2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (684), Mother Tongue (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-555-XCB2006052
Release date :October 28, 2008
Topic :Language
Data dimensions :

Note

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Data quality - Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)

When comparing the census results to those of the 2001 Census, it appears that there is some overestimation of persons reporting Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in British Columbia and, as a result, also at the Canada level. Although it affects a relatively small population, it is best to apply caution when analysing the census data for Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in these geographies.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Comparability of 2006 Place of work data

Working at home can be measured in different ways. In the census, the 'Worked at home' category includes persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. In addition, the 2006 Census Guide instructed persons who worked part of the time at home and part of the time at an employer's address to indicate that they 'Worked at home' if most of their time was spent working at home (e.g., three days out of five).

Other Statistics Canada surveys such as the General Social Survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the Workplace and Employee Survey also collect information on working at home. However, the survey data are not directly comparable to the census data since the surveys ask respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home, whereas the census asks them where they usually worked most of the time. Consequently, census estimates on work at home are lower than survey estimates.

The place-of-work question has remained in virtually the same format in each census since 1971. However, in 1996, the category 'No fixed workplace address' replaced 'No usual place of work.' In 1996, the census questionnaire was modified by adding a check box for the 'No fixed workplace' response category. In previous censuses, respondents were asked to write 'No usual place of work' in the address fields. It is believed that previous censuses have undercounted the number of persons with 'No fixed workplace address.'

Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of municipalities could create some difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Definition of Place of work status

Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Respondent-completed responses:

Worked at home - Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence, persons who live and work on the same farm, building superintendents and teleworkers who spend most of their work week working at home.

Worked outside Canada - Persons who work at a location outside Canada. This can include diplomats, Armed Forces personnel and other persons enumerated abroad. This category also includes recent immigrants who may not currently be employed, but whose job of longest duration since January 1, 2005 was held outside Canada.

No fixed workplace address - Persons who do not go from home to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift. Such persons include building and landscape contractors, travelling salespersons, independent truck drivers, etc.

Worked at the address specified below - Persons who are not included in the categories described above and who report to the same (usual) workplace location at the beginning of each shift are included here. Respondents are asked to provide the street address, city, town, village, township, municipality or Indian reserve, province or territory and postal code of their workplace. If the full street address was not known, the name of the building or nearest street intersection could be substituted.

Teleworkers who spend less than one-half of their workweek working at their home office are asked to report the full address of their employer. Persons whose workplace location varied, but who reported regularly to an employer's address at the beginning of each shift, are asked to report the full address of the employer.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Description of the Profile of official-language groups (Mother tongue)

The Profile of official-language groups gives a statistical overview of official-language groups in Canada for certain geographic areas. For each of these geographic areas, the profile gives counts of official-language populations for characteristics such as home language, knowledge of languages, marital status, ethnic origin, place of birth, period of immigration, mobility status, citizenship, highest certificate, diploma or degree, labour force activity, occupation, industry and income distribution. It is based on data collected from a 20% sample of households at the time of the 2006 Census.

The profile consists of two tables, both containing the same data variables, but differing by the definition of the language groups. In this table, the language groups are defined by the mother tongue of the respondents. The data for each language group are displayed in the columns of the initial view of the table. Characteristics are identified in the rows of the initial view of the table. For example, official-language groups are shown first by legal marital status, next by common-law status, and so on. The age groups and sex are both displayed as a dimension.

Language groups are defined as follows. The category 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language. The category 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language. The category 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language. The 'Total' category includes all of the above, as well as respondents who reported one non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the variable in the column (initial view).

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age groups and sex for population in CanadaFootnote 1
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (684) Mother tongue (4)
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 2 English French English and French
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 3 25,664,220 14,491,380 5,763,430 80,795
Never legally married (single) 8,963,165 5,134,095 2,499,970 36,525
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 4 12,415,720 6,963,860 2,149,940 28,100
Separated, but still legally married 766,035 490,370 133,195 2,855
Divorced 2,067,200 1,148,960 628,685 8,320
Widowed 1,452,105 754,100 351,640 4,995
Total population 15 years and over by common-law statusFootnote 5 25,664,225 14,491,380 5,763,425 80,795
Not in a common-law relationship 22,904,810 13,179,590 4,543,545 70,230
In a common-law relationship 2,759,415 1,311,790 1,219,880 10,570
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 6 31,241,030 18,122,785 6,860,990 109,415
English only 21,129,945 16,412,805 37,030 11,735
French only 4,141,850 3,590 3,908,435 2,335
English and French 5,448,850 1,698,200 2,913,960 95,205
Neither English nor French 520,380 8,190 1,565 140
Total population by first official language spokenFootnote 7 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
English 23,197,095 18,119,195 37,030 55,080
French 7,204,390 3,590 6,823,960 25,865
English and French 331,925 0 0 28,470
Neither English nor French 507,620 0 0 0
Official language minority - (number)Footnote 8 7,370,355 3,590 6,823,960 40,095
Official language minority - (percentage)Footnote 9 23.6 0.0 99.5 36.6
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 10 31,241,030 18,122,785 6,860,990 109,420
Single responses 30,665,025 18,000,170 6,794,615 80,680
English 20,584,770 17,805,145 438,505 52,905
French 6,608,125 72,110 6,333,565 24,935
Non-official languages 3,472,130 122,910 22,540 2,840
Algonquin 390 20 0 0
Atikamekw 4,745 0 55 0
Blackfoot 1,575 240 0 0
Carrier 605 120 0 0
Chilcotin 430 0 0 0
Chipewyan 120 10 0 0
Cree 47,190 1,830 120 10
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) 3,780 100 0 10
Dene 7,490 325 10 0
Dogrib 1,115 80 0 0
Gitksan 315 25 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 70 0 0 0
Inuktitut, n.i.e. 25,290 360 60 0
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) 25 0 0 0
Malecite 135 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 3,980 135 0 0
Mohawk 20 0 0 0
Montagnais-Naskapi 9,725 50 240 0
Nisga'a 180 35 0 0
North Slave (Hare) 650 30 0 0
Ojibway 11,115 700 20 0
Oji-Cree 8,480 130 0 0
Shuswap 255 65 0 0
South Slave 600 50 10 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0
Italian 170,330 4,055 1,245 195
Portuguese 103,875 3,255 520 45
Romanian 51,060 745 835 140
Spanish 209,955 6,665 3,240 230
Danish 1,340 35 0 0
Dutch 14,235 355 0 0
Flemish 420 25 25 0
Frisian 245 0 0 0
German 128,345 2,120 245 10
Norwegian 465 15 0 0
Swedish 1,110 145 10 10
Yiddish 5,705 255 60 0
Bosnian 8,380 170 20 10
Bulgarian 11,810 150 70 0
Croatian 22,160 460 50 0
Czech 6,980 135 55 0
Macedonian 8,705 200 0 0
Polish 101,570 1,900 215 45
Russian 93,805 2,030 540 60
Serbian 34,775 550 100 0
Serbo-Croatian 6,540 70 35 0
Slovak 5,805 95 10 0
Slovenian 2,710 65 0 0
Ukrainian 28,060 545 55 0
Latvian 2,005 15 0 0
Lithuanian 2,585 50 10 0
Estonian 2,160 30 0 0
Finnish 4,190 20 0 0
Hungarian 21,900 270 45 10
Greek 55,100 1,765 240 110
Armenian 21,485 240 275 145
Turkish 15,885 415 200 10
Amharic 8,230 305 15 0
Arabic 144,745 5,635 5,045 605
Hebrew 8,650 255 200 25
Maltese 1,155 140 0 0
Somali 17,040 810 40 10
Tigrigna 3,545 230 0 10
Bengali 33,565 1,775 70 40
Gujarati 52,715 2,555 65 10
Hindi 42,875 2,910 15 15
Kurdish 4,950 175 0 0
Panjabi (Punjabi) 278,500 8,990 170 20
Pashto 6,705 100 0 0
Persian (Farsi) 97,215 2,620 220 120
Sindhi 5,045 430 30 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 4,780 185 0 10
Urdu 102,805 4,305 20 30
Malayalam 5,690 360 0 0
Tamil 92,680 5,915 235 65
Telugu 3,865 285 0 0
Japanese 19,540 840 75 10
Korean 101,495 2,935 40 45
Cantonese 300,590 8,785 200 40
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 11 341,480 8,580 650 80
Mandarin 143,385 2,285 100 35
Taiwanese 4,580 70 0 0
Lao 8,555 680 215 30
Khmer (Cambodian) 11,430 295 355 50
Vietnamese 111,440 6,845 2,040 210
Bisayan languages 4,610 510 20 0
Ilocano 5,920 490 0 0
Malay 3,680 110 10 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 119,340 12,585 50 45
Akan (Twi) 7,330 1,095 45 10
Swahili 2,925 155 95 20
Creoles 21,610 780 2,330 205
Other languagesFootnote 12 77,440 6,685 1,510 40
Multiple responses 576,005 122,610 66,380 28,740
English and French 94,060 17,640 43,880 23,905
English and non-official language 406,455 103,045 1,650 1,595
French and non-official language 58,885 340 18,030 625
English, French and non-official language 16,600 1,585 2,815 2,615
Algonquin - Various non-official languages spokenFootnote 13 2,685 450 350 15
Atikamekw 5,645 30 350 0
Blackfoot 4,915 1,910 15 0
Carrier 2,490 1,075 0 0
Chilcotin 1,400 405 0 0
Chipewyan 765 225 15 0
Cree 99,950 23,515 655 175
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) 6,495 1,090 30 10
Dene 11,130 1,450 20 0
Dogrib 2,645 620 0 0
Gitksan 1,575 435 10 0
Inuinnaqtun 580 210 0 0
Inuktitut, n.i.e. 35,690 3,610 360 30
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) 575 235 0 0
Malecite 785 275 15 10
Mi'kmaq 8,750 1,960 50 0
Mohawk 615 330 35 0
Montagnais-Naskapi 11,815 120 875 10
Nisga'a 1,090 475 10 0
North Slave (Hare) 1,235 200 10 10
Ojibway 32,465 9,530 210 20
Oji-Cree 12,600 1,055 0 10
Shuswap 1,645 825 10 0
South Slave 2,315 625 15 0
Tlingit 175 105 0 0
Italian 660,945 143,885 36,420 3,145
Portuguese 274,670 42,845 9,210 645
Romanian 89,180 4,000 1,995 240
Spanish 758,280 177,260 165,315 5,635
Danish 21,925 3,660 260 10
Dutch 152,735 27,200 1,960 215
Flemish 6,705 1,130 805 25
Frisian 3,275 345 0 0
German 622,650 124,665 21,820 1,395
Norwegian 10,585 3,085 280 10
Swedish 14,955 3,990 460 30
Yiddish 27,600 11,460 245 90
Bosnian 15,160 1,010 120 20
Bulgarian 18,570 900 275 25
Croatian 72,690 8,605 430 45
Czech 29,735 2,790 325 50
Macedonian 24,815 3,695 45 15
Polish 242,885 22,525 2,085 390
Russian 191,520 13,415 2,830 320
Serbian 62,775 4,015 355 40
Serbo-Croatian 14,470 725 250 15
Slovak 21,740 2,150 120 30
Slovenian 15,030 1,895 95 15
Ukrainian 174,160 35,560 705 175
Latvian 8,030 705 25 15
Lithuanian 9,320 1,035 50 0
Estonian 8,860 795 10 10
Finnish 23,375 3,120 85 15
Hungarian 84,280 8,850 735 105
Greek 157,385 29,720 3,145 800
Armenian 35,260 2,105 1,290 340
Turkish 36,935 2,650 865 55
Amharic 19,885 2,040 95 25
Arabic 365,085 37,220 38,780 3,250
Hebrew 67,395 24,710 4,685 325
Maltese 8,635 2,720 45 0
Somali 32,045 4,610 520 120
Tigrigna 8,430 945 10 0
Bengali 52,435 6,610 205 125
Gujarati 105,395 17,915 385 135
Hindi 299,600 52,735 615 350
Kurdish 9,185 640 25 10
Panjabi (Punjabi) 456,085 51,820 330 210
Pashto 11,680 620 10 0
Persian (Farsi) 154,385 10,370 1,050 320
Sindhi 14,010 3,380 75 40
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 19,830 4,645 40 55
Urdu 208,125 29,520 480 285
Malayalam 14,100 2,845 10 0
Tamil 138,675 20,705 400 225
Telugu 8,345 1,440 0 0
Japanese 71,700 20,570 2,020 180
Korean 133,805 9,495 235 145
Cantonese 434,715 36,655 770 215
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 14 472,080 35,790 2,395 435
Mandarin 281,840 16,175 1,100 170
Taiwanese 14,060 480 10 10
Lao 18,390 2,470 1,110 75
Khmer (Cambodian) 23,355 1,860 1,320 90
Vietnamese 184,045 16,780 4,560 590
Bisayan languages 11,285 2,160 45 10
Ilocano 14,125 2,355 0 10
Malay 19,405 5,150 240 15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 324,120 69,075 365 375
Akan (Twi) 17,595 4,660 110 90
Swahili 27,795 6,715 3,005 145
Creoles 97,815 6,885 37,725 1,265
Other languagesFootnote 15 290,785 86,555 24,090 825
Total population by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 16 30,897,210 17,910,510 6,796,500 107,015
Non-movers 26,534,120 15,357,980 5,976,835 90,100
Movers 4,363,095 2,552,535 819,665 16,915
Non-migrants 2,554,260 1,522,545 469,860 9,925
Migrants 1,808,835 1,029,990 349,805 6,990
Internal migrants 1,511,305 943,995 330,655 6,210
Intraprovincial migrants 1,221,560 730,570 301,790 4,825
Interprovincial migrants 289,745 213,425 28,860 1,380
External migrants 297,530 85,995 19,150 780
Total population by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 17 29,544,480 17,032,235 6,539,085 98,925
Non-movers 17,457,170 10,188,645 4,113,210 56,640
Movers 12,087,315 6,843,590 2,425,870 42,285
Non-migrants 6,507,905 3,832,225 1,334,410 22,895
Migrants 5,579,410 3,011,365 1,091,460 19,390
Internal migrants 4,419,370 2,750,115 1,029,590 16,630
Intraprovincial migrants 3,566,790 2,104,440 940,330 12,515
Interprovincial migrants 852,580 645,675 89,260 4,115
External migrants 1,160,040 261,250 61,870 2,760
Total population by citizenshipFootnote 18 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
Canadian citizens 29,480,165 17,695,815 6,784,630 106,170
Canadian citizens under age 18 6,604,285 4,414,655 1,350,415 32,850
Canadian citizens age 18 and over 22,875,875 13,281,165 5,434,215 73,320
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 19 1,760,870 426,965 76,355 3,245
Total population by immigrant status and place of birthFootnote 20 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
Non-immigrantsFootnote 21 24,788,720 16,444,265 6,624,025 98,450
Born in province of residence 20,933,115 13,251,885 6,187,460 77,030
Born outside province of residence 3,855,610 3,192,380 436,565 21,420
ImmigrantsFootnote 22 6,186,950 1,610,125 220,520 10,365
United States of America 250,540 218,430 11,885 1,085
Central America 130,455 7,560 2,165 80
Caribbean and Bermuda 317,765 234,475 24,390 555
South America 250,710 94,625 3,180 195
Europe 2,278,345 685,910 97,850 2,600
Western Europe 424,640 42,885 87,355 935
Eastern Europe 511,100 21,305 4,255 480
Southern Europe 698,080 32,030 5,075 750
Italy 296,850 13,625 2,435 410
Other Southern Europe 401,235 18,410 2,640 340
Northern Europe 644,525 589,685 1,165 435
United Kingdom 579,625 563,060 940 405
Other Northern Europe 64,900 26,625 225 25
Africa 374,565 84,240 55,540 2,520
Western Africa 48,645 15,270 5,275 125
Eastern Africa 129,925 30,890 7,730 1,080
Northern Africa 134,505 6,135 31,430 1,000
Central Africa 22,405 855 11,010 255
Southern Africa 39,085 31,090 100 55
Asia and the Middle East 2,525,160 252,275 24,295 3,240
West Central Asia and the Middle East 370,515 31,725 10,725 1,620
Eastern Asia 874,365 36,100 7,405 420
China, People's Republic of 466,945 14,025 5,925 205
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 215,430 12,930 170 70
Other Eastern Asia 191,995 9,140 1,310 145
Southeast Asia 560,995 89,265 5,375 805
Philippines 303,195 62,410 305 275
Other Southeast Asia 257,800 26,860 5,070 530
Southern Asia 719,280 95,180 795 395
India 443,690 60,965 380 140
Other Southern Asia 275,595 34,215 415 250
Oceania and otherFootnote 23 59,410 32,620 1,210 95
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 24 265,355 68,390 16,450 600
Total recent immigrants by selected places of birthFootnote 25 1,109,980 172,195 50,305 2,155
United States of America 38,770 31,040 1,295 170
Central America 23,280 1,180 315 0
Caribbean and Bermuda 34,985 18,350 4,545 45
South America 61,330 8,680 780 80
Europe 178,525 30,990 19,735 395
Western Europe 32,425 1,745 17,825 160
Eastern Europe 92,565 2,815 1,335 140
Southern Europe 25,585 1,260 355 55
Italy 2,270 150 30 35
Other Southern Europe 23,315 1,105 325 20
Northern Europe 27,940 25,175 220 40
United Kingdom 25,660 24,265 165 40
Other Northern Europe 2,280 905 50 0
Africa 117,210 17,745 17,965 850
Western Africa 19,930 6,650 3,045 45
Eastern Africa 30,810 5,320 2,600 420
Northern Africa 48,845 1,260 6,765 270
Central Africa 10,830 285 5,530 105
Southern Africa 6,800 4,225 20 0
Asia and the Middle East 647,220 58,720 5,475 590
West Central Asia and the Middle East 106,870 8,085 1,805 275
Eastern Asia 215,280 7,460 2,875 105
China, People's Republic of 155,105 4,865 2,490 95
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 7,430 695 0 0
Other Eastern Asia 52,750 1,900 380 10
Southeast Asia 100,225 17,885 640 135
Philippines 77,880 14,840 95 95
Other Southeast Asia 22,345 3,050 545 35
Southern Asia 224,845 25,285 155 85
India 129,140 17,000 70 30
Other Southern Asia 95,705 8,285 85 55
Oceania and otherFootnote 26 8,655 5,485 190 20
Total immigrant population by period of immigrationFootnote 27 6,186,950 1,610,125 220,520 10,365
Before 1961 791,225 277,450 19,295 1,010
1961 to 1970 710,280 287,455 28,120 1,075
1971 to 1980 903,700 341,655 34,500 1,525
1981 to 1990 1,003,205 240,870 32,475 1,740
1991 to 2000 1,668,550 290,495 55,820 2,865
1991 to 1995 823,930 151,715 25,260 1,600
1996 to 2000 844,625 138,775 30,560 1,260
2001 to 2006Footnote 28 1,109,980 172,200 50,305 2,155
Total population 15 years and older by generation statusFootnote 29 25,664,225 14,491,380 5,763,430 80,800
1st generationFootnote 30 6,124,560 1,618,340 215,245 9,620
2nd generationFootnote 31 4,006,420 3,087,065 193,730 14,400
3rd generation or moreFootnote 32 15,533,240 9,785,970 5,354,450 56,775
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 33 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
Total Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 34 1,172,785 862,550 97,575 5,110
North American Indian single responseFootnote 35 698,020 496,190 35,090 1,760
Métis single response 389,780 321,080 56,590 2,975
Inuit single response 50,480 17,425 875 55
Multiple Aboriginal identity responses 7,740 6,245 1,110 175
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 36 26,765 21,610 3,915 145
Non-Aboriginal identity population 30,068,240 17,260,235 6,763,415 104,305
Total population by Registered Indian statusFootnote 37 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
Registered IndianFootnote 38 623,780 432,575 25,195 1,245
Not a Registered Indian 30,617,250 17,690,210 6,835,795 108,170
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 39 25,664,225 14,491,380 5,763,425 80,800
In the labour forceFootnote 40 17,146,130 10,044,010 3,768,170 50,780
EmployedFootnote 41 16,021,175 9,405,650 3,531,475 46,370
UnemployedFootnote 42 1,124,960 638,360 236,695 4,410
Not in the labour forceFootnote 43 8,518,085 4,447,370 1,995,255 30,015
Participation rateFootnote 44 66.8 69.3 65.4 62.8
Employment rateFootnote 45 62.4 64.9 61.3 57.4
Unemployment rateFootnote 46 6.6 6.4 6.3 8.7
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 47 17,146,135 10,044,010 3,768,170 50,780
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 48 284,955 133,710 60,895 1,380
All classes of workerFootnote 49 16,861,180 9,910,300 3,707,275 49,400
Paid workers 15,535,410 9,127,955 3,451,370 45,715
Employees 14,816,205 8,741,270 3,305,755 44,185
Self-employed (incorporated) 719,205 386,685 145,615 1,530
Without paid help 291,390 152,950 62,290 740
With paid help 427,820 233,735 83,325 785
Self-employed (unincorporated) 1,274,505 753,680 247,285 3,520
Without paid help 900,615 546,030 183,300 2,555
With paid help 373,885 207,650 63,990 960
Unpaid family workers 51,265 28,665 8,620 160
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 50 17,146,135 10,044,010 3,768,170 50,780
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 51 284,950 133,710 60,895 1,380
All occupationsFootnote 52 16,861,185 9,910,300 3,707,280 49,395
A Management occupations 1,631,730 1,001,095 321,135 4,405
A0 Senior management occupations 218,645 118,815 63,285 705
A1 Specialist managers 423,015 271,750 75,190 1,225
A2 Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services 475,970 278,690 90,390 1,350
A3 Other managers, n.e.c. 514,100 331,845 92,265 1,125
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 3,025,425 1,807,385 674,530 10,015
B0 Professional occupations in business and finance 427,600 240,300 92,700 990
B1 Finance and insurance administration occupations 201,830 136,515 28,040 520
B2 Secretaries 308,565 151,305 113,365 1,155
B3 Administrative and regulatory occupations 354,345 227,330 69,085 1,265
B4 Clerical supervisors 93,065 59,570 18,620 310
B5 Clerical occupations 1,640,020 992,360 352,725 5,785
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,108,050 592,315 227,235 3,250
C0 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences 603,075 302,085 113,840 1,570
C1 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences 504,970 290,230 113,400 1,680
D Health occupations 950,365 552,505 227,840 2,350
D0 Professional occupations in health 192,160 106,125 43,360 415
D1 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses 279,725 175,910 65,080 660
D2 Technical and related occupations in health 219,380 129,630 53,990 530
D3 Assisting occupations in support of health services 259,095 140,845 65,405 745
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 1,414,325 841,585 344,070 4,490
E0 Judges, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, ministers of religion, and policy and program officers 373,635 234,200 84,255 1,185
E1 Teachers and professors 667,985 397,605 161,420 2,110
E2 Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c. 372,705 209,785 98,395 1,190
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 502,195 314,325 114,400 1,795
F0 Professional occupations in art and culture 218,905 134,010 52,435 850
F1 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 283,285 180,310 61,965 945
G Sales and service occupations 4,037,725 2,365,985 864,330 12,965
G0 Sales and service supervisors 131,785 85,610 21,895 470
G1 Wholesale, technical, insurance, real estate sales specialists, and retail, wholesale and grain buyers 353,120 214,815 74,260 1,140
G2 Retail salespersons and sales clerks 729,840 447,105 153,760 2,500
G3 Cashiers 324,850 185,305 76,160 1,225
G4 Chefs and cooks 246,935 123,745 53,550 745
G5 Occupations in food and beverage service 268,705 162,715 63,075 1,025
G6 Occupations in protective services 277,175 170,460 71,360 955
G7 Occupations in travel and accommodation, including attendants in recreation and sport 143,595 86,215 25,960 605
G8 Child care and home support workers 259,675 157,645 42,690 650
G9 Sales and service occupations, n.e.c. 1,302,035 732,380 281,610 3,645
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,550,295 1,525,255 586,275 6,705
H0 Contractors and supervisors in trades and transportation 125,250 79,980 26,410 200
H1 Construction trades 436,455 261,355 94,790 1,130
H2 Stationary engineers, power station operators and electrical trades and telecommunications occupations 179,250 114,025 40,950 385
H3 Machinists, metal forming, shaping and erecting occupations 221,830 126,940 52,020 405
H4 Mechanics 377,035 223,835 97,655 995
H5 Other trades, n.e.c. 130,625 68,625 33,775 400
H6 Heavy equipment and crane operators, including drillers 116,355 77,780 28,215 325
H7 Transportation equipment operators and related workers, excluding labourers 561,360 322,790 129,610 1,685
H8 Trades helpers, construction and transportation labourers and related occupations 402,130 249,920 82,855 1,175
I Occupations unique to primary industry 648,315 440,885 111,675 1,235
I0 Occupations unique to agriculture, excluding labourers 360,635 231,765 62,320 540
I1 Occupations unique to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing, excluding labourers 130,785 93,065 28,590 285
I2 Primary production labourers 156,890 116,050 20,770 405
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 992,765 468,965 235,775 2,180
J0 Supervisors in manufacturing 76,725 37,890 24,110 215
J1 Machine operators in manufacturing 387,875 180,475 90,440 740
J2 Assemblers in manufacturing 261,520 130,905 47,555 530
J3 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities 266,645 119,695 73,670 695
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 53 17,146,130 10,044,015 3,768,170 50,780
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 54 284,950 133,710 60,890 1,385
All industriesFootnote 55 16,861,180 9,910,300 3,707,275 49,395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 523,650 328,080 106,885 805
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 238,810 191,700 25,485 465
22 Utilities 132,945 84,030 33,380 205
23 Construction 1,069,100 667,950 218,630 2,710
31-33 Manufacturing 2,005,980 997,550 513,275 5,050
41 Wholesale trade 739,305 438,500 145,530 2,155
44-45 Retail trade 1,917,170 1,136,825 440,570 6,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 820,195 489,280 169,250 2,580
51 Information and cultural industries 417,325 254,315 88,385 1,640
52 Finance and insurance 689,210 396,535 142,135 1,895
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 303,510 186,265 50,225 1,025
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,122,445 660,290 212,060 3,410
55 Management of companies and enterprises 20,530 12,945 3,155 80
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 722,700 436,550 124,310 2,540
61 Educational services 1,150,535 695,370 266,420 3,285
62 Health care and social assistance 1,716,255 998,875 424,380 4,565
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 346,315 232,290 71,090 1,145
72 Accommodation and food services 1,126,695 649,200 212,550 3,680
81 Other services (except public administration) 819,880 465,330 184,515 2,430
91 Public administration 978,615 588,420 275,035 3,615
Total employed labour force 15 years and over by place of work statusFootnote 56 16,021,180 9,405,655 3,531,475 46,370
Usual place of work 13,069,895 7,598,600 2,991,205 38,160
In census subdivision of residence 7,814,510 4,620,655 1,654,840 22,630
In different census subdivision 5,255,385 2,977,940 1,336,360 15,530
In same census division 2,687,845 1,800,090 448,560 6,890
At home 1,230,350 752,215 235,040 3,125
Outside Canada 76,570 41,655 9,395 280
No fixed workplace address 1,644,360 1,013,185 295,825 4,800
Total employed labour force 15 years and over with usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportationFootnote 57 14,714,255 8,611,785 3,287,030 42,965
Car, truck, van, as driver 10,644,325 6,325,735 2,481,525 27,675
Car, truck, van, as passenger 1,133,145 707,485 188,420 3,505
Public transit 1,622,725 776,950 320,245 7,135
Walked 939,290 563,225 218,270 3,090
Bicycle 195,515 124,520 47,780 800
Motorcycle 20,085 13,295 4,940 90
Taxicab 32,240 21,090 5,470 165
Other method 126,925 79,485 20,390 510
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 58 18,418,100 10,849,015 4,015,735 54,825
Single responses 18,062,905 10,792,415 3,876,005 41,845
English 14,064,105 10,684,800 494,055 29,220
French 3,724,970 99,835 3,380,220 12,520
Non-official languages 273,825 7,780 1,725 100
Chinese, n.o.s.Footnote 59 51,055 715 60 10
Cantonese 39,240 500 0 0
Panjabi (Punjabi) 25,385 380 10 0
German 24,770 580 160 0
Mandarin 15,625 140 15 0
Portuguese 9,385 240 70 0
Spanish 14,775 890 520 25
Vietnamese 7,695 260 70 10
Korean 10,455 235 0 0
Italian 4,735 320 110 0
Other languagesFootnote 60 70,705 3,520 705 60
Multiple responses 355,195 56,600 139,735 12,980
English and French 252,295 44,120 136,270 12,300
English and non-official language 86,820 11,360 565 90
French and non-official language 5,055 100 1,010 55
English, French and non-official language 11,020 1,015 1,885 535
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent doing unpaid houseworkFootnote 61 25,664,225 14,491,380 5,763,430 80,795
No hours of unpaid housework 2,485,830 1,335,870 543,840 10,625
Less than 5 hours of unpaid housework 6,213,880 3,473,965 1,516,830 20,710
5 to 14 hours of unpaid housework 8,277,965 4,714,465 1,908,730 24,095
15 to 29 hours of unpaid housework 5,119,435 2,911,370 1,131,095 14,325
30 to 59 hours of unpaid housework 2,571,635 1,463,740 515,895 7,540
60 hours or more of unpaid housework 995,475 591,960 147,035 3,495
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent looking after children, without payFootnote 62 25,664,225 14,491,380 5,763,430 80,800
No hours of unpaid child care 16,038,565 9,263,425 3,624,990 54,140
Less than 5 hours of unpaid child care 2,445,290 1,234,540 643,905 6,645
5 to 14 hours of unpaid child care 2,429,580 1,246,705 557,570 6,290
15 to 29 hours of unpaid child care 1,722,970 906,685 389,675 4,680
30 to 59 hours of unpaid child care 1,318,650 736,895 280,620 3,675
60 hours or more of unpaid child care 1,709,165 1,103,130 266,665 5,370
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniorsFootnote 63 25,664,225 14,491,380 5,763,425 80,800
No hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 20,939,900 11,890,490 4,673,380 65,980
Less than 5 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 2,924,515 1,599,865 748,600 8,635
5 to 9 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 1,019,890 574,585 205,145 3,285
10 to 19 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 383,200 211,235 69,140 1,270
20 hours or more of unpaid care or assistance to seniors 396,715 215,200 67,165 1,625
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 64 25,664,220 14,491,380 5,763,430 80,795
No certificate, diploma or degree 6,098,330 3,229,005 1,479,425 18,880
Certificate, diploma or degree 19,565,895 11,262,375 4,284,000 61,920
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 65 6,553,420 4,071,985 1,285,780 20,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,785,420 1,414,895 915,535 9,425
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 66 4,435,135 2,741,630 956,950 14,510
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 67 1,136,150 551,710 266,580 4,600
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 68 4,655,770 2,482,150 859,155 12,985
Bachelor's degree 2,981,465 1,634,205 564,800 7,975
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 493,540 273,350 82,345 1,710
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 136,845 65,410 23,195 220
Master's degree 866,975 423,925 159,410 2,530
Earned doctorate 176,945 85,265 29,395 545
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 69 13,012,475 7,190,395 2,998,215 41,520
Education 994,660 576,205 256,700 2,675
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 481,190 269,140 115,430 2,105
Humanities 717,125 380,215 168,600 3,065
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,275,105 749,315 248,545 4,655
Business, management and public administration 2,801,720 1,524,535 679,520 9,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies 451,965 227,290 87,645 1,475
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 568,755 274,495 117,305 2,075
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 2,922,080 1,530,750 678,090 7,885
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 291,510 168,110 72,540 605
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 1,728,890 1,052,450 352,930 4,775
Personal, protective and transportation services 777,370 437,175 219,735 3,010
Other fields of studyFootnote 70 2,105 710 1,170 10
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualification by location of studyFootnote 71 13,012,475 7,190,390 2,998,220 41,520
Inside Canada 10,948,470 6,601,760 2,902,810 37,800
Newfoundland and Labrador 215,435 211,185 965 170
Prince Edward Island 50,755 47,200 2,410 150
Nova Scotia 400,255 371,280 15,180 1,095
New Brunswick 274,255 180,455 85,570 1,685
Quebec 3,054,910 296,315 2,499,920 17,410
Ontario 3,972,225 3,038,960 230,785 12,250
Manitoba 414,365 327,820 20,055 890
Saskatchewan 378,560 332,880 9,330 545
Alberta 1,029,270 872,305 22,285 1,700
British Columbia 1,144,595 914,245 15,750 1,865
Yukon Territory 4,510 3,725 305 15
Northwest Territories 6,045 4,230 210 10
Nunavut 3,265 1,165 40 10
Outside Canada 2,064,000 588,630 95,410 3,720
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 72 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
Total Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 73 1,678,235 1,185,850 268,955 9,335
North American Indian single ancestry 512,150 310,015 43,395 790
North American Indian and non-Aboriginal ancestries 693,355 517,625 155,540 5,535
Métis single ancestry 77,295 59,750 14,035 435
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 285,755 234,060 47,655 2,070
Inuit single ancestry 40,975 11,170 580 30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 18,615 14,180 1,405 100
Other Aboriginal multiple ancestriesFootnote 74 50,090 39,045 6,340 370
Non-Aboriginal ancestry population 29,562,795 16,936,930 6,592,035 100,085
Total population by visible minority groups 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
Total visible minority populationFootnote 75 5,068,090 1,552,810 180,095 13,950
Chinese 1,216,565 199,145 13,970 1,650
South AsianFootnote 76 1,262,865 373,960 5,635 2,335
Black 783,795 497,665 104,790 4,345
Filipino 410,695 154,440 1,020 925
Latin American 304,245 33,490 8,850 500
Southeast AsianFootnote 77 239,935 44,845 10,900 1,015
Arab 265,550 38,700 27,525 1,775
West AsianFootnote 78 156,700 14,640 1,145 230
Korean 141,890 17,110 1,075 145
Japanese 81,305 42,135 765 85
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 79 71,425 56,910 945 230
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 80 133,120 79,770 3,480 715
Not a visible minorityFootnote 81 26,172,940 16,569,970 6,680,895 95,465
Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)Footnote 82 31,241,030 18,122,780 6,860,990 109,415
Total population - Single responsesFootnote 83 18,319,585 7,908,245 4,986,835 47,950
Total population - Multiple responsesFootnote 84 12,921,445 10,214,535 1,874,155 61,465
Canadian - Total responses 10,066,295 5,116,345 4,776,490 45,435
Canadian - Single responses 5,748,720 2,294,555 3,386,775 18,315
Canadian - Multiple responses 4,317,570 2,821,795 1,389,715 27,120
English - Total responses 6,570,015 6,355,645 136,340 20,350
English - Single responses 1,367,125 1,345,060 11,730 990
English - Multiple responses 5,202,890 5,010,585 124,615 19,360
French - Total responses 4,941,215 2,244,185 2,584,640 50,600
French - Single responses 1,230,540 148,345 1,067,360 8,770
French - Multiple responses 3,710,675 2,095,835 1,517,280 41,825
Scottish - Total responses 4,719,850 4,548,000 126,795 12,555
Scottish - Single responses 568,510 545,130 19,190 570
Scottish - Multiple responses 4,151,340 4,002,865 107,605 11,990
Irish - Total responses 4,354,155 3,984,540 324,510 17,255
Irish - Single responses 491,030 423,335 63,625 1,330
Irish - Multiple responses 3,863,125 3,561,205 260,885 15,920
German - Total responses 3,179,425 2,657,035 91,905 6,120
German - Single responses 670,640 380,485 12,785 380
German - Multiple responses 2,508,785 2,276,550 79,125 5,740
Italian - Total responses 1,445,330 826,730 119,650 6,375
Italian - Single responses 741,050 275,290 29,160 1,750
Italian - Multiple responses 704,285 551,440 90,490 4,625
Chinese - Total responses 1,346,515 267,080 16,025 1,875
Chinese - Single responses 1,135,370 146,010 10,250 900
Chinese - Multiple responses 211,145 121,070 5,775 980
North American Indian - Total responses 1,253,615 864,885 205,165 6,670
North American Indian - Single responses 512,150 310,015 43,395 790
North American Indian - Multiple responses 741,470 554,865 161,770 5,880
Ukrainian - Total responses 1,209,090 1,011,935 11,070 2,130
Ukrainian - Single responses 300,590 183,455 1,835 230
Ukrainian - Multiple responses 908,495 828,480 9,240 1,900
Dutch (Netherlands) - Total responses 1,035,960 860,670 12,575 2,070
Dutch (Netherlands) - Single responses 303,405 183,880 2,145 220
Dutch (Netherlands) - Multiple responses 732,560 676,790 10,430 1,850
Polish - Total responses 984,565 703,495 20,505 2,165
Polish - Single responses 269,380 81,235 3,530 285
Polish - Multiple responses 715,190 622,255 16,970 1,875
East Indian - Total responses 962,670 350,790 6,305 1,880
East Indian - Single responses 780,170 234,660 2,650 975
East Indian - Multiple responses 182,495 116,125 3,655 900
Russian - Total responses 500,605 344,910 7,400 920
Russian - Single responses 98,245 31,215 1,285 110
Russian - Multiple responses 402,355 313,695 6,115 810
Welsh - Total responses 440,965 433,890 2,395 880
Welsh - Single responses 27,110 25,835 95 20
Welsh - Multiple responses 413,855 408,055 2,300 860
Filipino - Total responses 436,190 175,295 1,250 1,055
Filipino - Single responses 321,395 107,755 485 525
Filipino - Multiple responses 114,795 67,540 765 535
Norwegian - Total responses 432,515 417,905 3,755 485
Norwegian - Single responses 44,785 38,080 685 20
Norwegian - Multiple responses 387,725 379,825 3,070 460
Portuguese - Total responses 410,850 177,960 17,405 1,050
Portuguese - Single responses 262,230 62,875 6,145 335
Portuguese - Multiple responses 148,625 115,085 11,260 715
Métis - Total responses 409,070 329,895 67,840 2,835
Métis - Single responses 77,295 59,750 14,040 430
Métis - Multiple responses 331,770 270,150 53,805 2,400
British Isles, n.i.e. - Total responsesFootnote 85 403,915 389,210 7,575 1,925
British Isles, n.i.e. - Single responsesFootnote 86 94,140 91,960 1,135 205
British Isles, n.i.e. - Multiple responsesFootnote 87 309,770 297,250 6,445 1,725
Swedish - Total responses 334,765 316,695 2,810 540
Swedish - Single responses 28,440 22,485 300 15
Swedish - Multiple responses 306,320 294,210 2,510 525
Total income in 2005 of population 15 years and overFootnote 88 25,664,225 14,491,380 5,763,430 80,795
Without income 1,241,060 661,050 262,385 4,885
With income 24,423,160 13,830,330 5,501,045 75,910
Under $1,000Footnote 89 963,270 533,875 156,630 3,575
$1,000 to $2,999 819,535 476,665 143,755 2,670
$3,000 to $4,999 792,565 453,555 149,245 2,635
$5,000 to $6,999 896,425 485,250 198,675 3,370
$7,000 to $9,999 1,514,745 793,370 384,125 5,860
$10,000 to $11,999 1,037,220 560,400 213,580 3,720
$12,000 to $14,999 1,581,200 797,690 376,845 5,465
$15,000 to $19,999 2,430,725 1,263,500 596,235 8,585
$20,000 to $24,999 1,935,755 1,033,325 464,400 6,110
$25,000 to $29,999 1,745,750 944,245 440,155 5,850
$30,000 to $34,999 1,716,180 948,035 433,745 5,200
$35,000 to $39,999 1,473,270 843,815 359,640 4,225
$40,000 to $44,999 1,255,420 730,015 304,165 3,735
$45,000 to $49,999 1,038,085 617,945 246,935 2,705
$50,000 to $59,999 1,587,765 970,435 358,905 4,120
$60,000 and over 3,635,260 2,378,200 674,005 8,085
Median income $Footnote 90 25,615 27,665 25,723 21,519
Average income $Footnote 91 35,498 38,277 32,907 29,502
Standard error of average income $Footnote 92 30 45 40 263
Total after-tax income in 2005 of population 15 years and overFootnote 93 25,664,220 14,491,380 5,763,425 80,795
Without after-tax income 1,245,610 663,755 262,585 4,910
With after-tax income 24,418,610 13,827,620 5,500,845 75,890
Under $1,000Footnote 94 982,730 546,790 159,815 3,590
$1,000 to $2,999 821,975 478,085 144,150 2,695
$3,000 to $4,999 796,910 456,000 150,065 2,645
$5,000 to $6,999 900,520 487,695 199,680 3,395
$7,000 to $9,999 1,543,925 812,540 388,770 5,940
$10,000 to $11,999 1,082,805 588,180 222,355 3,915
$12,000 to $14,999 1,707,935 872,565 403,945 5,870
$15,000 to $19,999 2,795,175 1,467,400 686,750 9,785
$20,000 to $24,999 2,331,580 1,248,995 577,605 7,535
$25,000 to $29,999 2,232,550 1,207,335 586,430 7,265
$30,000 to $34,999 1,997,635 1,131,475 497,070 5,860
$35,000 to $39,999 1,626,090 948,560 395,315 4,470
$40,000 to $44,999 1,267,305 760,430 293,830 3,340
$45,000 to $49,999 991,335 605,655 225,390 2,430
$50,000 and over 3,340,145 2,215,910 569,680 7,145
Median after-tax income $Footnote 95 23,307 24,812 23,407 20,081
Average after-tax income $Footnote 96 29,214 31,204 27,255 24,814
Standard error of average after-tax income $Footnote 97 20 30 26 178
Total population 15 years and over with employment incomeFootnote 98 18,201,265 10,748,345 3,997,430 53,215
Median employment income in 2005 $ 26,850 27,956 26,799 22,999
Average employment income in 2005 $ 36,301 38,291 33,466 30,545
Standard error of average employment income $ 34 49 46 335
Worked full year, full timeFootnote 99 9,275,765 5,547,880 2,051,635 25,345
Median employment income in 2005 $ 41,401 43,590 39,100 37,716
Average employment income in 2005 $ 51,221 54,339 45,880 44,315
Standard error of average employment income $ 52 75 65 544
Worked part year or part timeFootnote 100 7,766,075 4,555,800 1,709,320 24,095
Median employment income in 2005 $ 13,072 12,475 14,148 11,533
Average employment income in 2005 $ 22,398 22,670 22,184 19,379
Standard error of average employment income $ 41 61 59 389

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

'Total' category includes all groups mentioned as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person. The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single) - Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated) - Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married - Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced - Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed - Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Since 1996, Aboriginal people married according to traditional customs were instructed to report themselves as legally married.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

In 2006, legally married same-sex couples are included in this category.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Common-law status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who live together as a couple but who are not legally married to each other. These persons can be of the opposite sex or of the same sex.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Knowledge of official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Data on knowledge of official languages
According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population, but also for the whole population in general. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

First official language spoken
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Data on knowledge of official languages
According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population, but also for the whole population in general. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories.

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Footnote 9

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 11

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 12

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 13

Knowledge of non-official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation.

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Footnote 14

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 16

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 17

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 18

Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 19

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries'. The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 20

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 21

Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

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Footnote 22

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 23

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 24

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 25

In this product, recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2001 and Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 26

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 27

Period of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to ranges of years based on the year of immigration question. Year of immigration refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

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Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 28

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 29

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 30

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 31

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 32

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 33

Aboriginal identity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
In 1991 and previous censuses, the Aboriginal population was defined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's perception of his/her Aboriginal identity.
The question used in the 2006 and 2001 censuses is the same as the one used in 1996.
This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Footnote 34

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

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Footnote 35

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 36

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

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Footnote 37

Registered or Treaty Indian
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty. Although there was a question in the 1991 Census on registration status, the layout of the 1996 question was somewhat different. In 1991, Question 16 on Registered Indians had two components. In the first part of the question, respondents were asked about their registration status, while the second part of the question dealt with band membership. The question used in 1996 asked only for registration or treaty status, while band membership was dealt with in a separate question.
The wording of the question, starting in 1996, differs slightly from the one in previous censuses. Prior to 1996, the term 'treaty' was not included in the question. It was added in 1996 at the request of individuals from the Western provinces, where the term is more widely used.
The 2006 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996 and 2001.

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Footnote 38

Registered or Treaty Indian: The expression 'Registered Indian' refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty.

The Registered Indian counts in this table may differ from the administrative counts maintained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, with the most important causes of these differences being the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements as well as methodological and conceptual differences between the two sources.

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Footnote 39

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

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Footnote 40

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 41

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006): (a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice; (b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

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Footnote 42

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either: (a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or (b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or (c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

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Footnote 43

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

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Footnote 44

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

Participation rate = Labour force divided by Population 15 years of age and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 45

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

Employment rate = Employed divided by Population 15 years and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 46

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unemployment rate = Unemployed divided by Labour force X 100

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 47

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
a. persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
b. persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
c. persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.

The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 48

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 49

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 50

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue no. 12-583-XIE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 51

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 52

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 53

Industry (based on the North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] 2002)
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the NAICS 2002) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2002. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 54

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 56

Place of work status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of people aged 15 or over who worked at some point between January 1, 2005 and May 16, 2006 (Census Day), according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 57

Mode of transportation
Part A - Plain language definition
Main means a person uses to travel between home and place of work (by car, on foot, on public transit, or by some other means).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the mode of transportation to work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they usually use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual's job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 59

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 60

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 61

Hours spent doing unpaid housework
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent doing housework, maintaining the house or doing yard work without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent preparing meals, mowing the lawn, or cleaning the house, for oneself or for relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent doing unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). It includes hours spent doing unpaid housework for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.

Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 62

Hours spent looking after children, without pay
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent looking after children without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent taking care of one's own children or looking after the children of relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (none, less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent looking after children without pay. It includes hours spent providing unpaid child care for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 63

Hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent providing care or assistance to elderly people without getting paid for doing so. This includes time spent giving personal care to an elderly relative, helping elderly neighbours with their shopping, and so on. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 9 hours, 10 to 19 hours, and 20 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one's own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 64

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 65

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 66

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 67

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 68

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 69

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Footnote 70

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.

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Footnote 71

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma, or degree above high school level was completed.

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Footnote 72

Aboriginal ancestry
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors.
'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 73

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary. 'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

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Footnote 74

Includes those who reported multiple Aboriginal ancestries or multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries to the ethnic origin question.

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Footnote 75

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 76

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 77

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 78

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 79

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Kurd,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 80

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 81

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 82

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 83

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 84

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 85

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 87

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 88

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 89

Including loss.

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Footnote 90

For persons with income.

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Footnote 91

For persons with income.

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Footnote 92

For persons with income.

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Footnote 93

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

Including loss.

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Footnote 95

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 96

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 97

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 98

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Average employment income of individuals - Average employment income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median employment income of individuals - The median employment income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average employment income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average employment income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings or any other source of income and after-tax income of persons 15 years of age and over not in families and households.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Includes persons who did not work in 2005 but reported employment income.

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Footnote 99

Worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 100

Worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006052.

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XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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