2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Aboriginal Ancestry (14), Area of Residence (6), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (227A), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006001
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Aboriginal peoples
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (227A)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Note: Major field of study - Classification of instructional programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000

For the first time with the 2006 Census, major field of study data were coded with the Classification of Instructional Programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000.

Prior to the 2006 Census, the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) was used to classify major field of study. We recommend users not make historical comparisons between the two classification systems. Even though some entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison would be inappropriate given the much more detailed character of the new classification.

A theoretical concordance table between the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) and the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) showing the definitional relationship between the two classifications was developed. This table is available in the 2006 Census Dictionary (Appendix N). This type of concordance allows users to see the relationship between the two classes of systems based on the definitional aspects of each system. However, users are cautioned that this type of concordance can not be used to convert counts from one classification system to another.

Note: Mobility status (1 year ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (1 year ago)' universe includes persons 1 year of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status (5 years ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (5 years ago)' universe includes persons 5 years of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.


Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details aboriginal ancestry , area of residence , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in Newfoundland and Labrador / Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (227A) Aboriginal ancestry (14)
Total - Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestry population Total - Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 2 Aboriginal ancestry single responses Aboriginal ancestry multiple responses Total - North American Indian ancestryFootnote 3 North American Indian ancestry single responses North American Indian ancestry multiple responses Total - Métis ancestryFootnote 4 Métis ancestry single responses Métis ancestry multiple responses Total - Inuit ancestryFootnote 5 Inuit ancestry single responses Inuit ancestry multiple responses Total - Non-Aboriginal ancestry population
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 6 422,385 28,090 9,545 18,545 17,975 5,115 12,865 4,690 1,765 2,925 6,575 2,665 3,910 394,300
Never legally married (single) 130,965 12,390 4,325 8,070 7,590 2,135 5,455 2,130 850 1,280 3,215 1,335 1,880 118,580
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 7 231,055 11,995 3,855 8,140 7,850 2,160 5,690 2,060 750 1,305 2,495 950 1,545 219,050
Separated, but still legally married 9,500 705 255 455 480 150 325 120 25 90 160 75 85 8,795
Divorced 23,865 1,660 570 1,090 1,185 360 825 205 55 150 360 155 205 22,205
Widowed 27,000 1,330 540 790 870 310 555 180 80 105 340 150 190 25,665
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 8 499,060 37,190 12,340 24,850 23,875 6,655 17,220 6,370 2,260 4,115 8,705 3,425 5,275 461,875
Number of family persons 437,955 33,380 10,910 22,475 21,490 5,855 15,635 5,800 2,005 3,800 7,685 3,050 4,635 404,575
Husbands or wives 229,270 11,900 3,805 8,095 7,795 2,130 5,665 2,040 740 1,295 2,475 935 1,535 217,365
Common-law partners 33,865 3,580 1,545 2,030 2,085 705 1,380 660 295 360 980 545 435 30,290
Lone parents 24,165 2,400 975 1,425 1,655 610 1,045 315 110 205 535 255 280 21,765
Children in census families 150,650 15,500 4,575 10,920 9,955 2,410 7,545 2,790 865 1,930 3,700 1,310 2,390 135,155
Number of persons not in census families 61,110 3,805 1,435 2,375 2,385 795 1,590 575 260 310 1,020 375 640 57,300
Living with relatives 10,150 830 440 390 470 240 230 130 60 75 250 140 110 9,320
Living with non-relatives only 11,125 830 370 460 465 175 290 135 90 45 240 100 145 10,290
Living alone 39,825 2,140 620 1,525 1,450 380 1,065 305 110 195 520 135 385 37,685
Total population 1 year and overFootnote 9 496,195 36,745 12,315 24,430 23,560 6,635 16,930 6,295 2,270 4,025 8,590 3,405 5,185 459,460
Lived at the same address 1 year ago 443,345 32,045 10,845 21,200 20,550 5,860 14,695 5,570 2,040 3,530 7,360 2,950 4,410 411,300
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 27,640 2,310 820 1,495 1,430 430 1,000 305 105 205 700 285 415 25,325
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 14,530 1,550 435 1,115 1,025 230 790 295 100 190 340 100 235 12,985
Lived in a different province or territory 1 year ago 9,460 800 195 605 535 105 425 120 20 95 190 70 115 8,655
Lived in a different country 1 year ago 1,225 30 10 20 25 10 15 0 10 0 0 0 10 1,195
Total population 5 years and overFootnote 10 477,800 34,415 11,675 22,740 22,060 6,270 15,790 5,865 2,185 3,675 8,015 3,225 4,795 443,380
Lived at the same address 5 years ago 344,710 22,765 7,665 15,105 14,575 4,075 10,505 3,920 1,435 2,485 5,330 2,160 3,170 321,940
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 66,360 5,595 1,860 3,735 3,470 870 2,605 815 305 510 1,560 685 870 60,770
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 37,805 3,935 1,580 2,360 2,485 960 1,525 820 375 450 745 245 500 33,870
Lived in a different province or territory 5 years ago 25,780 2,040 565 1,470 1,465 360 1,105 295 70 225 370 135 235 23,745
Lived in a different country 5 years ago 3,140 80 10 75 60 0 55 0 0 0 15 0 15 3,065
Total - Registered Indian statusFootnote 11 500,605 37,290 12,395 24,895 23,940 6,680 17,255 6,400 2,285 4,115 8,715 3,430 5,285 463,315
Registered IndianFootnote 12 6,605 5,505 3,040 2,460 5,340 2,975 2,365 115 30 85 150 35 115 1,105
Not a Registered Indian 494,000 31,780 9,350 22,430 18,595 3,705 14,890 6,285 2,255 4,030 8,565 3,395 5,170 462,215
Total - Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 13 500,610 37,290 12,395 24,895 23,940 6,685 17,255 6,400 2,280 4,115 8,715 3,430 5,290 463,320
Total Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 14 23,450 20,470 9,460 11,005 11,045 4,400 6,640 4,845 2,050 2,795 5,835 3,015 2,815 2,980
North American Indian single responseFootnote 15 7,765 6,845 3,315 3,535 6,795 3,295 3,495 30 0 30 80 10 65 920
Métis single response 6,475 5,570 2,190 3,385 915 110 805 4,500 1,995 2,510 885 90 795 900
Inuit single response 4,715 4,655 2,910 1,750 145 10 145 110 0 105 4,635 2,900 1,730 60
Multiple Aboriginal identity responses 290 275 65 215 85 0 80 200 50 150 195 10 190 15
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 16 4,205 3,120 985 2,135 3,105 985 2,115 0 0 10 45 0 40 1,085
Non-Aboriginal identity population 477,155 16,820 2,930 13,890 12,895 2,280 10,620 1,560 235 1,320 2,885 415 2,470 460,335
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 17 500,610 37,290 12,395 24,895 23,940 6,685 17,255 6,400 2,285 4,120 8,720 3,430 5,290 463,320
Total single responses 499,830 37,135 12,310 24,820 23,845 6,640 17,200 6,370 2,285 4,095 8,665 3,385 5,275 462,700
English 488,405 34,500 10,195 24,305 21,840 5,080 16,760 6,340 2,280 4,060 8,030 2,835 5,195 453,905
French 1,885 330 20 315 305 20 285 30 0 25 10 0 10 1,555
Aboriginal languages 2,220 2,215 2,075 145 1,635 1,525 105 0 0 10 610 545 65 0
Other single responses 7,315 85 30 60 70 20 50 0 0 0 15 10 10 7,230
Total multiple responses 780 160 85 75 95 40 55 25 0 25 55 40 15 620
English and Aboriginal language 95 95 70 20 40 30 10 0 0 0 55 40 10 10
French and Aboriginal language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and Aboriginal language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other multiple responses 680 65 10 55 60 10 50 25 0 25 0 0 0 615
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 18 500,605 37,290 12,395 24,895 23,940 6,685 17,260 6,400 2,285 4,120 8,720 3,430 5,285 463,315
Total single responses 499,900 37,165 12,310 24,865 23,880 6,645 17,235 6,390 2,280 4,110 8,665 3,385 5,285 462,730
English 494,345 35,390 10,690 24,695 22,260 5,175 17,090 6,380 2,280 4,105 8,490 3,245 5,245 458,955
French 650 90 15 80 85 10 70 10 0 0 0 0 0 555
Aboriginal languages 1,665 1,660 1,580 85 1,520 1,440 80 10 0 0 165 130 35 10
Other single responses 3,240 25 20 10 20 15 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 3,220
Total multiple responses 710 120 90 30 60 40 20 10 0 0 55 50 0 585
English and Aboriginal language 90 90 85 0 35 40 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0
French and Aboriginal language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and Aboriginal language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other multiple responses 620 30 0 30 25 10 20 10 0 10 0 0 0 585
Total population by knowledge of Aboriginal languagesFootnote 19 500,610 37,290 12,395 24,895 23,940 6,680 17,260 6,400 2,285 4,115 8,715 3,430 5,290 463,315
Total single responses 466,890 32,950 10,190 22,755 20,840 5,225 15,615 6,015 2,215 3,805 7,690 2,755 4,935 433,935
English 465,995 32,645 9,895 22,750 20,545 4,940 15,600 6,015 2,215 3,805 7,670 2,740 4,930 433,350
French 75 10 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75
Aboriginal languages 305 305 295 10 290 280 10 0 0 0 25 15 10 0
Other single responses 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 515
Total multiple responses 33,720 4,340 2,205 2,135 3,105 1,460 1,645 380 65 315 1,025 680 350 29,375
English and Aboriginal language 2,185 2,155 1,925 235 1,405 1,270 140 15 10 10 785 650 140 25
French and Aboriginal language 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and Aboriginal language 50 45 35 15 45 30 10 0 0 0 10 0 10 0
Other multiple responses 31,480 2,130 245 1,890 1,655 160 1,495 370 65 305 230 25 200 29,350
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 20 422,385 28,090 9,540 18,545 17,975 5,115 12,860 4,695 1,765 2,925 6,575 2,665 3,910 394,295
In the labour force 248,680 17,150 5,540 11,605 10,740 2,825 7,920 3,160 1,190 1,970 3,955 1,530 2,430 231,535
Employed 202,530 12,580 3,680 8,905 8,025 1,885 6,145 2,120 710 1,410 2,950 1,085 1,865 189,945
Unemployed 46,155 4,565 1,865 2,705 2,715 940 1,780 1,040 485 560 1,010 440 565 41,585
Not in the labour force 173,705 10,940 4,000 6,940 7,235 2,290 4,940 1,535 575 960 2,615 1,135 1,475 162,765
Participation rate 58.9 61.1 58.1 62.6 59.7 55.2 61.6 67.3 67.4 67.4 60.2 57.4 62.1 58.7
Employment rate 47.9 44.8 38.6 48.0 44.6 36.9 47.8 45.2 40.2 48.2 44.9 40.7 47.7 48.2
Unemployment rate 18.6 26.6 33.7 23.3 25.3 33.3 22.5 32.9 40.8 28.4 25.5 28.8 23.3 18.0
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 21 248,685 17,150 5,540 11,610 10,745 2,825 7,920 3,155 1,190 1,970 3,960 1,525 2,430 231,535
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 22 6,800 580 230 350 440 165 275 95 35 60 80 30 50 6,220
All classes of workerFootnote 23 241,885 16,570 5,310 11,260 10,305 2,655 7,645 3,060 1,155 1,910 3,880 1,500 2,380 225,310
Wage earners 226,205 15,930 5,160 10,770 9,885 2,570 7,310 2,970 1,115 1,855 3,735 1,475 2,260 210,275
Self-employedFootnote 24 15,400 620 150 470 405 90 315 90 40 50 145 25 120 14,775
Unpaid family workers 280 20 0 20 15 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 0 260
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 25 248,680 17,150 5,540 11,610 10,740 2,825 7,920 3,155 1,190 1,970 3,960 1,530 2,430 231,530
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 26 6,795 580 235 350 440 165 275 95 35 60 80 30 50 6,220
All industriesFootnote 27 241,885 16,570 5,305 11,260 10,305 2,655 7,645 3,065 1,155 1,910 3,880 1,495 2,380 225,310
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 14,325 1,035 360 675 680 200 480 235 110 130 155 50 105 13,290
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 7,850 700 285 415 355 115 240 110 15 95 255 155 100 7,155
22 Utilities 2,325 235 90 140 130 35 95 65 45 20 45 10 30 2,095
23 Construction 16,985 1,045 385 660 610 215 400 205 65 135 280 105 175 15,940
31-33 Manufacturing 22,490 1,200 380 820 735 145 590 320 150 170 185 90 95 21,285
41 Wholesale trade 6,630 275 120 150 140 55 85 75 40 35 70 20 50 6,355
44-45 Retail trade 30,585 2,015 585 1,440 1,275 270 1,005 365 160 200 450 150 305 28,570
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 11,900 770 230 540 410 75 340 215 80 130 235 75 155 11,135
51 Information and cultural industries 4,665 250 50 200 160 30 130 40 0 35 65 20 50 4,415
52 Finance and insurance 5,090 255 65 190 160 35 125 45 15 25 55 10 45 4,840
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 2,805 225 45 170 110 10 100 25 10 10 95 35 60 2,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 8,595 385 85 305 250 40 205 50 20 30 95 25 75 8,210
55 Management of companies and enterprises 220 15 0 15 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 205
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 10,005 615 225 395 395 110 280 110 50 60 140 60 80 9,395
61 Educational services 17,010 1,080 270 805 795 155 640 125 40 90 205 80 125 15,930
62 Health care and social assistance 30,360 2,250 735 1,520 1,550 380 1,175 310 130 175 445 225 225 28,110
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 3,660 235 70 165 160 40 125 45 20 30 40 10 30 3,420
72 Accommodation and food services 15,730 1,360 380 985 855 190 660 255 70 190 325 115 210 14,365
81 Other services (except public administration) 11,940 850 195 650 505 120 390 170 25 145 195 55 145 11,095
91 Public administration 18,710 1,780 760 1,020 1,020 440 570 290 100 195 540 215 320 16,930
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 28 248,680 17,150 5,540 11,610 10,745 2,825 7,920 3,160 1,190 1,970 3,960 1,530 2,430 231,535
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 29 6,800 580 230 350 440 165 275 95 35 60 80 30 50 6,220
All occupationsFootnote 30 241,880 16,570 5,310 11,265 10,305 2,660 7,645 3,060 1,150 1,910 3,880 1,500 2,385 225,310
A Management occupations 18,575 1,105 295 810 655 140 515 155 70 90 325 85 245 17,465
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 35,770 2,195 625 1,570 1,420 335 1,085 350 80 270 550 215 340 33,575
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 13,865 850 240 610 525 110 415 175 85 90 185 45 145 13,015
D Health occupations 15,050 910 165 745 680 85 595 110 50 60 130 30 105 14,135
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 19,795 1,460 450 1,015 930 220 710 165 55 110 415 170 240 18,335
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 4,570 290 125 170 210 65 145 25 10 15 65 45 20 4,280
G Sales and service occupations 61,120 4,825 1,580 3,245 3,000 815 2,185 880 330 555 1,135 435 700 56,295
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 42,140 2,845 1,045 1,800 1,620 500 1,115 665 235 430 685 305 385 39,300
I Occupations unique to primary industry 17,315 1,315 480 835 815 250 560 285 120 165 270 105 165 16,000
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 13,685 775 310 465 445 130 320 235 115 120 110 65 45 12,915
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 31 422,385 28,090 9,540 18,545 17,970 5,115 12,860 4,695 1,765 2,925 6,570 2,660 3,910 394,295
No certificate, diploma or degree 141,575 10,950 4,790 6,160 6,970 2,670 4,310 1,715 790 925 2,605 1,340 1,265 130,620
Certificate, diploma or degree 280,815 17,135 4,750 12,390 11,000 2,450 8,555 2,975 975 1,995 3,965 1,325 2,645 263,675
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 32 93,335 5,520 1,530 3,990 3,505 790 2,710 1,015 305 710 1,295 430 865 87,810
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 51,380 3,435 1,160 2,275 2,230 645 1,585 575 185 390 795 330 470 47,945
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 33 74,100 5,085 1,460 3,625 3,135 690 2,440 1,000 380 625 1,180 390 790 69,015
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 34 14,310 715 190 525 505 105 405 50 0 45 180 85 95 13,590
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 35 47,690 2,380 415 1,970 1,625 220 1,410 335 105 230 525 90 430 45,310
Bachelor's degree 31,175 1,815 340 1,475 1,200 175 1,025 275 100 170 420 65 350 29,365
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 4,055 150 20 130 95 10 85 25 0 25 35 15 25 3,905
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 1,775 25 0 25 15 0 10 0 0 0 15 0 15 1,745
Master's degree 9,125 355 45 315 300 35 270 30 0 25 50 10 40 8,765
Earned doctorate 1,560 35 10 25 20 0 15 10 0 10 0 0 0 1,525
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 36 187,485 11,615 3,220 8,395 7,500 1,655 5,840 1,960 675 1,290 2,675 895 1,780 175,865
Education 19,095 925 175 750 670 110 565 90 10 85 200 55 145 18,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,840 160 30 130 115 0 110 15 0 10 50 20 25 2,680
Humanities 6,455 345 90 255 215 30 180 55 20 30 90 35 55 6,105
Social and behavioural sciences and law 10,505 740 130 605 470 80 390 85 15 70 220 45 175 9,760
Business, management and public administration 43,510 2,575 670 1,900 1,690 340 1,345 425 130 295 605 200 405 40,940
Physical and life sciences and technologies 4,285 170 20 155 125 10 110 20 0 15 30 10 25 4,115
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 7,985 455 150 305 295 85 215 65 30 30 115 30 85 7,525
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 46,400 2,985 950 2,035 1,825 475 1,355 625 220 405 660 260 400 43,420
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,360 320 110 205 200 70 130 40 15 25 95 25 65 3,040
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 25,640 1,540 375 1,160 1,075 185 895 235 100 135 275 95 185 24,095
Personal, protective and transportation services 17,405 1,400 505 895 825 270 555 300 125 180 335 120 215 16,000
Other fields of studyFootnote 37 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 38 422,385 28,090 9,545 18,545 17,975 5,110 12,865 4,690 1,765 2,925 6,570 2,660 3,910 394,295
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 39 165,150 9,885 3,680 6,205 6,855 2,275 4,580 1,180 435 740 2,175 970 1,210 155,270
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 40 111,580 6,620 1,895 4,730 4,065 915 3,155 1,200 410 790 1,645 570 1,080 104,960
Average employment income $ 45,223 40,210 36,877 41,543 39,758 35,141 41,095 39,592 35,841 41,542 41,719 40,417 42,404 45,539
Median employment income $ 37,429 35,959 31,571 37,674 36,028 31,070 37,379 35,590 30,461 38,230 36,623 33,197 37,781 37,553
Standard error of average employment income $ 257 486 654 667 656 906 848 1,059 1,572 1,395 895 1,083 1,346 275
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 41 145,655 11,585 3,970 7,615 7,055 1,930 5,125 2,315 920 1,395 2,750 1,125 1,620 134,070
Average employment income $ 16,672 14,341 13,316 14,876 14,275 12,604 14,903 13,156 12,480 13,602 15,515 15,218 15,721 16,873
Median employment income $ 10,091 8,783 8,529 8,885 8,792 8,661 8,804 8,403 7,961 8,901 9,133 8,804 9,607 10,212
Standard error of average employment income $ 115 211 216 341 327 360 470 355 345 602 338 364 566 127
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 42 422,385 28,085 9,540 18,550 17,975 5,115 12,860 4,695 1,770 2,930 6,575 2,665 3,910 394,300
Without employment income 151,130 9,015 3,340 5,670 6,240 2,055 4,190 1,110 420 690 1,960 865 1,095 142,120
With employment incomeFootnote 43 271,255 19,075 6,205 12,875 11,735 3,060 8,675 3,585 1,350 2,235 4,610 1,795 2,820 252,180
Under $5,000Footnote 44 49,065 4,320 1,475 2,840 2,615 735 1,875 805 305 500 1,075 435 635 44,745
$5,000 to $9,999 39,210 3,155 1,205 1,945 2,065 635 1,430 620 290 325 625 280 340 36,060
$10,000 to $19,999 54,760 3,950 1,320 2,640 2,355 645 1,705 830 295 535 935 375 560 50,805
$20,000 to $29,999 34,285 2,155 755 1,405 1,305 385 920 425 170 260 550 200 350 32,130
$30,000 to $39,999 27,925 1,635 470 1,160 1,000 200 800 275 115 155 430 155 275 26,295
$40,000 to $49,999 18,375 1,225 385 840 790 215 575 195 40 160 320 125 195 17,150
$50,000 to $59,999 15,810 980 210 770 620 75 550 155 55 95 230 80 150 14,835
$60,000 to $74,999 15,290 905 200 705 565 115 445 135 15 115 245 65 175 14,385
$75,000 and over 16,535 755 185 570 420 55 365 150 55 90 215 70 140 15,785
Average employment income $Footnote 45 28,002 22,977 20,159 24,335 22,720 18,996 24,033 21,838 19,533 23,227 24,482 22,613 25,672 28,383
Median employment income $Footnote 46 18,086 14,215 12,326 15,368 14,013 11,839 15,077 13,492 11,404 14,103 15,903 14,926 16,795 18,457
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 47 134 239 269 366 352 429 487 435 491 676 411 445 675 147
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 48 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 79.6 76.9 71.2 79.4 75.7 67.5 78.3 77.3 72.7 79.9 80.1 75.8 82.6 79.8
Employment income % 69.1 71.5 66.7 73.6 69.9 62.7 72.3 73.2 68.9 75.6 74.1 72.0 75.4 69.0
Wages and salaries % 65.0 69.6 65.2 71.6 68.5 62.1 70.6 69.5 63.9 72.9 72.5 71.3 73.2 64.7
Self-employment income % 4.1 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.4 0.6 1.7 3.7 5.3 2.8 1.6 0.5 2.2 4.3
Investment income % 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 -0.1 1.3 1.7
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 7.2 3.1 2.3 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.6 1.9 1.6 2.2 3.3 1.8 4.2 7.4
Other money income % 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.6
Government transfer payments % 20.4 23.1 28.9 20.6 24.3 32.5 21.7 22.7 27.3 20.1 19.9 24.0 17.5 20.2
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 4.7 3.6 4.8 3.1 3.8 5.4 3.2 2.8 3.6 2.4 3.5 4.6 2.8 4.7
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 4.4 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.4 2.9 2.1 2.5 1.8 2.7 2.4 2.8 4.5
Child benefits % 1.4 2.7 4.1 2.1 2.9 5.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 3.6 1.7 1.3
Employment Insurance benefits % 6.7 9.2 11.0 8.4 8.9 10.5 8.4 12.2 15.5 10.3 8.0 8.7 7.6 6.6
Other income from government sources % 3.2 4.8 6.1 4.3 5.7 8.2 4.9 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3 4.7 2.6 3.1
Income taxes paid % 16.8 14.1 12.2 14.9 13.7 11.0 14.6 13.7 12.2 14.5 15.1 14.1 15.8 17.0
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 49 422,385 28,085 9,545 18,550 17,975 5,115 12,860 4,690 1,765 2,930 6,570 2,660 3,910 394,300
Without wages and salaries 168,180 9,850 3,575 6,275 6,700 2,150 4,555 1,330 525 805 2,150 895 1,255 158,330
With wages and salaries 254,205 18,240 5,975 12,270 11,275 2,965 8,310 3,365 1,240 2,120 4,425 1,765 2,655 235,970
Under $5,000 45,340 4,070 1,415 2,650 2,420 685 1,735 790 300 490 1,035 425 605 41,275
$5,000 to $9,999 35,665 3,005 1,150 1,865 1,990 600 1,390 580 260 320 580 280 300 32,660
$10,000 to $19,999 50,325 3,710 1,260 2,445 2,275 645 1,625 720 255 460 860 360 500 46,610
$20,000 to $29,999 32,220 2,075 725 1,350 1,275 375 905 405 155 245 520 195 330 30,145
$30,000 to $39,999 27,075 1,580 465 1,115 965 200 760 250 105 140 425 155 270 25,495
$40,000 to $49,999 17,910 1,195 385 810 775 215 560 205 40 165 310 130 180 16,715
$50,000 to $59,999 15,380 950 190 755 595 65 525 140 45 95 235 80 155 14,440
$60,000 and over 30,285 1,660 385 1,275 985 170 815 280 75 205 455 145 315 28,630
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 50 28,099 23,409 20,455 24,847 23,164 19,418 24,500 22,118 19,581 23,602 24,971 22,810 26,406 28,462
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 51 18,831 14,585 12,405 15,627 14,441 12,190 15,548 13,236 11,245 14,110 16,048 14,985 17,014 19,206
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 52 132 247 278 378 358 433 500 465 541 707 422 454 704 144
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 53 422,385 28,090 9,545 18,550 17,975 5,115 12,860 4,695 1,765 2,925 6,570 2,665 3,910 394,300
Without income 24,710 2,135 715 1,420 1,405 425 980 265 75 195 550 220 335 22,575
With income 397,675 25,950 8,825 17,125 16,570 4,690 11,880 4,430 1,690 2,740 6,020 2,445 3,575 371,725
Under $5,000Footnote 54 44,215 3,675 1,255 2,420 2,315 685 1,630 595 190 405 900 380 520 40,540
$5,000 to $9,999 47,265 3,420 1,340 2,080 2,340 785 1,555 465 205 255 715 345 370 43,850
$10,000 to $19,999 110,920 7,815 2,820 5,000 5,065 1,535 3,535 1,400 575 825 1,660 710 955 103,110
$20,000 to $29,999 65,165 3,965 1,460 2,510 2,470 760 1,710 800 330 475 860 370 490 61,195
$30,000 to $39,999 47,310 2,595 800 1,795 1,610 375 1,235 415 185 235 705 245 465 44,710
$40,000 to $49,999 26,315 1,500 475 1,020 935 260 670 240 55 185 410 160 250 24,815
$50,000 to $79,999 40,670 2,335 550 1,785 1,450 240 1,210 395 120 275 580 185 400 38,335
$80,000 and over 15,810 645 135 515 380 45 330 110 35 80 185 55 130 15,165
Average income $Footnote 55 27,636 23,627 21,226 24,865 23,008 19,770 24,287 24,130 22,569 25,096 25,300 23,090 26,809 27,916
Median income $Footnote 56 19,573 16,990 15,721 17,751 16,564 14,967 17,171 18,181 17,486 18,503 18,079 16,670 19,035 19,772
Standard error of average income $Footnote 57 101 192 226 291 271 328 381 363 432 551 348 400 560 109
Total - Persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 58 497,395 35,760 11,350 24,410 22,475 5,685 16,795 6,375 2,265 4,115 8,650 3,405 5,250 461,635
Total - Persons in economic familiesFootnote 59 446,615 32,840 10,400 22,445 20,615 5,165 15,455 5,935 2,060 3,870 7,885 3,170 4,715 413,775
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 51,710 5,380 2,125 3,255 3,860 1,385 2,475 615 170 440 1,115 570 550 46,325
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.6 16.4 20.4 14.5 18.7 26.8 16.0 10.4 8.5 11.5 14.1 17.8 11.7 11.2
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 35,925 3,635 1,430 2,210 2,610 950 1,665 410 85 320 765 390 370 32,290
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.0 11.1 13.8 9.8 12.7 18.4 10.7 6.9 4.4 8.3 9.7 12.3 7.8 7.8
Total - Persons 15 years and over not in economic families 50,785 2,920 950 1,965 1,860 520 1,340 440 0 0 765 0 530 47,860
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 21,330 1,315 480 840 865 270 595 185 0 0 325 0 200 20,015
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 42.0 45.0 50.0 42.6 46.5 51.0 44.4 42.0 0.0 0.0 42.5 0.0 37.7 41.8
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 14,210 975 355 620 625 180 440 155 0 0 250 0 150 13,230
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 28.0 33.5 37.4 31.2 33.7 35.0 32.8 35.2 0.0 0.0 32.0 0.0 29.0 27.6

Footnotes

Footnote 1

'Area of residence' refers to the following geographic areas: on reserve, urban census metropolitan area, urban non-census metropolitan area and rural area. These geographic areas can be used to show where the Aboriginal population is residing.

'On reserve' includes eight census subdivision (CSD) types legally affiliated with First Nations or Indian bands, i.e., Indian reserve (IRI), Indian settlement (S-E), Indian government district (IGD), terres réservées aux Cris (TC), terres réservées aux Naskapis (TK), Nisga'a village (NVL), Nisga'a land (NL) and Teslin land (TL), as well as 35 additional CSDs of various other types that are generally northern communities in Saskatchewan, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory, which have large concentrations of Registered Indians.

An urban area has a minimum population concentration of 1,000 persons and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometre, based on the current census population count. All territory outside urban areas is classified as rural. On-reserve CSDs are excluded from this category.

A census metropolitan area (CMA) is a large urban area and has a population of at least 100,000.

Urban non-census metropolitan areas are smaller urban areas with a population of less than 100,000.

Rural areas include remote and wilderness areas and agricultural lands, as well as small towns, villages and other populated places with a population of less than 1,000. On-reserve CSDs are excluded from this category.

Additional information on the geographic units can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional Information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

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Footnote 3

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the North American Indian ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

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Footnote 4

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Métis ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

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Footnote 5

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Inuit ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Inuit' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Inuit.

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Footnote 6

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 7

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 8

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 9

Mobility 1: Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did one year before (May 16, 2005). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

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Footnote 10

Mobility 5: Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did five years before (May 16, 2001). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Registered or Treaty Indian
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty. Although there was a question in the 1991 Census on registration status, the layout of the 1996 question was somewhat different. In 1991, Question 16 on Registered Indians had two components. In the first part of the question, respondents were asked about their registration status, while the second part of the question dealt with band membership. The question used in 1996 asked only for registration or treaty status, while band membership was dealt with in a separate question.
The wording of the question, starting in 1996, differs slightly from the one in previous censuses. Prior to 1996, the term 'treaty' was not included in the question. It was added in 1996 at the request of individuals from the Western provinces, where the term is more widely used.
The 2006 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996 and 2001.

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Footnote 12

Registered or Treaty Indian: The expression 'Registered Indian' refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty.

The Registered Indian counts in this table may differ from the administrative counts maintained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, with the most important causes of these differences being the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements as well as methodological and conceptual differences between the two sources.

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Footnote 13

This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Aboriginal identity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
In 1991 and previous censuses, the Aboriginal population was defined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's perception of his/her Aboriginal identity.
The question used in the 2006 and 2001 censuses is the same as the one used in 1996.

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Footnote 14

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

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Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 16

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

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Footnote 17

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 18

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 19

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language.

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Footnote 20

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 22

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 23

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 24

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 25

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 26

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 27

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 28

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 29

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 30

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 31

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 32

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 33

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 34

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 35

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 36

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 37

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 38

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 39

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 40

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 41

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 42

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 43

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 44

Including loss.

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Footnote 45

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 46

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 47

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 48

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 49

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 50

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 51

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 52

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 53

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 54

Including loss.

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Footnote 55

For persons with income.

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Footnote 56

For persons with income.

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Footnote 57

For persons with income.

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Footnote 58

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 59

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006001.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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