Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country]

Dwelling / Households

Topic

The table shows Aboriginal household status (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Related data - Canada
	Total - Aboriginal household status^{Households, Footnote 1}	Aboriginal household	Non-Aboriginal household
Tenure
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 2}	14,072,080	773,005	13,299,075
Owner	9,541,320	415,555	9,125,765
Renter	4,474,530	301,745	4,172,790
Band housing	56,230	55,705	525
Condominium status
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,080	773,005	13,299,080
Condominium	1,874,835	54,230	1,820,610
Not condominium	12,197,245	718,775	11,478,465
Number of bedrooms
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 4}	14,072,080	773,000	13,299,075
No bedrooms	93,350	4,815	88,525
1 bedroom	1,925,020	86,785	1,838,225
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	198,875	3,348,215
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	282,345	4,554,140
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	200,180	3,469,965
Number of rooms
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	773,005	13,299,075
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,920	203,830	3,865,085
5 rooms	2,177,045	143,210	2,033,835
6 rooms	1,981,585	125,020	1,856,565
7 rooms	1,790,175	100,260	1,689,915
8 or more rooms	4,054,350	200,680	3,853,670
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	6.1	6.2
Number of persons per room
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 6}	14,072,080	773,000	13,299,075
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	747,170	13,054,890
More than 1 person per room	270,020	25,835	244,185
Housing suitability
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	14,072,075	773,000	13,299,075
Suitable	13,376,350	705,720	12,670,630
Not suitable	695,735	67,280	628,450
Period of construction
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	773,005	13,299,080
1960 or before	3,126,380	164,060	2,962,325
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	246,935	3,938,580
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	114,550	1,863,085
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	100,350	1,646,040
2001 to 2005	976,390	45,620	930,765
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	53,625	1,036,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 9}	970,015	47,865	922,155
Dwelling condition
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 10}	14,072,080	773,000	13,299,080
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	655,010	12,496,590
Major repairs needed	920,475	117,990	802,485
Number of household maintainers
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 11}	14,072,080	773,000	13,299,080
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	456,350	7,868,515
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	294,830	5,109,970
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	21,820	320,590
Age of primary household maintainers
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,080	773,005	13,299,075
15 to 24 years	437,230	41,825	395,405
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	143,650	1,848,035
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	156,540	2,258,375
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	173,380	2,689,490
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	145,685	2,713,630
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	78,595	1,955,625
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	27,940	1,056,765
85 years and over	387,130	5,385	381,750
Shelter-cost-to-income ratio
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 13}	13,798,305	668,385	13,129,915
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	501,865	9,970,490
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,945	166,525	3,159,420
30% to less than 100%	2,861,610	146,905	2,714,710
Number of owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	379,535	8,988,795
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 14}	60.7	70.3	60.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 15}	16.6	13.9	16.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 16}	1,130	1,210	1,126
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,313	1,304	1,313
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 18}	341,556	269,720	348,313
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 19}	443,058	323,866	448,091
Number of tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	289,985	4,162,865
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 20}	13.0	22.8	12.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 21}	40.0	39.3	40.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 22}	910	908	910
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 23}	1,002	973	1,004
Income statistics for private households
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	14,072,080	773,005	13,299,080
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,332	63,961	70,702
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	80,892	93,454
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,358	57,604	61,577
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	68,910	76,593
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	145,645	3,822,120
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,180	25,136	35,530
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	36,993	47,173
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,450	24,013	31,708
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	31,643	38,953
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,310	627,355	9,476,955
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,270	75,062	89,097
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	91,083	112,119
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,432	67,045	77,015
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	77,561	91,773
Household total income groups
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 25}	14,072,080	773,000	13,299,075
Under $5,000	225,300	17,185	208,110
$5,000 to $9,999	198,575	17,075	181,505
$10,000 to $14,999	374,310	29,120	345,190
$15,000 to $19,999	567,630	37,790	529,840
$20,000 to $24,999	604,235	35,720	568,515
$25,000 to $29,999	540,305	33,405	506,895
$30,000 to $34,999	601,855	36,380	565,470
$35,000 to $39,999	606,825	34,435	572,390
$40,000 to $44,999	595,945	33,325	562,625
$45,000 to $49,999	577,800	31,465	546,335
$50,000 to $59,999	1,098,390	58,610	1,039,775
$60,000 to $69,999	1,012,565	54,095	958,470
$70,000 to $79,999	922,505	47,015	875,490
$80,000 to $89,999	836,890	44,115	792,770
$90,000 to $99,999	746,730	39,210	707,520
$100,000 and over	4,562,220	224,045	4,338,175
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,710	77,240	1,393,470
$125,000 to $149,999	1,015,395	53,700	961,690
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,480	55,725	1,060,755
$200,000 and over	959,640	37,370	922,265
Household after-tax income groups
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	14,072,080	773,005	13,299,075
Under $5,000	240,430	17,510	222,920
$5,000 to $9,999	202,205	17,215	184,990
$10,000 to $14,999	380,525	29,360	351,170
$15,000 to $19,999	593,110	38,900	554,210
$20,000 to $24,999	675,295	38,010	637,290
$25,000 to $29,999	628,730	36,935	591,790
$30,000 to $34,999	719,465	40,445	679,025
$35,000 to $39,999	724,340	39,730	684,605
$40,000 to $44,999	712,185	38,640	673,545
$45,000 to $49,999	692,730	36,685	656,045
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,305	69,230	1,230,075
$60,000 to $69,999	1,171,510	61,585	1,109,925
$70,000 to $79,999	1,037,680	55,300	982,385
$80,000 to $89,999	904,460	48,640	855,820
$90,000 to $99,999	757,650	40,360	717,290
$100,000 and over	3,332,455	164,465	3,167,990
$100,000 to $124,999	1,370,365	73,690	1,296,675
$125,000 to $149,999	809,040	42,145	766,895
$150,000 and over	1,153,055	48,635	1,104,425

Note(s):

Footnote 1

An Aboriginal household is either a non-family household in which at least 50 per cent of household members self-identified as Aboriginal people, or a family household that meets at least one of two criteria: (a) at least one married spouse, common-law partner, or lone parent self-identified as an Aboriginal person; or (b) at least 50 per cent of household members self-identified as Aboriginal people. An Aboriginal person is anybody identifying as an Aboriginal person (Question 18), a member of an Indian Band/First Nation (Question 21), or a Treaty Indian or Registered Indian (Question 20).

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Footnote 2

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 3

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 4

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 5

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 6

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 7

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 8

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 9

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 10

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 11

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 12

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 13

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 14

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 15

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero. Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income.

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Footnote 16

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 17

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

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Footnote 18

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 19

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

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Footnote 20

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 21

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

For more information on household total income, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income.

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Footnote 22

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

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Footnote 23

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

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Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 25

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 26

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Canada [Country] (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed November 29, 2023).

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country]

Dwelling / Households

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Dwelling / Households

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country]