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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (327) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

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This table details ethnic origin , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in London
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 2 = 23.7 %
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (327) Sex (3)
Total - Sex Male Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital statusFootnote 3 388,445 186,570 201,870
Married or living with a common-law partner 222,750 111,270 111,475
Married (and not separated) 189,405 94,485 94,915
Living common law 33,340 16,785 16,555
Not married and not living with a common-law partner 165,700 75,300 90,400
Single (never legally married) 109,390 57,135 52,255
Separated 12,750 5,240 7,510
Divorced 24,090 9,095 14,995
Widowed 19,465 3,825 15,640
Total - Census family statusFootnote 4 467,260 227,230 240,030
Married spouses 186,765 93,365 93,405
Common-law partners 33,345 16,785 16,555
Lone parents 22,410 4,210 18,200
Children in census families 141,020 74,915 66,105
Persons not in census familiesFootnote 5 83,725 37,955 45,770
Total - Mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 6 462,395 224,655 237,740
Non-movers 398,540 193,165 205,370
Movers 63,855 31,485 32,370
Non-migrants 42,790 21,455 21,335
Migrants 21,065 10,030 11,035
Internal migrants 17,775 8,405 9,370
Intraprovincial migrants 15,680 7,405 8,275
Interprovincial migrants 2,095 1,000 1,095
External migrants 3,290 1,625 1,665
Total - Mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 7 441,145 214,005 227,145
Non-movers 258,910 125,920 132,990
Movers 182,235 88,085 94,155
Non-migrants 114,945 56,090 58,855
Migrants 67,290 31,995 35,295
Internal migrants 53,445 25,290 28,155
Intraprovincial migrants 47,330 22,315 25,015
Interprovincial migrants 6,115 2,975 3,140
External migrants 13,845 6,705 7,135
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 8 467,260 227,230 240,030
English 378,440 184,755 193,690
French 6,110 2,580 3,530
Non-official language 77,815 37,445 40,365
English and French 335 120 215
English and non-official language 4,260 2,175 2,085
French and non-official language 240 120 120
English, French and non-official language 60 35 25
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 9 467,260 227,230 240,030
English 417,855 203,505 214,350
French 1,890 810 1,085
Non-official language 37,580 18,150 19,430
English and French 175 25 145
English and non-official language 9,615 4,675 4,940
French and non-official language 95 35 55
English, French and non-official language 50 25 20
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 10 467,255 227,225 240,030
English only 430,790 212,165 218,630
French only 170 80 90
English and French 31,525 13,140 18,380
Neither English nor French 4,775 1,840 2,935
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at workFootnote 11 267,350 135,690 131,660
English 263,075 133,860 129,215
French 1,240 310 930
Non-official language 1,250 745 500
Aboriginal 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 1,240 740 500
English and French 620 215 410
English and non-official language 1,145 555 590
French and non-official language 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 25 0 20
Total population by citizenshipFootnote 12 467,260 227,225 240,030
Canadian citizens 445,795 216,990 228,800
Canadian citizens only 433,620 211,070 222,550
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 12,175 5,920 6,255
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 13 21,465 10,235 11,230
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigrationFootnote 14 87,655 41,945 45,710
Under 5 years 10,290 5,055 5,235
5 to 14 years 17,635 9,045 8,595
15 to 24 years 21,070 9,350 11,715
25 to 44 years 33,405 16,030 17,380
45 years and over 5,250 2,465 2,785
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birthFootnote 15 467,260 227,225 240,030
Non-immigrantsFootnote 16 374,875 182,870 192,010
Born in province of residence 341,410 166,885 174,525
Born outside province of residence 33,465 15,985 17,480
ImmigrantsFootnote 17 87,650 41,950 45,705
Americas 15,500 7,740 7,755
United States 4,520 2,115 2,410
Jamaica 975 585 390
Guyana 480 230 250
Haiti 55 30 30
Mexico 740 370 370
Trinidad and Tobago 600 230 370
Colombia 3,785 1,955 1,830
El Salvador 1,520 770 750
Peru 120 50 70
Chile 235 135 95
Other places of birth in Americas 2,475 1,280 1,190
Europe 43,155 20,105 23,050
United KingdomFootnote 18 12,490 5,810 6,685
Italy 2,425 1,220 1,210
Germany 2,530 1,105 1,425
Poland 4,650 2,070 2,585
Portugal 4,690 2,080 2,605
Netherlands 4,355 2,045 2,315
France 290 100 190
Romania 845 320 530
Russian Federation 440 255 185
Greece 1,260 645 615
Ukraine 690 300 385
Croatia 830 380 450
Hungary 945 480 470
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,190 640 550
Serbia 605 275 335
Ireland, Republic of 645 295 355
Other places of birth in Europe 4,270 2,100 2,165
Africa 4,040 2,060 1,985
Morocco 75 40 40
Algeria 55 25 25
Egypt 810 395 415
South Africa, Republic of 475 230 245
Nigeria 165 100 70
Ethiopia 325 150 170
Kenya 200 125 80
Other places of birth in Africa 1,935 990 945
Asia 24,575 11,860 12,715
India 2,745 1,335 1,410
ChinaFootnote 19 3,015 1,385 1,625
Philippines 1,455 515 945
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 830 380 450
Viet NamFootnote 20 1,740 890 845
Pakistan 925 495 425
Sri Lanka 270 110 155
IranFootnote 21 1,135 570 565
Korea, SouthFootnote 22 2,350 1,135 1,215
Lebanon 1,595 780 815
Taiwan 295 100 190
Iraq 1,850 925 925
Bangladesh 195 110 85
Afghanistan 620 305 320
Japan 160 50 105
Turkey 95 50 40
Other places of birth in Asia 5,305 2,720 2,585
Oceania and otherFootnote 23 385 175 205
Fiji 65 0 45
Other places of birthFootnote 24 325 160 165
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 25 4,725 2,410 2,315
Total population in private households by generation statusFootnote 26 467,255 227,230 240,030
First generationFootnote 27 93,550 44,930 48,615
Second generationFootnote 28 95,270 46,545 48,720
Third generation or moreFootnote 29 278,440 135,750 142,690
Total population by selected religionsFootnote 30 467,260 227,230 240,035
Buddhist 2,970 1,390 1,580
Christian 298,155 138,105 160,050
Anglican 35,330 15,760 19,570
Baptist 14,700 6,690 8,005
Catholic 121,245 57,020 64,225
Christian Orthodox 6,930 3,520 3,405
Lutheran 5,760 2,610 3,145
Pentecostal 5,665 2,575 3,095
Presbyterian 14,185 6,350 7,830
United Church 50,120 22,545 27,575
Other Christian 44,225 21,025 23,200
Hindu 3,050 1,435 1,615
Jewish 1,765 850 915
Muslim 16,030 8,105 7,925
Sikh 745 355 385
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality 325 185 140
Other religions 2,415 1,035 1,380
No religious affiliation 141,800 75,760 66,045
Total population in private households by visible minority 467,260 227,230 240,030
Total visible minority populationFootnote 31 61,040 30,510 30,530
South AsianFootnote 32 8,595 4,165 4,430
Chinese 7,405 3,460 3,940
Black 9,255 4,850 4,410
Filipino 2,465 1,005 1,460
Latin American 9,910 5,225 4,685
Arab 9,515 4,825 4,690
Southeast AsianFootnote 33 4,290 2,180 2,115
West AsianFootnote 34 2,985 1,600 1,385
Korean 3,170 1,610 1,555
Japanese 595 265 330
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 35 815 400 410
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 36 2,035 915 1,120
Not a visible minorityFootnote 37 406,215 196,720 209,500
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity 467,260 227,230 240,030
Aboriginal identityFootnote 38 8,475 4,035 4,435
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 39 6,200 2,905 3,290
Métis single identity 1,825 870 950
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 75 35 35
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 40 100 80 25
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 41 275 140 135
Non-Aboriginal identity 458,785 223,190 235,595
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 42 255,570 123,240 132,330
No certificate, diploma or degree 26,070 13,945 12,125
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 43 66,045 32,880 33,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 44 163,455 76,410 87,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 45 20,050 12,820 7,230
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 69,685 29,865 39,820
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 46 9,275 4,225 5,055
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 64,445 29,500 34,940
Bachelor's degree 37,775 16,675 21,090
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 47 26,675 12,825 13,850
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011Footnote 48 388,445 186,570 201,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 49 179,270 87,315 91,960
Education 14,715 4,005 10,715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 7,425 3,355 4,065
Humanities 13,350 5,575 7,780
Social and behavioural sciences and law 23,730 8,170 15,565
Business, management and public administration 40,680 15,570 25,110
Physical and life sciences and technologies 7,995 4,055 3,940
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 8,450 5,510 2,940
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 39,440 36,600 2,840
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,800 2,700 1,105
Health and related fieldsFootnote 50 37,385 7,400 29,980
Personal, protective and transportation services 12,165 6,305 5,860
Other fields of studyFootnote 51 30 0 20
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residenceFootnote 52 388,445 186,570 201,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 179,275 87,315 91,960
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 209,175 99,255 109,915
Location of study inside Canada 181,250 84,490 96,760
Same as province or territory of residence 170,960 79,725 91,230
Another province or territory 10,290 4,760 5,530
Location of study outside Canada 27,920 14,765 13,155
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force statusFootnote 53 388,445 186,570 201,875
In the labour force 253,515 129,360 124,155
Employed 231,750 117,925 113,825
Unemployed 21,765 11,435 10,335
Not in the labour force 134,930 57,210 77,720
Participation rate 65.3 69.3 61.5
Employment rate 59.7 63.2 56.4
Unemployment rate 8.6 8.8 8.3
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 54 253,515 129,360 124,155
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 55 7,345 3,755 3,600
All classes of workerFootnote 56 246,170 125,605 120,560
Employee 223,455 110,860 112,600
Self-employedFootnote 57 22,710 14,755 7,955
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011Footnote 58 253,515 129,360 124,155
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 59 7,350 3,750 3,595
All occupationsFootnote 60 246,170 125,610 120,560
0 Management occupations 24,455 15,290 9,165
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 38,295 11,035 27,265
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 13,970 11,015 2,960
3 Health occupations 18,970 4,115 14,860
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 31,690 10,975 20,710
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 6,105 2,725 3,385
6 Sales and service occupations 62,265 26,640 35,620
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 32,075 30,275 1,800
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 3,695 2,885 810
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 14,650 10,655 3,995
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007Footnote 61 253,515 129,360 124,155
Industry - not applicableFootnote 62 7,345 3,750 3,595
All industriesFootnote 63 246,165 125,610 120,560
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 3,695 2,525 1,175
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 255 210 45
22 Utilities 1,170 955 220
23 Construction 14,235 12,710 1,525
31-33 Manufacturing 28,620 21,245 7,375
41 Wholesale trade 8,605 6,110 2,495
44-45 Retail trade 28,130 12,640 15,490
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 11,085 8,385 2,695
51 Information and cultural industries 4,545 2,305 2,240
52 Finance and insurance 13,585 5,040 8,540
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 4,590 2,750 1,840
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 14,200 7,690 6,510
55 Management of companies and enterprises 120 75 45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 12,600 6,920 5,680
61 Educational services 22,545 8,365 14,175
62 Health care and social assistance 33,885 6,750 27,135
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 5,440 2,805 2,630
72 Accommodation and food services 17,520 7,225 10,295
81 Other services (except public administration) 10,430 4,890 5,535
91 Public administration 10,930 6,020 4,915
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010Footnote 64 135,075 74,075 61,000
Median employment income in 2010 $ 47,963 52,740 43,305
Average employment income in 2010 $ 56,869 63,300 49,061
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and overFootnote 65 388,445 186,570 201,875
Without income 19,055 8,675 10,380
With income 369,395 177,895 191,500
Under $5,000Footnote 66 37,740 18,585 19,155
$5,000 to $9,999 27,265 10,430 16,840
$10,000 to $14,999 32,760 12,785 19,975
$15,000 to $19,999 32,845 12,730 20,115
$20,000 to $29,999 55,265 23,520 31,745
$30,000 to $39,999 44,410 20,160 24,255
$40,000 to $49,999 38,675 19,315 19,365
$50,000 to $59,999 27,245 14,750 12,495
$60,000 to $79,999 34,720 20,505 14,220
$80,000 to $99,999 20,425 12,030 8,390
$100,000 and over 18,035 13,090 4,940
$100,000 to $124,999 9,610 6,660 2,950
$125,000 and over 8,420 6,430 1,985
Median income $Footnote 67 29,772 35,549 25,592
Average income $Footnote 68 39,361 46,034 33,162
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and overFootnote 69 388,445 186,570 201,875
Without after-tax income 19,075 8,665 10,410
With after-tax income 369,370 177,900 191,465
Under $5,000Footnote 70 38,330 18,755 19,580
$5,000 to $9,999 28,020 10,550 17,475
$10,000 to $14,999 33,900 13,135 20,770
$15,000 to $19,999 35,350 13,840 21,510
$20,000 to $29,999 63,150 27,100 36,045
$30,000 to $39,999 54,410 26,065 28,345
$40,000 to $49,999 40,850 21,595 19,260
$50,000 to $59,999 26,625 15,525 11,100
$60,000 to $79,999 31,500 18,805 12,695
$80,000 to $99,999 9,920 6,980 2,940
$100,000 and over 7,305 5,550 1,750
Median after-tax income $Footnote 71 27,514 32,403 24,077
Average after-tax income $Footnote 72 33,379 38,256 28,847
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %Footnote 73 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income %Footnote 74 86.0 89.1 82.1
Employment income %Footnote 75 72.6 75.5 68.8
Wages and salaries %Footnote 76 67.6 69.2 65.5
Self-employment income %Footnote 77 5.0 6.4 3.2
Investment income %Footnote 78 3.9 3.6 4.2
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %Footnote 79 8.0 8.7 7.1
Other money income %Footnote 80 1.6 1.2 2.1
Government transfer payments %Footnote 81 14.0 10.9 17.9
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %Footnote 82 4.1 3.6 4.8
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %Footnote 83 3.0 2.2 4.1
Employment Insurance benefits %Footnote 84 1.5 1.3 1.8
Child benefits %Footnote 85 1.5 0.1 3.3
Other income from government sources %Footnote 86 3.8 3.7 4.0
Income taxes paid as a % of total incomeFootnote 87 15.2 16.9 13.0
After-tax income as a % of total incomeFootnote 88 84.8 83.1 87.0
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total incomeFootnote 89 1.1 1.2 0.8
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measureFootnote 90 467,260 227,225 240,030
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure 467,255 227,230 240,035
Low-income population 73,375 33,905 39,470
Prevalence of low income % 15.7 14.9 16.4
Other population 393,885 193,330 200,555
Concept not applicableFootnote 91 0 0 0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the NHS.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 4

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

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Footnote 5

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

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Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 11

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

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Footnote 12

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 13

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 14

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 15

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 18

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 19

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 20

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 21

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 22

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 23

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 24

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 25

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 26

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 30

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

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Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 38

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 39

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 40

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 41

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 53

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 54

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 57

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 59

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 60

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 61

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 62

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 63

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 64

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 65

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 66

Including loss.

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Footnote 67

For population with income.

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Footnote 68

For population with income.

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Footnote 69

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 70

Including loss.

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Footnote 71

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 72

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 73

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 74

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

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Footnote 75

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

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Footnote 76

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

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Footnote 77

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 78

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

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Footnote 79

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

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Footnote 80

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

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Footnote 81

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

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Footnote 82

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

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Footnote 83

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 84

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

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Footnote 85

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

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Footnote 86

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

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Footnote 87

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

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Footnote 88

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

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Footnote 89

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

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Footnote 90

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 91

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011036.

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