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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in OntarioFootnote 1
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 2 = 27.1 %
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315) Sex (3)
Total - Sex Male Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital statusFootnote 3 10,473,665 5,064,715 5,408,950
Married or living with a common-law partner 6,132,135 3,062,430 3,069,700
Married (and not separated) 5,348,915 2,668,905 2,680,005
Living common law 783,215 393,525 389,695
Not married and not living with a common-law partner 4,341,535 2,002,290 2,339,250
Single (never legally married) 2,921,495 1,553,110 1,368,380
Separated 305,935 125,435 180,500
Divorced 581,280 220,095 361,190
Widowed 532,825 103,645 429,180
Total - Census family statusFootnote 4 12,651,795 6,181,450 6,470,350
Married spouses 5,248,260 2,624,530 2,623,735
Common-law partners 783,220 393,530 389,695
Lone parents 594,705 111,780 482,925
Children in census families 4,076,195 2,167,665 1,908,530
Persons not in census familiesFootnote 5 1,949,410 883,950 1,065,465
Total - Mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 6 12,517,320 6,112,420 6,404,905
Non-movers 11,069,630 5,406,195 5,663,435
Movers 1,447,695 706,220 741,470
Non-migrants 852,965 415,670 437,290
Migrants 594,730 290,550 304,175
Internal migrants 475,455 231,760 243,700
Intraprovincial migrants 419,420 204,105 215,315
Interprovincial migrants 56,040 27,650 28,385
External migrants 119,270 58,790 60,480
Total - Mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 7 11,949,190 5,823,095 6,126,100
Non-movers 7,469,250 3,644,725 3,824,525
Movers 4,479,940 2,178,365 2,301,575
Non-migrants 2,486,065 1,211,740 1,274,325
Migrants 1,993,875 966,625 1,027,255
Internal migrants 1,514,730 738,005 776,730
Intraprovincial migrants 1,337,130 650,745 686,385
Interprovincial migrants 177,600 87,260 90,345
External migrants 479,140 228,615 250,520
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 8 12,651,795 6,181,445 6,470,350
English 8,674,200 4,280,015 4,394,190
French 473,315 223,185 250,135
Non-official language 3,276,100 1,568,235 1,707,865
English and French 18,940 8,765 10,180
English and non-official language 196,450 95,080 101,365
French and non-official language 10,530 5,000 5,525
English, French and non-official language 2,260 1,170 1,090
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 9 12,651,795 6,181,445 6,470,350
English 10,061,500 4,943,810 5,117,690
French 282,225 132,160 150,065
Non-official language 1,863,595 889,265 974,330
English and French 19,815 9,345 10,470
English and non-official language 415,820 202,935 212,885
French and non-official language 5,770 2,535 3,240
English, French and non-official language 3,065 1,395 1,665
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 10 12,651,795 6,181,445 6,470,345
English only 10,936,505 5,428,080 5,508,425
French only 39,695 17,280 22,410
English and French 1,393,155 625,090 768,070
Neither English nor French 282,430 110,995 171,435
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at workFootnote 11 7,251,570 3,722,750 3,528,815
English 6,946,425 3,583,880 3,362,545
French 94,480 36,425 58,055
Non-official language 105,920 54,255 51,665
Aboriginal 970 400 575
Non-Aboriginal 104,945 53,855 51,090
English and French 54,125 23,310 30,815
English and non-official language 48,700 24,045 24,655
French and non-official language 275 130 150
English, French and non-official language 1,645 700 940
Total population by citizenshipFootnote 12 12,651,795 6,181,445 6,470,345
Canadian citizens 11,784,075 5,777,980 6,006,100
Canadian citizens only 11,322,670 5,553,610 5,769,060
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 461,405 224,365 237,040
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 13 867,715 403,465 464,250
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 14 12,651,795 6,181,445 6,470,350
Non-immigrantsFootnote 15 8,906,005 4,410,240 4,495,765
ImmigrantsFootnote 16 3,611,365 1,706,380 1,904,980
Before 1971 723,030 341,820 381,210
1971 to 1980 464,380 217,985 246,390
1981 to 1990 538,280 258,095 280,190
1991 to 2000 866,215 408,265 457,950
2001 to 2011Footnote 17 1,019,460 480,215 539,250
2001 to 2005 518,405 245,850 272,550
2006 to 2011Footnote 18 501,060 234,360 266,695
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 19 134,425 64,825 69,600
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigrationFootnote 20 3,611,365 1,706,380 1,904,985
Under 5 years 350,090 173,585 176,505
5 to 14 years 640,590 323,135 317,460
15 to 24 years 845,915 378,010 467,905
25 to 44 years 1,447,265 684,940 762,325
45 years and over 327,500 146,710 180,790
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birthFootnote 21 12,651,795 6,181,445 6,470,345
Non-immigrantsFootnote 22 8,906,000 4,410,240 4,495,765
Born in province of residence 7,916,105 3,934,410 3,981,695
Born outside province of residence 989,895 475,830 514,070
ImmigrantsFootnote 23 3,611,365 1,706,380 1,904,985
Americas 580,045 256,295 323,750
United States 115,045 49,740 65,305
Jamaica 111,475 46,140 65,330
Guyana 80,070 35,575 44,495
Haiti 9,280 3,795 5,485
Mexico 27,180 12,665 14,520
Trinidad and Tobago 54,680 24,370 30,310
Colombia 26,720 12,535 14,185
El Salvador 19,645 9,980 9,670
Peru 10,315 4,465 5,855
Chile 8,630 4,135 4,495
Other places of birth in Americas 117,000 52,895 64,105
Europe 1,206,005 576,930 629,075
United KingdomFootnote 24 291,935 137,350 154,585
Italy 170,710 85,695 85,015
Germany 68,170 31,450 36,725
Poland 101,815 46,325 55,495
Portugal 103,760 50,910 52,850
Netherlands 53,390 26,965 26,430
France 12,935 6,025 6,910
Romania 40,695 19,140 21,560
Russian Federation 41,920 18,960 22,955
Greece 39,410 19,940 19,470
Ukraine 38,955 17,170 21,790
Croatia 27,940 13,370 14,565
Hungary 23,510 11,035 12,480
Bosnia and Herzegovina 22,105 11,265 10,840
Serbia 23,845 11,390 12,455
Ireland, Republic of 16,995 7,900 9,095
Other places of birth in Europe 127,910 62,050 65,860
Africa 195,905 95,165 100,740
Morocco 5,395 2,535 2,865
Algeria 2,415 1,345 1,070
Egypt 26,200 14,035 12,165
South Africa, Republic of 18,405 9,230 9,175
Nigeria 17,220 8,735 8,480
Ethiopia 13,155 6,060 7,095
Kenya 14,170 6,405 7,770
Other places of birth in Africa 98,950 46,825 52,120
Asia 1,617,330 772,130 845,200
India 310,405 153,835 156,570
ChinaFootnote 25 267,780 123,410 144,365
Philippines 204,035 83,860 120,175
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 105,855 49,885 55,970
Viet NamFootnote 26 79,645 37,485 42,165
Pakistan 114,595 58,165 56,430
Sri Lanka 110,800 54,755 56,050
IranFootnote 27 70,310 36,065 34,240
Korea, SouthFootnote 28 55,485 26,190 29,295
Lebanon 30,135 15,770 14,365
Taiwan 17,420 7,760 9,660
Iraq 36,350 18,650 17,705
Bangladesh 30,205 15,590 14,615
Afghanistan 26,385 13,325 13,060
Japan 8,015 2,510 5,505
Turkey 13,875 7,210 6,660
Other places of birth in Asia 136,030 67,670 68,360
Oceania and otherFootnote 29 12,080 5,860 6,220
Fiji 2,395 1,135 1,255
Other places of birthFootnote 30 9,690 4,725 4,970
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 31 134,425 64,825 69,600
Total population in private households by generation statusFootnote 32 12,651,790 6,181,450 6,470,345
First generationFootnote 33 3,779,630 1,788,770 1,990,855
Second generationFootnote 34 2,849,290 1,420,775 1,428,515
Third generation or moreFootnote 35 6,022,875 2,971,895 3,050,975
Total population by selected religionsFootnote 36 12,651,795 6,181,445 6,470,345
Buddhist 163,750 75,355 88,395
Christian 8,167,295 3,839,925 4,327,370
Anglican 774,560 355,170 419,390
Baptist 244,650 112,285 132,370
Catholic 3,976,610 1,895,945 2,080,665
Christian Orthodox 297,705 145,825 151,885
Lutheran 163,460 75,230 88,235
Pentecostal 213,950 94,955 118,995
Presbyterian 319,590 148,535 171,050
United Church 952,470 435,255 517,210
Other Christian 1,224,300 576,725 647,570
Hindu 366,720 183,580 183,140
Jewish 195,535 95,790 99,740
Muslim 581,950 293,925 288,025
Sikh 179,760 90,515 89,250
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality 15,910 7,600 8,310
Other religions 53,080 23,555 29,525
No religious affiliation 2,927,795 1,571,195 1,356,600
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 37 7,018,880 3,388,220 3,630,655
No certificate, diploma or degree 769,570 398,420 371,150
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 38 1,702,160 820,680 881,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 39 4,547,145 2,169,125 2,378,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 40 546,565 365,355 181,210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 1,654,400 713,695 940,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 41 318,125 144,035 174,090
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 2,028,055 946,040 1,082,020
Bachelor's degree 1,243,250 564,165 679,080
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 42 784,805 381,870 402,940
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011Footnote 43 10,473,670 5,064,720 5,408,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 44 4,756,330 2,294,095 2,462,235
Education 387,620 93,405 294,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 222,150 104,405 117,745
Humanities 348,195 133,215 214,980
Social and behavioural sciences and law 682,335 233,645 448,690
Business, management and public administration 1,222,405 494,395 728,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies 229,270 116,045 113,225
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 267,625 167,780 99,850
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 1,151,370 1,046,010 105,360
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 103,820 68,515 35,305
Health and related fieldsFootnote 45 791,620 151,230 640,390
Personal, protective and transportation services 309,720 161,745 147,975
Other fields of studyFootnote 46 1,210 235 980
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residenceFootnote 47 10,473,670 5,064,720 5,408,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 4,756,330 2,294,095 2,462,235
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 5,717,340 2,770,625 2,946,720
Location of study inside Canada 4,525,690 2,171,655 2,354,035
Same as province or territory of residence 4,172,805 1,999,135 2,173,665
Another province or territory 352,885 172,520 180,365
Location of study outside Canada 1,191,650 598,965 592,680
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force statusFootnote 48 10,473,670 5,064,715 5,408,950
In the labour force 6,864,990 3,542,025 3,322,960
Employed 6,297,005 3,249,165 3,047,835
Unemployed 567,985 292,860 275,120
Not in the labour force 3,608,680 1,522,685 2,085,990
Participation rate 65.5 69.9 61.4
Employment rate 60.1 64.2 56.3
Unemployment rate 8.3 8.3 8.3
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 49 6,864,985 3,542,025 3,322,955
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 50 184,740 89,230 95,505
All classes of workerFootnote 51 6,680,245 3,452,795 3,227,450
Employee 5,973,825 2,998,790 2,975,035
Self-employedFootnote 52 706,425 454,010 252,420
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011Footnote 53 6,864,985 3,542,025 3,322,955
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 54 184,740 89,230 95,505
All occupationsFootnote 55 6,680,250 3,452,800 3,227,455
0 Management occupations 770,580 474,660 295,915
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 1,138,325 352,505 785,820
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 494,495 384,340 110,155
3 Health occupations 392,695 78,330 314,370
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 801,470 264,570 536,895
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 206,420 96,050 110,365
6 Sales and service occupations 1,550,255 673,880 876,375
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 868,510 812,285 56,230
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 106,805 82,610 24,200
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 350,680 233,570 117,115
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007Footnote 56 6,864,985 3,542,030 3,322,960
Industry - not applicableFootnote 57 184,735 89,230 95,510
All industriesFootnote 58 6,680,245 3,452,800 3,227,455
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 101,285 66,480 34,800
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 29,990 25,650 4,340
22 Utilities 57,035 42,685 14,345
23 Construction 417,895 369,300 48,595
31-33 Manufacturing 697,565 493,305 204,260
41 Wholesale trade 305,030 197,770 107,255
44-45 Retail trade 751,200 344,480 406,720
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 307,405 225,245 82,160
51 Information and cultural industries 178,715 98,835 79,885
52 Finance and insurance 364,415 153,125 211,290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 133,980 72,835 61,145
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 511,020 281,420 229,595
55 Management of companies and enterprises 6,525 3,535 2,990
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 309,630 172,480 137,155
61 Educational services 499,690 162,765 336,925
62 Health care and social assistance 692,130 120,165 571,965
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 144,060 75,030 69,030
72 Accommodation and food services 417,675 177,240 240,430
81 Other services (except public administration) 296,345 133,795 162,550
91 Public administration 458,665 236,655 222,015
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010Footnote 59 3,729,585 2,075,335 1,654,250
Median employment income in 2010 $ 50,116 55,116 44,973
Average employment income in 2010 $ 61,495 68,768 52,371
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and overFootnote 60 10,473,670 5,064,715 5,408,950
Without income 556,520 243,450 313,065
With income 9,917,155 4,821,270 5,095,885
Under $5,000Footnote 61 1,064,160 513,400 550,760
$5,000 to $9,999 716,195 267,695 448,500
$10,000 to $14,999 872,785 334,005 538,780
$15,000 to $19,999 875,280 335,810 539,470
$20,000 to $29,999 1,361,710 580,995 780,720
$30,000 to $39,999 1,136,730 535,255 601,475
$40,000 to $49,999 980,790 491,120 489,665
$50,000 to $59,999 746,360 407,005 339,355
$60,000 to $79,999 964,280 569,205 395,075
$80,000 to $99,999 574,710 341,160 233,555
$100,000 and over 624,150 445,625 178,525
$100,000 to $124,999 293,860 201,120 92,740
$125,000 and over 330,285 244,495 85,785
Median income $Footnote 62 30,526 36,971 25,412
Average income $Footnote 63 42,264 50,242 34,716
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and overFootnote 64 10,473,665 5,064,715 5,408,950
Without after-tax income 558,360 243,470 314,890
With after-tax income 9,915,310 4,821,245 5,094,060
Under $5,000Footnote 65 1,083,750 518,490 565,255
$5,000 to $9,999 730,610 269,945 460,660
$10,000 to $14,999 894,350 343,100 551,255
$15,000 to $19,999 942,415 364,835 577,575
$20,000 to $29,999 1,568,230 682,560 885,675
$30,000 to $39,999 1,376,725 669,100 707,625
$40,000 to $49,999 1,093,325 581,980 511,345
$50,000 to $59,999 734,550 428,690 305,860
$60,000 to $79,999 895,440 538,205 357,235
$80,000 to $99,999 307,975 210,085 97,890
$100,000 and over 287,940 214,255 73,685
Median after-tax income $Footnote 66 28,118 33,475 23,882
Average after-tax income $Footnote 67 35,249 40,970 29,836
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %Footnote 68 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income %Footnote 69 87.7 90.6 83.7
Employment income %Footnote 70 74.8 77.6 70.9
Wages and salaries %Footnote 71 70.1 72.1 67.4
Self-employment income %Footnote 72 4.6 5.5 3.5
Investment income %Footnote 73 4.2 3.9 4.5
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %Footnote 74 7.0 7.5 6.4
Other money income %Footnote 75 1.7 1.6 1.9
Government transfer payments %Footnote 76 12.3 9.4 16.3
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %Footnote 77 3.4 3.0 4.0
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %Footnote 78 2.8 2.1 3.9
Employment Insurance benefits %Footnote 79 1.4 1.1 1.8
Child benefits %Footnote 80 1.4 0.1 3.2
Other income from government sources %Footnote 81 3.3 3.1 3.5
Income taxes paid as a % of total incomeFootnote 82 16.6 18.5 14.1
After-tax income as a % of total incomeFootnote 83 83.4 81.5 85.9
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total incomeFootnote 84 1.7 1.9 1.5
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measureFootnote 85 12,651,790 6,181,445 6,470,345
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure 12,600,230 6,155,675 6,444,555
Low-income population 1,745,900 809,655 936,245
Prevalence of low income % 13.9 13.2 14.5
Other population 10,854,325 5,346,020 5,508,310
Concept not applicableFootnote 86 51,565 25,770 25,790

Symbol(s)

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not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

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too unreliable to be published

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Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 4

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

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Footnote 5

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

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Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 11

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

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Footnote 12

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 13

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 14

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 15

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 16

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 19

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 20

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 21

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 22

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 23

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 24

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 25

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 26

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 27

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 28

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 29

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 30

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 31

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 32

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 33

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 34

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 35

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 36

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

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Footnote 37

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 38

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 39

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 40

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 41

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 42

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 43

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 44

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 45

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 46

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 47

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 48

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 49

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 50

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 51

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 52

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 53

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 56

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 57

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 58

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 59

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 60

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 61

Including loss.

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Footnote 62

For population with income.

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Footnote 63

For population with income.

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Footnote 64

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 65

Including loss.

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Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 67

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 68

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 69

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

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Footnote 70

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

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Footnote 71

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

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Footnote 72

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 73

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

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Footnote 74

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

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Footnote 75

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

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Footnote 76

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

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Footnote 77

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

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Footnote 78

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 79

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

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Footnote 80

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

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Footnote 81

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

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Footnote 82

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

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Footnote 83

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

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Footnote 84

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

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Footnote 85

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 86

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.

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