Visible Minority (15), Individual Low-income Status (6), Low-income Indicators (4), Generation Status (4), Age (6) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Low-income indicators (4): Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)
• Generation status (4): Total - Generation status
• Age (6): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details visible minority , individual low-income status , low-income indicators , generation status , age and sex for the population in private households in Canada

Visible minority (15)	Individual low-income status (6)
	Total - Individual low-income status^Footnote 3	Low-income status - not applicable^Footnote 4	Low-income status - applicable	In low income	Not in low income	Prevalence of low income (%)^Footnote 5
Total - Visible minority^Footnote 6	34,460,065	491,875	33,968,190	4,809,340	29,158,855	14.2
Total visible minority population^Footnote 7	7,674,580	11,185	7,663,400	1,590,245	6,073,155	20.8
South Asian^Footnote 8	1,924,635	1,560	1,923,075	317,245	1,605,830	16.5
Chinese	1,577,060	1,315	1,575,745	368,880	1,206,870	23.4
Black	1,198,545	1,820	1,196,725	285,805	910,915	23.9
Filipino	780,125	3,110	777,020	57,525	719,490	7.4
Latin American	447,320	550	446,770	88,555	358,210	19.8
Arab	523,235	295	522,935	189,375	333,560	36.2
Southeast Asian^Footnote 9	313,260	540	312,720	54,900	257,820	17.6
West Asian^Footnote 10	264,300	785	263,515	91,385	172,135	34.7
Korean	188,710	340	188,370	61,405	126,960	32.6
Japanese	92,920	380	92,540	11,920	80,620	12.9
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 11	132,090	185	131,905	24,405	107,500	18.5
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 12	232,375	295	232,080	38,845	193,235	16.7
Not a visible minority^Footnote 13	26,785,485	480,695	26,304,790	3,219,095	23,085,695	12.2

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Footnote 2

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 3

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 4

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Footnote 5

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 6

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 7

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 8

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 9

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 10

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 11

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 12

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 13

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Data quality note(s) – Canada

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016211.