Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

• Age groups (8C): Total - Age groups
• Sex (3): Total - Sex
• Work activity in 2010 (3): Total - Work activity in 2010
• Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6): Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree

This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Quebec / Québec^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 22.4 %

Selected sociocultural characteristics (60)	Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
	Total - Income statistics in 2010^Footnote 4	Without income	With income	Median income^Footnote 5	Average income^Footnote 6	Without after-tax income	With after-tax income	Median after-tax income^Footnote 7	Average after-tax income^Footnote 8	Total - Employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 9	With employment income	Median employment income^Footnote 10	Average employment income^Footnote 11	With wages and salaries	Median wages and salaries^Footnote 12	Average wages and salaries^Footnote 13
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	6,474,590	291,190	6,183,395	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,130	25,595	30,268	6,474,590	4,357,820	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 14	108,350	7,075	101,275	22,239	29,526	7,070	101,280	21,382	26,050	108,350	70,400	23,694	30,570	67,550	24,291	30,804
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 15	61,780	4,420	57,355	21,410	28,335	4,425	57,350	20,728	25,679	61,775	39,100	23,354	29,854	37,735	23,858	30,037
Métis single identity	33,365	1,960	31,405	24,218	31,474	1,960	31,400	22,727	26,811	33,365	22,015	25,717	32,422	20,760	26,831	32,820
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	8,130	470	7,655	20,187	28,715	470	7,660	19,428	24,756	8,125	6,035	17,832	27,371	5,985	17,836	27,406
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 16	1,225	35	1,190	24,504	28,915	40	1,190	22,682	25,348	1,230	815	21,323	29,494	790	24,114	30,008
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 17	3,855	185	3,670	26,110	33,371	180	3,675	23,968	28,267	3,855	2,440	27,151	33,604	2,275	28,857	34,355
Non-Aboriginal identity	6,366,240	284,125	6,082,120	28,199	36,466	284,385	6,081,850	25,665	30,338	6,366,240	4,287,420	29,444	37,095	4,002,605	30,332	37,007
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 18	6,474,590	291,195	6,183,400	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,130	25,595	30,268	6,474,595	4,357,820	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 19	45,735	3,660	42,080	19,999	27,538	3,645	42,090	19,618	25,401	45,740	28,360	21,732	29,126	27,645	22,015	29,202
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	6,428,850	287,530	6,141,320	28,158	36,413	287,810	6,141,040	25,633	30,301	6,428,850	4,329,465	29,395	37,041	4,042,515	30,279	36,956
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 20	6,474,590	291,195	6,183,395	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,130	25,595	30,268	6,474,590	4,357,820	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 21	234,785	13,275	221,515	24,814	31,659	13,285	221,495	23,179	27,271	234,785	163,530	25,543	32,188	155,125	26,357	32,334
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 22	200,390	11,360	189,030	24,731	31,536	11,385	189,005	23,127	27,230	200,385	139,055	25,676	32,189	131,635	26,523	32,327
Métis ancestry	28,100	1,540	26,565	26,466	32,984	1,530	26,570	24,387	27,991	28,100	19,570	26,486	33,276	18,555	27,708	33,603
Inuit ancestry	9,945	580	9,365	21,217	29,355	580	9,365	20,502	25,348	9,945	7,360	19,890	28,339	7,275	19,929	28,337
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 23	6,239,805	277,920	5,961,885	28,222	36,527	278,170	5,961,635	25,682	30,379	6,239,805	4,194,285	29,504	37,177	3,915,035	30,399	37,085
Total - Generation status^Footnote 24	6,474,590	291,195	6,183,400	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,130	25,595	30,268	6,474,590	4,357,820	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
First generation^Footnote 25	971,980	52,845	919,145	22,341	32,468	52,490	919,495	21,347	27,445	971,985	593,850	25,061	35,032	544,875	26,224	34,928
Second generation^Footnote 26	440,270	36,815	403,455	27,189	38,493	36,860	403,410	24,858	31,374	440,270	305,835	27,899	38,395	286,820	28,601	37,798
Third generation or more^Footnote 27	5,062,335	201,540	4,860,795	29,378	36,909	202,110	4,860,225	26,497	30,710	5,062,340	3,458,140	30,075	37,201	3,238,460	31,107	37,157
Total - Population by visible minority^Footnote 28	6,474,590	291,195	6,183,400	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,130	25,595	30,268	6,474,590	4,357,820	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
Total visible minority population^Footnote 29	645,945	55,080	590,865	19,551	27,544	54,825	591,120	18,921	23,879	645,950	408,160	21,773	29,909	382,205	22,426	29,679
South Asian^Footnote 30	63,270	5,620	57,655	18,142	27,637	5,560	57,715	17,731	23,848	63,275	37,225	20,087	29,796	34,910	20,458	29,350
Chinese	64,985	5,645	59,340	17,623	27,949	5,610	59,380	17,190	23,889	64,990	39,695	20,698	31,536	36,250	21,591	31,980
Black	178,730	14,965	163,770	20,957	27,010	14,950	163,780	20,247	23,812	178,735	117,860	22,087	27,949	112,545	22,805	28,094
Filipino	25,440	2,010	23,430	21,755	26,460	2,000	23,440	20,618	23,400	25,440	18,460	20,994	25,941	17,850	21,021	25,983
Latin American	93,820	8,045	85,775	19,079	24,904	7,965	85,850	18,593	21,985	93,820	60,665	21,317	26,797	57,695	21,724	26,769
Arab	121,400	10,820	110,580	18,662	28,320	10,800	110,605	18,348	24,327	121,405	72,815	22,830	32,599	66,330	24,343	32,546
Southeast Asian^Footnote 31	53,155	3,720	49,435	21,395	32,423	3,700	49,450	20,370	27,209	53,155	34,215	24,979	36,266	31,720	25,060	34,026
West Asian^Footnote 32	18,925	1,875	17,050	14,816	24,245	1,870	17,060	14,695	20,967	18,925	10,550	18,003	28,888	9,495	18,316	28,228
Korean	5,085	455	4,630	16,812	28,254	450	4,630	16,686	23,711	5,085	2,890	21,492	33,352	2,555	21,500	30,628
Japanese	2,995	215	2,785	20,132	35,784	205	2,790	19,493	28,737	2,990	1,890	24,344	37,487	1,715	25,150	38,223
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 33	6,660	610	6,050	21,961	27,721	610	6,050	20,484	24,014	6,660	4,440	23,484	30,040	4,160	24,235	30,176
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 34	11,475	1,100	10,370	20,985	28,664	1,105	10,365	20,213	24,653	11,475	7,450	22,991	30,594	6,995	23,434	30,692
Not a visible minority^Footnote 35	5,828,645	236,110	5,592,535	29,153	37,283	236,630	5,592,015	26,357	30,943	5,828,645	3,949,665	30,076	37,721	3,687,955	31,147	37,652
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 36	6,474,590	291,195	6,183,395	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,130	25,595	30,268	6,474,590	4,357,820	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
Non-immigrants^Footnote 37	5,511,745	239,110	5,272,635	29,231	37,034	239,725	5,272,020	26,389	30,763	5,511,745	3,770,940	30,003	37,304	3,531,860	30,916	37,211
Immigrants^Footnote 38	902,990	47,920	855,065	22,998	33,105	47,765	855,220	21,926	27,995	902,990	553,205	25,566	35,363	505,850	26,957	35,311
Before 1981	267,470	3,465	264,000	25,994	40,211	3,525	263,945	24,218	32,943	267,465	126,020	32,011	45,754	110,955	34,016	45,528
1981 to 1990	130,680	2,160	128,515	25,888	35,976	2,165	128,510	24,198	30,483	130,680	91,005	30,029	38,777	82,475	31,235	38,938
1991 to 2000	191,050	9,025	182,025	22,774	31,225	8,980	182,075	21,740	26,776	191,045	133,575	25,276	33,664	122,320	26,872	34,120
2001 to 2009	265,635	17,245	248,395	20,898	27,572	17,115	248,525	20,187	24,053	265,640	183,510	21,972	29,218	171,815	22,747	29,335
2001 to 2005	134,755	8,045	126,705	24,413	30,857	8,025	126,730	23,420	26,633	134,750	97,885	25,456	32,099	90,630	26,813	32,512
2006 to 2009	130,885	9,200	121,685	18,122	24,150	9,090	121,800	17,748	21,370	130,880	85,625	19,085	25,925	81,180	19,508	25,787
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 39	6,474,590	291,190	6,183,395	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,130	25,595	30,268	6,474,590	4,357,820	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
English	481,405	26,515	454,890	27,213	40,149	26,525	454,880	24,888	32,592	481,405	319,100	28,100	40,416	294,320	29,316	40,031
French	5,078,510	206,435	4,872,075	29,432	36,873	206,985	4,871,525	26,535	30,677	5,078,510	3,474,900	30,099	37,173	3,253,590	31,120	37,106
Non-official language	841,640	52,280	789,365	21,678	31,454	51,985	789,655	20,826	26,776	841,645	516,485	24,884	34,119	477,795	25,829	34,072
Aboriginal	28,855	2,405	26,450	18,412	25,862	2,405	26,450	18,270	24,593	28,860	18,505	19,407	26,679	18,420	19,408	26,684
Non-Aboriginal	812,790	49,875	762,910	21,780	31,648	49,585	763,205	20,895	26,851	812,785	497,980	25,014	34,395	459,370	26,064	34,369
English and French	17,195	1,290	15,910	22,416	31,496	1,290	15,910	21,349	26,407	17,200	10,335	23,724	32,593	9,665	25,303	32,485
English and non-official language	19,440	1,465	17,975	23,012	33,330	1,465	17,975	21,859	27,960	19,445	13,380	23,587	34,018	12,745	23,971	33,984
French and non-official language	34,365	2,975	31,390	20,938	28,565	2,975	31,390	20,276	24,732	34,365	22,395	22,396	30,292	20,885	23,447	30,493
English, French and non-official language	2,030	230	1,795	20,050	24,721	240	1,790	19,095	21,609	2,030	1,220	20,315	25,678	1,155	21,952	26,275
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 40	6,474,590	291,190	6,183,400	28,099	36,352	291,460	6,183,135	25,595	30,268	6,474,590	4,357,825	29,342	36,990	4,070,160	30,217	36,904
English	787,425	43,445	743,980	25,718	38,397	43,275	744,145	23,889	31,432	787,425	515,980	27,695	39,619	476,260	28,912	39,433
French	5,443,045	229,910	5,213,135	28,841	36,400	230,380	5,212,665	26,137	30,341	5,443,045	3,700,140	29,837	36,846	3,462,520	30,704	36,783
English and French	200,855	15,300	185,560	22,211	30,971	15,275	185,585	21,188	26,581	200,860	132,075	23,845	31,932	122,575	24,808	31,632
Neither English nor French	43,260	2,540	40,720	14,633	17,459	2,525	40,735	14,614	16,431	43,260	9,625	15,302	20,639	8,805	16,229	20,997

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Footnote 5

For population with income.

Footnote 6

For population with income.

Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 8

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 9

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

Footnote 11

For population with employment income.

Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 13

For population with wages and salaries.

Footnote 14

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 16

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 17

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 18

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 19

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 20

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 22

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Footnote 23

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 24

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 28

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 29

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 30

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 31

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 32

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 33

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 36

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

Footnote 37

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 38

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

Footnote 39

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 40

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.