Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Canada

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	34,460,060	19,862,310	7,149,365	188,305
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	34,460,060	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
0 to 14 years	5,817,050	3,783,745	1,153,930	56,215
0 to 4 years	1,891,500	1,217,865	382,545	20,175
5 to 9 years	2,011,280	1,310,440	408,945	18,410
10 to 14 years	1,914,270	1,255,440	362,440	17,625
15 to 64 years	23,163,110	13,178,960	4,703,475	113,795
15 to 19 years	2,010,045	1,285,455	369,485	15,835
20 to 24 years	2,221,675	1,362,545	426,015	16,315
25 to 29 years	2,266,035	1,351,635	424,420	15,230
30 to 34 years	2,310,540	1,313,440	434,555	13,160
35 to 39 years	2,270,680	1,217,570	463,860	11,420
40 to 44 years	2,237,095	1,201,260	423,560	9,415
45 to 49 years	2,339,335	1,265,190	442,865	8,825
50 to 54 years	2,652,640	1,468,775	570,365	9,055
55 to 59 years	2,592,720	1,450,960	606,500	7,645
60 to 64 years	2,262,335	1,262,135	541,850	6,910
65 years and over	5,479,905	2,899,610	1,291,960	18,290
65 to 69 years	1,943,415	1,072,870	467,225	6,255
70 to 74 years	1,383,845	736,990	354,295	4,810
75 to 79 years	968,540	489,200	225,940	3,230
80 to 84 years	661,710	330,835	143,750	2,430
85 years and over	522,400	269,710	100,755	1,565
85 to 89 years	364,360	186,435	73,120	1,170
90 to 94 years	130,150	68,160	23,195	295
95 to 99 years	25,100	13,725	4,050	85
100 years and over	2,790	1,380	390	15
Average age	40.5	38.9	42.1	31.0
Median age	40.7	38.4	43.5	26.7
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	28,643,015	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
Married or living common law	16,733,345	9,018,090	3,475,485	59,965
Married	13,223,980	7,309,675	1,999,400	40,975
Living common law	3,509,365	1,708,415	1,476,090	18,990
Not married and not living common law	11,909,675	7,060,480	2,519,950	72,125
Never married	8,082,625	4,891,605	1,718,600	55,705
Separated	696,915	446,755	92,485	3,020
Divorced	1,760,515	1,009,365	416,265	8,605
Widowed	1,369,615	712,750	292,605	4,795
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	28,643,015	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,400	15,407,360	5,824,020	124,010
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	51,868	44,168	41,124
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,205	37,067	34,918	29,996
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	15,414,010	5,825,655	124,025
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	42,229	36,215	34,167
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,861	33,199	30,954	27,479
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	14,022,005	5,209,085	110,085
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	51,264	41,894	40,378
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,754	35,595	31,803	28,463
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	10,598,825	4,419,950	93,560
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,578	8,825	7,000
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,457	5,203	7,855	3,411
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	11,841,270	4,221,445	95,480
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	49,259	41,756	40,062
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,683	35,602	32,987	28,980
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.3	89.9	84.8	87.2
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	72.1	73.0	68.5	75.0
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.7	10.1	15.2	12.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	28,643,020	16,078,565	5,995,445	132,090
Without total income	1,153,620	671,205	171,420	8,080
With total income	27,489,400	15,407,360	5,824,020	124,010
Percentage with total income	96.0	95.8	97.1	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,871,860	2,077,120	632,650	20,865
$10,000 to $19,999	4,683,950	2,399,860	1,033,225	23,460
$20,000 to $29,999	3,812,955	2,002,310	867,375	17,710
$30,000 to $39,999	3,205,135	1,717,800	775,210	14,345
$40,000 to $49,999	2,825,565	1,559,375	696,510	12,240
$50,000 to $59,999	2,182,485	1,255,595	517,490	9,390
$60,000 to $69,999	1,653,905	994,080	363,020	6,880
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270,955	770,220	280,535	5,070
$80,000 to $89,999	966,280	609,345	188,105	3,840
$90,000 to $99,999	749,660	491,060	126,200	2,685
$100,000 and over	2,266,650	1,530,590	343,705	7,520
$100,000 to $149,999	1,494,075	990,870	237,715	5,245
$150,000 and over	772,575	539,725	105,990	2,280
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	28,643,015	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
Without after-tax income	1,142,785	664,555	169,785	8,070
With after-tax income	27,500,225	15,414,010	5,825,655	124,025
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	95.9	97.2	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,999,055	2,150,945	664,555	21,335
$10,000 to $19,999	4,910,175	2,523,215	1,086,635	24,500
$20,000 to $29,999	4,492,315	2,353,995	1,064,550	20,905
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,460	2,094,490	1,002,285	17,800
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,765	1,784,520	749,530	13,440
$50,000 to $59,999	2,210,930	1,324,605	484,720	9,305
$60,000 to $69,999	1,536,595	957,770	304,560	5,820
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,160	707,920	173,220	3,885
$80,000 and over	2,205,775	1,516,555	295,600	7,045
$80,000 to $89,999	689,995	462,545	99,815	2,395
$90,000 to $99,999	422,280	286,190	58,120	1,415
$100,000 and over	1,093,500	767,815	137,670	3,235
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	28,643,020	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
Without employment income	8,214,345	4,237,295	1,773,995	36,610
With employment income	20,428,675	11,841,275	4,221,445	95,480
Percentage with employment income	71.3	73.6	70.4	72.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,779,850	1,662,565	547,930	14,080
$5,000 to $9,999	1,600,435	911,780	317,330	8,690
$10,000 to $19,999	2,733,160	1,474,915	589,305	14,865
$20,000 to $29,999	2,294,505	1,221,535	506,960	11,045
$30,000 to $39,999	2,151,840	1,153,790	504,665	10,270
$40,000 to $49,999	1,927,860	1,072,665	438,200	8,550
$50,000 to $59,999	1,556,480	906,715	341,395	7,110
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,240	732,260	258,425	5,370
$70,000 to $79,999	992,845	594,980	218,745	4,045
$80,000 and over	3,171,465	2,110,070	498,475	11,470
$80,000 to $89,999	772,625	492,270	140,550	3,130
$90,000 to $99,999	625,165	414,240	98,585	2,300
$100,000 and over	1,773,670	1,203,560	259,345	6,040
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	28,643,015	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	9,367,045	5,601,790	1,881,640	40,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	53,431	56,667	49,217	50,250
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	65,997	70,475	58,254	60,551
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
English only	23,575,265	18,023,505	42,120	19,085
French only	4,069,950	4,655	3,776,255	4,425
English and French	6,173,000	1,824,390	3,329,270	164,570
Neither English nor French	641,855	9,760	1,730	215
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	34,460,065	19,862,315	7,149,370	188,305
English	22,031,185	19,189,400	454,765	85,525
French	6,842,955	72,270	6,522,030	35,950
Non-official language	3,950,055	173,445	29,645	5,620
Aboriginal	117,680	8,215	655	20
Non-Aboriginal	3,832,370	165,230	28,985	5,600
English and French	154,380	30,035	69,810	42,540
English and non-official language	1,269,705	386,060	3,535	4,950
French and non-official language	147,040	840	57,380	1,895
English, French and non-official language	64,740	10,260	12,215	11,815
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	34,460,060	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
None	29,383,505	18,895,300	6,265,320	124,975
English	2,068,440	132,725	550,830	18,810
French	723,500	305,105	219,060	31,665
Non-official language	2,131,120	509,895	91,285	7,200
Aboriginal	88,800	39,685	1,220	115
Non-Aboriginal	2,042,315	470,210	90,060	7,085
English and French	46,490	1,465	2,665	1,940
English and non-official language	57,810	2,650	15,455	960
French and non-official language	47,085	15,115	4,670	2,685
English, French and non-official language	2,115	60	85	65
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,300
English	25,813,355	19,857,655	42,120	91,850
French	7,603,935	4,655	7,107,245	38,655
English and French	412,625	0	0	57,800
Neither English nor French	630,150	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	7,810,245	4,655	7,107,250	67,555
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	22.7	0.0	99.4	35.9
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
Official languages	33,818,215	19,852,550	7,147,640	188,085
English	29,748,260	19,847,895	3,371,390	183,665
French	10,242,950	1,829,045	7,105,525	169,000
Non-official languages	9,369,280	1,766,225	502,105	49,710
Aboriginal languages	263,845	76,140	4,010	450
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	1,690,875	498,310	49,315
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,365	188,305
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	1,673,785	1,292,965	176,760	10,300
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,629,805	1,258,245	168,735	9,760
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	977,230	765,070	57,815	3,405
Métis	587,545	465,905	109,535	6,225
Inuk (Inuit)	65,025	27,270	1,380	130
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	21,310	17,255	3,380	335
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	22,670	17,465	4,655	205
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,285	18,569,345	6,972,610	178,005
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,365	188,305
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	820,120	625,330	42,705	2,485
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	19,236,980	7,106,665	185,820
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,300
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	727,785	472,405	83,360	1,775
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	709,235	459,030	80,675	1,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	573,215	379,685	56,225	965
Métis single ancestry	91,255	65,130	23,595	675
Inuit single ancestry	44,760	14,215	855	25
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	18,550	13,380	2,685	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	11,265	2,430	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,305	165	20
Métis and Inuit ancestries	765	675	70	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	140	20	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	1,402,735	1,078,280	286,270	14,810
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	1,347,610	1,033,090	278,575	14,210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,450	652,865	204,960	8,800
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	363,010	71,625	5,245
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	17,215	1,995	160
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	55,125	45,190	7,690	605
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	40,655	7,075	550
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	2,470	405	20
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	1,780	175	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	285	35	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	32,329,545	18,311,625	6,779,740	171,710
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	32,034,585	19,312,905	7,009,215	182,010
Canadian citizens only	30,592,180	18,858,515	6,877,540	171,015
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,442,405	454,390	131,670	10,995
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	2,425,475	549,405	140,155	6,295
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	34,460,060	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	26,412,610	17,872,305	6,779,900	166,090
Immigrants^Footnote 44	7,540,830	1,877,890	327,855	20,975
Before 1981	1,941,510	776,175	70,045	3,685
1981 to 1990	915,555	230,785	29,965	2,685
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	282,485	51,295	4,015
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	371,250	101,220	7,015
2001 to 2005	928,940	168,520	43,190	2,960
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	202,735	58,030	4,055
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	1,212,075	217,190	75,325	3,575
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	506,620	112,115	41,615	1,235
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	7,540,825	1,877,890	327,855	20,980
Under 5 years	731,340	322,275	55,340	4,965
5 to 14 years	1,311,815	415,295	55,915	5,280
15 to 24 years	1,604,435	394,270	57,975	3,485
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	639,660	142,645	6,320
45 years and over	694,325	106,390	15,975	935
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	7,540,830	1,877,890	327,850	20,975
Americas	1,128,750	590,445	56,285	3,095
Brazil	29,315	2,025	400	55
Colombia	70,035	2,650	1,220	65
El Salvador	48,075	2,760	470	50
Guyana	87,685	86,975	45	30
Haiti	93,480	1,565	37,265	745
Jamaica	138,345	136,065	70	75
Mexico	80,585	4,575	880	90
Peru	29,615	1,560	535	50
Trinidad and Tobago	65,035	64,390	85	60
United States^Footnote 49	253,715	219,010	10,510	1,310
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	68,865	4,805	560
Europe	2,088,405	638,180	122,880	3,720
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	1,525	145	35
Croatia	40,045	2,530	110	25
France	105,570	3,850	95,400	760
Germany	145,845	24,805	2,105	210
Greece	62,715	3,510	160	95
Hungary	36,825	2,625	130	15
Ireland^Footnote 50	28,325	27,540	65	40
Italy	236,635	15,700	1,955	490
Netherlands	88,475	13,775	280	65
Poland	146,470	8,415	435	85
Portugal	139,445	9,780	970	160
Romania	90,305	4,125	1,625	355
Russian Federation	78,685	4,965	1,125	150
Serbia^Footnote 51	33,320	1,790	110	25
Ukraine	73,030	4,015	470	165
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	499,120	484,500	880	465
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	24,755	16,915	585
Africa	637,485	139,060	118,845	7,295
Algeria	64,625	380	18,985	560
Egypt	64,620	9,590	6,535	1,380
Ethiopia	32,790	4,025	255	60
Kenya	27,150	13,080	155	55
Morocco	69,655	610	21,215	640
Nigeria	42,435	27,335	155	75
Somalia	27,235	3,350	335	85
South Africa, Republic of	44,665	33,395	210	65
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	47,295	71,000	4,375
Asia	3,629,165	474,800	29,410	6,810
Afghanistan	51,955	2,885	260	55
Bangladesh	58,735	7,350	125	130
China^Footnote 53	649,260	30,010	7,065	550
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	208,935	19,215	110	120
India	668,565	112,510	405	645
Iran^Footnote 55	154,420	8,180	640	315
Iraq	68,490	6,250	165	60
Japan	27,240	2,195	100	20
Korea, South^Footnote 56	123,305	9,225	935	90
Lebanon	88,740	7,260	9,215	1,775
Pakistan	202,260	35,505	235	200
Philippines	588,305	131,375	510	530
Sri Lanka	131,995	21,065	225	190
Syria^Footnote 57	52,960	2,575	1,340	290
Taiwan	63,770	3,700	380	40
Viet Nam	169,250	11,500	3,065	405
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	64,005	4,635	1,405
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	57,030	35,405	425	60
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	1,212,075	217,190	75,320	3,575
Americas	152,595	53,140	9,360	460
Brazil	8,500	310	90	10
Colombia	15,300	325	235	10
Cuba	5,370	155	80	10
Haiti	19,990	265	6,930	115
Jamaica	12,500	12,070	0	0
Mexico	18,665	735	95	20
United States^Footnote 60	33,060	26,340	1,130	190
Venezuela^Footnote 61	6,425	350	70	25
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	12,585	745	90
Europe	140,030	33,415	25,940	470
France	24,150	260	22,995	160
Germany	6,300	710	150	25
Ireland^Footnote 62	5,660	5,415	25	15
Moldova^Footnote 63	5,905	115	200	40
Romania	7,610	215	125	40
Russian Federation	11,570	470	145	10
Ukraine	13,430	615	110	50
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	24,445	23,230	65	60
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	2,385	2,115	80
Africa	162,795	27,270	36,825	1,815
Algeria	17,180	85	4,225	115
Cameroon	10,265	1,450	7,585	320
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	265	3,680	90
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	65	5,220	40
Egypt	16,115	2,190	705	330
Eritrea	6,050	590	0	0
Ethiopia	7,510	845	30	15
Morocco	15,100	150	3,365	120
Nigeria	17,285	11,595	55	0
Somalia	5,335	425	40	0
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	3,185	75	15
Tunisia	6,700	70	1,675	50
Other places of birth in Africa	41,850	6,360	10,175	715
Asia	748,705	96,950	3,085	830
Afghanistan	9,245	395	15	10
Bangladesh	12,900	1,505	0	20
China^Footnote 65	129,015	4,905	515	50
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	4,970	775	15	10
India	147,185	24,895	70	95
Iran^Footnote 67	42,075	1,735	125	75
Iraq	20,665	1,240	40	10
Israel	4,740	380	50	0
Japan	4,900	365	15	10
Korea, South^Footnote 68	21,715	1,275	105	10
Lebanon	9,380	900	920	250
Nepal	7,500	525	15	0
Pakistan	41,480	6,245	55	10
Philippines	188,810	39,125	140	55
Saudi Arabia	5,465	1,305	60	20
Sri Lanka	11,495	1,610	15	20
Syria^Footnote 69	29,945	905	280	90
Taiwan	4,310	240	0	0
Turkey	4,255	225	55	0
United Arab Emirates	6,130	2,550	45	25
Viet Nam	11,210	900	175	20
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	4,955	355	75
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	7,950	6,420	115	0
Australia	4,965	4,595	10	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	2,990	1,830	105	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	34,460,060	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
First generation^Footnote 73	8,219,550	2,111,465	387,990	24,225
Second generation^Footnote 74	6,100,725	4,361,050	439,065	53,185
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	20,139,785	13,389,795	6,322,320	110,890
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	5,703,610	1,132,940	261,810	17,485
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	2,994,130	611,065	161,320	10,815
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	1,220,755	213,675	78,505	3,440
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	1,773,375	397,390	82,810	7,375
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	1,782,485	419,660	66,295	3,660
Refugees^Footnote 81	858,850	89,265	30,790	2,780
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	68,145	12,950	3,410	235
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,365	188,305
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	7,674,585	2,552,045	376,715	42,450
South Asian^Footnote 85	1,924,635	640,750	9,830	6,970
Chinese	1,577,060	322,605	17,625	4,765
Black	1,198,540	704,510	222,570	12,390
Filipino	780,125	298,825	1,580	2,535
Latin American	447,325	64,045	14,610	1,440
Arab	523,235	88,165	73,580	6,415
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	313,260	77,520	17,240	2,180
West Asian^Footnote 87	264,305	32,260	2,540	970
Korean	188,710	33,455	2,005	410
Japanese	92,920	50,050	1,240	355
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	132,090	100,470	4,755	1,315
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	232,375	139,380	9,145	2,715
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	26,785,485	17,310,265	6,772,655	145,855
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	34,460,065	19,862,310	7,149,370	188,305
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,525	1,550,685	369,625	16,590
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	1,088,660	271,320	10,445
Inuit	79,130	38,075	3,715	260
Métis	600,000	482,935	105,025	6,600
Other North American origins	11,628,535	6,242,145	5,150,280	80,275
Acadian	119,675	48,900	67,350	3,265
American	377,405	334,615	31,230	3,045
Canadian	11,135,970	5,974,350	4,940,245	74,145
New Brunswicker	1,490	510	950	20
Newfoundlander	22,220	21,720	220	130
Nova Scotian	3,700	3,410	185	65
Ontarian	3,920	1,915	1,780	140
Québécois	194,555	8,505	182,025	2,870
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	1,900	1,595	140	20
European origins	19,683,320	14,493,450	2,729,095	115,585
British Isles origins	11,211,850	10,512,685	573,555	60,410
Channel Islander	3,595	2,255	1,285	50
Cornish	1,970	1,940	10	20
English	6,320,085	6,120,255	137,585	28,405
Irish	4,627,005	4,219,080	363,680	29,025
Manx	6,130	6,005	75	20
Scottish	4,799,010	4,621,760	136,570	21,210
Welsh	474,805	467,845	2,960	1,595
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	644,695	623,645	11,385	3,840
French origins	4,680,820	2,321,030	2,236,305	72,010
Alsatian	2,795	1,675	980	45
Breton	11,845	315	11,350	125
Corsican	1,750	340	1,290	60
French	4,670,595	2,319,245	2,228,105	71,910
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	3,904,235	192,465	18,855
Austrian	207,050	172,605	5,290	1,110
Bavarian	940	700	15	0
Belgian	186,665	120,955	56,830	2,080
Dutch	1,111,655	966,920	14,560	3,465
Flemish	11,685	9,035	1,460	85
Frisian	4,590	3,270	0	0
German	3,322,405	2,874,740	101,090	12,470
Luxembourger	3,915	2,575	975	20
Swiss	155,120	106,725	22,680	1,335
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	3,365	3,000	100	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	1,135,175	14,130	3,755
Danish	207,470	190,130	2,350	725
Finnish	143,645	124,480	1,580	610
Icelandic	101,795	99,365	585	250
Norwegian	463,275	450,475	4,755	1,200
Swedish	349,640	334,500	3,185	950
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	52,785	48,975	2,070	245
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	2,570,980	71,545	14,695
Bulgarian	34,560	10,080	1,800	185
Byelorussian	20,710	7,000	325	55
Czech	104,580	75,445	2,265	475
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	40,715	36,415	870	155
Estonian	24,530	17,560	230	140
Hungarian	348,090	258,215	7,910	1,685
Latvian	30,720	21,850	355	150
Lithuanian	59,285	46,155	1,975	405
Moldovan	14,915	1,800	715	110
Polish	1,106,585	842,530	28,520	5,055
Romanian	238,050	126,375	8,425	1,585
Russian	622,445	423,885	10,055	2,475
Slovak	72,290	50,060	1,510	415
Ukrainian	1,359,655	1,164,270	14,110	4,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	20,415	16,885	270	215
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,669,605	225,740	21,850
Albanian	36,180	8,605	690	175
Bosnian	26,735	5,960	640	85
Catalan	1,275	215	445	0
Croatian	133,965	73,265	2,030	555
Cypriot	5,655	3,145	105	35
Greek	271,410	137,040	13,015	2,665
Italian	1,587,970	999,210	147,480	13,220
Kosovar	2,865	565	130	0
Macedonian	43,105	23,775	245	70
Maltese	41,915	34,795	915	135
Montenegrin	4,160	935	70	35
Portuguese	482,610	245,715	26,755	2,495
Serbian	96,530	31,460	1,225	310
Sicilian	6,945	4,640	890	90
Slovenian	40,475	27,155	795	195
Spanish	396,460	163,575	41,445	3,390
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	38,480	27,525	1,415	185
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	2,170	1,130	155	30
Other European origins	226,695	147,680	17,170	1,765
Basque	6,970	2,125	3,115	95
Jewish	143,665	87,730	6,465	1,095
Roma (Gypsy)	4,635	2,575	250	35
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	4,870	2,685	70	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	67,890	53,395	7,330	560
Caribbean origins	749,160	541,665	114,220	6,945
Antiguan	4,505	4,400	30	55
Bahamian	3,675	3,415	150	75
Barbadian	37,780	36,525	680	385
Bermudan	3,075	3,010	40	15
Carib	3,035	2,880	45	65
Cuban	29,065	9,740	3,100	315
Dominican	23,125	7,300	4,800	310
Grenadian	17,915	17,625	140	85
Guadeloupean	1,125	55	990	30
Haitian	165,095	9,515	99,300	3,085
Jamaican	309,490	301,690	2,555	1,735
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,920	2,850	20	10
Martinican	2,005	175	1,770	20
Montserratan	930	910	0	20
Puerto Rican	3,405	2,505	175	80
St. Lucian	8,990	8,150	320	140
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	76,615	1,090	665
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	17,075	125	180
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	70,275	66,825	1,365	355
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	26,830	23,235	2,185	250
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	246,965	37,565	4,105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	8,005	1,485	220
Arawak	1,440	1,225	95	35
Argentinian	20,675	7,765	1,715	165
Belizean	1,760	1,435	20	0
Bolivian	5,055	1,355	735	80
Brazilian	36,825	10,690	1,975	290
Chilean	45,190	15,235	4,595	285
Colombian	96,325	13,625	4,545	345
Costa Rican	5,535	1,885	245	35
Ecuadorian	25,405	9,050	840	150
Guatemalan	26,275	6,490	2,380	190
Guyanese	84,280	82,785	530	390
Hispanic	11,050	4,145	315	65
Honduran	10,650	2,245	925	85
Maya	6,285	1,610	420	30
Mexican	128,485	40,860	6,680	730
Nicaraguan	13,705	4,385	705	95
Panamanian	4,700	2,295	355	55
Paraguayan	4,325	2,325	85	15
Peruvian	42,145	8,430	4,645	330
Salvadorean	66,220	16,305	4,210	435
Uruguayan	6,795	2,435	560	20
Venezuelan	26,345	6,945	1,155	260
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	28,455	11,210	1,320	195
African origins	1,067,925	414,930	235,270	15,445
Central and West African origins	230,110	85,445	79,135	3,605
Akan	1,960	560	535	15
Angolan	2,955	715	680	80
Ashanti	1,585	810	15	20
Beninese	4,995	350	3,715	40
Burkinabe	3,150	130	2,195	0
Cameroonian	24,615	3,640	18,185	825
Chadian	1,840	345	695	10
Congolese	38,370	3,350	23,875	1,270
Edo	1,945	1,480	10	10
Ewe	845	220	255	30
Gabonese	1,405	30	1,305	30
Gambian	970	375	65	15
Ghanaian	35,495	20,995	765	290
Guinean	7,245	480	4,130	215
Ibo	5,320	3,810	30	30
Ivorian	10,935	405	9,215	125
Liberian	2,485	1,990	105	25
Malian	4,490	195	2,840	20
Malinké	1,125	190	510	0
Nigerian	51,835	38,715	1,150	290
Peulh	2,440	25	1,365	20
Senegalese	10,175	435	5,985	165
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,570	75	45
Togolese	5,300	420	3,155	85
Wolof	835	10	405	0
Yoruba	9,585	6,530	280	55
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	15,385	4,255	5,730	300
North African origins	355,045	58,130	107,670	6,645
Algerian	67,330	2,425	31,380	965
Berber	37,060	725	13,730	415
Coptic	3,535	1,060	210	95
Dinka	905	335	15	0
Egyptian	99,135	31,315	13,050	2,630
Libyan	7,740	2,560	95	40
Maure	1,190	310	360	0
Moroccan	103,945	11,215	42,520	2,140
Sudanese	19,960	7,995	130	75
Tunisian	25,650	1,615	10,365	485
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	6,115	855	1,740	130
Southern and East African origins	260,140	113,745	20,455	3,120
Afrikaner	1,870	1,220	20	10
Amhara	1,530	405	10	15
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	3,965	700	1,715	90
Burundian	10,990	830	4,290	210
Djiboutian	1,710	280	610	25
Eritrean	25,260	7,575	125	155
Ethiopian	44,060	15,935	590	300
Harari	665	250	0	0
Kenyan	10,915	6,785	90	60
Malagasy	4,500	275	2,520	105
Mauritian	9,330	2,615	3,560	1,060
Oromo	3,350	1,040	25	15
Rwandan	10,770	1,810	3,840	275
Seychellois	1,285	630	225	65
Somali	62,545	23,465	1,845	400
South African	41,375	35,065	320	200
Tanzanian	4,710	2,500	110	50
Tigrian	2,155	475	0	40
Ugandan	5,710	3,530	120	35
Zambian	1,865	1,345	30	25
Zimbabwean	8,090	5,035	80	15
Zulu	950	580	15	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	17,305	8,330	1,310	165
Other African origins	239,560	164,400	32,475	2,580
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	30,385	25,465	2,175	330
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	212,000	140,280	31,015	2,310
Asian origins	6,095,235	1,844,340	133,010	30,665
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	264,490	72,360	11,525
Afghan	83,995	14,440	1,055	330
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	111,405	21,330	16,645	1,265
Armenian	63,810	16,390	5,775	1,000
Assyrian	13,830	3,155	70	40
Azerbaijani	6,430	1,060	70	15
Georgian	4,775	1,360	120	35
Hazara	1,515	205	65	10
Iranian	210,405	37,830	2,760	1,140
Iraqi	70,920	15,590	775	275
Israeli	28,735	14,720	1,495	400
Jordanian	14,255	4,635	165	155
Kazakh	3,325	490	70	15
Kurd	16,315	3,320	320	95
Kuwaiti	2,240	640	10	20
Kyrgyz	1,055	165	25	15
Lebanese	219,555	87,670	33,785	5,370
Palestinian	44,820	14,390	1,395	430
Pashtun	4,810	700	45	15
Saudi Arabian	6,810	1,670	70	35
Syrian	77,045	18,330	8,820	1,125
Tajik	2,905	355	20	10
Tatar	4,825	580	60	15
Turk	63,950	17,130	4,225	575
Turkmen	1,040	200	0	10
Uighur	1,555	135	75	10
Uzbek	3,920	625	55	25
Yemeni	6,645	2,295	220	90
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	25,280	7,795	590	360
South Asian origins	1,963,330	696,645	13,010	7,800
Bangladeshi	45,940	9,475	395	315
Bengali	22,905	5,550	135	155
Bhutanese	3,600	190	15	0
East Indian	1,374,710	535,935	10,045	5,265
Goan	6,070	5,810	20	30
Gujarati	8,350	1,995	35	40
Kashmiri	3,110	885	30	10
Nepali	17,140	2,500	150	25
Pakistani	215,560	64,695	895	800
Punjabi	118,400	23,255	105	240
Sinhalese	7,280	2,820	15	80
Sri Lankan	152,590	46,860	1,060	860
Tamil	48,670	13,440	285	265
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	76,400	22,275	200	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	917,290	48,790	11,835
Burmese	9,335	3,795	50	40
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	10,140	5,075	510
Chinese	1,769,195	431,655	24,745	6,105
Filipino	837,130	338,750	2,015	2,925
Hmong	805	385	20	0
Indonesian	21,395	11,025	410	125
Japanese	121,485	69,325	1,930	565
Karen	4,510	755	0	15
Korean	198,210	38,865	2,120	445
Laotian	24,575	8,195	2,765	345
Malaysian	16,925	10,240	155	105
Mongolian	7,475	2,500	395	55
Singaporean	2,845	2,315	20	15
Taiwanese	36,515	6,565	455	120
Thai	19,010	6,760	1,085	155
Tibetan	8,040	1,465	30	20
Vietnamese	240,615	60,020	12,860	1,515
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	6,505	2,370	135	20
Other Asian origins	22,740	8,230	405	180
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	22,740	8,230	410	180
Oceania origins	85,470	73,225	1,415	485
Australian	42,315	40,880	665	265
New Zealander	15,395	14,980	160	100
Pacific Islands origins	29,480	19,035	615	120
Fijian	19,370	10,470	40	35
Hawaiian	3,295	3,150	15	15
Maori	2,500	2,390	25	10
Samoan	1,105	950	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	1,530	1,050	230	35
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	2,335	1,540	310	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	28,643,020	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,580	2,717,500	1,210,780	22,690
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	7,576,400	4,742,175	1,303,935	34,835
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	8,618,885	3,480,730	74,560
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,265	1,334,325	1,047,885	13,320
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	1,549,880	571,690	739,590	8,245
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	1,250,385	762,630	308,290	5,070
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,830	3,462,620	1,111,720	27,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	377,350	207,935	3,890
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,444,595	1,113,195	30,110
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	2,400,040	727,970	20,150
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	220,315	92,690	2,520
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	85,300	30,385	670
Master's degree	1,331,045	633,955	226,360	5,945
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	231,510	104,990	35,790	825
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	28,643,020	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	12,815,975	7,459,680	2,514,715	57,525
Education	1,060,090	606,930	271,095	4,255
13. Education	1,060,095	606,930	271,095	4,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	347,710	130,405	3,965
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	62,180	22,945	615
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	285,530	107,465	3,350
Humanities	850,840	445,610	181,225	4,980
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	27,170	24,400	955
23. English language and literature/letters	178,595	126,650	5,335	690
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	108,700	90,875	1,630
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	4,160	2,900	710	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	32,865	8,490	280
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,485	53,975	9,055	225
54. History	111,465	77,980	14,640	565
55. French language and literature/letters	53,685	15,375	27,725	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	1,046,505	312,385	10,180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,680	15,020	3,620	190
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	106,465	43,060	1,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	186,075	66,965	1,380
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	170,560	58,700	1,545
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	35,445	20,565	9,250	245
42. Psychology	281,470	182,070	50,310	1,645
45. Social sciences	623,775	365,745	80,470	3,970
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,736,420	779,475	15,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,185	3,780	785	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	154,625	48,755	1,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,578,025	729,935	14,940
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,285	304,150	107,780	3,005
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,960	134,515	37,840	1,140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,595	66,665	16,865	825
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	28,155	4,155	19,335	215
40. Physical sciences	179,300	81,510	27,095	730
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	17,305	6,635	95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	293,865	119,940	3,340
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	227,910	98,590	2,825
25. Library science	40,820	23,640	10,415	210
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	38,050	9,185	255
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	9,325	4,265	1,745	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	1,749,485	765,720	12,915
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	53,550	23,405	515
14. Engineering	752,465	257,655	97,020	2,700
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	352,430	144,590	2,670
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	415	275	55	10
46. Construction trades	702,155	423,535	186,595	2,770
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	443,255	184,940	2,730
48. Precision production	406,855	218,790	129,110	1,530
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	195,560	82,780	1,120
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	112,300	48,715	630
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,125	83,260	34,060	490
Health and related fields	2,266,725	1,334,545	448,240	9,325
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	117,725	27,365	695
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,685	1,191,700	412,330	8,385
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	25,120	8,545	240
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	556,350	280,680	5,485
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	302,315	156,520	3,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	2,380	490	55
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	5,025	1,725	80
43. Security and protective services	206,750	131,250	55,130	1,270
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	115,375	66,820	1,060
Other	3,170	1,750	1,015	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,165	1,745	1,015	15
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	28,643,020	16,078,570	5,995,440	132,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	7,459,680	2,514,715	57,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	15,827,040	8,618,885	3,480,730	74,560
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	7,890,060	3,341,855	67,640
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,220	6,685,015	3,154,065	56,725
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	1,205,050	187,790	10,915
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	2,709,850	728,825	138,870	6,925
United States^Footnote 132	349,545	251,680	15,445	1,410
Philippines	298,830	56,915	105	75
India	281,415	52,480	190	155
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	232,035	187,675	4,195	655
China^Footnote 134	205,380	3,930	315	50
France	88,860	2,750	70,000	570
Other	1,253,795	173,405	48,620	4,010
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	28,643,015	16,078,565	5,995,440	132,090
In the labour force	18,672,470	10,763,495	3,826,505	88,575
Employed	17,230,035	9,911,940	3,569,210	80,570
Unemployed	1,442,435	851,555	257,295	8,010
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	5,315,070	2,168,935	43,510
Participation rate	65.2	66.9	63.8	67.1
Employment rate	60.2	61.6	59.5	61.0
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.9	6.7	9.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	28,643,015	16,078,565	5,995,445	132,090
Did not work^Footnote 137	9,282,005	4,845,040	2,003,170	40,845
Worked	19,361,010	11,233,525	3,992,270	91,240
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	9,626,010	5,753,910	1,919,420	41,340
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	9,735,005	5,479,615	2,072,845	49,905
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.5	42.7	40.9
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	19,956,255	11,560,820	4,092,935	95,015
a.Management	2,122,255	1,300,220	394,395	9,190
00 Senior management occupations	237,880	134,930	63,260	955
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	682,140	419,430	126,625	3,520
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	684,965	404,710	118,575	3,120
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	517,270	341,145	85,930	1,600
b.Professional	3,569,915	2,001,090	726,775	17,960
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	675,395	369,350	136,165	3,410
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	762,865	358,420	131,720	3,885
30 Professional occupations in nursing	327,780	200,385	69,020	1,265
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	283,660	152,615	58,990	1,310
40 Professional occupations in education services	772,285	456,710	176,195	4,085
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	524,175	326,490	106,340	2,655
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	223,760	137,120	48,340	1,360
c.Technical and paraprofessional	2,019,355	1,165,530	472,380	10,365
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	585,420	334,365	123,710	2,805
32 Technical occupations in health	364,415	203,415	86,195	1,510
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	470,650	241,775	128,680	2,055
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	163,610	112,355	40,360	985
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	435,265	273,615	93,430	3,005
d.Administration and administrative support	2,458,480	1,463,150	524,135	12,610
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,047,775	602,465	261,120	5,225
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	213,700	130,755	39,595	905
14 Office support occupations	826,880	511,380	141,700	4,640
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	370,130	218,545	81,715	1,845
e.Sales	1,996,185	1,181,545	398,345	11,575
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	427,895	261,995	64,290	2,070
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	883,635	541,715	167,840	5,310
66 Sales support occupations	684,655	377,830	166,210	4,195
f.Personal and customer information services	3,544,055	1,949,745	685,785	18,520
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	346,880	182,655	73,805	1,375
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	397,835	241,220	55,340	1,500
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	632,055	316,345	128,915	2,855
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,000,445	573,835	201,900	7,305
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	1,166,835	635,690	225,830	5,490
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	1,532,340	937,085	342,285	5,505
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	989,975	604,465	210,430	3,615
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	542,360	332,620	131,855	1,900
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	1,345,345	795,470	266,905	4,890
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	292,530	182,065	49,520	1,205
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	775,060	437,700	164,585	2,620
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	277,765	175,710	52,795	1,060
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	483,565	335,225	86,015	1,680
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	128,945	95,505	22,320	515
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	179,440	111,900	37,555	415
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	175,180	127,820	26,135	750
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	884,755	431,770	195,935	2,710
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	144,290	92,845	28,270	395
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	256,770	109,565	67,035	830
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	208,185	104,705	36,470	705
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	275,510	124,650	64,165	770
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	19,956,255	11,560,820	4,092,940	95,020
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	502,555	325,875	102,945	1,200
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	386,415	249,100	73,835	785
113 Forestry and logging	46,390	27,725	15,535	185
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	37,970	28,050	6,570	125
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	31,775	21,005	7,005	105
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	292,615	227,645	31,865	930
211 Oil and gas extraction	95,190	78,285	2,520	175
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	78,785	52,260	20,415	375
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	118,645	97,095	8,935	375
22 Utilities	144,940	93,315	30,805	485
221 Utilities	144,940	93,310	30,805	485
23 Construction	1,478,495	931,820	283,030	5,215
236 Construction of buildings	438,620	262,530	90,320	1,640
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	187,150	129,990	32,295	510
238 Specialty trade contractors	852,725	539,295	160,420	3,055
31-33 Manufacturing	1,702,230	836,085	426,620	6,215
311 Food manufacturing	261,650	114,570	65,705	895
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	34,155	21,510	7,800	135
313 Textile mills	8,470	3,600	2,455	30
314 Textile product mills	11,055	4,525	2,735	40
315 Clothing manufacturing	32,200	7,445	7,685	125
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	4,815	1,995	1,325	15
321 Wood product manufacturing	101,270	51,230	37,110	330
322 Paper manufacturing	58,640	30,775	19,880	240
323 Printing and related support activities	66,495	33,750	17,280	200
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	22,100	15,560	3,430	45
325 Chemical manufacturing	92,705	45,755	20,865	375
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	96,320	44,655	23,600	350
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	55,920	30,480	15,080	235
331 Primary metal manufacturing	70,055	37,110	22,815	270
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	161,625	82,495	40,690	505
333 Machinery manufacturing	122,250	64,895	26,715	410
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	64,225	27,320	13,085	265
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	36,650	16,070	9,150	175
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	236,285	132,620	42,880	900
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	83,255	30,660	26,070	340
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	82,085	39,065	20,270	340
41 Wholesale trade	706,365	410,130	135,715	3,310
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	12,625	8,160	1,545	25
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	16,745	11,925	3,025	20
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	116,190	57,320	25,390	490
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	98,155	48,600	19,560	760
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	47,905	28,850	11,505	250
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	112,120	69,855	23,075	495
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	191,005	121,215	30,655	830
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	84,985	50,140	16,625	310
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	26,640	14,060	4,325	130
44-45 Retail trade	2,331,435	1,363,500	497,345	12,770
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	260,250	164,940	56,945	1,220
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	85,315	48,765	17,855	460
443 Electronics and appliance stores	77,360	45,810	11,790	540
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	168,060	107,430	40,515	755
445 Food and beverage stores	578,680	317,200	139,225	3,015
446 Health and personal care stores	232,275	118,600	59,075	1,375
447 Gasoline stations	72,335	42,445	13,345	340
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	270,710	149,370	51,690	1,780
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	104,370	69,455	21,750	665
452 General merchandise stores	276,870	167,455	50,895	1,500
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	137,925	88,350	25,830	750
454 Non-store retailers	67,285	43,680	8,430	375
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	941,110	527,370	172,680	4,285
481 Air transportation	71,675	44,310	10,945	675
482 Rail transportation	34,275	23,510	6,575	285
483 Water transportation	16,235	11,930	2,240	55
484 Truck transportation	290,820	155,245	58,880	985
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	174,135	77,870	38,100	610
486 Pipeline transportation	8,855	7,240	190	25
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	3,850	2,580	850	20
488 Support activities for transportation	132,320	78,765	22,485	705
491 Postal service	75,290	44,790	16,445	330
492 Couriers and messengers	71,155	42,580	10,330	360
493 Warehousing and storage	62,500	38,545	5,645	235
51 Information and cultural industries	452,550	268,335	91,150	2,900
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	91,025	52,350	18,815	525
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	93,740	61,560	17,375	635
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	44,035	25,075	12,765	240
517 Telecommunications	153,610	84,955	30,830	1,135
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	14,845	8,730	1,210	95
519 Other information services	55,285	35,665	10,160	270
52 Finance and insurance	835,655	463,295	152,130	4,930
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	1,735	745	500	35
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	409,265	210,995	73,565	2,610
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	130,635	79,460	16,250	610
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	288,400	169,070	60,810	1,645
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	5,615	3,030	1,010	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	364,435	212,925	55,240	1,560
531 Real estate	306,610	176,580	43,220	1,225
532 Rental and leasing services	56,030	35,200	11,785	325
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	1,795	1,140	230	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,445,505	818,955	255,675	7,400
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,445,505	818,955	255,675	7,400
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30,960	21,275	2,675	120
551 Management of companies and enterprises	30,960	21,280	2,675	120
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	902,055	514,745	162,470	4,780
561 Administrative and support services	849,035	481,360	149,015	4,580
562 Waste management and remediation services	53,020	33,385	13,455	200
61 Educational services	1,482,650	887,900	314,245	7,665
611 Educational services	1,482,650	887,900	314,245	7,665
62 Health care and social assistance	2,293,065	1,293,205	520,825	9,135
621 Ambulatory health care services	688,920	414,100	122,005	2,700
622 Hospitals	715,905	388,445	197,005	2,980
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	403,490	226,360	88,785	1,345
624 Social assistance	484,750	264,310	113,030	2,120
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	455,075	301,640	94,275	3,015
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	141,155	92,330	30,145	1,050
712 Heritage institutions	37,835	24,295	10,240	300
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	276,080	185,020	53,895	1,665
72 Accommodation and food services	1,459,295	806,030	257,920	8,030
721 Accommodation services	212,525	123,385	35,885	915
722 Food services and drinking places	1,246,765	682,645	222,030	7,115
81 Other services (except public administration)	898,175	500,510	191,960	3,680
811 Repair and maintenance	284,630	164,035	67,400	990
812 Personal and laundry services	283,550	153,310	57,170	1,250
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	250,755	148,775	59,850	1,140
814 Private households	79,240	34,395	7,550	300
91 Public administration	1,237,100	756,260	313,350	7,390
911 Federal government public administration	484,065	287,855	129,235	4,265
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	303,740	176,640	87,695	1,250
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	420,170	274,710	94,915	1,810
914 Aboriginal public administration	25,015	15,795	945	55
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	4,105	1,260	560	20
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	17,230,040	9,911,935	3,569,215	80,570
Worked at home	1,272,280	770,515	237,585	5,245
Worked outside Canada	78,810	36,835	7,355	385
No fixed workplace address	1,987,265	1,207,585	330,035	8,800
Worked at usual place	13,891,680	7,896,995	2,994,240	66,140
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	19,956,255	11,560,825	4,092,940	95,020
English	15,265,335	11,343,865	496,255	48,085
French	3,825,210	114,105	3,386,215	20,665
Non-official language	275,435	9,200	1,345	85
Aboriginal	24,950	1,050	170	10
Non-Aboriginal	250,485	8,145	1,175	85
English and French	412,680	69,430	203,855	25,100
English and non-official language	154,290	22,715	570	280
French and non-official language	7,825	120	1,825	50
English, French and non-official language	15,475	1,390	2,875	750
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	19,956,255	11,560,820	4,092,935	95,020
None	17,456,720	11,101,130	2,865,135	68,020
English	1,259,230	86,225	928,195	11,410
French	705,785	297,935	281,880	14,025
Non-official language	496,565	69,440	9,445	1,010
Aboriginal	37,620	10,445	560	60
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	58,995	8,885	955
English and French	2,535	105	145	10
English and non-official language	18,045	705	5,970	195
French and non-official language	17,265	5,260	2,150	350
English, French and non-official language	115	10	20	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	7,896,990	2,994,235	66,140
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,120	4,673,045	1,590,190	38,965
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,916,680	451,600	11,470
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,224,970	901,140	13,960
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	82,305	51,310	1,740
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	15,878,940	9,104,580	3,324,275	74,940
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,879,675	2,598,250	49,275
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	527,890	121,430	4,005
Public transit	1,968,220	921,040	339,525	13,630
Walked	877,985	516,385	180,660	5,150
Bicycle	222,130	140,130	49,825	1,690
Other method	193,590	119,470	34,585	1,185
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	15,878,945	9,104,580	3,324,275	74,945
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,915	2,737,955	1,038,980	18,610
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	3,096,915	1,103,700	25,040
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,840	1,722,225	654,910	16,075
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,055	738,155	277,530	7,300
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	809,330	249,155	7,920
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	15,878,940	9,104,585	3,324,275	74,940
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	622,860	241,530	4,560
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,625,910	633,760	12,010
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,563,670	1,063,375	20,875
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,970	1,951,405	636,165	16,050
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,260	949,455	274,030	8,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,391,280	475,405	12,730
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	34,091,785	19,624,795	7,077,455	183,485
Non-movers	29,644,795	17,120,945	6,291,145	156,930
Movers	4,446,990	2,503,855	786,305	26,560
Non-migrants	2,623,510	1,512,195	467,840	16,420
Migrants	1,823,475	991,660	318,465	10,135
Internal migrants	1,451,000	899,830	292,525	8,865
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,530	717,845	269,000	6,705
Interprovincial migrants	261,480	181,985	23,525	2,165
External migrants	372,475	91,830	25,945	1,270
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	32,568,565	18,644,445	6,766,825	168,130
Non-movers	20,134,755	11,751,580	4,444,635	97,150
Movers	12,433,805	6,892,865	2,322,185	70,975
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,917,460	1,308,715	40,955
Migrants	5,678,180	2,975,410	1,013,470	30,020
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,663,740	917,460	25,365
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,675	2,066,895	844,165	18,635
Interprovincial migrants	829,050	596,840	73,295	6,730
External migrants	1,381,460	311,670	96,015	4,650

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Canada

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.