Markham--Thornhill (Federal electoral district, 2013 Representation Order) GNR=23.9 Topic Characteristics Note Total Flag_Total Male Flag_Male Female Flag_Female Citizenship Total population in private households by citizenship 1 102385 50860 51525 Citizenship Canadian citizens 89280 44590 44690 Citizenship Canadian citizens aged under 18 19205 9995 9205 Citizenship Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 70080 34590 35485 Citizenship Not Canadian citizens 2 13100 6270 6830 Immigrant status and period of immigration Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration 3 102380 50860 51520 Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants 4 34585 18040 16545 Immigrant status and period of immigration Immigrants 5 66140 32070 34070 Immigrant status and period of immigration Before 1971 4510 2330 2180 Immigrant status and period of immigration 1971 to 1980 9145 4390 4760 Immigrant status and period of immigration 1981 to 1990 13365 6540 6825 Immigrant status and period of immigration 1991 to 2000 21290 10250 11035 Immigrant status and period of immigration 2001 to 2011 6 17830 8560 9270 Immigrant status and period of immigration 2001 to 2005 9940 4790 5145 Immigrant status and period of immigration 2006 to 2011 6 7895 3770 4125 Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-permanent residents 7 1655 750 905 Age at immigration Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration 8 66140 32070 34070 Age at immigration Under 5 years 4685 2565 2120 Age at immigration 5 to 14 years 8960 4845 4110 Age at immigration 15 to 24 years 15200 6590 8620 Age at immigration 25 to 44 years 28665 14045 14620 Age at immigration 45 years and over 8625 4025 4600 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth 9 102380 50860 51525 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Non-immigrants 10 34585 18040 16545 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Born in province of residence 32040 16755 15285 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Born outside province of residence 2540 1285 1260 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Immigrants 11 66140 32070 34070 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Americas 6125 2815 3305 Immigrant status and selected places of birth United States 630 340 290 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Jamaica 1775 695 1080 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Guyana 1735 825 910 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Haiti 0 0 0 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Mexico 70 35 30 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Trinidad and Tobago 865 420 455 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Colombia 75 40 35 Immigrant status and selected places of birth El Salvador 0 0 0 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Peru 115 55 60 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Chile 25 20 0 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Other places of birth in Americas 805 370 440 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Europe 4470 2410 2065 Immigrant status and selected places of birth United Kingdom 12 715 395 320 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Italy 805 455 355 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Germany 170 50 115 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Poland 190 105 85 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Portugal 170 80 95 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Netherlands 55 35 20 Immigrant status and selected places of birth France 80 45 40 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Romania 375 200 170 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Russian Federation 155 75 75 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Greece 700 360 345 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Ukraine 140 75 70 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Croatia 25 0 15 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Hungary 95 40 55 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Bosnia and Herzegovina 85 70 0 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Serbia 50 20 30 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Ireland; Republic of 65 35 30 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Other places of birth in Europe 585 360 225 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Africa 3525 1705 1820 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Morocco 50 25 25 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Algeria 0 0 0 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Egypt 335 155 180 Immigrant status and selected places of birth South Africa; Republic of 965 430 530 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Nigeria 230 120 105 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Ethiopia 15 0 15 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Kenya 415 175 240 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Other places of birth in Africa 1510 790 725 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Asia 51950 25110 26840 Immigrant status and selected places of birth India 7680 3735 3950 Immigrant status and selected places of birth China 13 16445 7910 8540 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Philippines 2315 985 1335 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 6455 3105 3350 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Viet Nam 14 1240 590 650 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Pakistan 2845 1435 1410 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Sri Lanka 8270 4075 4195 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Iran 15 2035 955 1075 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Korea; South 16 915 450 460 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Lebanon 160 85 75 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Taiwan 525 255 270 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Iraq 260 135 125 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Bangladesh 195 85 110 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Afghanistan 225 115 105 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Japan 80 40 40 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Turkey 185 95 90 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Other places of birth in Asia 2110 1055 1050 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Oceania and other 17 75 30 45 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Fiji 30 20 0 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Other places of birth 18 45 0 35 Immigrant status and selected places of birth Non-permanent residents 19 1660 755 905 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birth 20 7895 3770 4125 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Americas 405 180 225 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth United States 110 65 40 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Mexico 0 0 10 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Cuba 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Haiti 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Jamaica 80 30 55 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Brazil 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Colombia 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Guyana 55 0 45 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Peru 25 0 20 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Venezuela 21 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Other places of birth in Americas 120 60 55 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Europe 275 150 125 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth France 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Germany 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Poland 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Romania 85 65 25 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Moldova 22 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Russian Federation 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Ukraine 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth United Kingdom 12 30 0 20 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Other places of birth in Europe 90 65 25 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Africa 345 185 155 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Nigeria 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Ethiopia 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Mauritius 45 25 15 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Somalia 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Algeria 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Egypt 105 55 50 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Morocco 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Tunisia 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Cameroon 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Congo; The Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth South Africa; Republic of 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Other places of birth in Africa 160 85 75 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Asia 6870 3255 3620 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Philippines 280 85 195 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth China 13 3340 1615 1720 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth India 940 440 495 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Pakistan 265 140 125 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Iran 15 380 185 195 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth South Korea 16 115 50 65 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Sri Lanka 1105 500 605 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Iraq 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Bangladesh 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Lebanon 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Viet Nam 14 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Taiwan 115 70 45 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Afghanistan 10 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Japan 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Turkey 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Israel 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Nepal 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 120 35 85 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth United Arab Emirates 20 10 10 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Syria 23 0 0 0 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Other places of birth in Asia 95 45 45 Recent immigrants by selected place of birth Oceania and other 17 0 0 0 Generation status Total population in private households by generation status 24 102385 50860 51520 Generation status First generation 25 67990 32940 35045 Generation status Second generation 26 27995 14740 13255 Generation status Third generation or more 27 6400 3180 3225 Visible minority population Total population in private households by visible minority 102385 50860 51525 Visible minority population Total visible minority population 28 83965 41475 42480 Visible minority population South Asian 29 31550 15810 15745 Visible minority population Chinese 36050 17865 18185 Visible minority population Black 4225 2010 2215 Visible minority population Filipino 3055 1330 1725 Visible minority population Latin American 470 245 225 Visible minority population Arab 980 550 425 Visible minority population Southeast Asian 30 1110 590 525 Visible minority population West Asian 31 2320 1155 1170 Visible minority population Korean 1210 565 650 Visible minority population Japanese 200 110 90 Visible minority population Visible minority; n.i.e. 32 1050 495 555 Visible minority population Multiple visible minorities 33 1720 760 960 Visible minority population Not a visible minority 34 18420 9385 9040 Ethnic origin population Total population in private households by ethnic origins 35 102380 50860 51520 Ethnic origin population North American Aboriginal origins 145 85 60 Ethnic origin population First Nations (North American Indian) 85 55 35 Ethnic origin population Inuit 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Métis 50 20 30 Ethnic origin population Other North American origins 6245 3345 2905 Ethnic origin population Acadian 15 0 0 Ethnic origin population American 430 215 210 Ethnic origin population Canadian 5980 3180 2795 Ethnic origin population New Brunswicker 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Newfoundlander 25 15 0 Ethnic origin population Nova Scotian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Ontarian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Québécois 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Other North American origins; n.i.e. 36 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population European origins 18230 9140 9085 Ethnic origin population British Isles origins 5515 2790 2730 Ethnic origin population Channel Islander 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Cornish 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population English 3115 1585 1530 Ethnic origin population Irish 1900 1000 900 Ethnic origin population Manx 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Scottish 2115 1060 1060 Ethnic origin population Welsh 205 120 85 Ethnic origin population British Isles origins; n.i.e. 37 460 205 255 Ethnic origin population French origins 1010 555 450 Ethnic origin population Alsatian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Breton 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population French 1005 555 445 Ethnic origin population Western European origins (except French origins) 1830 945 885 Ethnic origin population Austrian 200 95 110 Ethnic origin population Belgian 25 15 10 Ethnic origin population Dutch 520 265 250 Ethnic origin population Flemish 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Frisian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population German 1095 520 575 Ethnic origin population Luxembourger 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Swiss 105 75 30 Ethnic origin population Western European origins; n.i.e. 38 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 195 110 80 Ethnic origin population Danish 80 55 20 Ethnic origin population Finnish 50 25 25 Ethnic origin population Icelandic 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Norwegian 40 25 0 Ethnic origin population Swedish 25 0 25 Ethnic origin population Northern European origins; n.i.e. 39 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Eastern European origins 4445 2190 2250 Ethnic origin population Bulgarian 80 40 35 Ethnic origin population Byelorussian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Czech 65 40 30 Ethnic origin population Czechoslovakian; n.o.s. 45 25 0 Ethnic origin population Estonian 30 0 25 Ethnic origin population Hungarian 285 125 160 Ethnic origin population Latvian 70 45 20 Ethnic origin population Lithuanian 275 125 155 Ethnic origin population Moldovan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Polish 2075 1025 1045 Ethnic origin population Romanian 595 305 290 Ethnic origin population Russian 1765 825 935 Ethnic origin population Slovak 35 15 20 Ethnic origin population Ukrainian 350 185 160 Ethnic origin population Eastern European origins; n.i.e. 40 90 45 45 Ethnic origin population Southern European origins 6855 3495 3365 Ethnic origin population Albanian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Bosnian 60 45 0 Ethnic origin population Croatian 135 65 70 Ethnic origin population Cypriot 75 35 35 Ethnic origin population Greek 1440 795 645 Ethnic origin population Italian 2700 1375 1330 Ethnic origin population Kosovar 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Macedonian 425 220 205 Ethnic origin population Maltese 60 30 30 Ethnic origin population Montenegrin 20 0 0 Ethnic origin population Portuguese 1215 610 600 Ethnic origin population Serbian 140 85 55 Ethnic origin population Sicilian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Slovenian 120 70 45 Ethnic origin population Spanish 905 385 525 Ethnic origin population Yugoslavian; n.o.s. 60 35 20 Ethnic origin population Southern European origins; n.i.e. 41 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Other European origins 3550 1795 1755 Ethnic origin population Basque 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Jewish 3495 1765 1730 Ethnic origin population Roma (Gypsy) 45 20 25 Ethnic origin population Slavic; n.o.s. 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Other European origins; n.i.e. 42 45 20 25 Ethnic origin population Caribbean origins 4170 1890 2280 Ethnic origin population Antiguan 35 20 25 Ethnic origin population Bahamian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Barbadian 330 145 180 Ethnic origin population Bermudan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Carib 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Cuban 15 0 0 Ethnic origin population Dominican 35 25 0 Ethnic origin population Grenadian 125 75 50 Ethnic origin population Haitian 35 15 25 Ethnic origin population Jamaican 2530 1100 1430 Ethnic origin population Kittitian/Nevisian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Martinican 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Montserratan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Puerto Rican 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population St. Lucian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Trinidadian/Tobagonian 475 215 265 Ethnic origin population Vincentian/Grenadinian 85 45 45 Ethnic origin population West Indian; n.o.s. 595 315 280 Ethnic origin population Caribbean origins; n.i.e. 43 115 35 80 Ethnic origin population Latin; Central and South American origins 1755 870 885 Ethnic origin population Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Maya) 35 0 20 Ethnic origin population Argentinian 15 0 0 Ethnic origin population Belizean 45 0 0 Ethnic origin population Bolivian 10 0 0 Ethnic origin population Brazilian 30 15 20 Ethnic origin population Chilean 15 0 0 Ethnic origin population Colombian 115 65 50 Ethnic origin population Costa Rican 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Ecuadorian 25 20 0 Ethnic origin population Guatemalan 20 10 0 Ethnic origin population Guyanese 1210 595 615 Ethnic origin population Hispanic 15 0 0 Ethnic origin population Honduran 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Maya 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Mexican 90 45 45 Ethnic origin population Nicaraguan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Panamanian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Paraguayan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Peruvian 50 20 30 Ethnic origin population Salvadorean 15 15 0 Ethnic origin population Uruguayan 35 0 0 Ethnic origin population Venezuelan 35 0 20 Ethnic origin population Latin; Central and South American origins; n.i.e. 44 35 0 0 Ethnic origin population African origins 2680 1385 1295 Ethnic origin population Central and West African origins 405 220 190 Ethnic origin population Akan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Angolan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Ashanti 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Beninese 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Burkinabe 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Cameroonian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Chadian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Congolese 80 50 30 Ethnic origin population Gabonese 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Gambian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Ghanaian 95 45 50 Ethnic origin population Guinean 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Ibo 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Ivorian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Liberian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Malian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Nigerian 215 125 85 Ethnic origin population Peulh 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Senegalese 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Sierra Leonean 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Togolese 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Yoruba 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Central and West African origins; n.i.e. 45 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population North African origins 730 385 345 Ethnic origin population Algerian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Berber 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Coptic 15 0 0 Ethnic origin population Dinka 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Egyptian 505 270 235 Ethnic origin population Libyan 20 15 0 Ethnic origin population Maure 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Moroccan 85 50 35 Ethnic origin population Sudanese 130 60 70 Ethnic origin population Tunisian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population North African origins; n.i.e. 46 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Southern and East African origins 750 390 360 Ethnic origin population Afrikaner 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Amhara 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Bantu; n.o.s. 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Burundian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Eritrean 25 15 10 Ethnic origin population Ethiopian 10 0 0 Ethnic origin population Harari 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Kenyan 65 20 35 Ethnic origin population Malagasy 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Mauritian 30 0 0 Ethnic origin population Oromo 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Rwandan 30 0 0 Ethnic origin population Seychellois 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Somali 70 0 50 Ethnic origin population South African 355 185 175 Ethnic origin population Tanzanian 85 50 30 Ethnic origin population Tigrian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Ugandan 40 40 0 Ethnic origin population Zambian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Zimbabwean 20 0 0 Ethnic origin population Zulu 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Southern and East African origins; n.i.e. 47 95 60 35 Ethnic origin population Other African origins 890 440 450 Ethnic origin population Black; n.o.s. 48 140 65 75 Ethnic origin population Other African origins; n.i.e. 49 750 375 375 Ethnic origin population Asian origins 78695 38850 39845 Ethnic origin population West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 4760 2365 2390 Ethnic origin population Afghan 390 185 205 Ethnic origin population Arab; n.o.s. 130 70 55 Ethnic origin population Armenian 785 415 370 Ethnic origin population Assyrian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Azerbaijani 25 10 0 Ethnic origin population Georgian 20 15 0 Ethnic origin population Iranian 2490 1245 1240 Ethnic origin population Iraqi 240 150 90 Ethnic origin population Israeli 170 55 115 Ethnic origin population Jordanian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Kazakh 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Kurd 30 0 20 Ethnic origin population Kuwaiti 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Lebanese 185 120 65 Ethnic origin population Palestinian 85 55 25 Ethnic origin population Pashtun 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Saudi Arabian 40 25 15 Ethnic origin population Syrian 125 40 85 Ethnic origin population Tajik 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Tatar 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Turk 185 105 85 Ethnic origin population Uighur 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Uzbek 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Yemeni 10 0 0 Ethnic origin population West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins; n.i.e. 50 140 40 95 Ethnic origin population South Asian origins 31665 15725 15940 Ethnic origin population Bangladeshi 155 80 75 Ethnic origin population Bengali 105 45 55 Ethnic origin population East Indian 48 17240 8585 8650 Ethnic origin population Goan 115 40 70 Ethnic origin population Gujarati 170 75 95 Ethnic origin population Kashmiri 40 20 25 Ethnic origin population Nepali 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Pakistani 2670 1355 1315 Ethnic origin population Punjabi 635 355 285 Ethnic origin population Sinhalese 120 80 40 Ethnic origin population Sri Lankan 8600 4165 4440 Ethnic origin population Tamil 3815 1885 1925 Ethnic origin population South Asian origins; n.i.e. 51 1110 585 525 Ethnic origin population East and Southeast Asian origins 42500 20840 21665 Ethnic origin population Burmese 65 30 35 Ethnic origin population Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Chinese 37290 18415 18875 Ethnic origin population Filipino 3295 1420 1870 Ethnic origin population Hmong 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Indonesian 65 35 30 Ethnic origin population Japanese 325 175 150 Ethnic origin population Korean 1245 570 675 Ethnic origin population Laotian 25 0 15 Ethnic origin population Malaysian 160 100 65 Ethnic origin population Mongolian 35 0 25 Ethnic origin population Singaporean 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Taiwanese 210 125 80 Ethnic origin population Thai 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Tibetan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Vietnamese 980 470 510 Ethnic origin population East and Southeast Asian origins; n.i.e. 52 210 110 95 Ethnic origin population Other Asian origins 300 165 140 Ethnic origin population Other Asian origins; n.i.e. 53 305 165 135 Ethnic origin population Oceania origins 10 0 10 Ethnic origin population Australian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population New Zealander 15 0 10 Ethnic origin population Pacific Islands origins 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Fijian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Hawaiian 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Maori 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Polynesian; n.o.s. 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Samoan 0 0 0 Ethnic origin population Pacific Islands origins; n.i.e. 54 0 0 0 Religion Total population in private households by religion 55 102380 50860 51520 Religion Buddhist 5640 2530 3115 Religion Christian 34150 16385 17770 Religion Anglican 1440 670 775 Religion Baptist 1390 605 790 Religion Catholic 17770 8570 9205 Religion Christian Orthodox 2640 1435 1205 Religion Lutheran 185 105 80 Religion Pentecostal 1665 755 910 Religion Presbyterian 865 385 480 Religion United Church 1055 520 530 Religion Other Christian 7135 3340 3795 Religion Hindu 17165 8570 8590 Religion Jewish 5030 2420 2615 Religion Muslim 10650 5405 5250 Religion Sikh 2785 1465 1325 Religion Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality 20 15 0 Religion Other religions 665 290 375 Religion No religious affiliation 26275 13790 12480 Aboriginal population Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity 102385 50865 51520 Aboriginal population Aboriginal identity 56 100 80 20 Aboriginal population First Nations (North American Indian) single identity 57 65 55 10 Aboriginal population Métis single identity 25 20 0 Aboriginal population Inuk (Inuit) single identity 0 0 0 Aboriginal population Multiple Aboriginal identities 58 0 0 0 Aboriginal population Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere 59 0 0 0 Aboriginal population Non-Aboriginal identity 102285 50780 51505 Aboriginal population Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status 57 102385 50860 51525 Aboriginal population Registered or Treaty Indian 60 0 0 0 Aboriginal population Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 102370 50855 51520 Aboriginal population Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestry 61 102380 50860 51525 Aboriginal population Aboriginal ancestry 62 145 85 60 Aboriginal population First Nations (North American Indian) Aboriginal ancestry 57 85 50 30 Aboriginal population Métis ancestry 45 20 30 Aboriginal population Inuit ancestry 0 0 0 Aboriginal population Non-Aboriginal ancestry only 63 102240 50780 51465 Non-official languages spoken Total population in private households by non-official languages spoken 64 75400 36915 38490 Non-official languages spoken Aboriginal languages 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Algonquin 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Atikamekw 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Blackfoot 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Cree languages 65 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Innu/Montagnais 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Ojibway 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Oji-Cree 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Carrier 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Dene 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Slavey; n.o.s. 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Stoney 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Inuktitut 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Other Aboriginal languages 66 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Non-Aboriginal languages 75400 36915 38485 Non-official languages spoken Italian 1325 660 670 Non-official languages spoken Portuguese 380 180 195 Non-official languages spoken Romanian 365 200 165 Non-official languages spoken Spanish 1095 545 550 Non-official languages spoken Dutch 110 55 50 Non-official languages spoken Flemish 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken German 370 185 185 Non-official languages spoken Yiddish 255 140 115 Non-official languages spoken Danish 40 20 20 Non-official languages spoken Norwegian 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Swedish 60 30 35 Non-official languages spoken Afrikaans 320 160 160 Non-official languages spoken Gaelic languages 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Bosnian 25 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Bulgarian 60 30 30 Non-official languages spoken Croatian 95 45 45 Non-official languages spoken Czech 30 15 0 Non-official languages spoken Macedonian 395 180 205 Non-official languages spoken Polish 180 110 75 Non-official languages spoken Russian 445 250 200 Non-official languages spoken Serbian 100 65 40 Non-official languages spoken Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Slovak 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Slovenian 80 50 30 Non-official languages spoken Ukrainian 105 60 50 Non-official languages spoken Latvian 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Lithuanian 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Greek 1020 545 475 Non-official languages spoken Armenian 685 335 350 Non-official languages spoken Albanian 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Estonian 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Finnish 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Hungarian 150 60 90 Non-official languages spoken Turkish 270 130 140 Non-official languages spoken Berber languages (Kabyle) 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Oromo 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Somali 55 0 40 Non-official languages spoken Amharic 10 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Arabic 1230 670 560 Non-official languages spoken Hebrew 545 305 240 Non-official languages spoken Maltese 15 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Tigrigna 25 15 15 Non-official languages spoken Semitic languages; n.i.e. 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Bengali 410 220 195 Non-official languages spoken Gujarati 4105 1940 2170 Non-official languages spoken Hindi 5070 2410 2665 Non-official languages spoken Konkani 85 40 50 Non-official languages spoken Marathi 105 60 45 Non-official languages spoken Panjabi (Punjabi) 4275 2205 2065 Non-official languages spoken Sindhi 370 180 190 Non-official languages spoken Sinhala (Sinhalese) 560 295 265 Non-official languages spoken Urdu 4860 2395 2465 Non-official languages spoken Nepali 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Kurdish 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Pashto 150 75 75 Non-official languages spoken Persian (Farsi) 2795 1330 1465 Non-official languages spoken Indo-Iranian languages; n.i.e. 145 75 75 Non-official languages spoken Kannada 25 15 0 Non-official languages spoken Malayalam 290 170 130 Non-official languages spoken Tamil 11910 5845 6060 Non-official languages spoken Telugu 60 30 30 Non-official languages spoken Japanese 205 100 105 Non-official languages spoken Korean 1130 530 605 Non-official languages spoken Cantonese 17715 8525 9190 Non-official languages spoken Fukien 195 100 95 Non-official languages spoken Hakka 895 440 455 Non-official languages spoken Mandarin 8565 4175 4390 Non-official languages spoken Taiwanese 140 60 75 Non-official languages spoken Chinese; n.o.s. 9725 4810 4920 Non-official languages spoken Lao 25 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Thai 35 0 25 Non-official languages spoken Khmer (Cambodian) 60 0 35 Non-official languages spoken Vietnamese 665 340 325 Non-official languages spoken Bisayan languages 75 25 50 Non-official languages spoken Ilocano 85 45 45 Non-official languages spoken Malay 205 100 100 Non-official languages spoken Tagalog (Pilipino;Filipino) 2240 930 1315 Non-official languages spoken Akan (Twi) 35 0 30 Non-official languages spoken Lingala 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) 30 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Swahili 245 140 110 Non-official languages spoken Bantu languages; n.i.e. 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Niger-Congo languages; n.i.e. 145 80 60 Non-official languages spoken African languages; n.i.e. 0 0 0 Non-official languages spoken Creoles 150 70 80 Non-official languages spoken Other non-Aboriginal languages 67 405 205 205 Mobility Total - Mobility status 1 year ago 68 101495 50355 51140 Mobility Non-movers 93680 46405 47275 Mobility Movers 7810 3940 3870 Mobility Non-migrants 3585 1865 1720 Mobility Migrants 4230 2080 2150 Mobility Internal migrants 2625 1340 1285 Mobility Intraprovincial migrants 2470 1265 1210 Mobility Interprovincial migrants 150 75 75 Mobility External migrants 1605 740 865 Mobility Total - Mobility status 5 years ago 69 97390 48335 49050 Mobility Non-movers 67435 33300 34135 Mobility Movers 29955 15040 14915 Mobility Non-migrants 12915 6615 6305 Mobility Migrants 17040 8425 8610 Mobility Internal migrants 10595 5405 5190 Mobility Intraprovincial migrants 10300 5260 5040 Mobility Interprovincial migrants 290 145 150 Mobility External migrants 6445 3020 3425 Education Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate; diploma or degree 70 86010 42315 43695 Education No certificate; diploma or degree 17850 8195 9655 Education High school diploma or equivalent 71 23150 11455 11695 Education Postsecondary certificate; diploma or degree 72 45000 22660 22335 Education Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 73 3780 2350 1430 Education College; CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 11440 5165 6275 Education University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 74 5430 2640 2795 Education University certificate; diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 24345 12510 11840 Education Bachelor's degree 15795 7865 7930 Education University certificate; diploma or degree above bachelor level 75 8550 4645 3910 Education Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate; diploma or degree 70 58105 27960 30145 Education No certificate; diploma or degree 9175 4135 5045 Education High school diploma or equivalent 71 13400 6285 7115 Education Postsecondary certificate; diploma or degree 72 35525 17535 17985 Education Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 73 2780 1675 1110 Education College; CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 9015 3940 5085 Education University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 74 4100 1895 2205 Education University certificate; diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 19625 10035 9590 Education Bachelor's degree 12450 6165 6280 Education University certificate; diploma or degree above bachelor level 75 7180 3870 3310 Education Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011 76 86010 42310 43695 Education No postsecondary certificate; diploma or degree 77 41010 19650 21355 Education Education 2485 460 2020 Education Visual and performing arts; and communications technologies 1385 615 765 Education Humanities 2965 1030 1940 Education Social and behavioural sciences and law 4665 1840 2825 Education Business; management and public administration 12085 5670 6420 Education Physical and life sciences and technologies 2870 1360 1505 Education Mathematics; computer and information sciences 3430 2150 1280 Education Architecture; engineering; and related technologies 8510 7525 985 Education Agriculture; natural resources and conservation 230 135 100 Education Health and related fields 78 5120 1260 3860 Education Personal; protective and transportation services 1265 620 645 Education Other fields of study 79 0 0 0 Education Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence 80 86005 42310 43690 Education No postsecondary certificate; diploma or degree 41005 19650 21360 Education With postsecondary certificate; diploma or degree 45000 22665 22335 Education Location of study inside Canada 27515 13800 13720 Education Same as province or territory of residence 25940 13110 12825 Education Another province or territory 1580 685 895 Education Location of study outside Canada 17480 8865 8620 Language used most often at work Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work 81 57445 30135 27310 Language used most often at work Single responses 55455 29165 26285 Language used most often at work English 49345 25850 23490 Language used most often at work French 80 20 60 Language used most often at work Non-official languages 6030 3300 2730 Language used most often at work Chinese; n.o.s. 2390 1330 1060 Language used most often at work Cantonese 2175 1215 955 Language used most often at work Panjabi (Punjabi) 30 0 0 Language used most often at work Mandarin 890 490 390 Language used most often at work Spanish 20 0 0 Language used most often at work Korean 65 35 35 Language used most often at work German 0 0 0 Language used most often at work Cree languages 82 0 0 0 Language used most often at work Portuguese 0 0 0 Language used most often at work Inuktitut 0 0 0 Language used most often at work Other languages 470 210 265 Language used most often at work Multiple responses 1995 965 1025 Language used most often at work English and French 160 70 90 Language used most often at work English and non-official language 1825 890 935 Language used most often at work French and non-official language 0 0 0 Language used most often at work English; French and non-official language 0 0 0 Language used most often at work Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work 81 57450 30140 27310 Language used most often at work English 49345 25850 23490 Language used most often at work French 80 20 60 Language used most often at work Non-official language 6030 3295 2730 Language used most often at work Aboriginal 0 0 0 Language used most often at work Non-Aboriginal 6030 3300 2735 Language used most often at work English and French 160 70 90 Language used most often at work English and non-official language 1825 890 935 Language used most often at work French and non-official language 0 0 0 Language used most often at work English; French and non-official language 0 0 0 Labour force status Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status 83 86005 42315 43695 Labour force status In the labour force 54125 28655 25470 Labour force status Employed 49100 26110 22995 Labour force status Unemployed 5025 2545 2475 Labour force status Not in the labour force 31885 13660 18225 Labour force status Participation rate 62.9 67.7 58.3 Labour force status Employment rate 57.1 61.7 52.6 Labour force status Unemployment rate 9.3 8.9 9.7 Class of worker Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker 84 54120 28655 25470 Class of worker Class of worker - not applicable 85 1995 1020 970 Class of worker All classes of worker 86 52130 27630 24495 Class of worker Employee 45670 23330 22335 Class of worker Self-employed 87 6460 4300 2160 Occupation Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011 88 54120 28655 25470 Occupation Occupation - not applicable 89 1995 1025 970 Occupation All occupations 86 52125 27630 24495 Occupation 0 Management occupations 5530 3550 1980 Occupation 1 Business; finance and administration occupations 10465 3830 6630 Occupation 2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 5445 4165 1280 Occupation 3 Health occupations 2430 675 1750 Occupation 4 Occupations in education; law and social; community and government services 4480 1455 3030 Occupation 5 Occupations in art; culture; recreation and sport 1455 660 790 Occupation 6 Sales and service occupations 13595 7125 6470 Occupation 7 Trades; transport and equipment operators and related occupations 4235 3845 390 Occupation 8 Natural resources; agriculture and related production occupations 250 190 60 Occupation 9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 4250 2130 2120 Industry Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007 90 54125 28655 25470 Industry Industry - not applicable 89 1995 1025 970 Industry All industries 86 52130 27630 24495 Industry 11 Agriculture; forestry; fishing and hunting 85 65 20 Industry 21 Mining; quarrying; and oil and gas extraction 20 0 10 Industry 22 Utilities 325 235 95 Industry 23 Construction 1895 1610 285 Industry 31-33 Manufacturing 6840 4000 2840 Industry 41 Wholesale trade 3650 2285 1370 Industry 44-45 Retail trade 5945 2980 2970 Industry 48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1900 1540 365 Industry 51 Information and cultural industries 1745 1025 720 Industry 52 Finance and insurance 4325 2065 2265 Industry 53 Real estate and rental and leasing 1310 660 650 Industry 54 Professional; scientific and technical services 5180 3060 2125 Industry 55 Management of companies and enterprises 70 30 45 Industry 56 Administrative and support; waste management and remediation services 2485 1385 1095 Industry 61 Educational services 2990 965 2020 Industry 62 Health care and social assistance 4415 935 3480 Industry 71 Arts; entertainment and recreation 560 250 310 Industry 72 Accommodation and food services 4510 2605 1900 Industry 81 Other services (except public administration) 2130 1020 1115 Industry 91 Public administration 1740 910 825 Work activity Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010 91 54125 28650 25470 Work activity Did not work in 2010 92 4095 2145 1945 Work activity Worked in 2010 50030 26505 23525 Work activity 1 to 13 weeks 2700 1325 1380 Work activity 14 to 26 weeks 4095 2015 2080 Work activity 27 to 39 weeks 3250 1675 1570 Work activity 40 to 48 weeks 9785 5020 4760 Work activity 49 to 52 weeks 30195 16465 13730 Work activity Average weeks worked in 2010 44.1 44.6 43.6 Full-time or part-time weeks worked Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010 93 54120 28655 25470 Full-time or part-time weeks worked Did not work in 2010 92 4090 2145 1945 Full-time or part-time weeks worked Worked in 2010 50030 26510 23520 Full-time or part-time weeks worked Worked full-time in 2010 40105 22520 17585 Full-time or part-time weeks worked Worked part-time in 2010 9925 3990 5935 Place of work status Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work status 94 49100 26110 22990 Place of work status Worked at home 3055 1435 1615 Place of work status Worked outside Canada 300 195 105 Place of work status No fixed workplace address 5215 3710 1510 Place of work status Worked at usual place 40535 20770 19760 Mode of transportation Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation 95 45750 24480 21270 Mode of transportation Car; truck or van - as a driver 32260 19240 13015 Mode of transportation Car; truck or van - as a passenger 3980 1175 2810 Mode of transportation Public transit 8360 3565 4795 Mode of transportation Walked 660 260 410 Mode of transportation Bicycle 100 85 0 Mode of transportation Other methods 390 155 235 Median commuting duration Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by median commuting duration 96 45745 24475 21270 Median commuting duration Median commuting duration 30.3 30.5 30.0 Time leaving for work Total employed population aged 15 years and over by time leaving for work 97 45745 24480 21270 Time leaving for work Between 5 and 6:59 a.m. 7725 4885 2840 Time leaving for work Between 7 and 9:00 a.m. 27345 13765 13575 Time leaving for work Anytime after 9:00 a.m. 10675 5825 4850 Occupied private dwelling characteristics Total number of occupied private dwellings by condition of dwelling 98 27975 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed 26855 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics Major repairs needed 1125 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics Total number of occupied private dwellings by period of construction 99 27975 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 1960 or before 235 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 1961 to 1980 6110 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 1981 to 1990 10115 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 1991 to 2000 7055 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 2001 to 2005 2915 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 2006 to 2011 100 1550 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics Total number of occupied private dwellings by number of rooms 101 27975 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 1 to 4 rooms 4790 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 5 rooms 3535 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 6 rooms 3840 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 7 rooms 4240 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 8 or more rooms 11565 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics Average number of rooms per dwelling 7.0 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics Total number of occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms 102 27975 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 0 to 1 bedroom 1280 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 2 bedrooms 2960 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 3 bedrooms 8035 ... ... Occupied private dwelling characteristics 4 or more bedrooms 15700 ... ... Household characteristics Total number of private households by tenure 103 27970 ... ... Household characteristics Owner 24765 ... ... Household characteristics Renter 3210 ... ... Household characteristics Band housing 0 ... ... Household characteristics Total number of private households by condominium status 104 27975 ... ... Household characteristics Part of a condominium development 3480 ... ... Household characteristics Not part of a condominium development 24495 ... ... Household characteristics Total number of private households by number of household maintainers 105 27970 ... ... Household characteristics 1 household maintainer 13615 ... ... Household characteristics 2 household maintainers 12630 ... ... Household characteristics 3 or more household maintainers 1730 ... ... Household characteristics Total number of private households by age group of primary household maintainers 106 27975 ... ... Household characteristics Under 25 years 345 ... ... Household characteristics 25 to 34 years 1885 ... ... Household characteristics 35 to 44 years 5110 ... ... Household characteristics 45 to 54 years 8055 ... ... Household characteristics 55 to 64 years 7335 ... ... Household characteristics 65 to 74 years 3585 ... ... Household characteristics 75 years and over 1660 ... ... Household characteristics Total number of private households by number of persons per room 107 27975 ... ... Household characteristics One person or fewer per room 25835 ... ... Household characteristics More than one person per room 2140 ... ... Household characteristics Total number of private households by housing suitability 108 27970 ... ... Household characteristics Suitable 24385 ... ... Household characteristics Not suitable 3585 ... ... Shelter costs Total number of owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero; in non-farm; non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio 109 27955 ... ... Shelter costs Spending less than 30% of household total income on shelter costs 19315 ... ... Shelter costs Spending 30% or more of household total income on shelter costs 8640 ... ... Shelter costs Spending 30% to less than 100% of household total income on shelter costs 7035 ... ... Shelter costs Number of owner households in non-farm; non-reserve private dwellings 24765 ... ... Shelter costs % of owner households with a mortgage 110 57.6 ... ... Shelter costs % of owner households spending 30% or more of household total income on shelter costs 111 29.2 ... ... Shelter costs Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($) 112 1399 ... ... Shelter costs Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($) 112 1461 ... ... Shelter costs Median value of dwellings ($) 113 499749 ... ... Shelter costs Average value of dwellings ($) 113 529897 ... ... Shelter costs Number of tenant households in non-farm; non-reserve private dwellings 3210 ... ... Shelter costs % of tenant households in subsidized housing 114 9.2 ... ... Shelter costs % of tenant households spending 30% or more of household total income on shelter costs 115 44.0 ... ... Shelter costs Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($) 116 850 ... ... Shelter costs Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($) 116 1050 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over 117 86005 42310 43690 Income of individuals in 2010 Without income 6505 2940 3565 Income of individuals in 2010 With income 79500 39375 40130 Income of individuals in 2010 Under $5;000 118 12645 6485 6160 Income of individuals in 2010 $5;000 to $9;999 6850 2785 4065 Income of individuals in 2010 $10;000 to $14;999 8675 3685 4995 Income of individuals in 2010 $15;000 to $19;999 8280 3830 4450 Income of individuals in 2010 $20;000 to $29;999 10465 5080 5385 Income of individuals in 2010 $30;000 to $39;999 8315 4065 4250 Income of individuals in 2010 $40;000 to $49;999 6065 2980 3090 Income of individuals in 2010 $50;000 to $59;999 4700 2445 2255 Income of individuals in 2010 $60;000 to $79;999 5945 3170 2770 Income of individuals in 2010 $80;000 to $99;999 3475 2070 1405 Income of individuals in 2010 $100;000 and over 4090 2785 1310 Income of individuals in 2010 $100;000 to $124;999 1770 1090 675 Income of individuals in 2010 $125;000 and over 2325 1695 630 Income of individuals in 2010 Median income ($) 119 22619 24673 20435 Income of individuals in 2010 Average income ($) 119 35775 40602 31038 Income of individuals in 2010 After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over 120 86005 42315 43695 Income of individuals in 2010 Without after-tax income 6530 2940 3595 Income of individuals in 2010 With after-tax income 79475 39375 40105 Income of individuals in 2010 Under $5;000 121 12700 6500 6200 Income of individuals in 2010 $5;000 to $9;999 6945 2845 4100 Income of individuals in 2010 $10;000 to $14;999 8790 3735 5050 Income of individuals in 2010 $15;000 to $19;999 8860 4070 4790 Income of individuals in 2010 $20;000 to $29;999 11820 5735 6075 Income of individuals in 2010 $30;000 to $39;999 9365 4675 4690 Income of individuals in 2010 $40;000 to $49;999 7005 3510 3495 Income of individuals in 2010 $50;000 to $59;999 4330 2390 1940 Income of individuals in 2010 $60;000 to $79;999 5685 3215 2465 Income of individuals in 2010 $80;000 to $99;999 1950 1235 715 Income of individuals in 2010 $100;000 and over 2025 1455 570 Income of individuals in 2010 Median after-tax income ($) 122 21672 23533 19908 Income of individuals in 2010 Average after-tax income ($) 122 30334 33720 27009 Income of individuals in 2010 Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over (%) 123 100.0 100.0 100.0 Income of individuals in 2010 Market income (%) 124 87.8 90.5 84.3 Income of individuals in 2010 Employment income (%) 125 77.1 80.1 73.2 Income of individuals in 2010 Wages and salaries (%) 126 71.9 73.8 69.4 Income of individuals in 2010 Self-employment income (%) 127 5.3 6.4 3.8 Income of individuals in 2010 Investment income (%) 128 5.3 4.9 5.8 Income of individuals in 2010 Retirement pensions; superannuation and annuities (%) 129 3.6 3.7 3.4 Income of individuals in 2010 Other money income (%) 130 1.8 1.8 1.9 Income of individuals in 2010 Government transfer payments (%) 131 12.2 9.5 15.7 Income of individuals in 2010 Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (%) 132 2.2 2.2 2.3 Income of individuals in 2010 Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement (%) 133 3.0 2.3 3.8 Income of individuals in 2010 Employment Insurance benefits (%) 134 1.7 1.3 2.2 Income of individuals in 2010 Child benefits (%) 135 1.9 0.2 4.1 Income of individuals in 2010 Other income from government sources (%) 136 3.4 3.5 3.3 Income of individuals in 2010 Income taxes paid as a % of total income 137 15.2 17.0 13.0 Income of individuals in 2010 After-tax income as a % of total income 138 84.8 83.0 87.0 Income of individuals in 2010 Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income 139 0.7 0.5 1.0 Income of individuals in 2010 Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year; full time and with employment income in 2010 140 26790 15100 11690 Income of individuals in 2010 Median employment income in 2010 ($) 45180 48100 42062 Income of individuals in 2010 Average employment income in 2010 ($) 56896 62048 50241 Income of individuals in 2010 Family income in 2010 of economic families 141 26090 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median family income ($) 82123 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family income ($) 103328 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median after-tax family income ($) 73219 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average after-tax family income ($) 87531 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family size 3.7 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Couple-only economic families 142 4960 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median family income ($) 70118 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family income ($) 97566 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median after-tax family income ($) 63003 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average after-tax family income ($) 79484 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family size 2.0 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Couple-with-children economic families 143 16960 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median family income ($) 93003 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family income ($) 112707 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median after-tax family income ($) 83711 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average after-tax family income ($) 95875 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family size 4.4 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Lone-parent economic families 144 3105 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median family income ($) 51904 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family income ($) 67818 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Median after-tax family income ($) 49267 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average after-tax family income ($) 59626 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Average family size 3.0 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over not in economic families 145 4690 2185 2510 Income of individuals in 2010 Median total income ($) 146 21669 21396 22659 Income of individuals in 2010 Average total income ($) 146 31647 30455 32687 Income of individuals in 2010 Median after-tax income ($) 147 21239 20543 21529 Income of individuals in 2010 Average after-tax income ($) 147 27116 26086 28015 Income of individuals in 2010 Total population by decile of adjusted after-tax family income 148 102385 50860 51525 Income of individuals in 2010 In bottom half of the Canadian distribution 50720 24995 25725 Income of individuals in 2010 In bottom decile 10955 5390 5565 Income of individuals in 2010 In second decile 10575 5330 5245 Income of individuals in 2010 In third decile 9655 4740 4910 Income of individuals in 2010 In fourth decile 10550 5105 5445 Income of individuals in 2010 In fifth decile 8985 4425 4565 Income of individuals in 2010 In top half of the Canadian distribution 51665 25865 25800 Income of individuals in 2010 In sixth decile 9230 4610 4615 Income of individuals in 2010 In seventh decile 9230 4620 4605 Income of individuals in 2010 In eighth decile 10295 5165 5130 Income of individuals in 2010 In ninth decile 11370 5615 5750 Income of individuals in 2010 In top decile 11540 5850 5690 Income of households in 2010 Household total income in 2010 of private households 149 27975 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Under $5;000 580 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $5;000 to $9;999 380 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $10;000 to $14;999 550 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $15;000 to $19;999 875 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $20;000 to $29;999 1630 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $30;000 to $39;999 2025 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $40;000 to $49;999 1950 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $50;000 to $59;999 1865 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $60;000 to $79;999 3995 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $80;000 to $99;999 3345 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $100;000 to $124;999 3300 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $125;000 to $149;999 2310 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $150;000 and over 5165 ... ... Income of households in 2010 After-tax income of households in 2010 of private households 150 27975 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Under $5;000 585 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $5;000 to $9;999 380 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $10;000 to $14;999 560 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $15;000 to $19;999 910 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $20;000 to $29;999 1740 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $30;000 to $39;999 2245 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $40;000 to $49;999 2210 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $50;000 to $59;999 2395 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $60;000 to $79;999 4615 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $80;000 to $99;999 3525 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $100;000 and over 8810 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $100;000 to $124;999 3430 ... ... Income of households in 2010 $125;000 and over 5375 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Household income in 2010 of private households 151 27975 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Median household total income ($) 81168 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Average household total income ($) 101677 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Median after-tax household income ($) 72286 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Average after-tax household income ($) 86184 ... ... Income of households in 2010 One-person private households 152 2135 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Median household total income ($) 28907 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Average household total income ($) 43204 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Median after-tax household income ($) 27962 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Average after-tax household income ($) 36229 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Two-or-more-persons private households 152 25840 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Median household total income ($) 86405 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Average household total income ($) 106508 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Median after-tax household income ($) 76446 ... ... Income of households in 2010 Average after-tax household income ($) 90311 ... ... Income of individuals in 2010 Population in private households for income status 153 102385 50860 51520 Income of individuals in 2010 Less than 18 years 20955 10920 10035 Income of individuals in 2010 Less than 6 years 6075 3090 2980 Income of individuals in 2010 18 to 64 years 69335 34025 35315 Income of individuals in 2010 65 years and over 12095 5915 6180 Income of individuals in 2010 In low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT) 15595 7765 7835 Income of individuals in 2010 Less than 18 years 4165 2310 1855 Income of individuals in 2010 Less than 6 years 1020 545 475 Income of individuals in 2010 18 to 64 years 10320 4930 5390 Income of individuals in 2010 65 years and over 1110 525 595 Income of individuals in 2010 Prevalence of low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure (%) 15.2 15.3 15.2 Income of individuals in 2010 Less than 18 years (%) 19.9 21.2 18.5 Income of individuals in 2010 Less than 6 years (%) 16.8 17.6 15.9 Income of individuals in 2010 18 to 64 years (%) 14.9 14.5 15.3 Income of individuals in 2010 65 years and over (%) 9.2 8.9 9.6 Symbols: .. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act Notes: 1. Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless that is they may have no citizenship. 2. Includes persons who are stateless. 3. Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities. 4. Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth. 5. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10 2011. 6. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10 2011. 7. Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them. 8. Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities. 9. The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level. 10. Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth. 11. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10 2011. 12. The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland Wales England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories). 13. China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region. 14. The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. 15. The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran. 16. The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea. 17. The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere such as 'born at sea.' 18. The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere such as 'born at sea.' 19. Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them. 20. Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1 2006 and May 10 2011. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada but a small number are born in Canada. The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level. 21. The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. 22. The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova. 23. The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic. 24. Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation second generation or third generation or more. 25. 'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part these are people who are now or have ever been immigrants to Canada. 26. 'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part these are the children of immigrants. 27. 'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada. 28. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons other than Aboriginal peoples who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' 29. For example 'East Indian' 'Pakistani' 'Sri Lankan' etc. 30. For example 'Vietnamese' 'Cambodian' 'Malaysian' 'Laotian' etc. 31. For example 'Iranian' 'Afghan' etc. 32. The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese' 'West Indian' 'Tibetan' 'Polynesian' 'Pacific Islander' etc. 33. Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles e.g. 'Black' and 'South Asian.' 34. Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group. 35. This is a total population estimate.  The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the NHS. 36. Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g. 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Maritimer' 'Manitoban'). 37. Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g. 'British' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Celtic'). 38. Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g. 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Liechtensteiner'). 39. Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g. 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Faroese' 'Scandinavian'). 40. Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g. 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Baltic'). 41. Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g. 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Gibraltarian'). 42. Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g. 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Central European'). 43. Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g. 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Guadelupian' 'Aruban'). 44. Includes general responses indicating Latin Central or South American origins (e.g. 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Surinamese'). 45. Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g. 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Ewe' 'Wolof'). 46. Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g. 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Maghreb'). 47. Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g. 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Hutu' 'Shona'). 48. Some respondents may choose to provide very specific ethnic origins in the National Household Survey (NHS) while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ethnic ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different ethnic origins. For example one respondent may report 'East Indian' ethnic origin while another respondent with a similar ancestral background may report 'Punjabi' or 'South Asian' origins; one respondent may report 'Black' while another similar respondent may report 'Ghanaian' or 'African.' As a result ethnic origin data are very fluid and counts for certain origins such as 'East Indian' and 'Black' may seem lower than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ethnic origins together or use counts for ethnic categories such as 'South Asian origins' or 'African origins.' (Please note however that 'African origins' should not be considered equivalent to the 'Black' population group or visible minority status as there are persons reporting African origins who report a population group or visible minority status other than 'Black.' Conversely many people report a population group or visible minority status of 'Black' and do not report having 'African' origins. For information on population group and visible minority population in the 2011 NHS refer to the appropriate definitions in this publication.) 49. Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g. 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Saharan'). 50. Includes general responses indicating West Asian Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g. 'West Asian' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Baloch' 'Circassian'). 51. Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g. 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Bhutanese'). 52. Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g. 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Bruneian' 'Karen'). 53. Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g. 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Eurasian'). 54. Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g. 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g. 'Tahitian'). 55. Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination group body sect cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist agnostic or humanist or can provide another applicable response. 56. 'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person that is First Nations (North American Indian) Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act 1982 section 35 (2) as including the Indian Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. 57. Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011 there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide National Household Survey (NHS) 2011. 58. 'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian) Métis or Inuk (Inuit). 59. 'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian) Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band. 60. Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.' Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians. 61. This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the National Household Survey. 62. 'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian) Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17 either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.' Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act 1982 section 35 (2) as including the Indian Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin. 63. 'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian) Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17. 64. Refers to languages other than English or French in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the National Household Survey. Hence this total is greater than the total population. 65. Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree') Swampy Cree Plains Cree Woods Cree and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree). 66. This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10 2011 that are not displayed separately here. 67. This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages other than English or French collected on May 10 2011 that are not displayed separately here. 68. Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day May 10 2011 in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city town township village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city town township village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date. 69. Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day May 10 2011 in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city town township village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city town township village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date. 70. 'Highest certificate diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom. For further definitions refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide National Household Survey Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006. 71. 'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate diploma or degree. 72. 'Postsecondary certificate diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas' 'college CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates diplomas and degrees. 73. 'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges institutes of technology vocational centres and similar institutions. 74. Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g. university transfer programs bachelor's programs completed in other countries incomplete bachelor's programs non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution. 75. 'University certificate diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level' 'Degree in medicine dentistry veterinary medicine or optometry' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.' 76. 'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings' a CIP variant. For more information on the CIP classification see the Classification of Instructional Programs Canada 2011 Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm. For any comments on collection dissemination or data quality for this variable refer to the Education Reference Guide National Household Survey Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006. 77. 'No postsecondary certificate diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma a college CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate diploma or degree. 78. Called 'Health parks recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000. 79. Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies other.' 80. 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011 a different Canadian province or territory or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate diploma or degree above the high school level was completed. Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut) even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees. For any other comments on collection dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study' refer to the Education Reference Guide National Household Survey Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006. 81. Population by language used most often at work . Refers to the language used most often at work as reported on May 10 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1 2010. 82. Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree') Swampy Cree Plains Cree Woods Cree and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree). 83. Refers to whether a person was employed unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday May 1 to Saturday May 7 2011. In the past this variable was called Labour force activity. 84. Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business as well as unpaid family workers.  85. Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1 2010 only. 86. Experienced labour force refers to persons who during the week of Sunday May 1 to Saturday May 7 2011 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011. 87. Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers. 88. Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday May 1 to Saturday May 7 2011 as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.  89. Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1 2010 only. 90. Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007. 91. Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held even if only for a few hours and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week). 92. Includes persons who never worked persons who worked prior to 2010 only or persons who worked in 2011 only. 93. Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. 94. Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home worked outside Canada had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work). 95. Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work. 96. Refers to how many minutes it took for a person to travel from home to work. Median commuting duration is the value which divides the commuting duration into two equal halves i.e. the commuting duration of individuals for the first half is below the median while the commuting distance of individuals for the second half is above the median. 97. Time at which a respondent usually leaves home to go to work. 98. Condition of dwelling - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions. 99. Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. 100. Includes data up to May 10 2011. 101. Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms halls vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g. L-shaped dining room and living room arrangements). 102. Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now even if they were not originally built as bedrooms such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition one-room private dwellings such as studio apartments have zero bedrooms. 103. Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling or whether the dwelling is band housing (on an Indian reserve or settlement). 104. Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others. 105. Household maintainer - Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent or the mortgage or the taxes or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments the reference person is identified by default. 106. Primary household maintainer - First person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent or the mortgage or the taxes or the electricity bill and so on for the dwelling. The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which the respondent lists the persons on the questionnaire. Generally an adult is listed first followed if applicable by that person's spouse or common-law partner and by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by the person. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date that is before May 10 2011. 107. Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling. 108. Housing suitability - Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms as calculated using the National Occupancy Standard. Housing suitability assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age sex and relationships among household members. An alternative variable the number of persons per room considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members. Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies. 109. Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Percentage of a household's average total monthly income which is spent on shelter-related expenses. Those expenses include the monthly rent (for tenants) or the mortgage payment property taxes and condominium fees (for owners) and the costs of electricity heat municipal services etc. The percentage is calculated by dividing the total shelter-related expenses by the household's total monthly income and multiplying the result by 100. Includes owner and tenant households in non-farm non-reserve private dwellings with household total income greater than zero in 2010 (i.e. excludes negative or zero household total income). The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2011 while household total income is reported for the year 2010. As well for some households the 2010 household total income may represent income for only part of a year. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income refers to the total of income from all sources including employment income income from government programs pension income investment income and any other money income before income taxes and deductions during the calendar year 2010. 110. Presence of mortgage - Refers to whether the owner households reported mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling. 111. Shelter-cost-to-income ratio for owner households - Percentage of an owner household's average total monthly income which is spent on shelter-related expenses. Those expenses include the mortgage payment property taxes and condominium fees and the costs of electricity heat municipal services etc. The percentage is calculated by dividing the total shelter-related expenses by the household's total monthly income and multiplying the result by 100. Includes owner households in non-farm non-reserve private dwellings with household total income greater than zero in 2010 (i.e. excludes negative or zero household total income). The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2011 while household total income is reported for the year 2010. As well for some households the 2010 household total income may represent income for only part of a year. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income refers to the total of income from all sources including employment income income from government programs pension income investment income and any other money income before income taxes and deductions during the calendar year 2010. 112. Shelter cost for owned dwellings - Includes all shelter expenses paid by households that own their dwellings such as the mortgage payment and the costs of electricity heat water and other municipal services property taxes and condominium fees. 113. Value of dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the dwelling were to be sold. 114. Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income social housing public housing government-assisted housing non-profit housing rent supplements and housing allowances. 115. Shelter-cost-to-income ratio for tenant households - Percentage of a tenant household's average total monthly income which is spent on shelter-related expenses. Those expenses include the monthly rent and the costs of electricity heat municipal services etc. The percentage is calculated by dividing the total shelter-related expenses by the household's total monthly income and multiplying the result by 100. Includes tenant households in non-farm non-reserve private dwellings with household total income greater than zero in 2010 (i.e. excludes negative or zero household total income). The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2011 while household total income is reported for the year 2010. As well for some households the 2010 household total income may represent income for only part of a year. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income refers to the total of income from all sources including employment income income from government programs pension income investment income and any other money income before income taxes and deductions during the calendar year 2010. 116. Shelter costs for rented dwellings - Includes all shelter expenses paid by households that rent their dwellings such as the monthly rent and the costs of electricity heat and municipal services. 117. Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources before income taxes and deductions during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages salaries tips commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources such as social assistance child benefits employment insurance old age security pension Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources such as dividends and interest on bonds accounts GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income such as child support payments received spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts such as lottery winnings gambling winnings cash inheritances lump sum insurance settlements capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans Canada and Quebec pension plans and employment insurance. Finally voluntary inter-household transfers imputed rent goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves i.e. the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g. males aged 45 to 54 years). Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g. males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group. Median and average of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative). Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date that is before May 10 2011. 118. Including loss. 119. For population with income. 120. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves i.e. the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g. males aged 45 to 54 years). Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g. males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group. Median and average of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative). Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date that is before May 10 2011. 121. Including loss. 122. For population with after-tax income. 123. Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area. Total income - Total of income from all sources including employment income income from government programs pension income investment income and any other money income. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date that is before May 10 2011. 124. Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice) investment income retirement pensions superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes. 125. Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment. 126. Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances tips commissions and cash bonuses benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits research grants and royalties are included. 127. Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice. Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010 dividends from cooperatives rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm is excluded. Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes persons providing room and board to non-relatives self-employed fishers hunters and trappers operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics as well as freelance activities of artists writers music teachers hairdressers dressmakers etc. 128. Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks trust companies cooperatives credit unions caisses populaires etc. as well as interest on savings certificates bonds and debentures and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources such as net rents from real estate mortgage and loan interest received regular income from an estate or trust fund and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses. 129. Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity a fixed-term annuity or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund an insurance company etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP or refunds of over-contributions. 130. Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example severance pay and retirement allowances alimony child support periodic support from other persons not in the household income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest) non refundable scholarships bursaries fellowships and study grants and artists' project grants are included. 131. Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal provincial territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in: the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor; benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan; benefits from Employment Insurance; child benefits; other income from government sources. 132. Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example retirement pensions survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits. 133. Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010. 134. Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010 before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment sickness maternity paternity adoption work sharing retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program. 135. Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB) a joint initiative of federal provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB). 136. Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal provincial territorial or municipal programs during 2010. 137. Income tax paid - Refers to all federal provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income after taking into account exemptions deductions non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others. 138. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010. 139. Net capital gains or losses - Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which if sold would result in a capital gain or loss (for example cottages buildings and securities such as mutual funds). Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded. Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products. Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size. 140. Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice and/or net farm self-employment income. Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances tips commissions and cash bonuses benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits research grants and royalties are included. Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes persons providing room and board to non-relatives self-employed fishers hunters and trappers operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics as well as freelance activities of artists writers music teachers hairdressers dressmakers etc. Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010 dividends from cooperatives rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm is excluded. Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution ranked by size of income into two halves i.e. the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g. males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group. Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g. males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group. Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative). The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings. Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held even if only for a few hours and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week). Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date that is before May 10 2011. 141. Economic family total income - The total income of an economic family is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that family. Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources before income taxes and deductions during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages salaries tips commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources such as social assistance child benefits employment insurance old age security pension Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources such as dividends and interest on bonds accounts GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income such as child support payments received spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts such as lottery winnings gambling winnings cash inheritances lump sum insurance settlements capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans Canada and Quebec pension plans and employment insurance. Finally voluntary inter-household transfers imputed rent goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. After-tax income of economic families - The after-tax income of an economic family is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that family. After-tax income of family members or persons not in families refers to total income from all sources minus federal provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of economic families - The median income of a specified group of families is that amount which divides their income size distribution ranked by size of income into two halves. That is the incomes of the first half of the families are below the median while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of families are normally calculated for all units in the specified group whether or not they reported income. Average income of economic families - Average income of economic families refers to the weighted mean total income of families in 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of families (for example husband-wife families with working wives) by the number of families in that group whether or not they reported income. The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of economic families. Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood marriage common-law adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. 142. Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families lone-parent families or other economic families. Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person. Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person. Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family. 143. Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families lone-parent families or other economic families. Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person. Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person. Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family. Presence of children - Refers to the number of children in private households by age groups. To be included children must live in the same household as the family without a married spouse common-law partner or one or more of their children living in the same household. In a census family they may be children by birth marriage or adoption. In an economic family foster children are also included. 144. Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families lone-parent families or other economic families. Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person. Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person. Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family. 145. Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources before income taxes and deductions during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages salaries tips commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources such as social assistance child benefits employment insurance old age security pension Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources such as dividends and interest on bonds accounts GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income such as child support payments received spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts such as lottery winnings gambling winnings cash inheritances lump sum insurance settlements capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans Canada and Quebec pension plans and employment insurance. Finally voluntary inter-household transfers imputed rent goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of persons not in economic families - The median income of a specified group of persons not in economic families (for example males aged 55 to 64) is that amount which divides their income size distribution ranked by size of income into two halves. That is the incomes of the first half of the persons are below the median while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in economic families are normally calculated for all units in the specified group whether or not they reported income. Average income of persons not in economic families - Average income of persons not in economic families refers to the weighted mean total income of the persons not in economic families in 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of persons not in economic families by the number of persons in that group whether or not they reported income. The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of persons not in economic families. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date that is before May 10 2011. Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood marriage common-law adoption or a foster relationship and thereby constitute an economic family. Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family including persons living alone. 146. Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero). 147. Calculation includes persons not in economic families without after-tax income (with an after-tax income of zero). 148. Adjusted after-tax income for economic families and persons not in economic families - For economic family members this refers to economic family after-tax income that has been adjusted by a factor that accounts for family size. The adjustment factor takes into account the lower relative needs of additional family members as compared to a single person living alone. For use with the NHS income data the adjusted after-tax income is computed as the economic family after-tax income divided by the square root of family size. For persons not in economic families the adjusted after-tax income is set at after-tax income. This is equivalent to a factor of 1.0 for a person not in an economic family. Decile of adjusted after-tax family income - The deciles divide the population ranked by size of adjusted after-tax family income into 10 groups of equal size. The population in the bottom decile is the one who falls in the lower 10 percent of the adjusted after-tax family income distribution. The population in the top decile is the one who falls in the highest ten percent of the adjusted after-tax family income distribution. The 10 groups were formed with the full population in private households of Canada whether or not they reported income. 149. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources before income taxes and deductions during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages salaries tips commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources such as social assistance child benefits employment insurance old age security pension Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources such as dividends and interest on bonds accounts GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income such as child support payments received spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts such as lottery winnings gambling winnings cash inheritances lump sum insurance settlements capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans Canada and Quebec pension plans and employment insurance. Finally voluntary inter-household transfers imputed rent goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. Household private - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. Household members who are temporarily absent on May 10 2011 (e.g. temporarily residing elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. Every person is a member of one and only one household. 150. After-tax income of households - The after-tax income of a household is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that household. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Household private - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. Household members who are temporarily absent on May 10 2011 (e.g. temporarily residing elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. Every person is a member of one and only one household. 151. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. After-tax income of households - The after-tax income of a household is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that household. Total income - Total of income from all sources including employment income income from government programs pension income investment income and any other money income. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of households - The median income of a specified group of households is that amount which divides their income size distribution ranked by size of income into two halves. That is the incomes of the first half of the households are below the median while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of households are normally calculated for all units in the specified group whether or not they reported income. Average income of households - Average income of households refers to the weighted mean total income of households in 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of households (for example two person households) by the number of households in that specific group whether or not they reported income. The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of households. Household private - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. Household members who are temporarily absent on May 10 2011 (e.g. temporarily residing elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. Every person is a member of one and only one household. 152. Household size - Refers to the number of usual residents in a private household. 153. Income status can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). For this measure the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household. All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status. Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey. For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e. for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information refer to the Income Reference Guide National Household Survey Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date that is before May 10 2011. Source: Statistics Canada; 2011 National Household Survey. How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2013. National Household Survey Profile. 2011 National Household Survey. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-004-XWE. Ottawa. Released June 26 2013. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E