2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please contact us to request a format other than those available.

Topic-based tabulation: Place of Work Status (6), Class of Worker (4A), Age Groups (10A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (249), for the Employed Labour Force 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006010
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Place of work and commuting to work
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (249)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Comparability of 2006 Place of work data

Working at home can be measured in different ways. In the census, the 'Worked at home' category includes persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. In addition, the 2006 Census Guide instructed persons who worked part of the time at home and part of the time at an employer's address to indicate that they 'Worked at home' if most of their time was spent working at home (e.g., three days out of five).

Other Statistics Canada surveys such as the General Social Survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the Workplace and Employee Survey also collect information on working at home. However, the survey data are not directly comparable to the census data since the surveys ask respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home, whereas the census asks them where they usually worked most of the time. Consequently, census estimates on work at home are lower than survey estimates.

The place-of-work question has remained in virtually the same format in each census since 1971. However, in 1996, the category 'No fixed workplace address' replaced 'No usual place of work.' In 1996, the census questionnaire was modified by adding a check box for the 'No fixed workplace' response category. In previous censuses, respondents were asked to write 'No usual place of work' in the address fields. It is believed that previous censuses have undercounted the number of persons with 'No fixed workplace address.'

Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of municipalities could create some difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Definition of Place of work status

Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Respondent-completed responses:

Worked at home - Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence, persons who live and work on the same farm, building superintendents and teleworkers who spend most of their work week working at home.

Worked outside Canada - Persons who work at a location outside Canada. This can include diplomats, Armed Forces personnel and other persons enumerated abroad. This category also includes recent immigrants who may not currently be employed, but whose job of longest duration since January 1, 2005 was held outside Canada.

No fixed workplace address - Persons who do not go from home to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift. Such persons include building and landscape contractors, travelling salespersons, independent truck drivers, etc.

Worked at the address specified below - Persons who are not included in the categories described above and who report to the same (usual) workplace location at the beginning of each shift are included here. Respondents are asked to provide the street address, city, town, village, township, municipality or Indian reserve, province or territory and postal code of their workplace. If the full street address was not known, the name of the building or nearest street intersection could be substituted.

Teleworkers who spend less than one-half of their workweek working at their home office are asked to report the full address of their employer. Persons whose workplace location varied, but who reported regularly to an employer's address at the beginning of each shift, are asked to report the full address of the employer.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.



Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details place of work status , class of worker , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the employed labour force 15 years and over in CanadaFootnote 1
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (249) Place of work status (6)
Total - Place of work status Worked at home Worked at home excluding occupations unique to agricultureFootnote 2 Worked outside Canada No fixed workplace address Usual place of work
Total - Legal marital statusFootnote 3 16,021,175 1,230,350 1,020,505 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
Never legally married (single) 5,955,790 272,120 228,390 26,790 658,550 4,998,330
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 4 7,973,065 793,165 644,865 43,065 766,465 6,370,370
Separated, but still legally married 525,360 32,675 29,825 1,735 59,895 431,055
Divorced 1,355,480 103,995 95,620 4,495 141,555 1,105,435
Widowed 211,485 28,395 21,800 485 17,895 164,705
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 5 16,021,180 1,230,350 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,365 13,069,895
English 9,291,275 744,670 607,660 40,835 1,002,355 7,503,425
French 3,511,940 233,825 201,180 9,225 294,055 2,974,845
Non-official language 3,037,680 239,970 201,005 25,235 330,550 2,441,925
English and French 41,935 2,855 2,670 215 4,260 34,600
English and non-official language 114,380 7,550 6,590 825 10,835 95,175
French and non-official language 19,530 1,220 1,155 175 1,770 16,360
English, French and non-official language 4,430 265 235 65 545 3,560
Total - Language spoken most often at homeFootnote 6 16,021,175 1,230,350 1,020,505 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
English 10,808,650 879,995 720,285 49,335 1,157,930 8,721,390
French 3,375,335 222,660 192,100 8,495 276,465 2,867,715
Non-official language 1,560,690 112,205 93,635 16,640 181,950 1,249,895
English and French 43,155 2,975 2,835 310 4,350 35,520
English and non-official language 200,830 10,810 9,990 1,525 20,665 167,825
French and non-official language 24,890 1,270 1,220 130 2,335 21,155
English, French and non-official language 7,630 445 440 135 660 6,400
Total - Knowledge of official languagesFootnote 7 16,021,180 1,230,355 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,890
English only 10,888,975 874,225 704,360 53,410 1,210,315 8,751,030
French only 1,745,080 117,055 92,940 1,870 147,020 1,479,130
English and French 3,279,900 230,165 215,585 19,310 270,165 2,760,255
Neither English nor French 107,220 8,905 7,620 1,985 16,860 79,480
Total - Immigrant status and place of birthFootnote 8 16,021,175 1,230,350 1,020,505 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
Non-immigrantsFootnote 9 12,524,690 959,445 771,425 42,975 1,283,750 10,238,520
Born in province of residence 10,222,490 764,030 594,040 32,440 1,017,345 8,408,670
Born outside province of residence 2,302,200 195,410 177,385 10,535 266,400 1,829,845
ImmigrantsFootnote 10 3,383,710 258,300 238,135 30,170 350,050 2,745,190
United States of America 134,585 19,470 17,645 3,310 11,410 100,395
Central America 82,715 4,265 3,515 325 10,755 67,370
Caribbean and Bermuda 201,035 8,170 8,030 625 20,365 171,865
South America 156,825 8,595 8,405 800 16,650 130,780
Europe 1,127,690 112,465 97,320 6,915 133,970 874,340
Western Europe 203,840 33,770 23,820 1,255 20,095 148,710
Eastern Europe 275,375 23,275 21,760 2,795 36,590 212,710
Southern Europe 322,620 18,865 17,840 1,075 47,340 255,345
Italy 111,110 7,230 6,855 295 14,060 89,535
Other Southern Europe 211,505 11,640 10,985 770 33,285 165,815
Northern Europe 325,860 36,550 33,900 1,795 29,945 257,570
United Kingdom 295,395 32,870 30,550 1,625 26,515 234,380
Other Northern Europe 30,465 3,680 3,345 170 3,425 23,190
Africa 217,490 14,100 13,895 1,715 19,260 182,415
Western Africa 30,880 1,225 1,210 320 3,615 25,725
Eastern Africa 78,460 4,130 4,060 575 6,955 66,805
Northern Africa 70,575 5,415 5,355 570 5,735 58,855
Central Africa 11,590 535 535 75 1,060 9,925
Southern Africa 25,980 2,800 2,730 175 1,900 21,105
Asia and the Middle East 1,424,540 88,000 86,250 16,210 133,615 1,186,715
West Central Asia and the Middle East 191,695 13,715 13,615 2,050 22,140 153,790
Eastern Asia 450,995 37,735 37,205 9,390 36,880 366,995
China, People's Republic of 223,225 17,445 17,225 4,725 18,785 182,265
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region 135,240 10,280 10,190 1,590 10,600 112,770
Other Eastern Asia 92,540 10,010 9,790 3,075 7,490 71,965
Southeast Asia 372,940 15,700 15,425 1,620 22,295 333,330
Philippines 205,420 7,710 7,615 830 9,860 187,020
Other Southeast Asia 167,520 7,990 7,810 785 12,435 146,305
Southern Asia 408,905 20,850 20,005 3,150 52,300 332,605
India 267,555 14,275 13,465 2,065 37,325 213,890
Other Southern Asia 141,345 6,575 6,545 1,085 14,980 118,710
Oceania and otherFootnote 11 38,835 3,255 3,080 260 4,015 31,305
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 12 112,780 12,605 10,945 3,425 10,560 86,185
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 13 16,021,175 1,230,355 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
Non-immigrantsFootnote 14 12,524,695 959,445 771,425 42,980 1,283,750 10,238,520
ImmigrantsFootnote 15 3,383,710 258,305 238,135 30,170 350,050 2,745,190
Before 1991 1,857,075 163,255 147,795 10,270 183,955 1,499,595
1991 to 2000 1,004,115 63,870 60,450 11,180 107,885 821,180
1991 to 1995 518,260 31,260 29,420 4,875 55,485 426,635
1996 to 2000 485,860 32,610 31,030 6,305 52,400 394,545
2001 to 2006Footnote 16 522,515 31,180 29,885 8,715 58,210 424,415
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 17 112,775 12,600 10,945 3,425 10,560 86,185
Total - Work activity in 2005Footnote 18 16,021,175 1,230,350 1,020,505 76,570 1,644,365 13,069,895
Did not work in 2005 441,875 41,685 36,450 2,565 57,450 340,175
Worked in 2005 15,579,300 1,188,670 984,055 74,005 1,586,910 12,729,715
1 to 13 weeks 644,880 54,585 48,555 3,200 87,155 499,935
14 to 26 weeks 1,167,445 87,585 77,865 7,975 168,460 903,430
27 to 39 weeks 986,375 73,280 64,385 7,160 168,420 737,510
40 to 48 weeks 2,347,880 191,810 177,615 15,400 331,005 1,809,665
49 to 52 weeks 10,432,715 781,400 615,625 40,270 831,870 8,779,175
Average weeks worked in 2005 45.3 45.0 44.5 43.1 42.3 45.7
Worked mostly full time in 2005 12,491,650 816,615 651,320 64,015 1,262,220 10,348,805
1 to 13 weeks 280,990 14,965 13,330 1,960 37,145 226,915
14 to 26 weeks 632,825 33,100 28,790 5,415 97,455 496,860
27 to 39 weeks 627,920 34,905 28,925 5,480 119,655 467,875
40 to 48 weeks 1,809,840 122,465 111,945 13,215 271,210 1,402,945
49 to 52 weeksFootnote 19 9,140,070 611,170 468,330 37,945 736,750 7,754,205
Average weeks worked mostly full time 47.2 47.8 47.4 44.7 44.6 47.5
Worked mostly part time in 2005 3,087,655 372,055 332,730 9,990 324,690 2,380,915
1 to 13 weeks 363,890 39,620 35,225 1,240 50,015 273,020
14 to 26 weeks 534,625 54,485 49,070 2,560 71,010 406,575
27 to 39 weeks 358,455 38,380 35,465 1,680 48,765 269,630
40 to 48 weeks 538,035 69,345 65,670 2,185 59,785 406,715
49 to 52 weeks 1,292,650 170,230 147,300 2,325 95,115 1,024,975
Average weeks worked mostly part time 37.4 39.0 38.8 33.2 33.6 37.8
Total - Hours worked in reference weekFootnote 20 16,021,180 1,230,350 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
No hours workedFootnote 21 711,200 50,675 37,235 7,045 78,985 574,495
Persons with hours workedFootnote 22 15,309,975 1,179,675 983,265 69,520 1,565,375 12,495,405
Less than 30 hours (part time) 2,697,975 373,280 337,485 9,025 288,615 2,027,040
1 to 19 hours 1,402,670 224,725 203,930 4,520 157,165 1,016,265
20 to 29 hours 1,295,300 148,555 133,550 4,510 131,460 1,010,780
30 hours or more (full time) 12,612,000 806,395 645,785 60,495 1,276,755 10,468,360
30 to 39 hours 3,090,440 155,965 141,455 7,530 203,445 2,723,500
40 hours 5,200,245 236,900 211,815 23,615 493,190 4,446,540
41 to 49 hours 1,542,635 66,400 58,515 5,970 145,780 1,324,485
50 hours or more 2,778,680 347,130 234,000 23,380 434,340 1,973,835
Average hours worked 38.9 38.4 35.4 44.8 41.1 38.6
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 23 16,021,180 1,230,350 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 480,330 235,945 31,970 940 60,350 183,095
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 222,710 8,285 8,240 3,270 49,925 161,235
22 Utilities 129,050 2,040 2,035 265 12,265 114,480
23 Construction 991,170 65,175 64,840 2,815 500,685 422,495
31-33 Manufacturing 1,896,455 58,840 58,390 6,115 66,200 1,765,305
41 Wholesale trade 710,815 54,275 53,720 3,305 56,380 596,850
44-45 Retail trade 1,815,025 59,025 58,690 2,845 62,025 1,691,140
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 786,950 34,015 33,785 10,435 189,260 553,240
51 Information and cultural industries 397,195 30,885 30,880 1,840 33,975 330,485
52 Finance and insurance 671,675 43,045 43,000 1,845 16,810 609,980
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 293,065 52,595 52,525 580 21,880 218,015
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,080,145 210,460 210,075 12,470 79,670 777,545
55 Management of companies and enterprises 19,840 3,350 3,340 75 1,150 15,265
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 664,755 49,495 47,910 2,225 166,815 446,215
61 Educational services 1,109,935 43,455 43,300 8,645 63,810 994,025
62 Health care and social assistance 1,667,745 109,940 109,880 6,135 77,970 1,473,700
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 318,315 41,890 41,105 2,400 31,550 242,480
72 Accommodation and food services 1,039,805 25,020 24,935 2,880 35,700 976,205
81 Other services (except public administration) 782,530 87,200 86,640 2,135 69,805 623,390
91 Public administration 943,670 15,415 15,245 5,360 48,145 874,755
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 24 16,021,175 1,230,350 1,020,505 76,570 1,644,365 13,069,895
A Management occupations 1,593,885 135,380 135,380 10,940 95,155 1,352,415
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 2,901,635 240,505 240,500 8,030 93,935 2,559,165
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,068,025 80,160 80,155 14,015 85,105 888,755
D Health occupations 930,145 22,900 22,900 5,365 41,050 860,820
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 1,366,400 115,205 115,210 10,495 67,515 1,173,180
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 469,385 102,900 102,900 3,555 52,935 309,990
G Sales and service occupations 3,791,905 207,060 207,060 9,355 300,695 3,274,795
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,390,645 81,890 81,890 11,535 750,490 1,546,720
I Occupations unique to primary industry 591,285 223,690 13,840 2,105 122,775 242,720
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 917,865 20,660 20,660 1,175 34,710 861,320
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 25 16,021,180 1,230,350 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,365 13,069,895
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,323,155 203,850 124,990 4,535 342,110 1,772,665
Certificate, diploma or degree 13,698,020 1,026,500 895,515 72,035 1,302,250 11,297,230
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 26 4,180,300 279,555 221,270 12,955 457,065 3,430,725
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 1,897,680 126,050 104,165 6,005 310,195 1,455,430
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 27 3,290,735 237,430 207,765 11,570 276,505 2,765,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 28 761,880 68,375 61,125 4,615 58,920 629,965
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 29 3,567,430 315,100 301,195 36,885 199,565 3,015,880
Bachelor's degree 2,301,990 194,965 184,790 19,535 134,440 1,953,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 363,415 30,055 28,770 3,540 22,200 307,615
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 107,955 4,095 3,765 1,195 5,085 97,585
Master's degree 660,865 70,865 69,115 9,845 33,355 546,805
Earned doctorate 133,210 15,125 14,755 2,780 4,480 110,825
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 30 9,517,720 746,955 674,245 59,080 845,190 7,866,505
Education 640,770 46,715 41,835 2,665 38,360 553,025
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 355,775 49,540 48,485 2,010 34,210 270,010
Humanities 496,525 53,960 51,665 3,980 35,290 403,295
Social and behavioural sciences and law 971,475 88,705 85,555 6,255 52,520 823,995
Business, management and public administration 2,068,955 172,575 164,220 10,010 110,220 1,776,155
Physical and life sciences and technologies 331,150 27,715 25,860 3,495 21,430 278,510
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 450,985 32,630 31,755 3,755 30,795 383,805
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 2,165,745 128,825 111,070 16,080 353,975 1,666,865
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 225,680 38,495 15,780 1,005 28,390 157,795
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 1,242,865 69,635 63,410 6,755 73,485 1,092,990
Personal, protective and transportation services 566,125 37,985 34,440 3,045 66,425 458,675
Other fields of studyFootnote 31 1,680 185 175 30 90 1,380
Total - Location of studyFootnote 32 9,517,720 746,955 674,245 59,080 845,190 7,866,505
Inside Canada 8,203,175 617,875 553,510 35,360 727,605 6,822,335
Outside Canada 1,314,550 129,080 120,735 23,720 117,580 1,044,170
Total - Employment income and work activityFootnote 33 16,021,175 1,230,350 1,020,505 76,565 1,644,360 13,069,895
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 34 1,046,495 179,030 144,185 10,560 153,160 703,740
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 35 8,870,815 549,210 426,165 34,610 703,265 7,583,725
Average employment income $ 51,559 36,816 42,090 73,538 44,006 53,227
Median employment income $ 41,667 24,861 29,474 56,490 38,109 42,824
Standard error of average employment income $ 54 163 198 1,868 112 60
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 36 6,103,870 502,105 450,150 31,400 787,935 4,782,430
Average employment income $ 24,643 21,070 22,208 36,407 23,593 25,113
Median employment income $ 15,017 11,505 12,011 20,025 15,858 15,208
Standard error of average employment income $ 50 172 191 575 66 60
Total - Employment income groupsFootnote 37 16,021,175 1,230,350 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,365 13,069,895
Without employment income 844,025 160,480 128,575 9,515 127,960 546,065
With employment incomeFootnote 38 15,177,155 1,069,870 891,930 67,055 1,516,400 12,523,830
Under $5,000Footnote 39 1,391,245 229,320 172,475 5,785 167,675 988,465
$5,000 to $9,999 1,367,465 143,725 115,705 5,655 169,210 1,048,875
$10,000 to $19,999 2,393,085 212,095 174,885 9,335 286,805 1,884,850
$20,000 to $29,999 2,182,615 138,735 116,185 7,540 227,955 1,808,385
$30,000 to $39,999 2,089,795 99,675 84,695 6,160 188,335 1,795,625
$40,000 to $49,999 1,655,035 64,640 57,550 5,400 147,685 1,437,310
$50,000 to $59,999 1,195,025 44,745 40,925 5,540 110,120 1,034,610
$60,000 to $74,999 1,247,260 48,035 45,045 6,150 103,955 1,089,115
$75,000 and over 1,655,635 88,910 84,460 15,485 114,655 1,436,585
Average employment income $Footnote 40 40,208 28,988 31,537 55,242 32,868 41,975
Median employment income $Footnote 41 30,896 17,014 18,616 38,148 25,318 32,635
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 42 38 117 137 1,049 65 44
Total - Composition of total income in 2005 %Footnote 43 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 95.9 92.0 93.0 98.1 94.0 96.4
Employment income % 90.1 73.7 75.7 92.2 87.8 91.6
Wages and salaries % 83.5 51.8 54.6 85.5 75.1 86.6
Self-employment income % 6.6 21.8 21.2 6.7 12.7 4.9
Investment income % 3.0 9.7 9.1 2.3 3.0 2.5
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 1.5 5.5 5.2 1.6 2.0 1.1
Other money income % 1.3 3.2 3.0 1.9 1.3 1.2
Government transfer payments % 4.1 8.0 7.0 1.9 6.0 3.6
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 0.3 1.6 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.2
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 0.7 2.4 1.9 0.3 0.8 0.5
Child benefits % 1.1 1.9 1.9 0.3 0.9 1.0
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.5 2.4 1.2
Other income from government sources % 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.5 0.8
Income taxes paid % 19.1 17.9 18.5 16.4 16.6 19.4
Total - Wage and salary groupsFootnote 44 16,021,180 1,230,350 1,020,500 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
Without wages and salaries 2,016,170 589,325 459,100 15,360 397,785 1,013,705
With wages and salaries 14,005,005 641,030 561,400 61,210 1,246,580 12,056,190
Under $5,000 1,233,835 124,690 101,975 5,450 148,010 955,690
$5,000 to $9,999 1,203,220 75,635 63,335 5,135 127,425 995,025
$10,000 to $19,999 2,113,595 112,375 95,780 8,145 211,035 1,782,045
$20,000 to $29,999 2,006,595 81,355 70,390 6,290 178,275 1,740,675
$30,000 to $39,999 1,980,760 66,525 58,595 5,425 156,955 1,751,855
$40,000 to $49,999 1,591,235 45,220 41,690 5,055 129,095 1,411,865
$50,000 to $59,999 1,148,995 31,785 29,800 5,120 98,710 1,013,380
$60,000 and over 2,726,760 103,445 99,840 20,585 197,070 2,405,660
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 45 40,365 34,039 36,092 56,113 34,217 41,258
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 46 31,936 20,374 22,210 40,052 27,337 32,847
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 47 39 169 190 1,120 73 43
Total - Total income groupsFootnote 48 16,021,180 1,230,350 1,020,505 76,570 1,644,360 13,069,895
Without income 213,325 34,325 21,610 2,230 23,130 153,645
With income 15,807,850 1,196,030 998,895 74,340 1,621,235 12,916,250
Under $5,000Footnote 49 1,117,670 145,625 117,495 8,025 151,175 812,850
$5,000 to $9,999 1,164,585 135,085 110,975 5,905 145,645 877,945
$10,000 to $19,999 2,400,930 260,845 208,660 10,220 298,390 1,831,480
$20,000 to $29,999 2,403,670 184,465 150,050 8,270 257,680 1,953,255
$30,000 to $39,999 2,381,280 137,370 112,770 7,205 223,310 2,013,400
$40,000 to $49,999 1,828,820 88,435 75,885 5,875 168,225 1,566,290
$50,000 to $79,999 2,978,645 141,645 127,100 13,790 268,785 2,554,425
$80,000 and over 1,532,250 102,565 95,950 15,055 108,025 1,306,605
Average income $Footnote 50 42,830 35,200 37,183 54,019 35,015 44,454
Median income $Footnote 51 33,106 22,516 23,606 36,163 28,179 34,612
Standard error of average income $Footnote 52 43 138 162 980 67 50
Total - Persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 53 15,816,210 1,198,430 999,925 72,450 1,617,180 12,928,145
Total - Persons in economic familiesFootnote 54 13,467,420 1,042,500 862,865 64,370 1,337,925 11,022,630
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 979,655 116,305 96,400 9,275 156,435 697,645
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 7.3 11.2 11.2 14.4 11.7 6.3
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 692,870 84,375 70,890 7,745 113,285 487,465
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 5.1 8.1 8.2 12.0 8.5 4.4
Total - Persons 15 years and over not in economic families 2,348,785 155,935 137,060 8,085 279,260 1,905,510
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 605,335 63,495 56,670 2,310 96,795 442,725
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 25.8 40.7 41.3 28.6 34.7 23.2
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 506,270 54,315 49,075 2,035 83,110 366,815
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 21.6 34.8 35.8 25.2 29.8 19.2

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Excludes major group I0 - Occupations Unique to Agriculture Excluding Labourers.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Landed immigrant status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether or not the person is a landed immigrant in Canada. Landed immigrants are people who have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

Non-immigrant population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most were born in Canada, a small number of them were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

Immigrant population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people who are, or have been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada.

Non-permanent resident
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to people from another country who had a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants at the time of the census, and family members living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to ranges of years based on the year of immigration question. Year of immigration refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

Year of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Work activity in 2005
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2005 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week).
The term 'full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in 2005 for pay or in self-employment.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Persons in this category are also referred to as full-year, full-time workers.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Hours worked for pay or in self-employment
Part A - Plain language definition:
Actual number of hours that persons worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs they held during the week of May 7 to 13, 2006.
Part B - Detailed definition:
Refers to the actual number of hours that persons worked for pay or in self-employment at all jobs held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). This includes hours worked for wages, salaries, tips, commissions, piece-rate payments or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money). Hours worked in one's own business, farm or professional practice or hours worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice, owned or operated by a relative living in the same household are also included.
Excluded are hours during which the respondent was absent, with or without pay, for part of the week because of illness, vacation, or other reasons.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Refers to employed persons who were absent from their job in the reference week.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

Refers to employed persons who worked one or more hours in the reference week.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

Includes persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Including loss.

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

For persons with employment income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

For persons with employment income.

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

For persons with employment income.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

For persons with wages and salaries.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

For persons with wages and salaries.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

For persons with wages and salaries.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

Including loss.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

For persons with income.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

For persons with income.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

For persons with income.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006010.

Download

Download data as displayed in the Data table tab

Download entire table

Footnotes

Footnote a

To access the comma separated values (CSV) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example csview.

Return to footnote a referrer

Footnote b

To access the tab separated values (TAB) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example AscToTab.

Return to footnote b referrer

Footnote c

To access the Beyond 20/20 (IVT) version, you need the Beyond 20/20 Table Browser, which may be downloaded below. These links download files directly from an external site and are not the responsibility of Statistics Canada.

Beyond 20/20 Browser for Windows operating systems (18.9 MB)
To install this product, run 'ProBrowser.exe'.

Return to footnote c referrer

Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

Return to footnote d referrer

Related data