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NHS Profile, Canada, 2011

NHS data

NHS data

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NHS data, Canada. Table summary
The table shows total, male and female data (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic Canada

(Country)
Total Male Female
Citizenship
Total population in private households by citizenshipNational Household Survey data footnote 1 32,852,325 16,163,115 16,689,210
Canadian citizens 30,895,310 15,232,595 15,662,710
Canadian citizens aged under 18 6,576,425 3,381,280 3,195,140
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 24,318,885 11,851,320 12,467,565
Not Canadian citizensNational Household Survey data footnote 2 1,957,015 930,520 1,026,495
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigrationNational Household Survey data footnote 3 32,852,320 16,163,110 16,689,210
Non-immigrantsNational Household Survey data footnote 4 25,720,175 12,753,235 12,966,935
ImmigrantsNational Household Survey data footnote 5 6,775,765 3,231,370 3,544,400
Before 1971 1,261,055 605,430 655,625
1971 to 1980 870,775 416,670 454,105
1981 to 1990 949,890 454,570 495,325
1991 to 2000 1,539,050 724,905 814,145
2001 to 2011National Household Survey data footnote 6 2,154,990 1,029,790 1,125,200
2001 to 2005 992,070 474,545 517,530
2006 to 2011National Household Survey data footnote 6 1,162,915 555,245 607,670
Non-permanent residentsNational Household Survey data footnote 7 356,385 178,515 177,870
Age at immigration
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigrationNational Household Survey data footnote 8 6,775,765 3,231,365 3,544,400
Under 5 years 671,795 332,650 339,145
5 to 14 years 1,186,050 601,430 584,620
15 to 24 years 1,540,430 698,480 841,950
25 to 44 years 2,767,110 1,320,925 1,446,185
45 years and over 610,385 277,885 332,500
Immigrant status and selected places of birth
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birthNational Household Survey data footnote 9 32,852,320 16,163,110 16,689,210
Non-immigrantsNational Household Survey data footnote 10 25,720,170 12,753,235 12,966,940
Born in province of residence 21,853,870 10,848,700 11,005,170
Born outside province of residence 3,866,305 1,904,535 1,961,770
ImmigrantsNational Household Survey data footnote 11 6,775,765 3,231,365 3,544,400
Americas 1,060,230 478,150 582,085
United States 263,475 117,035 146,440
Jamaica 126,035 52,655 73,380
Guyana 87,945 39,105 48,840
Haiti 80,100 34,785 45,310
Mexico 69,695 32,760 36,930
Trinidad and Tobago 67,205 30,150 37,055
Colombia 60,555 28,555 32,000
El Salvador 43,655 21,995 21,660
Peru 26,715 11,745 14,965
Chile 25,195 12,395 12,800
Other places of birth in Americas 209,665 96,975 112,690
Europe 2,127,785 1,033,830 1,093,955
United KingdomNational Household Survey data footnote 12 537,040 257,285 279,755
Italy 256,825 129,970 126,855
Germany 152,345 72,335 80,010
Poland 152,290 68,855 83,435
Portugal 138,520 67,895 70,625
Netherlands 98,510 50,200 48,315
France 90,440 46,900 43,540
Romania 82,595 39,635 42,955
Russian Federation 73,030 32,945 40,080
Greece 66,475 34,090 32,385
Ukraine 65,455 29,340 36,115
Croatia 40,010 19,475 20,540
Hungary 38,985 19,190 19,790
Bosnia and Herzegovina 35,885 18,290 17,595
Serbia 32,600 15,780 16,820
Ireland, Republic of 28,040 13,485 14,555
Other places of birth in Europe 238,740 118,170 120,565
Africa 492,030 251,025 241,000
Morocco 56,275 29,560 26,715
Algeria 51,085 27,350 23,735
Egypt 49,935 26,630 23,305
South Africa, Republic of 40,550 20,075 20,480
Nigeria 27,625 14,520 13,105
Ethiopia 24,535 11,840 12,695
Kenya 24,510 11,485 13,030
Other places of birth in Africa 217,510 109,565 107,940
Asia 3,041,105 1,441,670 1,599,430
India 547,890 271,490 276,395
ChinaNational Household Survey data footnote 13 545,535 247,815 297,715
Philippines 454,340 190,120 264,220
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 205,430 97,005 108,420
Viet NamNational Household Survey data footnote 14 165,125 77,945 87,180
Pakistan 156,860 80,410 76,450
Sri Lanka 132,130 65,655 66,475
IranNational Household Survey data footnote 15 120,685 61,780 58,905
Korea, SouthNational Household Survey data footnote 16 112,400 52,815 59,585
Lebanon 81,105 43,415 37,695
Taiwan 66,455 30,560 35,900
Iraq 49,515 25,635 23,885
Bangladesh 45,320 23,410 21,915
Afghanistan 40,945 20,650 20,290
Japan 25,805 8,000 17,805
Turkey 25,275 13,420 11,855
Other places of birth in Asia 266,285 131,540 134,745
Oceania and otherNational Household Survey data footnote 17 54,625 26,690 27,935
Fiji 24,290 11,415 12,875
Other places of birthNational Household Survey data footnote 18 30,330 15,275 15,055
Non-permanent residentsNational Household Survey data footnote 19 356,385 178,510 177,870
Recent immigrants by selected place of birth
Total recent immigrant population in private households by selected places of birthNational Household Survey data footnote 20 1,162,915 555,250 607,670
Americas 188,730 90,345 98,380
United States 45,015 22,225 22,790
Mexico 22,310 10,740 11,570
Cuba 5,555 2,910 2,645
Haiti 19,305 8,690 10,615
Jamaica 9,800 4,775 5,035
Brazil 9,540 4,460 5,075
Colombia 27,555 13,255 14,300
Guyana 6,010 2,585 3,425
Peru 6,410 2,735 3,675
VenezuelaNational Household Survey data footnote 21 6,185 2,995 3,190
Other places of birth in Americas 31,045 14,980 16,065
Europe 159,750 79,565 80,180
France 20,380 10,745 9,640
Germany 10,455 5,255 5,205
Poland 5,365 1,995 3,375
Romania 13,370 6,145 7,220
MoldovaNational Household Survey data footnote 22 6,570 3,255 3,315
Russian Federation 17,100 7,680 9,415
Ukraine 12,385 5,465 6,925
United KingdomNational Household Survey data footnote 12 32,965 18,320 14,645
Other places of birth in Europe 41,160 20,710 20,450
Africa 145,725 73,470 72,250
Nigeria 13,035 6,695 6,345
Ethiopia 6,595 3,055 3,535
Mauritius 4,195 2,070 2,120
Somalia 4,315 2,040 2,270
Algeria 21,240 10,560 10,675
Egypt 11,105 5,865 5,240
Morocco 20,295 10,240 10,055
Tunisia 4,755 2,865 1,895
Cameroon 5,425 2,780 2,645
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the 5,865 2,720 3,150
South Africa, Republic of 5,660 2,730 2,930
Other places of birth in Africa 43,230 21,845 21,385
Asia 661,570 307,935 353,635
Philippines 152,270 66,980 85,285
ChinaNational Household Survey data footnote 13 122,090 54,290 67,800
India 121,415 60,075 61,345
Pakistan 35,040 16,890 18,155
IranNational Household Survey data footnote 15 30,295 14,865 15,425
South KoreaNational Household Survey data footnote 16 27,665 12,720 14,945
Sri Lanka 21,430 10,175 11,260
Iraq 16,915 8,365 8,550
Bangladesh 14,110 7,050 7,060
Lebanon 12,420 6,640 5,780
Viet NamNational Household Survey data footnote 14 11,275 4,235 7,045
Taiwan 9,295 4,255 5,040
Afghanistan 8,425 4,325 4,100
Japan 6,385 1,660 4,720
Turkey 5,855 3,110 2,745
Israel 5,230 2,610 2,625
Nepal 5,210 2,725 2,490
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4,805 1,940 2,865
United Arab Emirates 4,800 2,440 2,355
Saudi Arabia 4,345 2,440 1,900
SyriaNational Household Survey data footnote 23 4,150 2,145 2,005
Other places of birth in Asia 38,140 18,005 20,140
Oceania and otherNational Household Survey data footnote 17 7,150 3,930 3,215
Generation status
Total population in private households by generation statusNational Household Survey data footnote 24 32,852,320 16,163,115 16,689,210
First generationNational Household Survey data footnote 25 7,217,295 3,454,225 3,763,070
Second generationNational Household Survey data footnote 26 5,702,725 2,840,860 2,861,860
Third generation or moreNational Household Survey data footnote 27 19,932,300 9,868,025 10,064,275
Visible minority population
Total population in private households by visible minority 32,852,320 16,163,110 16,689,210
Total visible minority populationNational Household Survey data footnote 28 6,264,750 3,043,010 3,221,745
South AsianNational Household Survey data footnote 29 1,567,400 790,755 776,650
Chinese 1,324,750 632,325 692,420
Black 945,665 453,005 492,660
Filipino 619,310 268,885 350,425
Latin American 381,280 186,355 194,925
Arab 380,620 203,485 177,140
Southeast AsianNational Household Survey data footnote 30 312,075 154,035 158,045
West AsianNational Household Survey data footnote 31 206,840 105,620 101,220
Korean 161,130 77,165 83,965
Japanese 87,270 38,270 48,990
Visible minority, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 32 106,475 49,770 56,705
Multiple visible minoritiesNational Household Survey data footnote 33 171,935 83,335 88,600
Not a visible minorityNational Household Survey data footnote 34 26,587,575 13,120,105 13,467,465
Ethnic origin population
Total population in private households by ethnic originsNational Household Survey data footnote 35 32,852,325 16,163,110 16,689,210
North American Aboriginal origins 1,836,035 885,675 950,360
First Nations (North American Indian) 1,369,115 658,050 711,065
Inuit 72,615 35,895 36,720
Métis 447,655 217,405 230,250
Other North American origins 11,070,455 5,462,685 5,607,770
Acadian 115,900 56,435 59,460
American 372,575 179,465 193,115
Canadian 10,563,805 5,214,090 5,349,715
New Brunswicker 1,895 860 1,040
Newfoundlander 22,035 11,580 10,460
Nova Scotian 2,845 1,400 1,445
Ontarian 3,860 1,800 2,065
Québécois 193,885 97,450 96,430
Other North American origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 36 4,050 2,010 2,040
European origins 20,157,965 9,913,150 10,244,820
British Isles origins 11,343,705 5,531,110 5,812,600
Channel Islander 3,325 1,740 1,590
Cornish 1,765 1,005 750
English 6,509,500 3,159,130 3,350,365
Irish 4,544,865 2,155,710 2,389,160
Manx 4,730 2,410 2,315
Scottish 4,714,965 2,284,200 2,430,770
Welsh 458,705 219,565 239,135
British Isles origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 37 576,030 275,345 300,685
French origins 5,077,215 2,476,125 2,601,090
Alsatian 2,700 1,280 1,420
Breton 14,290 7,105 7,190
French 5,065,690 2,470,555 2,595,130
Western European origins (except French origins) 4,439,950 2,179,305 2,260,650
Austrian 197,990 97,350 100,640
Belgian 176,620 87,360 89,260
Dutch 1,067,245 526,105 541,140
Flemish 13,840 6,880 6,970
Frisian 5,055 2,715 2,335
German 3,203,325 1,568,295 1,635,030
Luxembourger 3,790 1,915 1,875
Swiss 146,830 72,895 73,935
Western European origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 38 2,740 1,380 1,355
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 1,164,425 562,395 602,035
Danish 203,080 98,545 104,535
Finnish 136,215 65,325 70,890
Icelandic 94,210 46,140 48,065
Norwegian 452,710 220,440 232,270
Swedish 341,845 160,560 181,280
Northern European origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 39 43,070 21,650 21,415
Eastern European origins 3,142,775 1,532,520 1,610,250
Bulgarian 30,485 14,965 15,520
Byelorussian 15,565 7,240 8,320
Czech 94,805 46,650 48,150
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s. 40,030 18,980 21,055
Estonian 23,185 10,575 12,610
Hungarian 316,760 156,285 160,480
Latvian 27,355 13,310 14,040
Lithuanian 49,130 24,420 24,710
Moldovan 8,055 4,095 3,960
Polish 1,010,700 488,180 522,525
Romanian 204,630 99,560 105,070
Russian 550,515 264,370 286,145
Slovak 66,545 32,700 33,845
Ukrainian 1,251,170 610,890 640,275
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 40 11,330 5,665 5,665
Southern European origins 2,798,395 1,391,820 1,406,575
Albanian 28,270 14,520 13,745
Bosnian 22,915 11,610 11,310
Croatian 114,880 57,845 57,030
Cypriot 4,820 2,240 2,580
Greek 252,955 129,805 123,160
Italian 1,488,420 744,730 743,695
Kosovar 2,765 1,365 1,400
Macedonian 36,985 18,740 18,250
Maltese 38,780 19,555 19,230
Montenegrin 2,970 1,555 1,415
Portuguese 429,850 213,330 216,525
Serbian 80,320 40,660 39,655
Sicilian 5,980 3,130 2,845
Slovenian 37,175 18,400 18,775
Spanish 368,305 173,590 194,715
Yugoslavian, n.o.s. 48,320 23,685 24,635
Southern European origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 41 965 450 520
Other European origins 371,710 187,060 184,650
Basque 5,565 2,970 2,600
Jewish 309,650 154,375 155,275
Roma (Gypsy) 5,255 2,495 2,760
Slavic, n.o.s. 4,660 2,445 2,220
Other European origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 42 48,765 25,990 22,770
Caribbean origins 627,590 291,640 335,945
Antiguan 3,630 1,925 1,705
Bahamian 2,505 1,395 1,110
Barbadian 34,340 15,660 18,680
Bermudan 2,765 1,290 1,475
Carib 3,295 1,365 1,930
Cuban 21,440 10,500 10,940
Dominican 16,715 8,055 8,660
Grenadian 14,890 6,605 8,280
Haitian 137,995 63,915 74,075
Jamaican 256,915 119,275 137,640
Kittitian/Nevisian 2,225 925 1,300
Martinican 1,415 765 655
Montserratan 825 440 380
Puerto Rican 2,340 1,170 1,175
St. Lucian 6,645 2,700 3,945
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 68,230 32,665 35,560
Vincentian/Grenadinian 14,180 6,135 8,045
West Indian, n.o.s. 56,650 25,820 30,835
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 43 21,960 10,025 11,930
Latin, Central and South American origins 544,375 264,635 279,740
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Maya) 16,685 7,875 8,810
Argentinian 16,910 8,375 8,540
Belizean 1,125 525 600
Bolivian 3,780 1,795 1,985
Brazilian 25,395 12,520 12,875
Chilean 38,135 18,835 19,305
Colombian 76,580 37,050 39,530
Costa Rican 5,340 2,555 2,780
Ecuadorian 20,115 9,640 10,475
Guatemalan 20,765 10,555 10,215
Guyanese 75,350 35,065 40,280
Hispanic 6,495 3,025 3,470
Honduran 8,720 4,210 4,510
Maya 4,695 2,425 2,270
Mexican 96,055 47,900 48,160
Nicaraguan 11,445 5,570 5,875
Panamanian 3,650 1,675 1,975
Paraguayan 3,425 1,775 1,650
Peruvian 34,385 15,855 18,530
Salvadorean 63,965 32,160 31,805
Uruguayan 5,500 2,760 2,735
Venezuelan 18,165 8,520 9,645
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 44 19,985 9,950 10,035
African origins 766,735 387,360 379,380
Central and West African origins 142,780 73,680 69,100
Akan 1,065 600 470
Angolan 1,925 950 975
Ashanti 985 505 480
Beninese 2,665 1,455 1,205
Burkinabe 1,380 710 675
Cameroonian 10,555 5,525 5,020
Chadian 1,070 560 510
Congolese 24,965 11,975 12,990
Gabonese 1,105 560 540
Gambian 595 335 260
Ghanaian 29,355 14,965 14,385
Guinean 4,835 2,455 2,380
Ibo 2,795 1,475 1,320
Ivorian 5,200 2,865 2,335
Liberian 1,695 940 755
Malian 2,530 1,200 1,330
Nigerian 31,735 16,655 15,075
Peulh 1,370 715 655
Senegalese 6,335 3,345 2,990
Sierra Leonean 1,820 940 875
Togolese 3,115 1,775 1,335
Yoruba 5,340 2,875 2,465
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 45 11,390 5,960 5,435
North African origins 252,055 132,630 119,415
Algerian 49,110 25,695 23,415
Berber 25,880 14,270 11,615
Coptic 3,570 1,795 1,770
Dinka 715 450 265
Egyptian 73,250 38,210 35,040
Libyan 5,510 2,965 2,550
Maure 1,040 605 430
Moroccan 71,915 36,640 35,270
Sudanese 16,595 8,785 7,810
Tunisian 15,130 8,750 6,375
North African origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 46 2,875 1,635 1,245
Southern and East African origins 187,140 91,065 96,075
Afrikaner 1,945 970 975
Amhara 1,305 720 585
Bantu, n.o.s. 1,825 945 880
Burundian 7,395 3,755 3,640
Eritrean 13,430 6,535 6,895
Ethiopian 30,810 15,135 15,670
Harari 675 265 415
Kenyan 8,060 3,820 4,235
Malagasy 2,925 1,465 1,455
Mauritian 6,695 3,015 3,680
Oromo 1,825 995 835
Rwandan 8,100 3,795 4,310
Seychellois 1,035 495 540
Somali 44,995 21,330 23,665
South African 34,000 16,875 17,130
Tanzanian 4,065 1,975 2,090
Tigrian 1,005 545 455
Ugandan 4,535 2,205 2,335
Zambian 1,425 695 730
Zimbabwean 6,425 3,130 3,300
Zulu 840 470 370
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 47 14,510 7,200 7,310
Other African origins 199,900 97,980 101,920
Black, n.o.s.National Household Survey data footnote 48 25,150 11,595 13,555
Other African origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 49 177,190 87,605 89,585
Asian origins 5,011,225 2,435,540 2,575,680
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 778,470 402,825 375,640
Afghan 62,815 31,640 31,175
Arab, n.o.s. 94,640 52,235 42,405
Armenian 55,745 28,040 27,700
Assyrian 10,815 5,630 5,180
Azerbaijani 4,580 2,450 2,130
Georgian 3,155 1,530 1,625
Iranian 163,290 83,495 79,800
Iraqi 49,680 25,245 24,435
Israeli 15,015 7,330 7,685
Jordanian 9,425 5,050 4,370
Kazakh 2,265 1,095 1,175
Kurd 11,680 6,295 5,385
Kuwaiti 2,240 1,090 1,150
Lebanese 190,275 97,840 92,435
Palestinian 31,245 16,530 14,720
Pashtun 3,315 1,715 1,595
Saudi Arabian 7,955 4,680 3,275
Syrian 40,840 20,575 20,265
Tajik 2,395 1,150 1,245
Tatar 2,850 1,370 1,485
Turk 55,435 28,675 26,755
Uighur 1,155 540 615
Uzbek 2,720 1,305 1,420
Yemeni 3,945 2,080 1,865
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 50 16,540 9,095 7,440
South Asian origins 1,615,920 812,980 802,940
Bangladeshi 34,205 17,535 16,670
Bengali 17,960 9,220 8,740
East IndianNational Household Survey data footnote 48 1,165,145 584,245 580,900
Goan 5,125 2,435 2,690
Gujarati 5,890 2,890 3,000
Kashmiri 2,120 1,105 1,020
Nepali 9,785 5,020 4,770
Pakistani 155,310 80,440 74,870
Punjabi 76,150 39,045 37,105
Sinhalese 7,220 3,635 3,585
Sri Lankan 139,415 69,625 69,795
Tamil 48,965 24,915 24,045
South Asian origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 51 53,390 26,925 26,465
East and Southeast Asian origins 2,650,000 1,236,405 1,413,595
Burmese 7,850 3,770 4,075
Cambodian (Khmer) 34,340 16,990 17,345
Chinese 1,487,580 708,975 778,605
Filipino 662,605 289,055 373,550
Hmong 830 430 400
Indonesian 18,125 8,655 9,475
Japanese 109,740 49,155 60,590
Korean 168,890 80,525 88,360
Laotian 22,090 11,070 11,020
Malaysian 14,165 6,490 7,680
Mongolian 5,350 2,605 2,750
Singaporean 2,045 1,000 1,050
Taiwanese 30,335 14,305 16,025
Thai 15,080 6,145 8,935
Tibetan 5,820 2,915 2,905
Vietnamese 220,420 107,010 113,415
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 52 9,040 4,410 4,635
Other Asian origins 20,115 10,140 9,975
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 53 20,115 10,140 9,975
Oceania origins 74,875 37,490 37,385
Australian 36,345 18,455 17,895
New Zealander 13,890 7,000 6,890
Pacific Islands origins 25,740 12,570 13,175
Fijian 17,815 8,730 9,085
Hawaiian 3,135 1,465 1,665
Maori 2,015 915 1,100
Polynesian, n.o.s. 860 445 420
Samoan 820 515 305
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.National Household Survey data footnote 54 1,550 700 850
Religion
Total population in private households by religionNational Household Survey data footnote 55 32,852,320 16,163,115 16,689,210
Buddhist 366,830 168,465 198,365
Christian 22,102,745 10,497,775 11,604,975
Anglican 1,631,845 752,945 878,900
Baptist 635,840 293,905 341,940
Catholic 12,810,705 6,167,290 6,643,415
Christian Orthodox 550,690 270,205 280,485
Lutheran 478,185 221,525 256,660
Pentecostal 478,705 217,850 260,850
Presbyterian 472,385 218,955 253,430
United Church 2,007,610 912,545 1,095,065
Other Christian 3,036,780 1,442,550 1,594,230
Hindu 497,965 250,435 247,525
Jewish 329,495 161,265 168,235
Muslim 1,053,945 540,555 513,395
Sikh 454,965 229,435 225,530
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality 64,935 31,805 33,135
Other religions 130,835 57,745 73,090
No religious affiliation 7,850,605 4,225,645 3,624,965
Aboriginal population
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity 32,852,325 16,163,110 16,689,210
Aboriginal identityNational Household Survey data footnote 56 1,400,685 682,190 718,500
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityNational Household Survey data footnote 57 851,560 411,785 439,775
Métis single identity 451,795 223,335 228,460
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 59,440 29,495 29,950
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesNational Household Survey data footnote 58 11,415 5,525 5,890
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereNational Household Survey data footnote 59 26,475 12,055 14,420
Non-Aboriginal identity 31,451,640 15,480,920 15,970,715
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian statusNational Household Survey data footnote 57 32,852,325 16,163,110 16,689,210
Registered or Treaty IndianNational Household Survey data footnote 60 697,505 337,410 360,095
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 32,154,815 15,825,700 16,329,115
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestryNational Household Survey data footnote 61 32,852,325 16,163,115 16,689,210
Aboriginal ancestryNational Household Survey data footnote 62 1,836,035 885,675 950,360
First Nations (North American Indian) Aboriginal ancestryNational Household Survey data footnote 57 1,369,115 658,055 711,065
Métis ancestry 447,655 217,400 230,250
Inuit ancestry 72,615 35,895 36,720
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyNational Household Survey data footnote 63 31,016,285 15,277,440 15,738,850
Non-official languages spoken
Total population in private households by non-official languages spokenNational Household Survey data footnote 64 8,165,495 3,923,340 4,242,155
Aboriginal languages 245,115 119,650 125,470
Algonquin 2,395 1,130 1,270
Atikamekw 6,205 3,255 2,950
Blackfoot 4,395 2,155 2,245
Cree languagesNational Household Survey data footnote 65 96,690 47,240 49,450
Mi'kmaq 8,930 4,295 4,635
Innu/Montagnais 11,450 5,550 5,900
Ojibway 25,160 11,985 13,180
Oji-Cree 10,180 4,990 5,195
Carrier 2,010 980 1,030
Dene 12,950 6,415 6,530
Tlicho (Dogrib) 2,385 1,165 1,220
Slavey, n.o.s. 1,815 920 900
Stoney 3,495 1,690 1,810
Inuktitut 36,945 18,450 18,500
Other Aboriginal languagesNational Household Survey data footnote 66 23,460 10,990 12,470
Non-Aboriginal languages 7,922,260 3,804,700 4,117,565
Italian 595,600 290,895 304,705
Portuguese 266,950 131,440 135,510
Romanian 97,180 47,160 50,020
Spanish 873,395 406,290 467,105
Dutch 135,085 65,120 69,965
Flemish 5,620 2,420 3,205
German 525,480 257,855 267,630
Yiddish 23,750 11,655 12,090
Danish 18,165 9,075 9,085
Norwegian 8,895 4,265 4,630
Swedish 14,005 6,195 7,805
Afrikaans 21,870 10,890 10,985
Gaelic languages 7,195 3,470 3,725
Bosnian 14,280 7,125 7,155
Bulgarian 20,150 10,050 10,095
Croatian 63,445 31,450 31,990
Czech 26,640 12,685 13,960
Macedonian 22,130 10,640 11,490
Polish 217,735 100,485 117,255
Russian 230,755 109,665 121,095
Serbian 65,335 32,645 32,685
Serbo-Croatian 11,640 5,765 5,875
Slovak 19,030 8,840 10,180
Slovenian 12,290 5,645 6,645
Ukrainian 144,260 65,090 79,175
Latvian 6,955 3,165 3,790
Lithuanian 8,360 3,905 4,455
Greek 150,620 76,470 74,150
Armenian 36,235 17,935 18,305
Albanian 25,675 12,960 12,715
Estonian 6,780 2,825 3,955
Finnish 18,320 7,635 10,690
Hungarian 73,695 35,320 38,375
Turkish 44,080 23,435 20,640
Berber languages (Kabyle) 7,430 4,105 3,330
Oromo 14,195 7,680 6,520
Somali 37,115 16,995 20,120
Amharic 24,285 11,960 12,330
Arabic 470,965 249,480 221,485
Hebrew 70,695 36,145 34,545
Maltese 7,550 3,785 3,760
Tigrigna 11,280 5,485 5,800
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 19,975 9,865 10,115
Bengali 69,490 35,910 33,585
Gujarati 118,950 58,755 60,195
Hindi 335,420 170,950 164,470
Konkani 5,785 2,770 3,010
Marathi 9,695 4,870 4,820
Panjabi (Punjabi) 545,730 276,725 269,005
Sindhi 15,525 7,210 8,315
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 23,965 12,340 11,630
Urdu 240,745 123,925 116,815
Nepali 11,450 5,905 5,550
Kurdish 11,815 6,360 5,455
Pashto 16,515 8,755 7,755
Persian (Farsi) 196,110 99,825 96,285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 8,615 4,390 4,220
Kannada 5,210 2,715 2,490
Malayalam 22,125 11,545 10,585
Tamil 179,465 89,375 90,090
Telugu 12,645 6,500 6,140
Japanese 74,690 33,185 41,505
Korean 149,035 70,450 78,590
Cantonese 472,510 221,165 251,350
Fukien 6,610 3,020 3,595
Hakka 5,345 2,385 2,965
Mandarin 378,605 176,360 202,245
Taiwanese 15,375 6,965 8,405
Chinese, n.o.s. 419,060 199,785 219,275
Lao 17,800 8,875 8,925
Thai 13,540 5,620 7,925
Khmer (Cambodian) 26,580 12,910 13,670
Vietnamese 192,070 91,755 100,315
Bisayan languages 19,690 7,880 11,810
Ilocano 21,880 8,465 13,410
Malay 20,715 9,870 10,850
Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino) 491,075 200,365 290,705
Akan (Twi) 19,140 9,100 10,045
Lingala 12,185 5,705 6,475
Rundi (Kirundi) 5,860 2,875 2,980
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) 5,525 2,425 3,100
Swahili 31,690 15,785 15,910
Bantu languages, n.i.e. 13,470 6,675 6,795
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 29,240 15,060 14,180
African languages, n.i.e. 14,135 7,660 6,480
Creoles 128,555 58,475 70,090
Other non-Aboriginal languagesNational Household Survey data footnote 67 133,190 62,175 71,020
Mobility
Total - Mobility status 1 year agoNational Household Survey data footnote 68 32,485,215 15,975,755 16,509,460
Non-movers 28,443,525 13,983,135 14,460,390
Movers 4,041,690 1,992,620 2,049,070
Non-migrants 2,380,370 1,173,165 1,207,205
Migrants 1,661,325 819,460 841,860
Internal migrants 1,359,105 670,370 688,735
Intraprovincial migrants 1,116,780 548,335 568,445
Interprovincial migrants 242,325 122,040 120,290
External migrants 302,215 149,085 153,130
Total - Mobility status 5 years agoNational Household Survey data footnote 69 30,978,630 15,204,700 15,773,935
Non-movers 19,010,730 9,329,115 9,681,615
Movers 11,967,905 5,875,585 6,092,320
Non-migrants 6,467,765 3,172,140 3,295,620
Migrants 5,500,140 2,703,435 2,796,700
Internal migrants 4,297,735 2,115,465 2,182,270
Intraprovincial migrants 3,442,065 1,683,045 1,759,020
Interprovincial migrants 855,670 432,415 423,250
External migrants 1,202,405 587,980 614,430
Education
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeNational Household Survey data footnote 70 27,259,525 13,295,350 13,964,175
No certificate, diploma or degree 5,485,400 2,742,875 2,742,520
High school diploma or equivalentNational Household Survey data footnote 71 6,968,935 3,305,415 3,663,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeNational Household Survey data footnote 72 14,805,190 7,247,050 7,558,135
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaNational Household Survey data footnote 73 2,950,685 1,928,970 1,021,715
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 4,970,020 2,118,430 2,851,595
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelNational Household Survey data footnote 74 1,200,130 513,235 686,890
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 5,684,360 2,686,425 2,997,935
Bachelor's degree 3,634,425 1,643,080 1,991,345
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelNational Household Survey data footnote 75 2,049,930 1,043,350 1,006,585
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degreeNational Household Survey data footnote 70 18,383,920 8,984,385 9,399,535
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,330,580 1,238,845 1,091,735
High school diploma or equivalentNational Household Survey data footnote 71 4,270,665 2,049,355 2,221,305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeNational Household Survey data footnote 72 11,782,685 5,696,190 6,086,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaNational Household Survey data footnote 73 2,218,805 1,435,395 783,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 3,913,710 1,674,815 2,238,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelNational Household Survey data footnote 74 894,745 385,980 508,765
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 4,755,420 2,200,000 2,555,420
Bachelor's degree 3,032,220 1,358,970 1,673,260
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelNational Household Survey data footnote 75 1,723,195 841,035 882,165
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011National Household Survey data footnote 76 27,259,525 13,295,355 13,964,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeNational Household Survey data footnote 77 12,454,330 6,048,300 6,406,035
Education 1,109,460 275,765 833,695
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 548,630 254,785 293,845
Humanities 821,590 326,875 494,720
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,497,755 512,790 984,965
Business, management and public administration 3,187,570 1,188,985 1,998,590
Physical and life sciences and technologies 554,675 291,870 262,810
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 601,705 380,200 221,505
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 3,193,975 2,929,940 264,035
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 326,230 220,390 105,840
Health and related fieldsNational Household Survey data footnote 78 2,060,605 393,035 1,667,565
Personal, protective and transportation services 900,005 471,700 428,300
Other fields of studyNational Household Survey data footnote 79 2,990 725 2,270
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residenceNational Household Survey data footnote 80 27,259,525 13,295,350 13,964,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 12,454,335 6,048,300 6,406,035
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 14,805,195 7,247,055 7,558,135
Location of study inside Canada 12,404,675 6,034,100 6,370,575
Same as province or territory of residence 10,920,860 5,283,600 5,637,260
Another province or territory 1,483,815 750,500 733,315
Location of study outside Canada 2,400,520 1,212,955 1,187,565
Language used most often at work
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at workNational Household Survey data footnote 81 19,133,310 9,920,580 9,212,725
Single responses 18,705,455 9,703,220 9,002,230
English 14,622,905 7,610,350 7,012,555
French 3,831,530 1,963,645 1,867,885
Non-official languages 251,015 129,225 121,790
Chinese, n.o.s. 45,465 24,070 21,390
Cantonese 36,840 18,540 18,305
Panjabi (Punjabi) 25,050 13,505 11,540
Mandarin 22,490 12,060 10,430
Spanish 12,880 6,640 6,240
Korean 11,520 6,070 5,455
German 10,870 6,085 4,785
Cree languagesNational Household Survey data footnote 82 7,945 4,100 3,840
Portuguese 7,855 4,925 2,920
Inuktitut 7,270 3,535 3,735
Other languages 62,840 29,690 33,150
Multiple responses 427,855 217,360 210,495
English and French 317,135 162,430 154,710
English and non-official language 94,100 46,725 47,375
French and non-official language 5,180 2,420 2,755
English, French and non-official language 11,440 5,785 5,655
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at workNational Household Survey data footnote 81 19,133,305 9,920,580 9,212,725
English 14,622,900 7,610,350 7,012,550
French 3,831,530 1,963,645 1,867,885
Non-official language 251,015 129,220 121,795
Aboriginal 23,825 11,990 11,830
Non-Aboriginal 227,195 117,235 109,960
English and French 317,135 162,425 154,710
English and non-official language 94,100 46,725 47,370
French and non-official language 5,180 2,420 2,760
English, French and non-official language 11,440 5,785 5,655
Labour force status
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force statusNational Household Survey data footnote 83 27,259,525 13,295,350 13,964,170
In the labour force 17,990,080 9,388,570 8,601,515
Employed 16,595,035 8,634,310 7,960,725
Unemployed 1,395,045 754,255 640,790
Not in the labour force 9,269,445 3,906,785 5,362,660
Participation rate 66.0 70.6 61.6
Employment rate 60.9 64.9 57.0
Unemployment rate 7.8 8.0 7.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of workerNational Household Survey data footnote 84 17,990,080 9,388,570 8,601,510
Class of worker - not applicableNational Household Survey data footnote 85 402,470 197,390 205,075
All classes of workerNational Household Survey data footnote 86 17,587,615 9,191,175 8,396,435
Employee 15,660,620 7,957,490 7,703,130
Self-employedNational Household Survey data footnote 87 1,926,990 1,233,685 693,310
Occupation
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011National Household Survey data footnote 88 17,990,080 9,388,570 8,601,515
Occupation - not applicableNational Household Survey data footnote 89 402,470 197,395 205,075
All occupationsNational Household Survey data footnote 86 17,587,610 9,191,175 8,396,440
0 Management occupations 1,963,600 1,229,460 734,140
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 2,902,045 854,190 2,047,855
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,237,775 966,355 271,415
3 Health occupations 1,107,200 217,520 889,675
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 2,064,675 676,550 1,388,130
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 503,415 232,535 270,875
6 Sales and service occupations 4,068,170 1,745,705 2,322,465
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,537,775 2,385,615 152,165
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 397,930 318,945 78,980
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 805,040 564,300 240,740
Industry
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007National Household Survey data footnote 90 17,990,085 9,388,570 8,601,510
Industry - not applicableNational Household Survey data footnote 89 402,470 197,395 205,075
All industriesNational Household Survey data footnote 86 17,587,615 9,191,175 8,396,440
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 437,650 307,370 130,285
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 261,050 211,690 49,360
22 Utilities 149,940 110,765 39,175
23 Construction 1,215,380 1,068,710 146,670
31-33 Manufacturing 1,619,295 1,167,680 451,615
41 Wholesale trade 733,445 494,545 238,900
44-45 Retail trade 2,031,665 933,850 1,097,820
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 827,780 617,305 210,475
51 Information and cultural industries 420,830 235,875 184,955
52 Finance and insurance 767,960 296,995 470,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 321,895 179,090 142,805
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,240,850 688,625 552,225
55 Management of companies and enterprises 17,460 9,380 8,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 728,330 411,250 317,085
61 Educational services 1,301,435 424,915 876,515
62 Health care and social assistance 1,949,650 349,430 1,600,220
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 363,405 188,270 175,135
72 Accommodation and food services 1,130,750 469,990 660,760
81 Other services (except public administration) 807,800 372,940 434,865
91 Public administration 1,261,050 652,510 608,535
Work activity
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010National Household Survey data footnote 91 17,990,080 9,388,565 8,601,515
Did not work in 2010National Household Survey data footnote 92 931,000 448,820 482,180
Worked in 2010 17,059,080 8,939,750 8,119,330
1 to 13 weeks 866,690 412,100 454,590
14 to 26 weeks 1,412,115 708,945 703,165
27 to 39 weeks 1,096,050 574,025 522,020
40 to 48 weeks 2,744,755 1,415,130 1,329,625
49 to 52 weeks 10,939,470 5,829,550 5,109,925
Average weeks worked in 2010 44.5 44.9 44.2
Full-time or part-time weeks worked
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010National Household Survey data footnote 93 17,990,080 9,388,570 8,601,510
Did not work in 2010National Household Survey data footnote 92 931,000 448,820 482,185
Worked in 2010 17,059,080 8,939,750 8,119,330
Worked full-time in 2010 13,672,295 7,738,995 5,933,300
Worked part-time in 2010 3,386,785 1,200,755 2,186,035
Place of work status
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by place of work statusNational Household Survey data footnote 94 16,595,035 8,634,310 7,960,725
Worked at home 1,142,640 582,150 560,490
Worked outside Canada 66,460 47,355 19,100
No fixed workplace address 1,868,245 1,400,485 467,760
Worked at usual place 13,517,690 6,604,325 6,913,370
Mode of transportation
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportationNational Household Survey data footnote 95 15,385,935 8,004,810 7,381,125
Car, truck or van - as a driver 11,393,140 6,238,835 5,154,305
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 867,050 349,530 517,520
Public transit 1,851,525 788,290 1,063,235
Walked 880,815 387,580 493,230
Bicycle 201,780 135,840 65,940
Other methods 191,625 104,725 86,900
Median commuting duration
Total employed population aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by median commuting durationNational Household Survey data footnote 96 15,385,940 8,004,810 7,381,130
Median commuting duration 20.5 20.7 20.2
Time leaving for work
Total employed population aged 15 years and over by time leaving for workNational Household Survey data footnote 97 15,385,940 8,004,810 7,381,130
Between 5 and 6:59 a.m. 3,763,245 2,494,975 1,268,265
Between 7 and 9:00 a.m. 8,589,130 3,994,550 4,594,585
Anytime after 9:00 a.m. 3,033,565 1,515,285 1,518,280
Occupied private dwelling characteristics
Total number of occupied private dwellings by condition of dwellingNational Household Survey data footnote 98 13,319,250 ... ...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed 12,337,050 ... ...
Major repairs needed 982,200 ... ...
Total number of occupied private dwellings by period of constructionNational Household Survey data footnote 99 13,319,255 ... ...
1960 or before 3,273,105 ... ...
1961 to 1980 4,152,715 ... ...
1981 to 1990 2,112,110 ... ...
1991 to 2000 1,707,880 ... ...
2001 to 2005 1,031,020 ... ...
2006 to 2011National Household Survey data footnote 100 1,042,430 ... ...
Total number of occupied private dwellings by number of roomsNational Household Survey data footnote 101 13,319,250 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 3,629,460 ... ...
5 rooms 2,074,865 ... ...
6 rooms 1,908,835 ... ...
7 rooms 1,726,740 ... ...
8 or more rooms 3,979,350 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.3 ... ...
Total number of occupied private dwellings by number of bedroomsNational Household Survey data footnote 102 13,319,250 ... ...
0 to 1 bedroom 1,948,220 ... ...
2 bedrooms 3,334,910 ... ...
3 bedrooms 4,740,660 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 3,295,465 ... ...
Household characteristics
Total number of private households by tenureNational Household Survey data footnote 103 13,319,250 ... ...
Owner 9,185,845 ... ...
Renter 4,078,225 ... ...
Band housing 55,180 ... ...
Total number of private households by condominium statusNational Household Survey data footnote 104 13,319,250 ... ...
Part of a condominium development 1,615,485 ... ...
Not part of a condominium development 11,703,765 ... ...
Total number of private households by number of household maintainersNational Household Survey data footnote 105 13,319,250 ... ...
1 household maintainer 7,981,845 ... ...
2 household maintainers 5,059,390 ... ...
3 or more household maintainers 278,010 ... ...
Total number of private households by age group of primary household maintainersNational Household Survey data footnote 106 13,319,250 ... ...
Under 25 years 458,910 ... ...
25 to 34 years 1,912,825 ... ...
35 to 44 years 2,388,765 ... ...
45 to 54 years 3,023,350 ... ...
55 to 64 years 2,560,680 ... ...
65 to 74 years 1,620,080 ... ...
75 years and over 1,354,635 ... ...
Total number of private households by number of persons per roomNational Household Survey data footnote 107 13,319,255 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 13,049,830 ... ...
More than one person per room 269,425 ... ...
Total number of private households by housing suitabilityNational Household Survey data footnote 108 13,319,250 ... ...
Suitable 12,525,660 ... ...
Not suitable 793,585 ... ...
Shelter costs
Total number of owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratioNational Household Survey data footnote 109 13,049,255 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of household total income on shelter costs 9,763,275 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of household total income on shelter costs 3,285,980 ... ...
Spending 30% to less than 100% of household total income on shelter costs 2,699,045 ... ...
Number of owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings 9,013,410 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgageNational Household Survey data footnote 110 58.6 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of household total income on shelter costsNational Household Survey data footnote 111 18.5 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)National Household Survey data footnote 112 978 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)National Household Survey data footnote 112 1,141 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)National Household Survey data footnote 113 280,552 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)National Household Survey data footnote 113 345,182 ... ...
Number of tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings 4,060,385 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingNational Household Survey data footnote 114 13.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of household total income on shelter costsNational Household Survey data footnote 115 40.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)National Household Survey data footnote 116 784 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)National Household Survey data footnote 116 848 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2010
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and overNational Household Survey data footnote 117 27,259,520 13,295,350 13,964,170
Without income 1,341,015 580,700 760,320
With income 25,918,505 12,714,650 13,203,855
Under $5,000National Household Survey data footnote 118 2,574,080 1,235,710 1,338,365
$5,000 to $9,999 1,917,960 700,655 1,217,310
$10,000 to $14,999 2,393,830 911,390 1,482,440
$15,000 to $19,999 2,441,880 953,490 1,488,385
$20,000 to $29,999 3,670,020 1,588,260 2,081,760
$30,000 to $39,999 3,180,360 1,522,190 1,658,170
$40,000 to $49,999 2,603,520 1,333,510 1,270,010
$50,000 to $59,999 1,921,650 1,079,780 841,870
$60,000 to $79,999 2,437,440 1,473,145 964,300
$80,000 to $99,999 1,302,045 823,720 478,330
$100,000 and over 1,475,715 1,092,805 382,910
$100,000 to $124,999 693,580 492,905 200,680
$125,000 and over 782,135 599,905 182,230
Median income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 119 29,878 36,211 24,606
Average income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 119 40,650 48,594 33,000
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and overNational Household Survey data footnote 120 27,259,525 13,295,355 13,964,175
Without after-tax income 1,344,645 580,760 763,885
With after-tax income 25,914,880 12,714,595 13,200,285
Under $5,000National Household Survey data footnote 121 2,628,615 1,249,795 1,378,815
$5,000 to $9,999 1,960,365 707,595 1,252,770
$10,000 to $14,999 2,453,170 938,990 1,514,185
$15,000 to $19,999 2,654,470 1,050,265 1,604,205
$20,000 to $29,999 4,341,540 1,936,660 2,404,885
$30,000 to $39,999 3,790,600 1,884,990 1,905,610
$40,000 to $49,999 2,816,630 1,542,605 1,274,025
$50,000 to $59,999 1,849,630 1,099,280 750,345
$60,000 to $79,999 2,028,080 1,277,340 750,740
$80,000 to $99,999 709,185 502,455 206,730
$100,000 and over 682,605 524,615 157,985
Median after-tax income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 122 27,334 32,434 23,080
Average after-tax income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 122 33,998 39,716 28,490
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over (%)National Household Survey data footnote 123 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)National Household Survey data footnote 124 87.6 90.8 83.1
Employment income (%)National Household Survey data footnote 125 74.7 77.7 70.4
Wages and salaries (%)National Household Survey data footnote 126 70.3 72.6 66.9
Self-employment income (%)National Household Survey data footnote 127 4.4 5.0 3.5
Investment income (%)National Household Survey data footnote 128 4.6 4.5 4.8
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (%)National Household Survey data footnote 129 6.7 7.1 6.1
Other money income (%)National Household Survey data footnote 130 1.7 1.5 1.8
Government transfer payments (%)National Household Survey data footnote 131 12.4 9.2 16.9
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (%)National Household Survey data footnote 132 3.5 3.0 4.1
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement (%)National Household Survey data footnote 133 3.1 2.2 4.3
Employment Insurance benefits (%)National Household Survey data footnote 134 1.8 1.5 2.1
Child benefits (%)National Household Survey data footnote 135 1.5 0.1 3.5
Other income from government sources (%)National Household Survey data footnote 136 2.6 2.4 2.8
Income taxes paid as a % of total incomeNational Household Survey data footnote 137 16.4 18.3 13.7
After-tax income as a % of total incomeNational Household Survey data footnote 138 83.6 81.7 86.3
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total incomeNational Household Survey data footnote 139 1.9 2.1 1.6
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010National Household Survey data footnote 140 9,473,490 5,318,585 4,154,905
Median employment income in 2010 ($) 47,868 53,046 42,181
Average employment income in 2010 ($) 58,129 65,400 48,820
Family income in 2010 of economic familiesNational Household Survey data footnote 141 9,254,165 ... ...
Median family income ($) 76,511 ... ...
Average family income ($) 94,125 ... ...
Median after-tax family income ($) 67,044 ... ...
Average after-tax family income ($) 78,517 ... ...
Average family size 3.0 ... ...
Couple-only economic familiesNational Household Survey data footnote 142 3,469,550 ... ...
Median family income ($) 68,340 ... ...
Average family income ($) 84,831 ... ...
Median after-tax family income ($) 59,975 ... ...
Average after-tax family income ($) 70,562 ... ...
Average family size 2.0 ... ...
Couple-with-children economic familiesNational Household Survey data footnote 143 4,139,655 ... ...
Median family income ($) 97,270 ... ...
Average family income ($) 115,282 ... ...
Median after-tax family income ($) 83,801 ... ...
Average after-tax family income ($) 95,284 ... ...
Average family size 4.0 ... ...
Lone-parent economic familiesNational Household Survey data footnote 144 1,335,435 ... ...
Median family income ($) 45,163 ... ...
Average family income ($) 55,519 ... ...
Median after-tax family income ($) 42,401 ... ...
Average after-tax family income ($) 48,930 ... ...
Average family size 2.6 ... ...
Income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over not in economic familiesNational Household Survey data footnote 145 4,903,505 2,362,280 2,541,225
Median total income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 146 28,018 31,348 25,351
Average total income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 146 37,225 40,675 34,019
Median after-tax income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 147 25,761 28,197 23,917
Average after-tax income ($)National Household Survey data footnote 147 31,497 33,751 29,401
Total population by decile of adjusted after-tax family incomeNational Household Survey data footnote 148 32,852,325 16,163,115 16,689,210
In bottom half of the Canadian distribution 16,426,160 7,822,780 8,603,385
In bottom decile 3,285,210 1,584,875 1,700,335
In second decile 3,285,275 1,455,385 1,829,895
In third decile 3,285,180 1,558,660 1,726,520
In fourth decile 3,285,265 1,601,990 1,683,280
In fifth decile 3,285,230 1,621,875 1,663,355
In top half of the Canadian distribution 16,426,165 8,340,335 8,085,825
In sixth decile 3,285,215 1,639,560 1,645,655
In seventh decile 3,285,250 1,655,430 1,629,820
In eighth decile 3,285,235 1,668,260 1,616,975
In ninth decile 3,285,230 1,678,940 1,606,290
In top decile 3,285,235 1,698,140 1,587,090
Income of households in 2010
Household total income in 2010 of private householdsNational Household Survey data footnote 149 13,319,255 ... ...
Under $5,000 361,615 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 265,090 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 447,540 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 694,405 ... ...
$20,000 to $29,999 1,193,925 ... ...
$30,000 to $39,999 1,271,675 ... ...
$40,000 to $49,999 1,206,800 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 1,102,120 ... ...
$60,000 to $79,999 1,865,280 ... ...
$80,000 to $99,999 1,458,240 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 1,260,770 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 802,555 ... ...
$150,000 and over 1,389,240 ... ...
After-tax income of households in 2010 of private householdsNational Household Survey data footnote 150 13,319,255 ... ...
Under $5,000 370,285 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 267,880 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 456,275 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 728,385 ... ...
$20,000 to $29,999 1,360,815 ... ...
$30,000 to $39,999 1,494,520 ... ...
$40,000 to $49,999 1,442,790 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 1,278,415 ... ...
$60,000 to $79,999 2,092,915 ... ...
$80,000 to $99,999 1,437,320 ... ...
$100,000 and over 2,389,655 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 1,088,175 ... ...
$125,000 and over 1,301,475 ... ...
Household income in 2010 of private householdsNational Household Survey data footnote 151 13,319,255 ... ...
Median household total income ($) 61,072 ... ...
Average household total income ($) 79,102 ... ...
Median after-tax household income ($) 54,089 ... ...
Average after-tax household income ($) 66,149 ... ...
One-person private householdsNational Household Survey data footnote 152 3,662,800 ... ...
Median household total income ($) 30,534 ... ...
Average household total income ($) 40,054 ... ...
Median after-tax household income ($) 27,733 ... ...
Average after-tax household income ($) 33,702 ... ...
Two-or-more-persons private householdsNational Household Survey data footnote 152 9,656,450 ... ...
Median household total income ($) 76,437 ... ...
Average household total income ($) 93,913 ... ...
Median after-tax household income ($) 67,036 ... ...
Average after-tax household income ($) 78,456 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2010
Population in private households for income statusNational Household Survey data footnote 153 32,386,170 15,927,865 16,458,305
Less than 18 years 6,726,315 3,458,525 3,267,790
Less than 6 years 2,181,280 1,114,675 1,066,605
18 to 64 years 21,141,920 10,401,950 10,739,975
65 years and over 4,517,930 2,067,390 2,450,545
In low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT) 4,812,120 2,219,010 2,593,110
Less than 18 years 1,162,785 597,105 565,680
Less than 6 years 394,595 201,770 192,825
18 to 64 years 3,044,390 1,415,865 1,628,525
65 years and over 604,940 206,040 398,900
Prevalence of low income in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure (%) 14.9 13.9 15.8
Less than 18 years (%) 17.3 17.3 17.3
Less than 6 years (%) 18.1 18.1 18.1
18 to 64 years (%) 14.4 13.6 15.2
65 years and over (%) 13.4 10.0 16.3

Symbols

... not applicable

National Household Survey data: Footnotes

Footnote 1

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 2

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 3

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 4

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 5

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 6

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 7

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 8

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 9

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 10

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 11

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 12

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 13

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 14

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 15

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 16

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 17

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 18

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 19

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 20

Recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2006 and May 10, 2011. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 21

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 22

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 23

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 24

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 28

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 29

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 30

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 33

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 35

This is a total population estimate.  The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the NHS.

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Footnote 36

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer,' 'Manitoban').

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Footnote 37

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 38

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 39

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 40

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 41

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 42

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 43

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Guadelupian,' 'Aruban').

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Footnote 44

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 45

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Ewe,' 'Wolof').

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Footnote 46

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 47

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 48

Some respondents may choose to provide very specific ethnic origins in the National Household Survey (NHS), while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ethnic ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different ethnic origins. For example, one respondent may report 'East Indian' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Punjabi' or 'South Asian' origins; one respondent may report 'Black' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Ghanaian' or 'African.' As a result, ethnic origin data are very fluid, and counts for certain origins, such as 'East Indian' and 'Black,' may seem lower than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ethnic origins together or use counts for ethnic categories such as 'South Asian origins' or 'African origins.' (Please note, however, that 'African origins' should not be considered equivalent to the 'Black' population group or visible minority status, as there are persons reporting African origins who report a population group or visible minority status other than 'Black.' Conversely, many people report a population group or visible minority status of 'Black' and do not report having 'African' origins. For information on population group and visible minority population in the 2011 NHS, refer to the appropriate definitions in this publication.)

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Footnote 49

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 50

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 51

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bhutanese').

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Footnote 52

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian,' 'Karen').

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Footnote 53

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 54

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 55

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

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Footnote 56

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 57

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 58

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 59

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 60

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.' Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 61

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the National Household Survey.

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Footnote 62

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.' Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 63

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 64

Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation. The category 'Non-official languages spoken' represents the sum of single language responses and multiple language responses received in the National Household Survey. Hence, this total is greater than the total population.

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Footnote 65

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

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Footnote 66

This is a subtotal of all Aboriginal languages collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

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Footnote 67

This is a subtotal of all non-Aboriginal languages, other than English or French, collected on May 10, 2011 that are not displayed separately here.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 69

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 70

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom. For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 71

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 72

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 73

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 74

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 75

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 76

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 77

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 78

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 79

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 80

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed. Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees. For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 81

Population by language used most often at work . Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

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Footnote 82

Cree languages include the following categories: Cree not otherwise specified (which refers to those who reported 'Cree'), Swampy Cree, Plains Cree, Woods Cree, and a category labelled 'Cree not included elsewhere' (which includes Moose Cree, Northern East Cree and Southern East Cree).

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Footnote 83

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011. In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 84

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers. 

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Footnote 85

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 86

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 87

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 88

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011. 

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Footnote 89

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 90

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 91

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 92

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

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Footnote 93

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

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Footnote 94

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 95

Refers to the main mode of transportation a respondent uses to travel between his or her home and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 96

Refers to how many minutes it took for a person to travel from home to work. Median commuting duration is the value which divides the commuting duration into two equal halves, i.e., the commuting duration of individuals for the first half is below the median, while the commuting distance of individuals for the second half is above the median.

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Footnote 97

Time at which a respondent usually leaves home to go to work.

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Footnote 98

Condition of dwelling - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 99

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

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Footnote 100

Includes data up to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 101

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining room and living room arrangements).

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Footnote 102

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 103

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling, or whether the dwelling is band housing (on an Indian reserve or settlement).

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Footnote 104

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 105

Household maintainer - Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

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Footnote 106

Primary household maintainer - First person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity bill, and so on, for the dwelling. The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which the respondent lists the persons on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by that person's spouse or common-law partner and by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by the person. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 107

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 108

Housing suitability - Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the National Occupancy Standard. Housing suitability assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, the number of persons per room, considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members. Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 109

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Percentage of a household's average total monthly income which is spent on shelter-related expenses. Those expenses include the monthly rent (for tenants) or the mortgage payment, property taxes and condominium fees (for owners) and the costs of electricity, heat, municipal services, etc. The percentage is calculated by dividing the total shelter-related expenses by the household's total monthly income and multiplying the result by 100. Includes owner and tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings with household total income greater than zero in 2010 (i.e., excludes negative or zero household total income). The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2011, while household total income is reported for the year 2010. As well, for some households, the 2010 household total income may represent income for only part of a year. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income refers to the total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income, before income taxes and deductions, during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 110

Presence of mortgage - Refers to whether the owner households reported mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 111

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio for owner households - Percentage of an owner household's average total monthly income which is spent on shelter-related expenses. Those expenses include the mortgage payment, property taxes and condominium fees and the costs of electricity, heat, municipal services, etc. The percentage is calculated by dividing the total shelter-related expenses by the household's total monthly income and multiplying the result by 100. Includes owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings with household total income greater than zero in 2010 (i.e., excludes negative or zero household total income). The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2011, while household total income is reported for the year 2010. As well, for some households, the 2010 household total income may represent income for only part of a year. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income refers to the total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income, before income taxes and deductions, during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 112

Shelter cost for owned dwellings - Includes all shelter expenses paid by households that own their dwellings, such as the mortgage payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services, property taxes and condominium fees.

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Footnote 113

Value of dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the dwelling were to be sold.

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Footnote 114

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 115

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio for tenant households - Percentage of a tenant household's average total monthly income which is spent on shelter-related expenses. Those expenses include the monthly rent and the costs of electricity, heat, municipal services, etc. The percentage is calculated by dividing the total shelter-related expenses by the household's total monthly income and multiplying the result by 100. Includes tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings with household total income greater than zero in 2010 (i.e., excludes negative or zero household total income). The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2011, while household total income is reported for the year 2010. As well, for some households, the 2010 household total income may represent income for only part of a year. Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income refers to the total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income, before income taxes and deductions, during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 116

Shelter costs for rented dwellings - Includes all shelter expenses paid by households that rent their dwellings, such as the monthly rent and the costs of electricity, heat and municipal services.

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Footnote 117

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years). Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group. Median and average of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative). Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 118

Including loss.

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Footnote 119

For population with income.

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Footnote 120

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years). Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group. Median and average of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative). Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 121

Including loss.

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Footnote 122

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 123

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area. Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 124

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

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Footnote 125

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

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Footnote 126

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

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Footnote 127

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice. Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded. Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 128

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

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Footnote 129

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

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Footnote 130

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

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Footnote 131

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in: the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor; benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan; benefits from Employment Insurance; child benefits; other income from government sources.

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Footnote 132

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

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Footnote 133

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 134

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

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Footnote 135

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

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Footnote 136

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

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Footnote 137

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

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Footnote 138

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

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Footnote 139

Net capital gains or losses - Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds). Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded. Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products. Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

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Footnote 140

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income. Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included. Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc. Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded. Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group. Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group. Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative). The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings. Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week). Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 141

Economic family total income - The total income of an economic family is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that family. Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. After-tax income of economic families - The after-tax income of an economic family is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that family. After-tax income of family members or persons not in families refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of economic families - The median income of a specified group of families is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves. That is, the incomes of the first half of the families are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of families are normally calculated for all units in the specified group, whether or not they reported income. Average income of economic families - Average income of economic families refers to the weighted mean total income of families in 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of families (for example, husband-wife families with working wives) by the number of families in that group, whether or not they reported income. The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of economic families. Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex.

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Footnote 142

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families. Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person. Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person. Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 143

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families. Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person. Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person. Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family. Presence of children - Refers to the number of children in private households by age groups. To be included, children must live in the same household as the family, without a married spouse, common-law partner or one or more of their children living in the same household. In a census family, they may be children by birth, marriage or adoption. In an economic family, foster children are also included.

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Footnote 144

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families. Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person. Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person. Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 145

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of persons not in economic families - The median income of a specified group of persons not in economic families (for example, males aged 55 to 64) is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves. That is, the incomes of the first half of the persons are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in economic families are normally calculated for all units in the specified group, whether or not they reported income. Average income of persons not in economic families - Average income of persons not in economic families refers to the weighted mean total income of the persons not in economic families in 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of persons not in economic families by the number of persons in that group, whether or not they reported income. The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of persons not in economic families. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011. Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family. Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without after-tax income (with an after-tax income of zero).

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

Adjusted after-tax income for economic families and persons not in economic families - For economic family members, this refers to economic family after-tax income that has been adjusted by a factor that accounts for family size. The adjustment factor takes into account the lower relative needs of additional family members, as compared to a single person living alone. For use with the NHS income data, the adjusted after-tax income is computed as the economic family after-tax income divided by the square root of family size. For persons not in economic families, the adjusted after-tax income is set at after-tax income. This is equivalent to a factor of 1.0 for a person not in an economic family. Decile of adjusted after-tax family income - The deciles divide the population ranked by size of adjusted after-tax family income into 10 groups of equal size. The population in the bottom decile is the one who falls in the lower 10 percent of the adjusted after-tax family income distribution. The population in the top decile is the one who falls in the highest ten percent of the adjusted after-tax family income distribution. The 10 groups were formed with the full population in private households of Canada, whether or not they reported income.

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition. Household, private - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. Household members who are temporarily absent on May 10, 2011 (e.g., temporarily residing elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. Every person is a member of one and only one household.

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

After-tax income of households - The after-tax income of a household is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that household. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Household, private - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. Household members who are temporarily absent on May 10, 2011 (e.g., temporarily residing elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. Every person is a member of one and only one household.

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household. After-tax income of households - The after-tax income of a household is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that household. Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income. After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. Median income of households - The median income of a specified group of households is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves. That is, the incomes of the first half of the households are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of households are normally calculated for all units in the specified group, whether or not they reported income. Average income of households - Average income of households refers to the weighted mean total income of households in 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of households (for example, two person households) by the number of households in that specific group, whether or not they reported income. The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of households. Household, private - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. Household members who are temporarily absent on May 10, 2011 (e.g., temporarily residing elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. Every person is a member of one and only one household.

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

Household size - Refers to the number of usual residents in a private household.

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

Income status can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household. All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status. Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey. For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006. Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to National Household Survey data footnote 153 referrer

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2013. Canada (Code 01) (table). National Household Survey (NHS) Profile. 2011 National Household Survey. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-004-XWE. Ottawa. Released September 11, 2013.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 19, 2024).

Data source

2011 National Household Survey

NHS data quality

Canada

  • Global non-response rate (GNR) = 26.1%
  • Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Census data

Census data

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Census data, Canada. Table summary
The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic Canada

(Country)
Total Male Female
Population and dwelling counts
Population in 2011Census data footnote 1 33,476,688  ... ...
Population in 2006Census data footnote 1 31,612,897  ... ...
2006 to 2011 population change (%) 5.9 ... ...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2 14,569,633 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3 13,320,614 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 3.7 ... ...
Land area (square km) 8,965,121.42 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total population by age groupsCensus data footnote 4 33,476,685 16,414,225 17,062,460
0 to 4 years 1,877,095 961,150 915,945
5 to 9 years 1,809,895 925,965 883,935
10 to 14 years 1,920,355 983,995 936,360
15 to 19 years 2,178,135 1,115,845 1,062,295
15 years 423,755 216,765 206,985
16 years 432,490 222,445 210,045
17 years 434,060 223,015 211,045
18 years 439,700 225,050 214,650
19 years 448,130 228,570 219,560
20 to 24 years 2,187,450 1,108,775 1,078,670
25 to 29 years 2,169,590 1,077,275 1,092,315
30 to 34 years 2,162,905 1,058,810 1,104,095
35 to 39 years 2,173,930 1,064,200 1,109,735
40 to 44 years 2,324,875 1,141,720 1,183,155
45 to 49 years 2,675,130 1,318,715 1,356,420
50 to 54 years 2,658,965 1,309,030 1,349,940
55 to 59 years 2,340,635 1,147,300 1,193,335
60 to 64 years 2,052,670 1,002,690 1,049,985
65 to 69 years 1,521,715 738,010 783,705
70 to 74 years 1,153,065 543,435 609,630
75 to 79 years 922,700 417,945 504,755
80 to 84 years 702,070 291,085 410,985
85 years and over 645,515 208,300 437,215
Median age of the populationCensus data footnote 5 40.6 39.6 41.5
% of the population aged 15 and over 83.2 82.5 84.0
Marital status
Total population 15 years and over by marital statusCensus data footnote 6 27,869,340 13,543,130 14,326,215
Married or living with a common-law partner 16,084,490 8,045,795 8,038,700
Married (and not separated) 12,941,960 6,470,300 6,471,660
Living common law 3,142,525 1,575,495 1,567,035
Not married and not living with a common-law partner 11,784,855 5,497,335 6,287,515
Single (never legally married) 7,816,045 4,206,320 3,609,730
Separated 698,240 299,655 398,585
Divorced 1,686,035 680,415 1,005,620
Widowed 1,584,530 310,940 1,273,590
Family characteristics
Total number of census families in private householdsCensus data footnote 7 9,389,695 ... ...
Size of census family: 2 persons 4,679,700 ... ...
Size of census family: 3 persons 2,048,560 ... ...
Size of census family: 4 persons 1,870,305 ... ...
Size of census family: 5 or more persons 791,130 ... ...
Total number of census families in private householdsCensus data footnote 8 9,389,700 ... ...
Total couple families by family structure and number of children 7,861,855 ... ...
Married couples 6,293,950 ... ...
Without children at home 2,891,215 ... ...
With children at home 3,402,735 ... ...
1 child 1,288,775 ... ...
2 children 1,475,220 ... ...
3 or more children 638,740 ... ...
Common-law couples 1,567,910 ... ...
Without children at home 861,350 ... ...
With children at home 706,555 ... ...
1 child 321,865 ... ...
2 children 273,620 ... ...
3 or more children 111,075 ... ...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent and number of children 1,527,845 ... ...
Female parent 1,200,295 ... ...
1 child 710,225 ... ...
2 children 352,150 ... ...
3 or more children 137,920 ... ...
Male parent 327,545 ... ...
1 child 216,910 ... ...
2 children 85,770 ... ...
3 or more children 24,860 ... ...
Total children in census families in private households 9,971,320 ... ...
Under six years of age 2,217,355 ... ...
6 to 14 years 3,322,875 ... ...
15 to 17 years 1,240,565 ... ...
18 to 24 years 2,062,245 ... ...
25 years and over 1,128,280 ... ...
Average number of children at home per census family 1.1 ... ...
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total number of persons in private households 32,856,980 16,153,945 16,703,035
Number of persons not in census families 5,634,105 2,678,530 2,955,575
Living with relativesCensus data footnote 9 735,685 309,510 426,175
Living with non-relatives only 1,225,115 689,960 535,150
Living alone 3,673,310 1,679,055 1,994,250
Number of census family persons 27,222,870 13,475,410 13,747,460
Average number of persons per census family 2.9 ... ...
Total number of persons aged 65 years and over in private households 4,551,900 2,081,795 2,470,110
Number of persons not in census families aged 65 years and over 1,527,630 445,865 1,081,770
Living with relativesCensus data footnote 9 224,755 52,375 172,380
Living with non-relatives only 87,185 42,230 44,955
Living alone 1,215,695 351,260 864,435
Number of census family persons aged 65 years and over 3,024,275 1,635,935 1,388,340
Total number of private households by household typeCensus data footnote 10 13,320,615 ... ...
Census-family households 9,103,965 ... ...
One-family-only householdsCensus data footnote 11 8,263,885 ... ...
Couple-family householdsCensus data footnote 12 7,070,680 ... ...
Without children 3,394,480 ... ...
With children 3,676,200 ... ...
Lone-parent-family households 1,193,210 ... ...
Other family householdsCensus data footnote 13 840,075 ... ...
One-family households with persons not in a census family 572,015 ... ...
Couple-family householdsCensus data footnote 14 389,775 ... ...
Without children 144,240 ... ...
With children 245,535 ... ...
Lone-parent-family households 182,240 ... ...
Two-or-more-family households 268,065 ... ...
Non-census-family households 4,216,650 ... ...
One-person households 3,673,305 ... ...
Two-or-more-person households 543,345 ... ...
Total number of occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwellingCensus data footnote 15 13,320,615 ... ...
Single-detached house 7,329,150 ... ...
Apartment, building that has five or more storeys 1,234,770 ... ...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 16 183,510 ... ...
Other dwellingCensus data footnote 17 4,573,185 ... ...
Semi-detached house 646,245 ... ...
Row house 791,600 ... ...
Apartment, duplex 704,485 ... ...
Apartment, building that has fewer than five storeys 2,397,550 ... ...
Other single-attached house 33,310 ... ...
Total number of private households by household sizeCensus data footnote 18 13,320,615 ... ...
1 person 3,673,310 ... ...
2 persons 4,544,820 ... ...
3 persons 2,081,900 ... ...
4 persons 1,903,300 ... ...
5 persons 724,405 ... ...
6 or more persons 392,885 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 32,856,975 ... ...
Average number of persons in private households 2.5 ... ...
Detailed mother tongue
Detailed mother tongue - Total population excluding institutional residentsCensus data footnote 19 33,121,175 16,265,870 16,855,305
  Single responses  32,481,635 15,955,395 16,526,240
    English  18,858,980 9,345,225 9,513,750
    French  7,054,975 3,452,380 3,602,590
    Non-official languages  6,567,680 3,157,785 3,409,895
      Selected Aboriginal languagesCensus data footnote 20 177,360 86,870 90,490
        Atikamekw    5,820 2,975 2,845
        Cree, n.o.s.  77,900 38,055 39,845
        Dene  11,215 5,500 5,720
        Innu/Montagnais  10,785 5,205 5,580
        Inuktitut  33,500 16,725 16,775
        Mi'kmaq  7,635 3,715 3,920
        Ojibway  17,625 8,340 9,285
        Oji-Cree  9,835 4,890 4,945
        Stoney  3,050 1,465 1,580
Selected non-Aboriginal languagesCensus data footnote 21 6,312,435 3,032,860 3,279,570
        African languages, n.i.e 9,125 4,920 4,205
        Afrikaans  8,770 4,370 4,400
        Akan (Twi)  12,680 6,145 6,535
        Albanian  23,820 12,205 11,610
        Amharic  18,020 8,745 9,275
        Arabic  327,870 175,535 152,335
        Armenian  29,795 14,525 15,265
        Bantu languages, n.i.e 7,150 3,565 3,590
        Bengali  59,370 30,555 28,815
        Berber languages (Kabyle)  5,855 3,210 2,645
        Bisayan languages  16,240 6,185 10,055
        Bosnian  11,685 5,805 5,875
        Bulgarian  19,050 9,305 9,740
        Burmese  2,985 1,515 1,470
        Cantonese  372,460 173,510 198,955
        Chinese, n.o.s.  425,210 200,800 224,410
        Creoles  61,725 27,620 34,105
        Croatian  49,730 24,395 25,335
        Czech  23,585 11,350 12,230
        Danish  14,145 6,950 7,200
        Dutch  110,490 54,060 56,425
        Estonian  6,385 2,755 3,630
        Finnish  17,415 7,390 10,020
        Flemish  4,690 2,060 2,635
        Fukien  5,925 2,730 3,190
        German  409,200 195,415 213,785
        Greek  108,925 55,085 53,840
        Gujarati  91,450 45,570 45,875
        Hakka  5,115 2,360 2,755
        Hebrew  18,450 9,865 8,585
        Hindi  90,545 45,170 45,375
        Hungarian  67,920 32,740 35,180
        Ilocano  17,915 6,945 10,965
        Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e 5,255 2,860 2,395
        Italian  407,485 201,985 205,510
        Japanese  39,985 14,035 25,955
        Khmer (Cambodian)  19,440 9,095 10,345
        Korean  137,925 64,090 73,835
        Kurdish  9,805 5,350 4,445
        Lao  12,970 6,375 6,590
        Latvian  6,200 2,700 3,505
        Lingala  3,085 1,440 1,645
        Lithuanian  7,245 3,080 4,165
        Macedonian  17,245 8,405 8,840
        Malay  10,910 4,845 6,060
        Malayalam  16,080 8,200 7,875
        Maltese  6,220 3,125 3,100
        Mandarin  248,705 116,480 132,225
        Marathi  5,830 3,030 2,805
        Nepali  8,480 4,350 4,135
        Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e 14,075 7,385 6,685
        Norwegian  5,800 2,745 3,055
        Oromo  11,140 6,075 5,060
        Panjabi (Punjabi)  430,705 217,015 213,685
        Pashto  12,465 6,470 5,990
        Persian (Farsi)  170,045 86,810 83,235
        Polish  191,645 87,905 103,745
        Portuguese  211,335 102,320 109,015
        Romanian  90,300 43,475 46,820
        Rundi (Kirundi)  3,975 1,875 2,100
        Russian  164,330 75,275 89,050
        Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)  3,895 1,710 2,185
        Semitic languages, n.i.e 16,970 8,395 8,575
        Serbian  56,420 28,125 28,290
        Serbo-Croatian  10,155 4,940 5,215
        Shanghainese  2,920 1,230 1,695
        Sign languages, n.i.e 3,815 2,050 1,760
        Sindhi  11,330 5,290 6,040
        Sinhala (Sinhalese)  14,185 7,070 7,110
        Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e 4,360 2,225 2,135
        Slavic languages, n.i.e 3,630 1,850 1,785
        Slovak  17,580 8,045 9,540
        Slovenian  10,775 5,015 5,760
        Somali  31,380 14,260 17,120
        Spanish  410,670 199,110 211,565
        Swahili  10,090 5,050 5,045
        Swedish  7,350 3,170 4,175
        Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)  327,445 131,405 196,045
        Taiwanese  9,635 4,450 5,185
        Tamil  131,265 65,145 66,120
        Telugu  9,315 4,910 4,405
        Thai  7,935 2,505 5,425
        Tibetan languages  4,640 2,365 2,270
        Tigrigna  10,220 4,990 5,230
        Turkish  29,640 15,865 13,775
        Ukrainian  111,540 49,570 61,975
        Urdu  172,800 88,295 84,500
        Vietnamese  144,880 68,255 76,625
        Yiddish  15,205 7,400 7,805
      Other languagesCensus data footnote 22 77,890 38,055 39,835
  Multiple responses          639,540 310,480 329,060
    English and French  144,685 69,975 74,710
    English and non-official language  396,330 192,000 204,330
    French and non-official language  74,430 36,535 37,890
    English, French and non-official language 24,095 11,965 12,130
Knowledge of official languages
Knowledge of official languages - Total population excluding institutional residentsCensus data footnote 19 33,121,175 16,265,870 16,855,305
  English only 22,564,665 11,222,185 11,342,485
  French only 4,165,015 1,925,340 2,239,680
  English and French 5,795,570 2,876,560 2,919,005
  Neither English nor French 595,920 241,790 354,135
First official language spoken
First official language spoken - Total population excluding institutional residentsCensus data footnote 19 33,121,175 16,265,875 16,855,300
  English 24,662,900 12,172,545 12,490,350
  French 7,507,890 3,671,815 3,836,075
  English and French 367,635 186,235 181,405
  Neither English nor French 582,755 235,280 347,475
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 23 7,691,705 3,764,930 3,926,770
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 23 23.2 23.1 23.3
Detailed language spoken most often at home
Detailed language spoken most often at home - Total population excluding institutional residentsCensus data footnote 19 33,121,175 16,265,875 16,855,300
  Single responses 31,958,800 15,701,165 16,257,640
    English 21,457,075 10,585,620 10,871,455
    French 6,827,865 3,348,235 3,479,625
    Non-official languages 3,673,865 1,767,310 1,906,555
      Selected Aboriginal languagesCensus data footnote 20 114,610 58,055 56,550
        Atikamekw   5,365 2,800 2,565
        Cree, n.o.s. 44,520 22,555 21,970
        Dene 7,960 4,025 3,940
        Innu/Montagnais 9,630 4,700 4,935
        Inuktitut 27,170 13,780 13,390
        Mi'kmaq 4,160 2,100 2,060
        Ojibway 6,850 3,555 3,295
        Oji-Cree 6,875 3,525 3,350
        Stoney 2,070 1,025 1,045
      Selected non-Aboriginal languagesCensus data footnote 21 3,531,990 1,695,585 1,836,405
        African languages, n.i.e. 4,130 2,085 2,045
        Afrikaans 4,465 2,230 2,235
        Akan (Twi) 6,545 2,980 3,560
        Albanian 13,765 6,985 6,775
        Amharic 10,760 5,065 5,695
        Arabic 181,790 92,840 88,950
        Armenian 19,140 9,035 10,105
        Bantu languages, n.i.e. 1,815 865 950
        Bengali 42,065 21,140 20,925
        Berber languages (Kabyle) 1,995 1,045 950
        Bisayan languages 5,390 2,395 2,995
        Bosnian 6,705 3,385 3,315
        Bulgarian 12,075 5,940 6,135
        Burmese 1,895 970 925
        Cantonese 288,620 133,355 155,265
        Chinese, n.o.s. 297,295 141,425 155,870
        Creoles 25,475 11,045 14,435
        Croatian 18,730 8,950 9,780
        Czech 7,415 3,595 3,820
        Danish 945 475 465
        Dutch 11,530 5,485 6,040
        Estonian 1,450 550 895
        Finnish 3,335 1,480 1,855
        Flemish 455 210 245
        Fukien 1,900 875 1,030
        German 126,375 61,350 65,030
        Greek 47,705 22,800 24,905
        Gujarati 55,725 27,220 28,505
        Hakka 2,050 945 1,110
        Hebrew 8,400 4,245 4,150
        Hindi 47,080 23,215 23,870
        Hungarian 22,945 10,780 12,165
        Ilocano 6,160 2,610 3,550
        Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 2,285 1,165 1,120
        Italian 139,480 61,990 77,485
        Japanese 18,850 8,010 10,835
        Khmer (Cambodian) 11,330 5,250 6,075
        Korean 104,905 49,660 55,245
        Kurdish 6,000 3,125 2,875
        Lao 6,980 3,445 3,540
        Latvian 1,625 715 910
        Lingala 880 400 485
        Lithuanian 2,115 915 1,205
        Macedonian 7,775 3,740 4,035
        Malay 3,940 1,935 2,005
        Malayalam 7,955 4,010 3,940
        Maltese 1,330 640 690
        Mandarin 203,275 97,960 105,320
        Marathi 2,800 1,450 1,345
        Nepali 6,320 3,215 3,105
        Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 3,785 1,800 1,985
        Norwegian 575 275 300
        Oromo 4,745 2,445 2,305
        Panjabi (Punjabi) 317,075 158,375 158,700
        Pashto 8,700 4,390 4,310
        Persian (Farsi) 118,830 58,420 60,415
        Polish 85,210 39,945 45,260
        Portuguese 97,210 46,445 50,760
        Romanian 54,460 26,580 27,880
        Rundi (Kirundi) 1,335 610 720
        Russian 109,735 52,320 57,420
        Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) 1,180 540 640
        Semitic languages, n.i.e. 11,670 5,640 6,030
        Serbian 34,885 17,100 17,780
        Serbo-Croatian 5,040 2,465 2,580
        Shanghainese 1,325 610 715
        Sign languages, n.i.e. 6,305 3,685 2,620
        Sindhi 4,870 2,175 2,695
        Sinhala (Sinhalese) 6,850 3,410 3,440
        Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 3,525 1,795 1,730
        Slavic languages, n.i.e. 1,135 545 590
        Slovak 5,370 2,545 2,825
        Slovenian 2,475 1,095 1,380
        Somali 21,665 9,665 12,000
        Spanish 252,015 123,085 128,935
        Swahili 4,175 2,040 2,130
        Swedish 1,130 535 595
        Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 161,080 71,145 89,935
        Taiwanese 4,830 2,315 2,515
        Tamil 98,940 48,355 50,590
        Telugu 5,205 2,675 2,530
        Thai 3,215 1,470 1,745
        Tibetan languages 3,620 1,835 1,785
        Tigrigna 5,975 2,845 3,130
        Turkish 18,705 9,510 9,190
        Ukrainian 25,565 11,505 14,065
        Urdu 113,785 57,100 56,680
        Vietnamese 104,960 49,550 55,410
        Yiddish 6,860 3,515 3,350
      Other languagesCensus data footnote 22 27,265 13,670 13,595
  Multiple responses         1,162,370 564,710 597,665
    English and French 131,205 63,475 67,730
    English and non-official language 875,135 425,370 449,765
    French and non-official language 109,700 53,010 56,690
    English, French and non-official language 46,330 22,845 23,485
Detailed other language spoken regularly at home
Detailed other language spoken regularly at home - Total population excluding institutional residentsCensus data footnote 19 33,121,175 16,265,870 16,855,305
  None 28,418,595 13,988,140 14,430,455
  Single responses  4,554,525 2,205,595 2,348,935
    English  1,910,475 948,755 961,715
    French  678,940 318,530 360,415
    Non-official languages  1,965,110 938,305 1,026,805
      Selected Aboriginal languagesCensus data footnote 20 62,935 29,835 33,100
        Atikamekw    470 205 265
        Cree, n.o.s.  32,750 15,645 17,105
        Dene  3,245 1,535 1,710
        Innu/Montagnais  1,065 490 580
        Inuktitut  7,230 3,510 3,720
        Mi'kmaq  3,135 1,435 1,700
        Ojibway  10,870 5,040 5,835
        Oji-Cree  3,300 1,570 1,730
        Stoney  865 410 455
      Selected non-Aboriginal languagesCensus data footnote 21 1,857,185 887,115 970,070
        African languages, n.i.e 3,625 1,930 1,695
        Afrikaans  4,185 2,075 2,110
        Akan (Twi)  6,105 3,010 3,095
        Albanian  6,155 3,095 3,055
        Amharic  5,665 2,785 2,875
        Arabic  116,375 62,625 53,755
        Armenian  6,690 3,270 3,420
        Bantu languages, n.i.e 3,595 1,735 1,860
        Bengali  11,405 5,925 5,475
        Berber languages (Kabyle)  2,040 1,085 955
        Bisayan languages  4,015 1,515 2,500
        Bosnian  3,365 1,635 1,730
        Bulgarian  3,985 1,850 2,135
        Burmese  860 425 435
        Cantonese  83,955 40,200 43,755
        Chinese, n.o.s.  74,930 35,840 39,090
        Creoles  44,100 19,795 24,305
        Croatian  19,045 9,240 9,805
        Czech  7,540 3,415 4,120
        Danish  4,800 2,145 2,655
        Dutch  34,465 15,800 18,660
        Estonian  2,240 955 1,285
        Finnish  5,670 2,355 3,310
        Flemish  995 405 585
        Fukien  2,315 1,080 1,235
        German  117,070 54,490 62,585
        Greek  50,670 25,670 25,005
        Gujarati  25,635 12,745 12,890
        Hakka  1,490 685 805
        Hebrew  14,270 7,170 7,095
        Hindi  55,375 28,080 27,290
        Hungarian  19,135 8,770 10,360
        Ilocano  4,880 1,895 2,990
        Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e 1,845 980 870
        Italian  156,885 77,220 79,665
        Japanese  19,050 7,875 11,175
        Khmer (Cambodian)  5,425 2,545 2,880
        Korean  22,870 10,620 12,255
        Kurdish  2,295 1,245 1,045
        Lao  3,830 1,915 1,915
        Latvian  1,880 760 1,125
        Lingala  4,235 1,965 2,270
        Lithuanian  2,120 855 1,260
        Macedonian  5,950 2,890 3,060
        Malay  4,320 1,915 2,405
        Malayalam  6,110 3,085 3,020
        Maltese  2,405 1,110 1,300
        Mandarin  47,785 21,575 26,205
        Marathi  1,740 870 875
        Nepali  1,175 605 565
        Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e 10,610 5,245 5,365
        Norwegian  1,935 885 1,050
        Oromo  3,315 1,740 1,580
        Panjabi (Punjabi)  83,180 42,490 40,695
        Pashto  2,315 1,245 1,075
        Persian (Farsi)  32,275 17,085 15,190
        Polish  54,580 24,580 30,005
        Portuguese  77,850 37,635 40,215
        Romanian  20,800 9,715 11,085
        Rundi (Kirundi)  1,925 925 1,000
        Russian  38,805 17,710 21,095
        Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)  1,805 775 1,030
        Semitic languages, n.i.e 3,685 1,850 1,835
        Serbian  14,890 7,460 7,425
        Serbo-Croatian  2,565 1,255 1,315
        Shanghainese  1,045 445 595
        Sign languages, n.i.e 4,300 1,800 2,505
        Sindhi  4,935 2,285 2,645
        Sinhala (Sinhalese)  6,060 3,030 3,030
        Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e 465 240 225
        Slavic languages, n.i.e 970 490 485
        Slovak  5,150 2,240 2,910
        Slovenian  3,415 1,515 1,900
        Somali  9,725 4,625 5,095
        Spanish  152,210 73,850 78,365
        Swahili  6,860 3,325 3,535
        Swedish  3,515 1,535 1,985
        Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)  107,960 40,085 67,870
        Taiwanese  4,065 1,915 2,145
        Tamil  27,625 13,960 13,665
        Telugu  2,550 1,365 1,190
        Thai  3,380 1,135 2,240
        Tibetan languages  595 320 280
        Tigrigna  3,330 1,640 1,690
        Turkish  7,815 4,250 3,565
        Ukrainian  32,740 14,290 18,450
        Urdu  45,580 23,440 22,145
        Vietnamese  32,280 15,455 16,830
        Yiddish  3,510 1,555 1,955
      Other languagesCensus data footnote 22 44,985 21,360 23,630
  Multiple responses          148,055 72,140 75,915
    English and French  40,280 20,290 19,995
    English and non-official language  49,905 24,725 25,180
    French and non-official language  56,385 26,370 30,010
    English, French and non-official language  1,485 755 730

Symbols

... not applicable

A possible reason for the use of the three dots (...) symbol is:

  • A value that cannot be calculated such as a percentage change where the denominator is zero.

 excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements (For further information, see the 'Notes.')

Census data: Footnotes

Footnote 1

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

Counts of the total population are rounded to a base of 5 for any dissemination block having a population of less than 15. Population counts for all standard geographic areas above the dissemination block level are derived by summing the adjusted dissemination block counts. The adjustment of dissemination block counts is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to census data footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

A separate set of living quarters designed for or converted for human habitation in which a person or group of persons reside or could reside. In addition, a private dwelling must have a source of heat or power and must be an enclosed space that provides shelter from the elements, as evidenced by complete and enclosed walls and roof, and by doors and windows that provide protection from wind, rain and snow.

Return to census data footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

A separate set of living quarters which has a private entrance either directly from outside or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway leading to the outside, and in which a person or a group of persons live permanently.

Return to census data footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Refer to the Census Dictionary for more information.

Return to census data footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

Return to census data footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 7

Census family - Refers to a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a lone parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family.

Return to census data footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Census family structure - Refers to the classification of census families into married couples (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), common-law couples (with or without children of either and/or both partners), and lone-parent families by sex of parent. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. A couple with children may be further classified as either an intact family or stepfamily, and stepfamilies may, in turn, be classified as simple or complex. Children in a census family include grandchildren living with their grandparent(s) but with no parents present.

Return to census data footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Non-relatives may be present.

Return to census data footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Refers to the basic division of private households into family and non-family households. Family household refers to a household that contains at least one census family, that is, a married couple with or without children, or a couple living common-law with or without children, or a lone parent living with one or more children (lone-parent family). One-family household refers to a single census family (with or without other persons) that occupies a private dwelling. Multiple-family household refers to a household in which two or more census families (with or without additional persons) occupy the same private dwelling. Family households may also be divided based on the presence of persons not in a census family.

Non-family household refers to either one person living alone in a private dwelling or to a group of two or more people who share a private dwelling, but who do not constitute a census family.

Return to census data footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Refers to households that consist solely of one census family without additional persons.

Return to census data footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Refers to households with opposite-sex or same-sex couples.

Return to census data footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Refers to one-census family households with additional persons and to multiple-census family households, with or without additional persons.

Return to census data footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Refers to households with opposite-sex or same-sex couples.

Return to census data footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Structural type of dwelling - Characteristics that define a dwelling's structure, for example, the characteristics of a single-detached house, a semi-detached house, a row house, or an apartment or flat in a duplex. Refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to census data footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats and railroad cars.

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Footnote 17

The category 'Other dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to census data footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Household, private - Person or group of persons occupying the same dwelling. Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy a private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada.

Household size - Number of persons occupying a private dwelling. Refers to the number of usual residents in a private household.

Return to census data footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

The population excluding institutional residents includes Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants (permanent residents) excluding those who live in institutions (institutional collective dwellings). Canadian citizens and landed immigrants either: (1) have a usual place of residence in Canada; (2) are abroad either on a military base or attached to a diplomatic mission; or (3) are at sea or in port aboard merchant vessels under Canadian registry or Canadian government vessels. Since 1991, the target population also includes persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who are claiming refugee status, who hold study permits, or who hold work permits, as well as family members living with them; for census purposes, this group is referred to as non-permanent residents. The population universe does not include foreign residents.

Return to census data footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

The languages shown were selected based on the Aboriginal mother tongues most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 Census of Population.

Return to census data footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

The languages shown were selected based on the non-Aboriginal mother tongues (other than English or French) most often reported as single responses in Canada in the 2011 Census of Population.

Return to census data footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix D in the 2011 Census Dictionary.

Return to census data footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

English is the first official language spoken by Quebec's official language minority, which consists of all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. French is the first official language spoken by the official language minority in the country overall and in every province and territory outside Quebec, which consists of all individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to census data footnote 23 referrer

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2013. Canada (Code 01) (table). National Household Survey (NHS) Profile. 2011 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-004-XWE. Ottawa. Released June 26, 2013.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 19, 2024).

Data source

2011 Census of Population

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Canada

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