Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country]

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

Residence on or off reserve Information - Residence on or off reserve

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex, age groups and residence on or off reserve.
Characteristic	Canada [Country]
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	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups, On reserve
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	380,355	339,595	338,355	334,385	3,765	200	270	975	40,760
Average age	32.0	29.7	29.7	29.6	36.3	30.3	23.0	51.2	51.1
Median age	28.3	25.6	25.6	25.4	36.5	25.4	17.0	58.2	55.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	269,520	232,005	231,020	227,940	2,925	155	140	845	37,510
Married or living common law	126,300	100,995	100,385	98,385	1,915	90	60	555	25,300
Married	74,545	55,130	54,640	53,560	1,045	35	40	450	19,420
Living common law	51,755	45,870	45,750	44,820	870	60	15	100	5,885
Not married and not living common law	143,220	131,010	130,630	129,565	1,010	55	85	295	12,215
Never married	113,200	107,240	107,085	106,285	750	55	70	90	5,960
Separated	7,805	6,775	6,745	6,680	70	0	0	25	1,030
Divorced	9,860	7,145	7,070	6,950	115	0	10	65	2,715
Widowed	12,355	9,840	9,730	9,645	80	0	0	110	2,510
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	380,355	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,765	205	270	975	40,760
Married spouses and common-law partners	123,970	98,990	98,390	96,405	1,900	95	55	545	24,980
Married spouses	72,220	53,125	52,640	51,580	1,025	35	40	450	19,095
Common-law partners	51,750	45,865	45,750	44,825	870	60	15	100	5,885
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	36,970	35,460	35,365	35,145	205	15	15	80	1,515
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	163,475	157,705	157,385	156,160	1,165	60	145	180	5,765
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	73,335	70,170	70,035	69,450	555	30	65	70	3,165
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	65,635	62,615	62,515	61,985	500	25	50	50	3,020
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	7,695	7,555	7,520	7,460	55	10	20	15	145
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	14,590	13,830	13,750	13,610	140	0	35	50	760
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	6,980	6,515	6,485	6,410	75	0	15	20	460
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	7,610	7,310	7,270	7,200	70	0	15	25	295
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	66,060	64,345	64,250	63,825	395	25	40	60	1,720
With a male lone parent	16,825	16,420	16,405	16,330	65	0	10	10	400
With a female lone parent	49,245	47,925	47,845	47,495	330	20	35	40	1,320
Living with grandparents without parents present	9,490	9,360	9,350	9,270	75	10	15	0	125
With two grandparents without parents present	4,600	4,545	4,535	4,495	40	0	10	0	55
With one grandparent without parents present	4,890	4,820	4,810	4,780	35	0	0	0	75
Persons not in census families	55,940	47,435	47,215	46,685	495	35	50	165	8,505
Living with other relatives	21,295	20,680	20,635	20,475	155	10	20	30	615
Foster children	3,185	3,150	3,150	3,105	30	15	0	0	40
Living with non-relatives only or alone	31,450	23,605	23,435	23,100	320	15	30	140	7,850
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	380,360	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,760	205	270	975	40,760
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	331,025	331,025	330,110	329,345	735	35	205	710	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	49,330	8,565	8,240	5,045	3,030	165	65	265	40,760
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	380,355	339,595	338,355	334,385	3,760	200	265	975	40,760
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	300,700	300,470	300,185	298,235	1,810	140	135	150	235
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	297,335	297,115	296,895	295,200	1,575	120	75	145	215
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	296,040	295,860	295,655	294,960	695	10	65	140	180
Métis single ancestry	1,140	1,100	1,090	205	885	0	0	0	40
Inuit single ancestry	150	150	150	35	0	115	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	3,365	3,355	3,290	3,035	230	20	60	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,585	2,570	2,540	2,310	225	0	25	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	770	765	735	710	0	20	30	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	37,785	36,510	36,285	34,485	1,745	55	120	100	1,275
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	35,885	34,650	34,510	32,895	1,565	50	45	100	1,235
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,760	33,810	33,695	32,815	875	0	30	90	945
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,060	785	765	75	690	0	15	10	275
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	55	50	10	0	50	10	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	1,895	1,855	1,775	1,585	180	15	75	0	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,560	1,520	1,450	1,275	170	0	70	0	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	330	320	300	10	10	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	41,875	2,620	1,880	1,670	205	0	15	725	39,255
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	380,355	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,765	200	270	975	40,760
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	338,485	336,975	336,470	332,720	3,560	200	255	250	1,510
First Nations ancestry	336,055	334,880	334,410	332,390	1,980	35	230	235	1,180
Abenaki	535	520	520	475	40	0	0	10	15
Algonquin	5,165	5,135	5,095	5,040	50	0	35	0	35
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	405	405	405	400	10	0	0	0	0
Apache	20	15	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	645	640	645	640	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5,425	5,425	5,425	5,380	45	0	0	0	0
Beaver (Dunne-za)	1,115	1,115	1,110	1,105	0	0	0	0	10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	10,365	10,350	10,320	10,295	25	0	25	0	15
Blood (Kainai)	345	345	345	345	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	3,735	3,730	3,725	3,725	0	0	0	10	10
Cayuga	85	85	85	85	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	165	125	120	115	10	0	0	0	45
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	1,385	1,385	1,385	1,385	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	380	385	380	370	15	0	0	0	0
Cowichan	860	865	860	860	0	0	0	0	0
Cree	139,545	139,320	139,165	137,930	1,210	25	85	70	225
Dakota	3,360	3,355	3,350	3,340	10	0	0	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	645	650	650	645	0	0	0	0	0
Dene Tha (Slavey)	760	755	760	755	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	11,290	11,280	11,280	11,155	125	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan	3,075	3,070	3,065	3,065	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	40	45	45	40	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	1,470	1,460	1,460	1,460	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	700	700	700	700	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	1,260	1,260	1,260	1,260	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	1,305	1,285	1,280	1,275	10	0	0	0	20
Innu/Montagnais	12,145	12,120	12,085	11,995	85	0	25	10	25
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	275	265	255	250	0	0	0	0	15
Kaska	155	150	150	150	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	470	475	470	470	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	1,375	1,365	1,365	1,365	0	0	0	0	10
Lakota	165	165	165	160	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	2,970	2,945	2,935	2,930	0	0	0	10	25
Mi'kmaq	17,330	17,170	17,155	17,115	40	0	0	10	160
Mohawk	5,380	5,325	5,305	5,275	35	0	0	15	55
Musqueam	185	180	180	185	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	780	780	780	765	10	0	0	0	0
Navajo	115	115	115	110	10	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	2,400	2,400	2,400	2,400	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	2,150	2,145	2,140	2,140	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth	2,115	2,115	2,110	2,110	0	0	0	10	0
Nuxalk	840	840	840	835	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	1,080	1,080	1,080	1,080	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	55,460	55,320	55,240	54,995	250	0	35	40	140
Oji-Cree	15,735	15,735	15,725	15,720	15	0	10	0	0
Okanagan (Syilx)	2,700	2,680	2,680	2,680	0	0	0	0	15
Oneida	165	165	165	165	0	0	0	0	0
Potawatomi	1,700	1,700	1,700	1,700	0	0	0	0	0
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	11,305	11,265	11,235	11,225	10	0	15	0	35
Saulteaux	8,280	8,275	8,265	8,225	35	0	10	0	10
Sechelt (Shishalh)	245	245	245	240	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	4,010	4,000	4,000	3,990	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	655	655	655	655	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	1,755	1,750	1,740	1,730	15	0	0	10	10
Squamish	980	975	970	970	0	0	0	0	0
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	1,690	1,685	1,680	1,675	10	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	1,550	1,550	1,545	1,535	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	7,280	7,280	7,275	7,245	30	0	0	10	0
Tahltan	825	820	825	820	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	30	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	215	215	220	220	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	2,345	2,340	2,340	2,340	0	0	0	0	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	445	445	445	450	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	45	45	45	45	0	0	0	0	0
Wet'suwet'en	860	860	865	860	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	10,750	10,470	10,420	10,340	75	0	20	35	280
Métis ancestry	6,370	6,000	5,865	3,885	1,975	0	115	15	370
Inuit ancestry	1,335	1,325	1,280	1,070	15	190	40	0	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	79,655	39,125	38,165	36,150	1,955	60	135	825	40,530
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	380,360	339,590	338,350	334,385	3,760	200	265	975	40,760
English only	346,305	310,385	309,310	305,870	3,265	175	235	840	35,920
French only	17,295	16,335	16,265	16,065	195	0	20	50	965
English and French	13,665	9,975	9,880	9,560	295	25	10	85	3,695
Neither English nor French	3,085	2,905	2,900	2,890	10	0	0	0	180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	380,355	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,760	200	270	980	40,760
English	351,730	314,035	312,930	309,350	3,395	185	235	870	37,695
French	21,420	18,670	18,540	18,190	345	10	25	105	2,750
English and French	4,190	4,055	4,050	4,035	15	0	0	10	135
Neither English nor French	3,015	2,835	2,830	2,815	10	0	0	0	180
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	23,515	20,695	20,565	20,205	350	10	25	105	2,820
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	6.2	6.1	6.1	6.0	9.3	5.0	9.3	10.7	6.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	380,355	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,765	200	270	975	40,760
Official languages	259,540	223,255	222,140	218,675	3,335	130	215	900	36,285
English	249,835	216,330	215,345	212,210	3,015	125	190	795	33,510
French	10,070	7,185	7,040	6,695	340	15	35	110	2,885
Non-official languages	128,110	123,365	123,230	122,680	475	80	55	85	4,745
Aboriginal languages	123,130	123,065	122,960	122,415	470	75	55	55	65
Algonquian languages	105,620	105,570	105,470	105,040	395	35	45	50	55
Blackfoot	2,510	2,505	2,505	2,500	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	70,235	70,200	70,120	69,735	350	35	40	40	35
Atikamekw	5,145	5,145	5,150	5,125	20	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,025	9,020	9,010	8,985	20	0	10	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,155	1,155	1,145	1,130	10	10	10	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,295	1,300	1,300	1,295	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	15	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	715	715	715	710	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	52,865	52,840	52,775	52,460	285	30	20	40	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,645	6,640	6,640	6,635	0	0	0	10	0
Malecite	270	270	270	270	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,380	6,375	6,375	6,370	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	26,215	26,200	26,185	26,140	45	0	10	10	10
Algonquin	1,170	1,165	1,165	1,165	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	13,160	13,155	13,140	13,115	25	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	11,760	11,765	11,765	11,745	15	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	120	120	120	120	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	8,580	8,580	8,575	8,520	55	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	8,560	8,555	8,555	8,500	60	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	95	95	95	95	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	185	190	185	185	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	650	650	645	650	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	475	475	475	475	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,730	6,730	6,730	6,670	60	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	25	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	80	80	80	80	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	245	245	245	245	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	175	175	175	180	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	65	70	70	65	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	75	70	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	65	65	60	60	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	60	55	15	0	45	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	40	35	0	0	35	10	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	20	20	15	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	790	790	790	790	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	780	785	780	780	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	85	85	85	80	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,235	2,230	2,230	2,230	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	80	80	85	85	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	500	500	495	495	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	315	315	310	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	295	295	295	295	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	445	445	445	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	40	40	40	40	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	95	100	100	95	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	275	280	280	275	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	180	180	180	180	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	3,960	3,960	3,955	3,955	10	0	0	0	0
Dakota	930	930	930	930	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	3,000	3,000	2,995	2,990	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	30	30	35	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,100	1,100	1,100	1,100	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	735	735	735	735	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	270	270	270	270	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	95	95	95	90	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	540	540	540	540	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	80	75	75	75	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	80	80	80	80	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	210	210	210	215	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	160	165	165	160	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	95	100	95	100	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,980	300	270	265	0	0	0	30	4,680
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	380,355	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,760	205	270	975	40,765
Official languages	347,865	308,140	306,920	303,040	3,695	185	255	965	39,730
English	333,245	295,160	294,035	290,380	3,480	180	230	895	38,085
French	17,235	14,700	14,580	14,235	340	0	30	90	2,535
Non-official languages	135,600	131,890	131,750	131,090	575	85	55	95	3,710
Aboriginal languages	131,710	131,450	131,320	130,685	555	85	55	70	265
Algonquian languages	112,870	112,670	112,560	112,035	465	55	45	60	200
Blackfoot	3,715	3,705	3,710	3,710	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	74,810	74,685	74,600	74,145	400	60	35	50	120
Atikamekw	5,220	5,215	5,215	5,190	30	0	0	0	10
Montagnais (Innu)	9,275	9,255	9,240	9,210	25	0	10	0	20
Moose Cree	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,270	1,270	1,260	1,235	15	10	10	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,745	1,740	1,735	1,735	0	0	0	0	10
Southern East Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	735	735	730	730	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	56,670	56,585	56,530	56,160	315	50	15	45	85
Eastern Algonquian languages	7,085	7,055	7,050	7,040	10	0	0	10	30
Malecite	375	375	370	370	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,710	6,680	6,675	6,670	0	0	0	10	30
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	27,265	27,225	27,205	27,150	60	0	10	10	45
Algonquin	1,230	1,225	1,220	1,220	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	13,940	13,900	13,890	13,850	35	0	10	10	35
Oji-Cree	11,980	11,975	11,975	11,960	15	0	0	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	135	135	135	135	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	30	25	30	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	9,210	9,200	9,200	9,130	70	0	0	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,195	9,180	9,185	9,110	70	0	0	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	105	100	105	100	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	155	155	155	155	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	620	620	615	620	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	520	520	520	520	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,305	7,300	7,300	7,230	70	0	0	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	25	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	85	85	85	85	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	245	245	245	245	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	175	180	180	175	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	65	65	65	65	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	140	135	140	135	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	125	125	120	120	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	155	160	155	155	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	50	50	50	25	0	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	30	35	10	0	25	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	15	15	15	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	975	970	965	965	0	0	0	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	965	955	950	950	0	0	0	10	0
Oneida	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	115	115	115	115	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,685	2,660	2,655	2,650	10	0	10	0	25
Comox	110	105	110	110	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	480	475	475	475	10	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	440	440	440	440	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	385	390	385	385	0	0	10	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	560	555	545	545	0	0	0	10	10
Squamish	110	110	110	110	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	245	235	240	240	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	205	205	200	205	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	155	155	150	150	0	0	0	0	10
Siouan languages	3,915	3,910	3,910	3,895	15	0	0	0	10
Dakota	780	775	775	775	0	0	0	0	10
Stoney	3,105	3,100	3,095	3,085	10	0	0	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	40	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	35	30	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,295	1,295	1,290	1,290	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	735	735	735	735	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	485	485	485	490	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	75	75	70	75	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	365	355	355	355	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	70	70	65	70	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	50	45	45	45	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	135	130	130	130	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	100	95	100	95	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	110	110	105	110	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,925	480	460	435	20	0	0	20	3,450
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	380,355	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,760	205	265	975	40,765
Official languages	377,265	336,690	335,450	331,495	3,750	195	265	975	40,580
English	359,970	320,355	319,190	315,430	3,560	195	245	920	39,615
French	30,960	26,305	26,140	25,630	485	25	35	130	4,655
Non-official languages	156,625	150,795	150,600	149,785	715	95	70	125	5,830
Aboriginal languages	150,395	150,020	149,860	149,090	675	95	70	90	375
Algonquian languages	126,540	126,250	126,115	125,480	565	65	60	75	295
Blackfoot	4,200	4,190	4,190	4,185	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	82,080	81,900	81,800	81,245	490	65	50	55	185
Atikamekw	5,310	5,305	5,305	5,275	30	0	0	0	10
Montagnais (Innu)	9,655	9,640	9,620	9,585	30	0	15	10	20
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,355	1,350	1,345	1,315	20	10	10	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	2,105	2,095	2,095	2,090	0	0	0	0	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	100	100	95	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	820	820	815	810	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	63,300	63,155	63,080	62,625	400	55	25	50	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	8,255	8,220	8,210	8,200	10	0	0	0	40
Malecite	560	555	550	555	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	7,710	7,675	7,665	7,660	10	0	0	0	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,585	32,520	32,495	32,430	65	0	10	10	65
Algonquin	1,695	1,685	1,685	1,680	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway	17,650	17,595	17,575	17,530	50	0	10	10	55
Oji-Cree	13,220	13,215	13,210	13,195	15	0	0	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	155	155	155	155	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	65	70	65	65	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,640	10,620	10,615	10,540	75	0	0	0	20
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,605	10,580	10,580	10,505	75	0	0	0	20
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	155	150	150	150	0	0	0	0	10
Beaver	265	260	265	265	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	1,115	1,110	1,105	1,105	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	675	670	675	675	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	7,700	7,700	7,630	75	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	50	45	50	45	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	150	150	145	145	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	310	310	310	310	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	225	220	220	220	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	85	90	85	85	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	215	215	215	210	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	20	20	20	25	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	200	195	195	195	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	40	35	40	35	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	240	235	235	235	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	105	105	95	45	0	50	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	70	70	65	25	0	40	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	30	30	35	25	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	1,370	1,360	1,350	1,345	0	0	0	0	10
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,345	1,330	1,325	1,325	0	0	0	0	10
Oneida	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	150	150	145	145	10	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	25	25	20	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	4,470	4,450	4,435	4,430	10	0	10	10	25
Comox	155	155	160	155	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	855	855	855	855	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	690	690	685	685	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	655	650	650	650	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	970	965	960	955	0	0	10	0	0
Squamish	225	220	220	225	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	315	310	310	305	10	0	0	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	340	340	335	340	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	325	315	315	315	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,660	4,650	4,650	4,630	20	0	0	0	10
Dakota	1,235	1,230	1,230	1,230	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	3,465	3,465	3,460	3,445	15	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	60	55	55	50	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	40	45	45	45	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,860	1,860	1,855	1,855	0	0	0	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	960	960	955	955	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	755	755	755	750	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	165	165	165	170	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	715	710	705	705	0	0	0	10	10
Haisla	100	100	100	100	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	100	100	100	100	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	265	260	260	255	0	0	0	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	235	235	230	230	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	25	25	20	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	185	180	180	180	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,515	1,025	990	945	45	0	0	40	5,480
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	373,105	332,585	331,360	327,470	3,695	200	260	965	40,515
Non-movers	338,505	304,750	303,630	300,320	3,155	155	225	900	33,755
Movers	34,595	27,835	27,730	27,145	545	45	35	70	6,760
Non-migrants	19,445	16,830	16,795	16,570	200	20	25	20	2,615
Migrants	15,150	11,005	10,940	10,575	345	20	15	50	4,145
Internal migrants	14,665	10,860	10,800	10,440	340	20	15	45	3,805
Intraprovincial migrants	12,435	9,730	9,680	9,385	280	10	10	40	2,705
Interprovincial migrants	2,230	1,130	1,120	1,055	60	10	0	10	1,100
External migrants	490	150	140	140	0	0	0	10	340
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	343,735	304,090	302,930	299,265	3,475	190	220	940	39,645
Non-movers	251,940	230,615	229,690	227,550	2,055	85	155	765	21,325
Movers	91,795	73,480	73,240	71,715	1,415	110	70	175	18,320
Non-migrants	52,760	46,000	45,895	45,320	535	45	35	70	6,755
Migrants	39,040	27,480	27,340	26,400	880	60	30	105	11,560
Internal migrants	37,435	26,975	26,840	25,905	880	55	30	105	10,460
Intraprovincial migrants	31,275	23,780	23,670	22,945	695	35	25	90	7,495
Interprovincial migrants	6,165	3,195	3,175	2,960	185	25	10	15	2,970
External migrants	1,605	505	500	495	0	0	0	0	1,100
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	269,520	232,005	231,020	227,945	2,920	150	140	845	37,510
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	142,585	133,780	133,455	131,980	1,400	85	65	260	8,805
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125,395	118,425	118,160	116,910	1,185	75	45	215	6,975
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	17,185	15,355	15,300	15,070	215	10	20	50	1,830
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	126,935	98,225	97,560	95,965	1,525	65	80	585	28,710
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,680	46,475	46,220	45,485	715	25	35	220	11,210
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	69,250	51,750	51,340	50,485	810	40	50	365	17,505
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	269,520	232,005	231,020	227,940	2,925	150	145	845	37,510
No certificate, diploma or degree	125,400	118,425	118,160	116,910	1,180	70	50	215	6,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	57,680	46,470	46,225	45,480	715	25	30	220	11,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,530	21,875	21,790	21,425	345	20	15	70	4,655
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	16,805	14,540	14,470	14,245	215	0	10	55	2,270
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	9,725	7,340	7,320	7,185	125	15	0	20	2,390
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	37,030	29,605	29,385	28,905	450	25	20	205	7,425
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,225	5,955	5,910	5,850	50	0	10	35	1,265
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,655	9,665	9,555	9,365	180	10	15	95	5,985
Bachelor's degree	11,620	7,645	7,570	7,440	125	0	0	70	3,975
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	4,035	2,020	1,985	1,925	55	0	15	20	2,015
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	269,515	232,005	231,020	227,940	2,925	150	140	845	37,515
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	183,080	164,900	164,385	162,390	1,895	100	80	435	18,185
Education	8,345	6,380	6,310	6,205	90	10	0	65	1,965
13. Education	8,345	6,380	6,310	6,210	90	10	0	60	1,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,620	970	970	940	30	0	0	0	640
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	165	160	155	0	0	0	0	155
50. Visual and performing arts	1,295	810	810	785	25	0	0	0	485
Humanities	3,185	2,400	2,380	2,355	15	10	0	20	790
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	500	440	440	440	0	0	0	0	65
23. English language and literature/letters	280	115	110	105	10	0	0	0	165
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,770	1,530	1,525	1,520	0	0	0	10	235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	325	175	175	170	10	0	0	0	145
54. History	200	85	80	80	0	0	0	0	115
55. French language and literature/letters	50	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,505	6,835	6,790	6,710	80	10	0	40	1,665
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	730	720	720	715	0	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	360	230	230	225	0	0	0	0	135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,440	4,055	4,030	3,980	50	0	0	25	385
22. Legal professions and studies	765	505	505	490	10	0	0	10	260
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	120	80	75	70	10	0	0	0	45
42. Psychology	670	335	325	320	0	0	0	0	340
45. Social sciences	1,420	915	905	900	10	0	0	10	505
Business, management and public administration	16,435	12,815	12,720	12,535	180	10	10	85	3,610
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	20	25	20	0	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,740	3,410	3,385	3,335	45	0	0	25	330
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,655	9,385	9,315	9,175	135	10	10	60	3,275
Physical and life sciences and technologies	780	360	350	335	10	0	0	10	420
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	100	95	95	0	0	0	0	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	155	155	145	10	0	0	0	105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	25	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	190	45	40	45	0	0	0	0	145
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	40	40	0	0	0	0	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,375	940	935	920	15	0	0	10	425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,150	835	830	815	15	0	0	10	315
25. Library science	125	80	75	80	0	0	0	0	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	19,675	15,180	15,140	14,855	265	20	0	40	4,495
04. Architecture and related services	165	55	55	50	0	0	0	10	110
14. Engineering	1,095	570	565	555	10	0	0	0	530
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,100	2,450	2,445	2,405	35	0	10	0	655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,975	7,665	7,650	7,540	110	0	0	0	1,315
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,550	2,330	2,320	2,240	75	10	0	15	1,220
48. Precision production	2,775	2,110	2,105	2,065	40	0	0	10	665
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,045	2,565	2,560	2,515	45	10	0	0	475
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	885	605	610	590	15	0	0	0	275
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,160	1,960	1,950	1,920	30	0	10	0	205
Health and related fields	11,570	8,405	8,280	8,135	145	0	10	110	3,165
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	650	420	420	410	10	0	0	0	230
51. Health professions and related programs	10,885	7,980	7,855	7,720	135	10	10	110	2,910
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,870	10,210	10,160	10,005	150	0	15	40	1,655
12. Personal and culinary services	4,230	3,330	3,300	3,240	55	0	10	20	900
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	25	30	25	0	0	0	0	45
43. Security and protective services	2,730	2,465	2,455	2,415	35	0	0	10	265
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,835	4,385	4,370	4,310	55	0	0	10	450
Other	45	40	45	40	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	45	40	40	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	269,520	232,005	231,020	227,940	2,925	150	145	845	37,510
In the labour force	131,820	112,360	111,900	110,160	1,650	90	65	395	19,460
Employed	102,200	84,505	84,100	82,725	1,300	70	60	350	17,695
Unemployed	29,615	27,855	27,805	27,430	350	25	0	45	1,765
Not in the labour force	137,705	119,645	119,115	117,785	1,270	60	80	450	18,055
Participation rate	48.9	48.4	48.4	48.3	56.4	60.0	44.8	46.7	51.9
Employment rate	37.9	36.4	36.4	36.3	44.4	46.7	41.4	41.4	47.2
Unemployment rate	22.5	24.8	24.8	24.9	21.2	27.8	0.0	11.4	9.1
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	131,815	112,360	111,900	110,160	1,650	90	65	395	19,455
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	12,035	11,610	11,595	11,470	125	0	0	15	425
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	119,785	100,750	100,305	98,690	1,525	90	60	380	19,035
Employee	114,345	97,420	96,995	95,485	1,430	85	60	365	16,925
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	5,435	3,325	3,310	3,210	95	0	0	15	2,110
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	269,520	232,005	231,020	227,945	2,925	150	145	845	37,510
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	136,740	119,660	119,165	117,810	1,300	50	70	425	17,075
Worked	132,775	112,345	111,860	110,135	1,625	105	75	415	20,435
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	106,935	91,535	91,155	89,785	1,305	70	50	335	15,395
1 to 13 weeks	11,095	10,420	10,380	10,295	85	0	15	25	675
14 to 26 weeks	14,965	13,700	13,675	13,490	175	10	0	25	1,260
27 to 39 weeks	7,635	6,505	6,485	6,370	115	0	10	10	1,130
40 to 48 weeks	12,155	9,585	9,540	9,355	180	10	0	45	2,565
49 to 52 weeks	61,085	51,325	51,075	50,270	755	45	25	230	9,755
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	25,850	20,810	20,705	20,355	320	35	20	85	5,040
1 to 13 weeks	7,985	7,050	7,020	6,930	85	10	10	20	935
14 to 26 weeks	6,655	5,555	5,535	5,465	60	10	0	20	1,100
27 to 39 weeks	2,390	1,830	1,820	1,785	35	0	0	0	565
40 to 48 weeks	2,350	1,525	1,505	1,460	35	0	10	10	830
49 to 52 weeks	6,460	4,850	4,820	4,710	105	10	0	30	1,610
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.1	37.4	37.4	37.3	40.1	36.4	33.9	42.1	41.8
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	131,820	112,360	111,900	110,160	1,650	90	65	395	19,460
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	12,035	11,615	11,595	11,470	125	0	0	15	420
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	119,780	100,750	100,300	98,690	1,525	90	65	380	19,035
0 Management occupations	9,000	7,095	7,045	6,965	75	10	0	50	1,905
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,375	12,715	12,645	12,490	140	0	10	60	2,655
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,670	1,890	1,880	1,820	60	0	0	10	785
3 Health occupations	4,595	3,390	3,350	3,270	75	0	0	40	1,205
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	24,170	21,225	21,120	20,840	270	15	15	90	2,945
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,275	1,740	1,740	1,710	25	0	0	0	530
6 Sales and service occupations	28,395	23,820	23,720	23,300	380	35	25	80	4,575
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	21,955	18,660	18,625	18,280	330	20	0	25	3,295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,525	6,955	6,935	6,820	115	0	0	15	575
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,820	3,260	3,245	3,190	50	10	0	10	565
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	131,820	112,360	111,900	110,160	1,650	95	65	395	19,455
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	12,035	11,615	11,595	11,465	130	10	0	15	420
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	119,785	100,750	100,300	98,690	1,525	85	60	380	19,035
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,890	5,445	5,430	5,365	65	0	10	10	440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,645	2,305	2,305	2,245	50	10	0	0	340
22 Utilities	1,615	1,515	1,510	1,505	0	0	0	10	100
23 Construction	11,615	9,850	9,825	9,655	170	0	10	15	1,770
31-33 Manufacturing	3,745	2,755	2,745	2,690	45	0	0	10	990
41 Wholesale trade	1,035	575	570	535	30	0	0	10	460
44-45 Retail trade	10,225	7,695	7,655	7,460	180	20	0	35	2,525
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,285	3,260	3,245	3,165	75	10	10	15	1,025
51 Information and cultural industries	885	615	610	605	10	0	0	0	270
52 Finance and insurance	900	400	395	385	10	0	0	0	505
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,075	730	730	715	15	0	0	10	340
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,460	1,390	1,380	1,360	20	0	0	10	1,070
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,835	4,915	4,905	4,805	100	0	0	15	920
61 Educational services	14,410	12,450	12,375	12,205	160	10	15	60	1,960
62 Health care and social assistance	20,110	17,755	17,665	17,435	215	10	0	90	2,350
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,795	3,260	3,245	3,205	40	0	10	15	535
72 Accommodation and food services	6,300	4,960	4,930	4,830	80	10	10	20	1,340
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,325	2,405	2,380	2,295	75	0	10	15	925
91 Public administration	19,595	18,450	18,375	18,190	180	10	0	65	1,145
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	102,200	84,505	84,095	82,730	1,300	70	60	350	17,695
Worked at home	3,560	2,320	2,305	2,255	50	0	0	20	1,245
Worked outside Canada	270	215	210	210	0	0	0	10	55
No fixed workplace address	16,710	13,985	13,960	13,710	250	0	0	20	2,725
Worked at usual place	81,660	67,980	67,620	66,555	1,010	65	55	305	13,680
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	81,660	67,980	67,620	66,550	1,010	60	55	305	13,675
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	44,495	41,630	41,435	41,075	330	30	20	175	2,865
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30,960	21,325	21,190	20,585	575	25	35	105	9,635
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,525	4,515	4,495	4,415	75	10	0	20	1,010
Commute to a different province or territory	680	510	505	480	25	10	0	0	165
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	98,370	81,970	81,585	80,260	1,255	65	55	330	16,405
Car, truck, van - as a driver	68,310	55,515	55,190	54,200	960	25	50	270	12,800
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	11,020	10,180	10,160	10,030	115	10	0	15	840
Public transit	2,185	1,395	1,395	1,355	35	0	0	0	785
Walked	13,745	12,300	12,265	12,155	95	15	0	30	1,445
Bicycle	515	325	325	320	0	0	0	0	190
Other method	2,600	2,260	2,250	2,200	40	10	0	10	340
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	140,225	119,115	118,610	116,790	1,710	105	70	435	21,110
Official languages	137,090	116,070	115,560	113,750	1,710	105	75	435	21,025
English	130,460	110,205	109,715	107,985	1,640	100	70	420	20,255
French	9,875	8,115	8,070	7,935	135	0	10	35	1,760
Non-official languages	39,945	39,305	39,265	39,065	170	25	15	30	635
Aboriginal languages	39,410	39,225	39,185	38,990	170	30	15	30	180
Algonquian languages	35,015	34,870	34,840	34,670	140	25	10	20	140
Blackfoot	1,040	1,040	1,035	1,035	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	23,345	23,240	23,215	23,075	120	25	10	15	100
Atikamekw	1,440	1,435	1,440	1,420	15	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	3,040	3,025	3,020	3,010	10	0	0	0	15
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	480	475	475	465	10	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	265	265	260	260	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	105	100	105	100	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	18,030	17,950	17,925	17,820	85	15	10	10	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,445	2,435	2,430	2,430	10	0	0	10	10
Malecite	120	125	125	120	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,320	2,315	2,310	2,305	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	8,195	8,160	8,155	8,140	15	0	10	0	30
Algonquin	285	285	285	285	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	3,965	3,945	3,940	3,930	10	0	0	0	20
Oji-Cree	3,915	3,900	3,900	3,895	0	0	0	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,255	2,245	2,250	2,225	25	0	0	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,260	2,250	2,250	2,225	25	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	20	15	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	35	35	35	35	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	105	105	105	105	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	105	100	105	105	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,905	1,900	1,905	1,880	20	0	0	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	55	55	60	55	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	50	50	50	50	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	15	15	15	20	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	15	20	15	20	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	60	55	55	55	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	15	15	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	230	230	230	230	0	0	0	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	225	220	220	220	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	30	35	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	540	520	515	515	0	0	10	0	15
Comox	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	140	140	140	140	0	0	0	0	10
Lillooet	60	55	55	55	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	95	85	85	85	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	105	105	100	100	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	20	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	45	45	45	40	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	30	30	30	30	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	35	35	35	30	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	925	925	925	925	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	190	190	190	190	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	735	735	735	735	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	240	235	230	230	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	100	95	100	100	0	0	0	0	10
Nisga'a	125	125	120	120	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	85	75	80	80	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	15	15	15	15	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	20	20	20	0	0	0	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	25	30	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	25	20	25	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	535	85	85	80	10	0	0	10	450
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	269,520	232,005	231,015	227,945	2,925	150	145	845	37,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	245,305	208,760	207,815	204,920	2,755	140	125	815	36,545
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	18,445	17,029	16,995	16,907	22,150	21,081	19,534	23,135	30,755
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,944	23,258	23,229	23,104	32,077	32,728	24,608	30,318	41,287
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	245,385	208,805	207,860	204,965	2,755	140	125	815	36,580
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	18,222	16,927	16,891	16,823	21,585	20,953	18,766	22,082	28,213
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,340	22,450	22,425	22,340	28,461	28,279	23,297	28,676	35,126
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	168,540	136,850	136,140	133,995	2,030	110	85	620	31,690
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	18,307	16,450	16,423	16,336	22,760	15,129	20,992	20,935	26,603
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,343	24,736	24,718	24,585	33,084	31,542	25,476	28,541	38,604
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	217,765	188,500	187,665	185,190	2,350	125	115	720	29,260
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,485	4,810	4,794	4,774	6,711	7,430	4,969	9,974	10,335
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,062	7,799	7,792	7,777	8,923	8,492	8,241	9,707	9,757
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	150,325	126,985	126,455	124,565	1,790	105	80	460	23,335
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	18,680	17,353	17,319	17,214	24,249	16,117	18,819	27,541	27,274
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,098	25,031	25,006	24,869	34,108	33,224	24,007	32,089	38,348
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	269,515	232,005	231,020	227,940	2,925	155	140	845	37,515
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	55,975	46,605	46,375	45,640	700	35	25	210	9,370
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	37,383	35,676	35,641	35,567	42,562	32,212	31,912	44,198	47,193
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	44,142	40,939	40,913	40,736	51,536	57,342	38,267	47,203	60,074
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	72.4	69.7	69.7	69.6	76.2	79.2	67.7	72.2	81.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	64.0	65.5	65.5	65.4	68.9	72.5	58.5	59.7	59.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	27.6	30.3	30.3	30.4	23.7	22.2	30.8	28.1	18.9
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	269,520	232,005	231,020	227,940	2,920	150	145	845	37,510
Without total income	24,215	23,245	23,205	23,020	170	10	15	30	965
With total income	245,305	208,760	207,815	204,925	2,750	140	125	820	36,545
Percentage with total income	91.0	90.0	90.0	89.9	94.2	93.3	86.2	97.0	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,630	75,885	75,710	75,010	665	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	135	4,755
$10,000 to $19,999	51,090	43,975	43,725	43,100	600	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	220	7,115
$20,000 to $29,999	34,725	28,740	28,565	28,105	440	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	150	5,985
$30,000 to $39,999	25,735	20,700	20,595	20,295	280	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90	5,035
$40,000 to $49,999	18,145	14,260	14,170	13,955	210	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	85	3,885
$50,000 to $59,999	11,520	8,955	8,900	8,725	170	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	50	2,560
$60,000 to $69,999	7,785	5,780	5,750	5,640	115	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	30	1,995
$70,000 to $79,999	4,935	3,575	3,550	3,465	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	25	1,365
$80,000 to $89,999	3,430	2,400	2,385	2,345	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	1,035
$90,000 to $99,999	2,370	1,595	1,590	1,535	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	775
$100,000 and over	4,925	2,895	2,875	2,745	120	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15	2,030
$100,000 to $149,999	3,775	2,340	2,320	2,235	85	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	1,445
$150,000 and over	1,150	555	555	510	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	0	590
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	269,520	232,005	231,015	227,945	2,925	150	140	845	37,515
Without after-tax income	24,135	23,205	23,160	22,975	175	10	15	30	930
With after-tax income	245,385	208,805	207,860	204,965	2,750	140	125	815	36,580
Percentage with after-tax income	91.0	90.0	90.0	89.9	94.0	93.3	89.3	96.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	81,060	76,055	75,880	75,170	670	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	140	5,010
$10,000 to $19,999	51,910	44,440	44,185	43,545	610	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	225	7,475
$20,000 to $29,999	36,505	29,590	29,415	28,910	480	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	155	6,915
$30,000 to $39,999	26,880	21,125	21,010	20,675	310	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	100	5,755
$40,000 to $49,999	18,320	14,500	14,405	14,170	225	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	85	3,820
$50,000 to $59,999	11,580	8,890	8,835	8,665	170	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	50	2,695
$60,000 to $69,999	7,075	5,470	5,445	5,340	100	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	20	1,610
$70,000 to $79,999	4,530	3,370	3,350	3,275	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	20	1,160
$80,000 and over	7,525	5,375	5,345	5,210	130	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	30	2,150
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	2,130	2,115	2,075	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	15	750
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695	1,255	1,250	1,225	25	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	440
$100,000 and over	2,955	1,995	1,980	1,915	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	960
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	269,515	232,010	231,020	227,945	2,925	155	145	840	37,515
Without employment income	119,195	105,015	104,565	103,380	1,135	50	65	385	14,175
With employment income	150,325	126,990	126,455	124,565	1,785	100	75	460	23,335
Percentage with employment income	55.8	54.7	54.7	54.6	61.0	64.5	51.7	54.8	62.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	36,185	31,450	31,365	31,025	315	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70	4,740
$5,000 to $9,999	17,440	15,640	15,595	15,410	175	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	40	1,805
$10,000 to $19,999	24,275	21,165	21,075	20,760	290	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	75	3,110
$20,000 to $29,999	20,165	17,490	17,415	17,140	260	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	65	2,675
$30,000 to $39,999	16,750	14,185	14,110	13,930	175	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	60	2,570
$40,000 to $49,999	11,675	9,500	9,440	9,300	140	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	50	2,175
$50,000 to $59,999	7,365	5,860	5,830	5,705	115	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	30	1,505
$60,000 to $69,999	5,170	3,930	3,905	3,820	80	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	25	1,240
$70,000 to $79,999	3,490	2,630	2,610	2,555	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	20	855
$80,000 and over	7,810	5,145	5,120	4,930	170	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	25	2,665
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,780	1,770	1,725	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	705
$90,000 to $99,999	1,760	1,185	1,180	1,140	25	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	575
$100,000 and over	3,565	2,180	2,170	2,060	100	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	10	1,390
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	31,455	23,605	23,435	23,105	320	15	35	140	7,845
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	19,065	17,127	17,092	17,063	22,362	0	19,526	21,957	32,206
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	25,831	20,744	20,673	20,482	33,894	0	24,101	31,951	41,127
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	18,975	17,102	17,067	17,038	21,914	0	18,758	21,602	29,119
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	23,646	19,845	19,780	19,647	29,171	0	23,347	29,919	35,078
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	380,355	339,595	338,350	334,385	3,765	200	265	975	40,760
In the bottom half of the distribution	301,405	277,405	276,545	273,955	2,475	115	200	660	24,000
In the bottom decile	131,880	127,065	126,800	125,825	940	35	90	175	4,815
In the second decile	62,355	57,305	57,085	56,555	500	25	50	180	5,050
In the third decile	44,770	39,415	39,265	38,860	380	20	30	125	5,350
In the fourth decile	34,755	30,250	30,145	29,755	365	25	10	95	4,500
In the fifth decile	27,640	23,360	23,255	22,965	280	10	20	85	4,280
In the top half of the distribution	78,950	62,190	61,805	60,430	1,285	85	65	315	16,765
In the sixth decile	22,450	18,900	18,810	18,465	315	30	25	65	3,550
In the seventh decile	19,465	15,620	15,525	15,235	280	15	25	70	3,845
In the eighth decile	15,965	12,725	12,625	12,335	280	15	0	90	3,240
In the ninth decile	12,905	9,570	9,525	9,260	255	15	0	40	3,335
In the top decile	8,170	5,375	5,315	5,140	165	10	10	50	2,795
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

F

too unreliable to be published

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Canada [Country] (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
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