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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (327) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details ethnic origin , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in VictoriaFootnote 2
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 3 = 22.7 %
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (327) Sex (3)
Total - Sex Male Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital statusFootnote 4 290,655 138,990 151,660
Married or living with a common-law partner 164,520 82,075 82,440
Married (and not separated) 134,455 67,045 67,410
Living common law 30,065 15,030 15,030
Not married and not living with a common-law partner 126,130 56,910 69,220
Single (never legally married) 78,890 42,285 36,600
Separated 7,645 2,925 4,715
Divorced 24,025 8,570 15,450
Widowed 15,575 3,130 12,445
Total - Census family statusFootnote 5 336,185 162,465 173,720
Married spouses 132,310 66,075 66,235
Common-law partners 30,065 15,035 15,035
Lone parents 14,320 2,830 11,500
Children in census families 79,295 42,255 37,050
Persons not in census familiesFootnote 6 80,185 36,285 43,905
Total - Mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 7 333,135 160,885 172,250
Non-movers 280,300 135,155 145,145
Movers 52,835 25,725 27,105
Non-migrants 33,320 16,425 16,890
Migrants 19,515 9,300 10,220
Internal migrants 16,620 8,090 8,525
Intraprovincial migrants 11,480 5,465 6,015
Interprovincial migrants 5,135 2,625 2,515
External migrants 2,900 1,205 1,690
Total - Mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 8 321,295 154,915 166,380
Non-movers 177,260 84,680 92,580
Movers 144,035 70,235 73,800
Non-migrants 81,820 40,145 41,675
Migrants 62,215 30,090 32,125
Internal migrants 51,890 25,540 26,350
Intraprovincial migrants 32,610 15,785 16,825
Interprovincial migrants 19,275 9,755 9,520
External migrants 10,330 4,550 5,780
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 9 336,180 162,465 173,715
English 288,865 140,705 148,160
French 5,710 2,970 2,745
Non-official language 38,805 17,505 21,295
English and French 305 135 170
English and non-official language 2,330 1,090 1,235
French and non-official language 130 50 80
English, French and non-official language 35 0 30
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 10 336,180 162,465 173,720
English 315,515 152,745 162,765
French 1,680 830 850
Non-official language 14,930 6,990 7,940
English and French 180 60 120
English and non-official language 3,845 1,810 2,035
French and non-official language 10 0 0
English, French and non-official language 25 15 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 11 336,180 162,465 173,720
English only 301,340 146,805 154,540
French only 160 85 75
English and French 32,565 14,815 17,750
Neither English nor French 2,115 765 1,355
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at workFootnote 12 205,300 102,795 102,510
English 203,130 101,895 101,235
French 590 145 445
Non-official language 805 370 435
Aboriginal 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 805 370 435
English and French 310 160 150
English and non-official language 455 220 230
French and non-official language 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0
Total population by citizenshipFootnote 13 336,185 162,465 173,715
Canadian citizens 320,995 155,940 165,055
Canadian citizens only 309,885 150,710 159,170
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 11,110 5,230 5,885
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 14 15,185 6,525 8,665
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigrationFootnote 15 60,075 28,015 32,060
Under 5 years 7,290 3,660 3,635
5 to 14 years 10,585 5,300 5,285
15 to 24 years 13,850 5,945 7,905
25 to 44 years 23,480 10,920 12,565
45 years and over 4,870 2,195 2,675
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birthFootnote 16 336,185 162,465 173,715
Non-immigrantsFootnote 17 272,370 132,900 139,470
Born in province of residence 167,435 82,310 85,130
Born outside province of residence 104,935 50,590 54,340
ImmigrantsFootnote 18 60,075 28,010 32,060
Americas 9,325 4,185 5,140
United States 6,150 2,820 3,335
Jamaica 260 125 135
Guyana 205 75 130
Haiti 55 25 30
Mexico 555 235 315
Trinidad and Tobago 240 105 135
Colombia 285 130 160
El Salvador 105 50 55
Peru 95 35 60
Chile 200 90 115
Other places of birth in Americas 1,165 495 675
Europe 30,130 14,520 15,610
United KingdomFootnote 19 17,105 8,155 8,955
Italy 740 385 355
Germany 2,810 1,325 1,485
Poland 965 385 575
Portugal 780 410 370
Netherlands 1,770 855 920
France 545 300 245
Romania 215 90 125
Russian Federation 390 180 210
Greece 150 120 30
Ukraine 325 155 170
Croatia 345 180 165
Hungary 385 215 175
Bosnia and Herzegovina 65 35 30
Serbia 140 70 70
Ireland, Republic of 560 220 345
Other places of birth in Europe 2,825 1,435 1,390
Africa 2,740 1,405 1,340
Morocco 135 85 50
Algeria 20 0 0
Egypt 180 95 85
South Africa, Republic of 1,120 585 535
Nigeria 40 25 0
Ethiopia 90 35 60
Kenya 205 75 130
Other places of birth in Africa 950 500 450
Asia 16,770 7,335 9,440
India 2,910 1,435 1,475
ChinaFootnote 20 4,565 2,060 2,505
Philippines 2,625 925 1,700
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1,210 580 630
Viet NamFootnote 21 910 390 515
Pakistan 145 90 65
Sri Lanka 80 45 40
IranFootnote 22 715 355 365
Korea, SouthFootnote 23 735 360 380
Lebanon 75 40 35
Taiwan 570 255 315
Iraq 35 0 0
Bangladesh 70 40 30
Afghanistan 25 30 0
Japan 610 120 485
Turkey 65 30 30
Other places of birth in Asia 1,415 565 855
Oceania and otherFootnote 24 1,115 580 535
Fiji 80 35 50
Other places of birthFootnote 25 1,030 540 490
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 26 3,740 1,550 2,185
Total population in private households by generation statusFootnote 27 336,180 162,465 173,720
First generationFootnote 28 65,710 30,515 35,200
Second generationFootnote 29 81,490 39,095 42,395
Third generation or moreFootnote 30 188,975 92,850 96,125
Total population by selected religionsFootnote 31 336,185 162,465 173,720
Buddhist 3,835 1,745 2,090
Christian 146,625 65,285 81,340
Anglican 29,395 13,035 16,365
Baptist 7,260 3,215 4,045
Catholic 44,105 19,975 24,130
Christian Orthodox 1,800 910 885
Lutheran 4,850 1,980 2,865
Pentecostal 3,655 1,550 2,110
Presbyterian 4,790 2,050 2,740
United Church 20,670 8,675 11,995
Other Christian 30,095 13,900 16,200
Hindu 1,135 605 530
Jewish 1,570 660 905
Muslim 2,485 1,210 1,275
Sikh 3,645 1,745 1,895
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality 545 245 305
Other religions 4,380 1,695 2,690
No religious affiliation 171,955 89,270 82,685
Total population in private households by visible minority 336,180 162,465 173,720
Total visible minority populationFootnote 32 37,810 17,600 20,210
South AsianFootnote 33 7,555 3,680 3,870
Chinese 12,765 6,150 6,615
Black 2,860 1,495 1,365
Filipino 4,125 1,430 2,695
Latin American 1,835 850 990
Arab 855 415 440
Southeast AsianFootnote 34 2,040 930 1,110
West AsianFootnote 35 865 425 440
Korean 1,230 560 665
Japanese 2,060 775 1,280
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 36 415 205 210
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 37 1,200 675 525
Not a visible minorityFootnote 38 298,375 144,865 153,510
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity 336,185 162,465 173,715
Aboriginal identityFootnote 39 14,200 6,650 7,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 40 8,900 4,240 4,665
Métis single identity 4,805 2,235 2,580
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 95 40 55
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 41 145 70 75
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 42 250 65 185
Non-Aboriginal identity 321,985 155,815 166,165
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 43 190,500 91,580 98,925
No certificate, diploma or degree 13,820 7,490 6,325
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 44 45,210 22,495 22,715
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 45 131,480 61,595 69,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 46 21,380 13,980 7,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 40,145 16,565 23,580
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 47 10,355 4,295 6,060
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 59,595 26,760 32,835
Bachelor's degree 37,400 16,125 21,275
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 48 22,190 10,630 11,560
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011Footnote 49 290,650 138,990 151,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 50 115,850 55,615 60,235
Education 13,830 3,665 10,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 8,195 3,520 4,670
Humanities 11,625 4,985 6,640
Social and behavioural sciences and law 21,700 8,525 13,170
Business, management and public administration 32,675 12,130 20,550
Physical and life sciences and technologies 8,170 4,780 3,390
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 6,865 4,545 2,320
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 29,710 27,530 2,180
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,820 2,565 1,250
Health and related fieldsFootnote 51 28,380 5,580 22,800
Personal, protective and transportation services 9,815 5,540 4,275
Other fields of studyFootnote 52 20 0 10
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residenceFootnote 53 290,655 138,990 151,660
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 115,855 55,615 60,235
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 174,800 83,370 91,425
Location of study inside Canada 149,145 70,685 78,465
Same as province or territory of residence 105,645 49,385 56,260
Another province or territory 43,495 21,295 22,200
Location of study outside Canada 25,655 12,690 12,965
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force statusFootnote 54 290,655 138,990 151,660
In the labour force 190,025 95,865 94,155
Employed 178,485 89,815 88,675
Unemployed 11,540 6,055 5,485
Not in the labour force 100,630 43,125 57,505
Participation rate 65.4 69.0 62.1
Employment rate 61.4 64.6 58.5
Unemployment rate 6.1 6.3 5.8
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 55 190,025 95,870 94,155
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 56 2,605 1,250 1,355
All classes of workerFootnote 57 187,420 94,620 92,800
Employee 162,905 79,840 83,060
Self-employedFootnote 58 24,520 14,775 9,740
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011Footnote 59 190,025 95,865 94,155
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 60 2,605 1,245 1,355
All occupationsFootnote 61 187,420 94,620 92,800
0 Management occupations 21,010 12,450 8,560
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 32,340 8,715 23,625
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 14,815 11,655 3,155
3 Health occupations 14,090 3,185 10,910
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 26,540 10,150 16,395
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 6,890 3,420 3,470
6 Sales and service occupations 44,700 20,370 24,325
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 21,380 20,260 1,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 3,030 2,355 675
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 2,630 2,055 575
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007Footnote 62 190,020 95,865 94,160
Industry - not applicableFootnote 63 2,605 1,250 1,355
All industriesFootnote 64 187,420 94,620 92,800
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,660 1,030 635
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 395 325 70
22 Utilities 515 395 120
23 Construction 13,485 11,955 1,530
31-33 Manufacturing 6,065 4,530 1,530
41 Wholesale trade 4,725 3,450 1,270
44-45 Retail trade 21,845 10,385 11,460
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 6,595 4,700 1,890
51 Information and cultural industries 3,585 2,020 1,570
52 Finance and insurance 6,035 2,410 3,615
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 4,270 2,260 2,010
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 15,380 8,810 6,565
55 Management of companies and enterprises 150 45 105
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 7,630 4,690 2,940
61 Educational services 15,265 5,430 9,835
62 Health care and social assistance 25,180 5,390 19,785
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 4,865 2,490 2,370
72 Accommodation and food services 15,250 7,155 8,095
81 Other services (except public administration) 7,890 3,045 4,845
91 Public administration 26,645 14,090 12,550
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010Footnote 65 95,765 52,440 43,320
Median employment income in 2010 $ 49,892 54,996 44,976
Average employment income in 2010 $ 57,036 63,060 49,743
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and overFootnote 66 290,655 138,990 151,660
Without income 9,945 4,735 5,205
With income 280,705 134,255 146,455
Under $5,000Footnote 67 24,590 11,385 13,205
$5,000 to $9,999 17,485 6,680 10,805
$10,000 to $14,999 24,220 9,805 14,420
$15,000 to $19,999 24,475 9,085 15,390
$20,000 to $29,999 37,540 15,055 22,485
$30,000 to $39,999 35,090 15,750 19,335
$40,000 to $49,999 31,935 14,905 17,025
$50,000 to $59,999 24,110 12,780 11,330
$60,000 to $79,999 31,010 18,375 12,635
$80,000 to $99,999 15,300 9,690 5,610
$100,000 and over 14,945 10,740 4,205
$100,000 to $124,999 7,250 5,040 2,210
$125,000 and over 7,690 5,700 1,995
Median income $Footnote 68 33,301 39,515 28,473
Average income $Footnote 69 41,952 49,233 35,279
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and overFootnote 70 290,655 138,990 151,665
Without after-tax income 10,010 4,735 5,275
With after-tax income 280,640 134,255 146,385
Under $5,000Footnote 71 25,255 11,555 13,700
$5,000 to $9,999 18,155 6,795 11,365
$10,000 to $14,999 24,530 9,970 14,565
$15,000 to $19,999 26,125 9,775 16,355
$20,000 to $29,999 44,195 18,185 26,010
$30,000 to $39,999 41,945 18,810 23,130
$40,000 to $49,999 34,265 17,710 16,555
$50,000 to $59,999 23,630 13,745 9,890
$60,000 to $79,999 26,690 16,380 10,310
$80,000 to $99,999 8,225 5,735 2,490
$100,000 and over 7,625 5,600 2,025
Median after-tax income $Footnote 72 30,506 35,766 26,488
Average after-tax income $Footnote 73 35,980 41,500 30,918
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %Footnote 74 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income %Footnote 75 89.1 91.4 86.0
Employment income %Footnote 76 69.7 72.1 66.6
Wages and salaries %Footnote 77 65.1 67.0 62.7
Self-employment income %Footnote 78 4.6 5.1 3.9
Investment income %Footnote 79 7.2 6.5 8.1
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %Footnote 80 10.3 11.3 9.1
Other money income %Footnote 81 1.8 1.5 2.2
Government transfer payments %Footnote 82 10.9 8.6 14.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %Footnote 83 4.2 3.6 4.9
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %Footnote 84 3.2 2.4 4.2
Employment Insurance benefits %Footnote 85 1.1 1.0 1.2
Child benefits %Footnote 86 0.9 0.1 1.9
Other income from government sources %Footnote 87 1.7 1.6 1.8
Income taxes paid as a % of total incomeFootnote 88 14.3 15.7 12.4
After-tax income as a % of total incomeFootnote 89 85.7 84.3 87.6
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total incomeFootnote 90 2.2 1.8 2.9
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measureFootnote 91 336,185 162,465 173,720
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure 331,060 160,005 171,055
Low-income population 43,985 19,995 23,990
Prevalence of low income % 13.3 12.5 14.0
Other population 287,070 140,005 147,065
Concept not applicableFootnote 92 5,125 2,460 2,665

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the NHS.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 4

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 5

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

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Footnote 6

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

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Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 11

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 12

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

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Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 15

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 16

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 17

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 18

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 19

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 20

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 21

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 22

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 23

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 24

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 25

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 26

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 27

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 28

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 29

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 30

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 31

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

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Footnote 32

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 33

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 35

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 36

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 38

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 39

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 40

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 41

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 42

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 43

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 44

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 45

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 46

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 47

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 48

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 49

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 50

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 51

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 52

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 53

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 54

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 55

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 56

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 58

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 59

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 60

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 61

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 62

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 63

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 64

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 65

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 66

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 67

Including loss.

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Footnote 68

For population with income.

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Footnote 69

For population with income.

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Footnote 70

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 71

Including loss.

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Footnote 72

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 73

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 74

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 75

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

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Footnote 76

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

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Footnote 77

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

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Footnote 78

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 79

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

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Footnote 80

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

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Footnote 81

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

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Footnote 82

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

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Footnote 83

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

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Footnote 84

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 85

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

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Footnote 86

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

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Footnote 87

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

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Footnote 88

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

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Footnote 89

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

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Footnote 90

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

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Footnote 91

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 92

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011036.

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