,270	149,670	305	1,110
China^Footnote 36	122,090	78,975	2,955	2,880
India	121,420	104,710	200	1,220
Pakistan	35,040	31,995	220	630
Iran^Footnote 37	30,290	25,225	460	1,845
South Korea^Footnote 38	27,665	23,920	260	570
Sri Lanka	21,435	18,675	150	480
Iraq	16,915	12,515	455	450
Bangladesh	14,110	12,840	190	350
Lebanon	12,420	5,245	4,375	2,340
Viet Nam^Footnote 39	11,275	7,555	835	385
Taiwan	9,295	8,090	105	145
Afghanistan	8,425	5,980	325	670
Japan	6,385	5,720	130	170
Turkey	5,855	4,525	360	385
Israel	5,230	4,380	285	330
Nepal	5,210	4,400	75	230
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	4,805	4,100	25	45
United Arab Emirates	4,800	4,505	95	115
Saudi Arabia	4,345	3,940	140	80
Syria^Footnote 40	4,155	2,905	495	410
Other places of birth in Asia	38,140	30,595	1,535	1,410
Oceania and other^Footnote 41	7,145	6,890	80	30
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 42	32,852,320	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,755
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	25,720,175	18,732,330	6,805,830	92,030
Immigrants^Footnote 44	6,775,765	5,525,655	572,255	246,430
Before 1971	1,261,060	1,123,250	70,405	25,510
1971 to 1980	870,770	741,660	67,440	21,525
1981 to 1990	949,895	776,515	73,520	33,845
1991 to 2000	1,539,055	1,247,330	111,735	59,900
2001 to 2011^Footnote 45	2,154,985	1,636,905	249,160	105,645
2001 to 2005	992,075	780,400	99,300	51,650
2006 to 2011^Footnote 46	1,162,915	856,500	149,865	53,995
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 47	356,385	287,135	41,100	9,300
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 48	32,852,320	24,545,120	7,419,185	347,755
First generation^Footnote 49	7,217,300	5,885,470	623,930	256,485
Second generation^Footnote 50	5,702,725	5,139,210	418,035	72,790
Third generation or more^Footnote 51	19,932,300	13,520,445	6,377,225	18,485
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	32,852,325	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,760
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 52	1,400,685	1,242,260	140,790	7,300
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 53	851,560	778,215	63,465	4,880
Métis single identity	451,795	381,970	68,970	555
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	59,440	50,855	1,805	1,750
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 54	11,415	9,675	1,710	30
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 55	26,475	21,545	4,835	90
Non-Aboriginal identity	31,451,635	23,302,855	7,278,400	340,455
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 56	32,852,325	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,760
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 57	697,510	646,550	41,645	4,610
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	32,154,815	23,898,570	7,377,545	343,150
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 58	27,259,525	20,277,305	6,252,555	289,910
In the labour force	17,990,085	13,616,095	4,053,020	191,655
Employed	16,595,030	12,540,490	3,772,880	170,260
Unemployed	1,395,050	1,075,600	280,140	21,390
Not in the labour force	9,269,445	6,661,210	2,199,530	98,255
Participation rate	66.0	67.1	64.8	66.1
Employment rate	60.9	61.8	60.3	58.7
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.9	6.9	11.2
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker	17,990,080	13,616,095	4,053,025	191,655
Class of Worker - Not applicable^Footnote 59	402,465	303,415	82,255	9,400
All Classes of Worker^Footnote 60	17,587,615	13,312,680	3,970,770	182,255
Employee	15,660,620	11,819,565	3,573,090	161,740
Self-employed	1,926,990	1,493,115	397,685	20,515
Self-employed (incorporated)	715,885	554,875	148,060	7,865
Without paid help	299,975	226,430	67,830	3,705
With paid help	415,910	328,445	80,230	4,165
Self-employed (unincorporated)	1,162,490	898,560	241,975	12,135
Without paid help	843,050	644,705	184,555	8,445
With paid help	319,440	253,860	57,420	3,695
Unpaid family worker	48,620	39,680	7,650	510
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011	17,990,080	13,616,095	4,053,025	191,655
Occupation - Not applicable^Footnote 61	402,465	303,410	82,255	9,400
All occupations^Footnote 62	17,587,615	13,312,685	3,970,770	182,255
0 Management occupations	1,963,600	1,544,830	390,945	18,190
00 Senior management occupations	215,865	147,755	65,200	1,970
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	653,730	520,345	125,680	5,895
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	627,165	494,515	120,900	7,380
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	466,840	382,215	79,160	2,950
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,902,045	2,200,090	661,855	30,250
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	563,340	433,205	121,500	7,115
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	993,400	719,775	261,540	9,270
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	196,250	160,370	33,295	1,865
14 Office support occupations	785,245	612,670	160,725	8,870
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	363,810	274,070	84,800	3,125
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,237,770	948,205	264,645	21,855
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	678,930	529,800	132,830	14,630
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	558,845	418,405	131,820	7,225
3 Health occupations	1,107,200	824,935	268,500	11,215
30 Professional occupations in nursing	308,100	235,380	70,025	2,205
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	228,075	173,315	50,605	3,830
32 Technical occupations in health	308,135	225,500	78,730	2,950
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	262,885	190,735	69,145	2,235
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,064,675	1,555,755	482,380	20,500
40 Professional occupations in education services	719,000	535,840	173,320	8,595
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	458,210	354,775	98,160	4,300
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	414,880	286,565	122,115	4,925
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	161,505	122,465	38,345	535
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	311,080	256,110	50,435	2,150
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	503,410	381,795	114,950	5,280
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	186,995	141,495	42,910	1,955
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	316,415	240,300	72,040	3,325
6 Sales and service occupations	4,068,170	3,063,275	909,805	49,440
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	352,910	276,165	72,090	3,640
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	547,560	396,690	128,580	7,465
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	845,440	646,095	184,915	9,670
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	840,675	632,970	190,205	12,560
66 Sales support occupations	565,770	418,725	136,560	6,310
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	915,815	692,630	197,450	9,795
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,537,775	1,911,320	591,885	17,160
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	913,135	693,670	207,640	4,895
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	497,020	365,250	126,960	3,010
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	248,795	193,660	50,840	1,735
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	665,485	497,415	158,500	6,025
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	213,340	161,325	47,945	1,495
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	397,925	317,070	74,395	1,095
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	116,605	94,880	21,210	210
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	140,525	104,655	32,890	380
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	140,795	117,535	20,295	500
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	805,040	565,420	211,420	7,270
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	134,585	102,330	30,860	905
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	258,070	174,770	71,920	2,850
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	201,130	151,315	43,780	1,795
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	211,255	137,000	64,860	1,715
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 63	17,990,080	13,616,095	4,053,020	191,655
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 64	402,465	303,410	82,255	9,400
All industries^Footnote 65	17,587,615	13,312,685	3,970,770	182,250
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	437,650	336,095	94,675	1,290
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	261,050	229,880	30,195	710
22 Utilities	149,940	113,385	35,590	820
23 Construction	1,215,375	942,135	257,305	6,610
31-33 Manufacturing	1,619,295	1,129,565	446,885	18,115
41 Wholesale trade	733,445	569,700	148,360	8,615
44-45 Retail trade	2,031,670	1,517,860	479,060	21,990
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	827,775	644,055	170,400	9,340
51 Information and cultural industries	420,825	324,770	89,345	5,440
52 Finance and insurance	767,960	605,605	150,560	9,345
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	321,900	261,105	55,505	3,430
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,240,850	968,160	250,395	18,225
55 Management of companies and enterprises	17,455	13,805	3,325	210
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	728,330	565,370	144,920	9,970
61 Educational services	1,301,435	982,620	301,875	13,935
62 Health care and social assistance	1,949,645	1,430,145	495,655	17,970
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	363,405	285,265	74,525	2,520
72 Accommodation and food services	1,130,755	867,545	225,890	15,575
81 Other services (except public administration)	807,805	609,390	184,330	7,205
91 Public administration	1,261,045	916,240	331,965	10,935
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work status^Footnote 66	16,595,030	12,540,490	3,772,885	170,265
Usual place of work	13,517,695	10,088,825	3,201,115	143,645
Work in CSD of residence	7,981,010	6,097,980	1,741,325	87,745
Work in a different CSD in CD of residence	2,787,305	2,282,940	469,820	19,925
Work in a different CSD and CD in province of residence	2,588,225	1,609,180	930,935	33,055
Work in a different province	161,160	98,725	59,035	2,915
Worked at home	1,142,640	897,750	227,620	9,840
Worked outside Canada	66,455	54,555	8,190	1,200
No fixed workplace address	1,868,245	1,499,360	335,955	15,580
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^Footnote 67	15,385,935	11,588,185	3,537,070	159,220
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,393,145	8,525,020	2,718,045	92,965
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	867,055	707,660	137,710	7,230
Public transit	1,851,525	1,389,200	394,330	45,870
Walked	880,815	659,890	205,725	9,790
Bicycle	201,780	152,545	46,730	1,730
Other methods	191,625	153,855	34,530	1,630
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 68	19,133,310	14,493,695	4,298,375	199,955
English	14,622,905	14,015,205	479,775	84,205
French	3,831,535	148,685	3,610,070	70,640
Non-official language	251,020	146,940	8,910	7,560
Aboriginal	23,825	18,020	2,980	2,215
Non-Aboriginal	227,190	128,920	5,935	5,345
English and French	317,135	93,990	191,010	31,860
English and non-official language	94,100	84,520	685	1,720
French and non-official language	5,180	420	3,850	630
English, French and non-official language	11,440	3,945	4,075	3,345
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by other language used regularly at work^Footnote 69	19,133,305	14,493,690	4,298,375	199,955
None	16,891,300	13,584,575	3,075,330	113,560
English	1,148,980	177,400	920,220	40,515
French	645,080	347,780	269,805	26,930
Non-official language	411,740	366,195	21,175	12,675
Aboriginal	34,770	32,010	1,885	850
Non-Aboriginal	376,960	334,190	19,285	11,825
English and French	1,925	695	315	885
English and non-official language	15,125	3,190	8,890	2,805
French and non-official language	19,020	13,820	2,590	2,545
English, French and non-official language	140	40	55	40
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 70	27,259,525	20,277,305	6,252,555	289,910
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,485,395	3,761,290	1,420,045	50,075
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 71	6,968,940	5,471,355	1,347,370	55,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 72	14,805,190	11,044,665	3,485,140	184,030
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 73	2,950,685	1,865,215	1,048,370	22,270
Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)^Footnote 74	1,724,390	959,970	740,210	14,715
Registered Apprenticeship certificate^Footnote 75	1,226,295	905,245	308,155	7,560
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,970,020	3,834,325	1,071,815	39,780
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 76	1,200,130	885,310	283,650	17,090
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,684,360	4,459,810	1,081,300	104,890
Bachelor's degree	3,634,425	2,857,650	696,730	55,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	602,905	470,240	113,445	14,395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	154,700	121,350	27,865	3,920
Master's degree	1,083,840	848,955	204,200	24,590
Earned doctorate^Footnote 77	208,480	161,605	39,065	6,555
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 78	14,805,195	11,044,660	3,485,140	184,035
Education	1,109,460	810,330	283,615	8,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	548,625	407,810	131,400	6,245
Humanities	821,590	616,655	184,585	13,675
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,497,760	1,164,510	302,560	22,025
Business, management and public administration	3,187,575	2,338,325	791,465	40,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	554,680	430,115	108,990	11,260
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	601,705	459,015	126,985	12,145
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,193,970	2,355,845	774,965	40,880
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	326,230	238,320	83,595	2,565
Health and related fields^Footnote 79	2,060,605	1,595,835	433,700	19,740
Personal, protective and transportation services	900,005	626,210	262,020	6,835
Other fields of study^Footnote 80	2,990	1,695	1,270	20
Total population aged 15 years and over with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by location of study^Footnote 81	14,805,195	11,044,660	3,485,140	184,035
Inside Canada	12,404,675	9,020,895	3,278,830	93,700
Newfoundland and Labrador	237,730	236,750	855	80
Prince Edward Island	56,215	54,120	2,035	35
Nova Scotia	437,445	421,485	15,475	390
New Brunswick	303,035	207,660	94,870	480
Quebec	3,368,155	438,835	2,859,865	68,480
Ontario	4,594,305	4,325,320	244,145	18,620
Manitoba	446,230	427,440	17,840	585
Saskatchewan	407,065	399,865	6,885	170
Alberta	1,200,985	1,177,260	20,915	2,000
British Columbia	1,338,440	1,317,800	15,360	2,825
Yukon	5,535	5,345	180	20
Northwest Territories	6,265	5,950	295	15
Nunavut	3,270	3,085	115	10
Outside Canada	2,400,520	2,023,765	206,315	90,330
Total population in private households by visible minority	32,852,325	24,545,115	7,419,190	347,755
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	6,264,750	5,142,180	518,530	186,565
South Asian^Footnote 83	1,567,405	1,421,855	13,045	29,375
Chinese	1,324,750	1,070,785	25,820	26,045
Black	945,665	700,915	222,080	16,065
Filipino	619,315	609,805	1,925	3,210
Latin American	381,280	252,490	69,430	37,880
Arab	380,620	205,685	122,465	36,335
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	312,080	231,770	38,120	16,905
West Asian^Footnote 85	206,845	172,890	6,800	12,610
Korean	161,130	141,935	1,815	2,970
Japanese	87,265	82,740	1,615	710
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	106,475	97,540	6,410	1,360
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	171,935	153,780	9,005	3,105
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	26,587,575	19,402,935	6,900,660	161,190
Total population in private households by selected ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^Footnote 89	32,852,325	24,545,120	7,419,190	347,755
Total population - Single responses^Footnote 90	19,036,300	12,990,470	5,264,235	284,040
Total population - Multiple responses^Footnote 91	13,816,025	11,554,650	2,154,955	63,715
Canadian - Total responses	10,563,805	5,685,625	4,854,205	12,605
Canadian - Single responses	5,834,535	2,521,265	3,304,605	3,930
Canadian - Multiple responses	4,729,270	3,164,360	1,549,600	8,675
English- Total responses	6,509,500	6,357,265	145,790	4,690
English - Single responses	1,312,565	1,299,210	12,985	200
English - Multiple responses	5,196,935	5,058,055	132,800	4,490
French - Total responses	5,065,685	2,383,650	2,668,885	11,470
French - Single responses	1,165,460	170,445	994,055	815
French - Multiple responses	3,900,225	2,213,205	1,674,835	10,655
Scottish - Total responses	4,714,970	4,586,200	125,375	2,520
Scottish - Single responses	544,440	527,265	17,075	60
Scottish - Multiple responses	4,170,525	4,058,935	108,295	2,460
Irish - Total responses	4,544,865	4,190,715	350,130	3,330
Irish - Single responses	506,445	441,595	64,660	150
Irish - Multiple responses	4,038,420	3,749,130	285,465	3,185
German - Total responses	3,203,325	3,086,785	101,805	7,580
German - Single responses	608,525	587,345	14,875	2,510
German - Multiple responses	2,594,805	2,499,440	86,930	5,075
Italian - Total responses	1,488,425	1,264,445	169,625	28,145
Italian - Single responses	700,845	595,135	60,150	21,245
Italian - Multiple responses	787,580	669,310	109,475	6,895
Chinese - Total responses	1,487,585	1,215,465	36,225	29,625
Chinese - Single responses	1,210,950	964,885	22,920	25,565
Chinese - Multiple responses	276,635	250,580	13,310	4,065
First Nations (North American Indian) - Total responses	1,369,115	1,099,625	258,400	5,735
First Nations (North American Indian) - Single responses	517,545	452,955	55,895	3,930
First Nations (North American Indian) - Multiple responses	851,570	646,670	202,505	1,800
Ukrainian - Total responses	1,251,170	1,223,560	14,870	7,070
Ukrainian - Single responses	276,055	267,670	2,960	2,730
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	975,115	955,890	11,905	4,335
East Indian - Total responses	1,165,145	1,064,175	12,610	15,215
East Indian - Single responses	919,155	834,505	5,625	12,200
East Indian - Multiple responses	245,985	229,670	6,985	3,010
Dutch - Total responses	1,067,245	1,048,400	15,630	2,160
Dutch - Single responses	297,890	294,180	2,445	900
Dutch - Multiple responses	769,355	754,215	13,185	1,255
Polish- Total responses	1,010,700	962,490	29,705	10,225
Polish - Single responses	255,135	234,700	7,000	6,790
Polish - Multiple responses	755,570	727,785	22,710	3,435
Filipino - Total responses	662,605	652,150	2,350	3,535
Filipino - Single responses	506,545	498,620	1,000	2,790
Filipino - Multiple responses	156,060	153,525	1,345	740
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Total responses^Footnote 92	576,030	566,120	9,180	520
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Single responses^Footnote 93	128,090	127,250	820	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^Footnote 94	447,945	438,870	8,360	510
Russian- Total responses	550,520	514,770	13,935	12,065
Russian - Single responses	107,300	92,550	4,450	5,515
Russian - Multiple responses	443,220	422,225	9,485	6,545
Welsh - Total responses	458,705	455,935	2,600	115
Welsh - Single responses	28,785	28,630	155	0
Welsh - Multiple responses	429,920	427,300	2,450	115
Norwegian - Total responses	452,710	447,835	4,565	235
Norwegian - Single responses	44,075	43,305	720	50
Norwegian - Multiple responses	408,630	404,535	3,850	185
Métis - Total responses	447,655	381,730	65,365	450
Métis - Single responses	68,210	56,150	11,945	100
Métis - Multiple responses	379,445	325,585	53,420	350
Portuguese - Total responses	429,850	362,315	37,540	9,650
Portuguese - Single responses	250,320	203,560	20,235	7,335
Portuguese - Multiple responses	179,530	158,755	17,300	2,315
American - Total responses	372,575	336,545	34,865	800
American - Single responses	32,935	29,110	3,720	35
American - Multiple responses	339,635	307,435	31,145	770
Spanish - Total responses	368,305	289,125	56,915	16,110
Spanish - Single responses	66,575	46,875	12,385	4,860
Spanish - Multiple responses	301,730	242,250	44,530	11,250
Swedish - Total responses	341,845	338,380	3,100	275
Swedish - Single responses	26,075	25,780	225	55
Swedish - Multiple responses	315,770	312,595	2,875	215
Hungarian - Total responses	316,765	301,295	8,260	3,850
Hungarian - Single responses	80,545	74,920	1,820	1,685
Hungarian - Multiple responses	236,220	226,375	6,440	2,160
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 95	27,259,525	20,277,305	6,252,555	289,905
Without income	1,341,020	1,029,200	258,245	25,215
With income	25,918,505	19,248,110	5,994,310	264,690
Under $5,000^Footnote 96	2,574,075	2,021,475	452,165	38,550
$5,000 to $9,999	1,917,960	1,393,340	457,395	26,825
$10,000 to $14,999	2,393,835	1,679,710	603,985	29,080
$15,000 to $19,999	2,441,875	1,690,500	631,845	25,970
$20,000 to $29,999	3,670,020	2,653,645	909,540	39,450
$30,000 to $39,999	3,180,360	2,271,305	847,995	31,285
$40,000 to $49,999	2,603,520	1,913,995	652,550	22,030
$50,000 to $59,999	1,921,650	1,443,235	455,535	14,720
$60,000 to $79,999	2,437,440	1,882,605	529,800	17,505
$80,000 to $99,999	1,302,045	1,065,615	224,610	8,755
$100,000 and over	1,475,720	1,232,675	228,890	10,535
$100,000 to $124,999	693,580	573,935	113,070	4,905
$125,000 and over	782,135	658,735	115,820	5,635
Median income $^Footnote 97	29,878	30,677	29,303	22,662
Average income $^Footnote 98	40,650	42,278	37,185	32,968
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 99	27,259,525	20,277,305	6,252,560	289,910
Without after-tax income	1,344,640	1,032,020	258,945	25,200
With after-tax income	25,914,880	19,245,285	5,993,605	264,710
Under $5,000^Footnote 100	2,628,615	2,060,225	467,115	38,925
$5,000 to $9,999	1,960,360	1,422,050	470,640	26,945
$10,000 to $14,999	2,453,170	1,726,480	615,065	29,705
$15,000 to $19,999	2,654,470	1,833,330	697,500	28,475
$20,000 to $29,999	4,341,540	3,089,215	1,134,795	46,030
$30,000 to $39,999	3,790,600	2,722,045	1,003,900	34,890
$40,000 to $49,999	2,816,630	2,107,195	672,215	23,040
$50,000 to $59,999	1,849,630	1,425,560	404,090	13,350
$60,000 to $79,999	2,028,075	1,668,965	339,880	13,830
$80,000 to $99,999	709,190	603,975	98,655	4,725
$100,000 and over	682,600	586,255	89,755	4,790
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 101	27,334	28,207	26,524	21,634
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 102	33,998	35,337	31,018	28,152
Total population aged 15 years and over by employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 103	27,259,525	20,277,305	6,252,555	289,905
With employment income	18,820,310	14,241,265	4,250,915	190,760
Median employment income $^Footnote 104	31,603	32,410	30,262	24,980
Average employment income $^Footnote 105	41,795	43,264	37,740	34,642
With wages and salaries	17,442,670	13,167,545	3,977,310	176,380
Median wages and salaries $^Footnote 106	33,094	34,119	31,304	25,970
Average wages and salaries $^Footnote 107	42,445	44,107	37,789	34,514
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010	17,990,080	13,616,095	4,053,025	191,655
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 108	9,602,420	7,327,085	2,131,935	90,930
All others^Footnote 109	8,387,665	6,289,010	1,921,090	100,725

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 3

Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Footnote 4

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Footnote 5

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 6

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 7

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 8

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 10

Selected Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal languages spoken most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 11

Selected non-Aboriginal languages
The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal most often spoken at home (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 National Household Survey.

Footnote 12

Other languages
This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the National Household Survey that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 13

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the NHS. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

Footnote 14

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 16

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

Footnote 17

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 18

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 19

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 20

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 21

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 22

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 23

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 24

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 25

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 26

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 27

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 28

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 29

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 30

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 31

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 32

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 33

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 34

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 35

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 36

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 37

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 38

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 39

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 40

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 41

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 42

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 43

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 44

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 46

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 47

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 48

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 49

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 50

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 51

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 52

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 53

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 54

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 55

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 56

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 57

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 58

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 59

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 60

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 61

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 62

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 63

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 64

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 65

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 66

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 67

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

Footnote 68

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 69

Refers to the other language used regularly at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 70

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 71

'High school diploma or equivalent' refers to graduation from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 72

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas', 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 73

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 74

'Trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship)' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 75

'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation.

Footnote 76

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the National Household Survey (NHS). This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 77

'Earned doctorate.' This category refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 78

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 79

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 80

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 81

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution from which the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas, college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

The category 'Total population in private households by selected ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' indicates the number of respondents who reported a specific ethnic origin, either as their only ethnic origin or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The sum of all total responses for all ethnic origins is greater than the total population estimate due to the reporting of multiple origins.

Footnote 90

A single ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only.

Footnote 91

A multiple ethnic origin response occurs when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 95

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 96

Including loss.

Footnote 97

For population with income.

Footnote 98

For population with income.

Footnote 99

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 100

Including loss.

Footnote 101

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 102

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 103

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Footnote 104

For population with employment income.

Footnote 105

For population with employment income.

Footnote 106

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 107

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 108

Worked 49 to 52 weeks mostly full time (30 hours or more per week).

Footnote 109

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, persons who worked in 2011 only and persons who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or in 48 weeks or less in 2010.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011044.