Data tables, 2016 Census
Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
Data table
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (900) | Sex (3) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Total - Sex | Male | Female | |
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,810 |
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons | 2,702,115 | 1,244,635 | 1,457,480 |
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household) | 487,880 | 220,400 | 267,480 |
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household) | 1,889,710 | 936,640 | 953,075 |
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household) | 324,520 | 87,590 | 236,930 |
Persons in multigenerational householdsFootnote 2 | 517,665 | 232,800 | 284,865 |
Persons in other census family householdsFootnote 3 | 476,945 | 219,470 | 257,470 |
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households | 202,810 | 117,310 | 85,505 |
Persons living alone (one-person households) | 329,215 | 178,720 | 150,495 |
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 4 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,815 |
Married or living common law | 2,958,310 | 1,413,925 | 1,544,380 |
Married | 2,711,965 | 1,293,275 | 1,418,690 |
Living common law | 246,345 | 120,645 | 125,695 |
Not married and not living common law | 1,270,445 | 579,010 | 691,430 |
Never married | 867,820 | 450,290 | 417,530 |
Separated | 124,180 | 43,850 | 80,330 |
Divorced | 224,795 | 76,790 | 148,010 |
Widowed | 53,645 | 8,085 | 45,560 |
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 5 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
Non-movers | 3,478,190 | 1,625,865 | 1,852,330 |
Movers | 750,560 | 367,075 | 383,480 |
Non-migrants | 444,620 | 217,360 | 227,260 |
Migrants | 305,940 | 149,715 | 156,225 |
Internal migrants | 168,390 | 82,770 | 85,620 |
Intraprovincial migrants | 130,935 | 63,455 | 67,475 |
Interprovincial migrants | 37,460 | 19,315 | 18,145 |
External migrants | 137,545 | 66,945 | 70,605 |
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 6 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,815 |
Non-movers | 2,024,180 | 940,370 | 1,083,810 |
Movers | 2,204,570 | 1,052,565 | 1,152,005 |
Non-migrants | 1,107,405 | 527,470 | 579,940 |
Migrants | 1,097,160 | 525,095 | 572,065 |
Internal migrants | 494,645 | 240,560 | 254,085 |
Intraprovincial migrants | 376,325 | 180,875 | 195,445 |
Interprovincial migrants | 118,320 | 59,685 | 58,635 |
External migrants | 602,520 | 284,535 | 317,980 |
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 7 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
English | 3,534,925 | 1,676,500 | 1,858,420 |
French | 348,320 | 165,150 | 183,165 |
English and French | 119,925 | 61,575 | 58,345 |
Neither English nor French | 225,590 | 89,710 | 135,875 |
Official language minority (number)Footnote 8 | 408,275 | 195,940 | 212,335 |
Official language minority (percentage)Footnote 9 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.5 |
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 10 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
English | 879,770 | 431,520 | 448,255 |
French | 121,590 | 60,340 | 61,250 |
Non-official language | 2,998,970 | 1,393,280 | 1,605,685 |
English and French | 7,045 | 3,575 | 3,465 |
English and non-official language | 184,960 | 86,630 | 98,330 |
French and non-official language | 30,440 | 14,650 | 15,785 |
English, French and non-official language | 5,980 | 2,935 | 3,045 |
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 11 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
English | 1,591,475 | 752,065 | 839,410 |
French | 205,775 | 101,980 | 103,795 |
Non-official language | 1,788,070 | 835,955 | 952,110 |
English and French | 13,430 | 6,910 | 6,515 |
English and non-official language | 554,770 | 260,775 | 293,995 |
French and non-official language | 58,295 | 26,705 | 31,595 |
English, French and non-official language | 16,930 | 8,540 | 8,390 |
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 12 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,810 |
Knowledge of one language | 819,800 | 387,190 | 432,615 |
English only | 616,670 | 305,280 | 311,390 |
French only | 15,220 | 6,805 | 8,420 |
Non-official language only | 187,905 | 75,100 | 112,800 |
Knowledge of more than one language | 3,408,950 | 1,605,750 | 1,803,205 |
English and French only | 90,265 | 43,840 | 46,430 |
English, French and one or more non-official languages | 367,065 | 185,295 | 181,765 |
English and one or more non official languages | 2,764,230 | 1,301,175 | 1,463,055 |
French and one or more non official languages | 147,595 | 59,870 | 87,725 |
Multiple non-official languages only | 39,805 | 15,570 | 24,230 |
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 13 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,810 |
Canadian citizensFootnote 14 | 3,074,875 | 1,456,150 | 1,618,720 |
Canadian citizens only | 2,693,020 | 1,271,185 | 1,421,840 |
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country | 381,850 | 184,965 | 196,880 |
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 | 1,153,880 | 536,785 | 617,090 |
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 16 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,815 |
Non-immigrantsFootnote 17 | 582,580 | 294,795 | 287,785 |
ImmigrantsFootnote 18 | 3,436,020 | 1,594,635 | 1,841,390 |
Before 1981 | 310,015 | 147,405 | 162,610 |
1981 to 1990 | 502,435 | 243,035 | 259,395 |
1991 to 2000 | 888,335 | 412,325 | 476,010 |
2001 to 2010 | 1,100,530 | 501,355 | 599,175 |
2001 to 2005 | 526,515 | 242,635 | 283,880 |
2006 to 2010 | 574,020 | 258,720 | 315,295 |
2011 to 2016Footnote 19 | 634,705 | 290,510 | 344,200 |
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 20 | 210,145 | 103,500 | 106,640 |
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 21 | 3,436,025 | 1,594,635 | 1,841,385 |
Under 5 years | 125,225 | 62,525 | 62,700 |
5 to 14 years | 399,075 | 200,640 | 198,440 |
15 to 24 years | 777,315 | 341,245 | 436,075 |
25 to 44 years | 1,904,235 | 877,620 | 1,026,615 |
45 years and over | 230,165 | 112,615 | 117,550 |
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataFootnote 22 | 3,178,875 | 1,473,690 | 1,705,185 |
Economic immigrantsFootnote 23 | 1,623,140 | 781,240 | 841,900 |
Principal applicantsFootnote 24 | 824,355 | 484,040 | 340,310 |
Secondary applicantsFootnote 25 | 798,785 | 297,195 | 501,590 |
Immigrants sponsored by familyFootnote 26 | 1,029,770 | 413,995 | 615,775 |
RefugeesFootnote 27 | 489,370 | 260,850 | 228,515 |
Other immigrantsFootnote 28 | 36,590 | 17,610 | 18,985 |
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 29 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
Born in Canada | 573,180 | 290,030 | 283,150 |
Born outside Canada | 3,655,570 | 1,702,905 | 1,952,670 |
Americas | 583,490 | 266,940 | 316,545 |
North America | 17,340 | 8,665 | 8,675 |
Greenland | 10 | 10 | 0 |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0 | 0 | 0 |
United StatesFootnote 30 | 17,330 | 8,660 | 8,675 |
Central America | 112,685 | 55,050 | 57,630 |
Belize | 485 | 215 | 275 |
Costa Rica | 3,075 | 1,405 | 1,670 |
El Salvador | 38,325 | 19,275 | 19,055 |
Guatemala | 13,795 | 7,320 | 6,475 |
Honduras | 5,815 | 2,800 | 3,015 |
Mexico | 41,175 | 19,190 | 21,980 |
Nicaragua | 8,095 | 3,910 | 4,190 |
Panama | 1,910 | 925 | 980 |
Caribbean and Bermuda | 258,960 | 115,330 | 143,625 |
Anguilla | 30 | 20 | 10 |
Antigua and Barbuda | 1,205 | 590 | 620 |
Aruba | 185 | 100 | 90 |
Bahamas | 1,140 | 590 | 550 |
Barbados | 6,780 | 3,190 | 3,595 |
Bermuda | 330 | 200 | 130 |
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | 10 | 0 | 10 |
Cayman Islands | 85 | 50 | 35 |
Cuba | 9,820 | 4,805 | 5,015 |
Curaçao | 160 | 55 | 105 |
Dominica | 1,830 | 755 | 1,070 |
Dominican Republic | 8,365 | 4,045 | 4,320 |
Grenada | 7,660 | 2,940 | 4,725 |
Guadeloupe | 390 | 190 | 195 |
Haiti | 65,725 | 29,060 | 36,665 |
Jamaica | 95,525 | 42,870 | 52,655 |
Martinique | 520 | 265 | 255 |
Montserrat | 265 | 115 | 150 |
Puerto Rico | 285 | 135 | 150 |
Saint Barthélemy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1,105 | 515 | 590 |
Saint Lucia | 4,840 | 1,870 | 2,980 |
Saint Martin (French part) | 70 | 40 | 25 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 9,405 | 3,325 | 6,080 |
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 45 | 25 | 15 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 43,065 | 19,530 | 23,530 |
Turks and Caicos Islands | 15 | 15 | 0 |
Virgin Islands, British | 60 | 20 | 35 |
Virgin Islands, United States | 55 | 25 | 25 |
South America | 194,515 | 87,895 | 106,615 |
Argentina | 6,430 | 3,025 | 3,400 |
BoliviaFootnote 31 | 1,925 | 880 | 1,045 |
Brazil | 15,250 | 6,840 | 8,400 |
Chile | 16,310 | 8,140 | 8,175 |
Colombia | 46,590 | 20,950 | 25,640 |
Ecuador | 10,290 | 4,560 | 5,730 |
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
French Guiana | 230 | 105 | 125 |
Guyana | 60,765 | 27,105 | 33,660 |
Paraguay | 435 | 165 | 270 |
Peru | 20,340 | 8,755 | 11,585 |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Suriname | 725 | 410 | 315 |
Uruguay | 2,335 | 1,180 | 1,155 |
VenezuelaFootnote 32 | 12,885 | 5,780 | 7,105 |
Europe | 43,940 | 21,055 | 22,880 |
Western Europe | 12,025 | 5,985 | 6,035 |
Austria | 185 | 100 | 85 |
Belgium | 720 | 380 | 340 |
France | 7,475 | 3,730 | 3,745 |
Germany | 2,375 | 1,165 | 1,215 |
Liechtenstein | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Luxembourg | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Monaco | 15 | 10 | 10 |
Netherlands | 780 | 375 | 405 |
Switzerland | 455 | 220 | 235 |
Eastern Europe | 1,970 | 890 | 1,075 |
Belarus | 25 | 10 | 15 |
Bulgaria | 75 | 60 | 15 |
Czech Republic | 105 | 50 | 60 |
Estonia | 10 | 10 | 0 |
Hungary | 80 | 30 | 50 |
Latvia | 10 | 10 | 0 |
Lithuania | 10 | 10 | 10 |
MoldovaFootnote 33 | 50 | 15 | 30 |
Poland | 185 | 60 | 120 |
Romania | 200 | 105 | 100 |
Russian Federation | 985 | 460 | 525 |
Slovakia | 45 | 25 | 20 |
Ukraine | 195 | 65 | 130 |
Northern Europe | 27,215 | 12,765 | 14,450 |
Åland Islands | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Denmark | 140 | 60 | 80 |
Faroe Islands | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Finland | 30 | 15 | 15 |
Guernsey | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Iceland | 0 | 0 | 0 |
IrelandFootnote 34 | 230 | 110 | 125 |
Isle of Man | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Jersey | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Norway | 140 | 65 | 75 |
Sark | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Svalbard and Jan Mayen | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sweden | 185 | 85 | 90 |
United KingdomFootnote 35 | 26,495 | 12,430 | 14,060 |
Southern Europe | 2,735 | 1,420 | 1,315 |
Albania | 70 | 35 | 35 |
Andorra | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 45 | 15 | 25 |
Croatia | 30 | 10 | 20 |
Gibraltar | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Greece | 210 | 95 | 115 |
Holy See (Vatican City State) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Italy | 780 | 390 | 390 |
KosovoFootnote 36 | 50 | 30 | 20 |
Macedonia, Republic ofFootnote 37 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Malta | 25 | 15 | 10 |
Montenegro | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Portugal | 650 | 360 | 295 |
San Marino | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SerbiaFootnote 38 | 65 | 25 | 35 |
Slovenia | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Spain | 795 | 435 | 365 |
Africa | 400,790 | 203,255 | 197,530 |
Western Africa | 87,260 | 45,850 | 41,410 |
Benin | 2,265 | 1,315 | 950 |
Burkina Faso | 1,670 | 875 | 785 |
Cabo Verde | 140 | 65 | 70 |
Côte d'Ivoire | 8,055 | 4,280 | 3,780 |
Gambia | 495 | 290 | 205 |
Ghana | 19,950 | 10,010 | 9,940 |
Guinea | 3,960 | 2,045 | 1,920 |
Guinea-Bissau | 60 | 50 | 10 |
Liberia | 1,880 | 885 | 995 |
Mali | 1,810 | 1,010 | 800 |
Mauritania | 795 | 510 | 280 |
Niger | 825 | 425 | 395 |
Nigeria | 33,755 | 17,580 | 16,175 |
Saint HelenaFootnote 39 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
Senegal | 6,410 | 3,660 | 2,755 |
Sierra Leone | 2,410 | 1,215 | 1,195 |
Togo | 2,780 | 1,640 | 1,150 |
Eastern Africa | 139,245 | 66,180 | 73,065 |
Burundi | 6,410 | 3,125 | 3,290 |
Comoros | 150 | 70 | 80 |
Djibouti | 1,395 | 565 | 830 |
Eritrea | 11,845 | 6,020 | 5,820 |
Ethiopia | 27,345 | 13,435 | 13,910 |
Kenya | 16,370 | 7,445 | 8,925 |
Madagascar | 2,645 | 1,220 | 1,425 |
Malawi | 415 | 210 | 205 |
Mauritius | 11,305 | 5,535 | 5,765 |
Mayotte | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mozambique | 395 | 160 | 230 |
Réunion | 170 | 80 | 85 |
Rwanda | 4,480 | 1,995 | 2,480 |
Seychelles | 760 | 330 | 430 |
Somalia | 22,830 | 10,065 | 12,765 |
South Sudan | 4,400 | 2,395 | 2,005 |
TanzaniaFootnote 40 | 11,875 | 5,710 | 6,165 |
Uganda | 8,170 | 3,855 | 4,315 |
Zambia | 2,215 | 1,080 | 1,130 |
Zimbabwe | 6,085 | 2,875 | 3,210 |
Northern Africa | 128,195 | 68,680 | 59,515 |
Algeria | 28,265 | 14,895 | 13,370 |
Egypt | 32,010 | 17,115 | 14,895 |
Libya | 5,075 | 2,885 | 2,190 |
Morocco | 42,855 | 22,645 | 20,210 |
SudanFootnote 41 | 7,140 | 3,620 | 3,530 |
Tunisia | 12,850 | 7,525 | 5,325 |
Western Sahara | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Central Africa | 38,885 | 19,145 | 19,750 |
Angola | 1,390 | 740 | 650 |
Cameroon | 14,065 | 7,005 | 7,065 |
Central African Republic | 590 | 290 | 305 |
Chad | 1,105 | 625 | 485 |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 18,780 | 8,900 | 9,885 |
Congo, Republic of the | 2,050 | 1,175 | 870 |
Equatorial Guinea | 55 | 35 | 15 |
Gabon | 825 | 360 | 460 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 25 | 20 | 0 |
Southern Africa | 7,205 | 3,405 | 3,795 |
Botswana | 570 | 245 | 325 |
Lesotho | 70 | 35 | 40 |
Namibia | 550 | 210 | 335 |
South Africa, Republic of | 5,740 | 2,825 | 2,920 |
Swaziland | 275 | 95 | 185 |
Asia | 2,606,445 | 1,202,065 | 1,404,385 |
West Central Asia and the Middle East | 311,305 | 159,705 | 151,600 |
Afghanistan | 39,995 | 20,240 | 19,755 |
Armenia | 215 | 90 | 125 |
Azerbaijan | 435 | 190 | 245 |
Bahrain | 1,430 | 795 | 635 |
Cyprus | 80 | 40 | 35 |
Georgia | 65 | 35 | 30 |
IranFootnote 42 | 107,425 | 54,035 | 53,385 |
Iraq | 40,830 | 20,590 | 20,235 |
Israel | 1,775 | 985 | 795 |
Jordan | 6,630 | 3,520 | 3,110 |
Kazakhstan | 1,145 | 470 | 675 |
Kuwait | 10,805 | 5,635 | 5,170 |
Kyrgyzstan | 600 | 265 | 340 |
Lebanon | 45,505 | 24,410 | 21,090 |
Oman | 595 | 290 | 305 |
Qatar | 1,015 | 590 | 430 |
Saudi Arabia | 13,465 | 7,320 | 6,150 |
SyriaFootnote 43 | 21,350 | 10,735 | 10,615 |
Tajikistan | 265 | 90 | 180 |
Turkey | 3,285 | 1,825 | 1,465 |
Turkmenistan | 130 | 60 | 75 |
United Arab Emirates | 7,405 | 3,855 | 3,545 |
Uzbekistan | 1,040 | 465 | 580 |
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)Footnote 44 | 3,960 | 2,205 | 1,755 |
Yemen | 1,855 | 985 | 870 |
Eastern Asia | 810,145 | 355,790 | 454,355 |
ChinaFootnote 45 | 471,700 | 209,235 | 262,465 |
Hong KongFootnote 46 | 161,275 | 74,730 | 86,540 |
Japan | 23,690 | 5,985 | 17,705 |
Korea, NorthFootnote 47 | 310 | 130 | 180 |
Korea, SouthFootnote 48 | 99,550 | 43,080 | 56,475 |
MacaoFootnote 49 | 3,245 | 1,395 | 1,850 |
Mongolia | 1,115 | 470 | 650 |
Taiwan | 49,255 | 20,765 | 28,495 |
Southeast Asia | 671,075 | 277,405 | 393,675 |
Brunei Darussalam | 3,605 | 1,875 | 1,735 |
Burma (Myanmar) | 5,925 | 2,915 | 3,005 |
Cambodia | 19,015 | 8,625 | 10,395 |
Indonesia | 9,195 | 3,745 | 5,440 |
LaosFootnote 50 | 12,555 | 6,140 | 6,410 |
Malaysia | 16,585 | 7,300 | 9,280 |
Philippines | 445,110 | 175,275 | 269,835 |
Singapore | 7,370 | 3,230 | 4,145 |
Thailand | 12,340 | 3,940 | 8,400 |
Timor-Leste | 20 | 10 | 15 |
Viet Nam | 139,355 | 64,350 | 75,005 |
Southern Asia | 813,920 | 409,165 | 404,755 |
Bangladesh | 46,920 | 24,125 | 22,800 |
Bhutan | 3,610 | 1,790 | 1,820 |
British Indian Ocean Territory | 0 | 0 | 0 |
India | 507,815 | 254,425 | 253,390 |
Maldives | 15 | 15 | 0 |
Nepal | 9,355 | 4,870 | 4,485 |
Pakistan | 142,490 | 72,545 | 69,945 |
Sri Lanka | 103,700 | 51,390 | 52,310 |
Oceania | 20,895 | 9,575 | 11,320 |
American Samoa | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Australia | 925 | 460 | 460 |
Christmas Island | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cook Islands | 0 | 10 | 0 |
Fiji | 18,560 | 8,380 | 10,180 |
French Polynesia | 115 | 60 | 55 |
Guam | 15 | 0 | 15 |
Kiribati | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Marshall Islands | 10 | 0 | 10 |
Micronesia, Federated States of | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Nauru | 20 | 10 | 10 |
New Caledonia | 80 | 50 | 25 |
New Zealand | 735 | 395 | 335 |
Niue | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Norfolk Island | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Northern Mariana Islands | 20 | 15 | 10 |
Palau | 15 | 15 | 0 |
Papua New Guinea | 160 | 55 | 105 |
Pitcairn | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Samoa | 85 | 45 | 45 |
Solomon Islands | 25 | 10 | 15 |
Tokelau | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tonga | 100 | 55 | 50 |
Tuvalu | 0 | 0 | 0 |
United States Minor Outlying Islands | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vanuatu | 15 | 15 | 0 |
Wallis and Futuna | 10 | 10 | 0 |
Other places of birthFootnote 51 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 52 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,815 |
First generationFootnote 53 | 3,655,570 | 1,702,905 | 1,952,665 |
Second generationFootnote 54 | 504,985 | 255,860 | 249,125 |
Third generation or moreFootnote 55 | 68,195 | 34,170 | 34,025 |
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 56 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
North American Aboriginal origins | 7,840 | 3,490 | 4,350 |
First Nations (North American Indian) | 7,190 | 3,225 | 3,960 |
Inuit | 160 | 75 | 85 |
Métis | 520 | 200 | 320 |
Other North American origins | 113,700 | 56,095 | 57,610 |
Acadian | 345 | 135 | 210 |
American | 13,665 | 6,995 | 6,670 |
Canadian | 100,835 | 49,445 | 51,390 |
New Brunswicker | 15 | 10 | 10 |
Newfoundlander | 155 | 90 | 65 |
Nova Scotian | 560 | 265 | 295 |
Ontarian | 55 | 35 | 15 |
Québécois | 1,190 | 640 | 545 |
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 57 | 55 | 25 | 30 |
European origins | 333,525 | 151,665 | 181,860 |
British Isles origins | 111,550 | 51,580 | 59,970 |
Channel Islander | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Cornish | 20 | 0 | 10 |
English | 57,770 | 27,070 | 30,700 |
Irish | 29,235 | 13,440 | 15,795 |
Manx | 20 | 15 | 10 |
Scottish | 34,105 | 15,355 | 18,745 |
Welsh | 2,785 | 1,250 | 1,535 |
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Footnote 58 | 12,365 | 5,540 | 6,825 |
French origins | 41,960 | 19,170 | 22,790 |
Alsatian | 15 | 0 | 10 |
Breton | 50 | 20 | 30 |
Corsican | 80 | 40 | 40 |
French | 41,875 | 19,150 | 22,725 |
Western European origins (except French origins) | 38,695 | 17,855 | 20,835 |
Austrian | 1,400 | 660 | 740 |
Bavarian | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Belgian | 1,370 | 595 | 775 |
Dutch | 10,635 | 5,040 | 5,595 |
Flemish | 45 | 30 | 20 |
Frisian | 15 | 10 | 10 |
German | 25,720 | 11,810 | 13,910 |
Luxembourger | 15 | 10 | 10 |
Swiss | 1,380 | 640 | 740 |
Western European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 59 | 65 | 40 | 25 |
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) | 5,875 | 2,710 | 3,170 |
Danish | 1,305 | 675 | 625 |
Finnish | 690 | 265 | 425 |
Icelandic | 430 | 190 | 240 |
Norwegian | 1,710 | 795 | 915 |
Swedish | 1,585 | 735 | 850 |
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 60 | 470 | 210 | 265 |
Eastern European origins | 16,610 | 7,670 | 8,945 |
Bulgarian | 185 | 75 | 110 |
Byelorussian | 70 | 45 | 25 |
Czech | 610 | 255 | 350 |
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Footnote 61 | 200 | 105 | 95 |
Estonian | 175 | 55 | 120 |
Hungarian | 1,895 | 885 | 1,010 |
Latvian | 155 | 60 | 95 |
Lithuanian | 265 | 120 | 145 |
Moldovan | 25 | 10 | 15 |
Polish | 4,535 | 2,140 | 2,390 |
Romanian | 805 | 400 | 410 |
Russian | 4,765 | 2,120 | 2,640 |
Slovak | 255 | 115 | 140 |
Ukrainian | 4,245 | 2,030 | 2,215 |
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 62 | 215 | 65 | 155 |
Southern European origins | 174,150 | 77,360 | 96,790 |
Albanian | 230 | 120 | 115 |
Bosnian | 65 | 55 | 10 |
Catalan | 105 | 60 | 40 |
Croatian | 630 | 345 | 285 |
Cypriot | 55 | 15 | 40 |
Greek | 3,240 | 1,625 | 1,615 |
Italian | 23,685 | 11,325 | 12,355 |
Kosovar | 20 | 10 | 10 |
Macedonian | 105 | 30 | 75 |
Maltese | 315 | 180 | 135 |
Montenegrin | 0 | 10 | 0 |
Portuguese | 34,035 | 15,575 | 18,460 |
Serbian | 265 | 125 | 140 |
Sicilian | 100 | 50 | 50 |
Slovenian | 160 | 95 | 65 |
Spanish | 125,695 | 54,630 | 71,070 |
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Footnote 63 | 310 | 125 | 185 |
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 64 | 125 | 40 | 80 |
Other European origins | 6,755 | 3,035 | 3,725 |
Basque | 510 | 300 | 205 |
Jewish | 3,470 | 1,530 | 1,940 |
Roma (Gypsy) | 75 | 40 | 30 |
Slavic, n.o.s.Footnote 65 | 55 | 35 | 20 |
Other European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 66 | 2,690 | 1,145 | 1,545 |
Caribbean origins | 343,415 | 155,165 | 188,255 |
Antiguan | 1,895 | 880 | 1,015 |
Bahamian | 1,250 | 640 | 610 |
Barbadian | 15,050 | 6,890 | 8,160 |
Bermudan | 460 | 245 | 215 |
Carib | 1,490 | 480 | 1,010 |
Cuban | 10,795 | 4,905 | 5,890 |
Dominican | 9,525 | 4,245 | 5,285 |
Grenadian | 8,530 | 3,370 | 5,160 |
Guadeloupean | 500 | 220 | 285 |
Haitian | 80,210 | 35,900 | 44,305 |
Jamaican | 137,395 | 62,590 | 74,810 |
Kittitian/Nevisian | 1,380 | 645 | 740 |
Martinican | 835 | 395 | 445 |
Montserratan | 445 | 215 | 225 |
Puerto Rican | 895 | 460 | 440 |
St. Lucian | 4,105 | 1,715 | 2,390 |
Trinidadian/Tobagonian | 35,535 | 16,465 | 19,075 |
Vincentian/Grenadinian | 7,765 | 3,015 | 4,745 |
West Indian, n.o.s.Footnote 67 | 35,095 | 15,190 | 19,905 |
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Footnote 68 | 12,965 | 5,755 | 7,210 |
Latin, Central and South American origins | 278,095 | 129,240 | 148,850 |
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya) | 11,235 | 5,275 | 5,955 |
Arawak | 770 | 310 | 460 |
Argentinian | 4,340 | 2,090 | 2,250 |
Belizean | 435 | 200 | 235 |
Bolivian | 1,750 | 790 | 955 |
Brazilian | 10,310 | 4,575 | 5,735 |
Chilean | 16,115 | 7,860 | 8,250 |
Colombian | 45,775 | 20,665 | 25,110 |
Costa Rican | 2,220 | 1,050 | 1,170 |
Ecuadorian | 10,735 | 4,805 | 5,930 |
Guatemalan | 11,835 | 6,280 | 5,555 |
Guyanese | 38,920 | 17,480 | 21,445 |
Hispanic | 4,890 | 2,285 | 2,605 |
Honduran | 4,460 | 2,130 | 2,330 |
Maya | 3,230 | 1,795 | 1,435 |
Mexican | 40,755 | 18,865 | 21,885 |
Nicaraguan | 6,175 | 2,895 | 3,280 |
Panamanian | 2,005 | 860 | 1,140 |
Paraguayan | 355 | 140 | 215 |
Peruvian | 18,325 | 7,990 | 10,335 |
Salvadorean | 31,930 | 15,805 | 16,125 |
Uruguayan | 1,720 | 870 | 855 |
Venezuelan | 11,350 | 4,980 | 6,375 |
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 69 | 13,000 | 6,265 | 6,735 |
African origins | 443,880 | 223,150 | 220,730 |
Central and West African origins | 111,315 | 57,380 | 53,935 |
Akan | 1,095 | 610 | 480 |
Angolan | 1,235 | 615 | 625 |
Ashanti | 875 | 490 | 390 |
Beninese | 2,550 | 1,370 | 1,180 |
Burkinabe | 1,545 | 850 | 700 |
Cameroonian | 11,990 | 5,985 | 6,010 |
Chadian | 705 | 385 | 320 |
Congolese | 16,800 | 8,125 | 8,670 |
Edo | 960 | 525 | 435 |
Ewe | 425 | 250 | 175 |
Gabonese | 655 | 260 | 395 |
Gambian | 375 | 210 | 165 |
Ghanaian | 18,470 | 9,130 | 9,340 |
Guinean | 3,405 | 1,800 | 1,610 |
Ibo | 2,490 | 1,350 | 1,135 |
Ivorian | 5,325 | 2,740 | 2,585 |
Liberian | 1,095 | 465 | 635 |
Malian | 1,995 | 1,045 | 950 |
Malinké | 545 | 310 | 235 |
Nigerian | 23,930 | 12,475 | 11,455 |
Peulh | 1,155 | 625 | 535 |
Senegalese | 5,210 | 2,930 | 2,280 |
Sierra Leonean | 1,270 | 635 | 630 |
Togolese | 2,615 | 1,485 | 1,130 |
Wolof | 510 | 305 | 200 |
Yoruba | 4,690 | 2,570 | 2,115 |
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 70 | 7,290 | 3,855 | 3,430 |
North African origins | 122,140 | 65,230 | 56,915 |
Algerian | 20,825 | 10,885 | 9,935 |
Berber | 7,050 | 3,945 | 3,110 |
Coptic | 1,415 | 770 | 645 |
Dinka | 390 | 240 | 150 |
Egyptian | 36,070 | 19,165 | 16,895 |
Libyan | 2,910 | 1,665 | 1,240 |
Maure | 520 | 300 | 220 |
Moroccan | 35,995 | 18,925 | 17,065 |
Sudanese | 8,560 | 4,400 | 4,155 |
Tunisian | 10,435 | 5,990 | 4,445 |
North African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 71 | 2,405 | 1,375 | 1,030 |
Southern and East African origins | 109,630 | 51,950 | 57,675 |
Afrikaner | 85 | 40 | 50 |
Amhara | 920 | 505 | 410 |
Bantu, n.o.s.Footnote 72 | 1,995 | 1,040 | 960 |
Burundian | 5,135 | 2,535 | 2,600 |
Djiboutian | 640 | 250 | 385 |
Eritrean | 13,895 | 6,900 | 6,990 |
Ethiopian | 23,480 | 11,350 | 12,135 |
Harari | 295 | 125 | 170 |
Kenyan | 5,455 | 2,410 | 3,040 |
Malagasy | 2,175 | 995 | 1,175 |
Mauritian | 4,465 | 2,205 | 2,260 |
Oromo | 1,675 | 940 | 725 |
Rwandan | 5,430 | 2,325 | 3,105 |
Seychellois | 555 | 250 | 305 |
Somali | 26,095 | 11,500 | 14,595 |
South African | 3,250 | 1,580 | 1,675 |
Tanzanian | 2,255 | 1,095 | 1,160 |
Tigrian | 1,205 | 670 | 540 |
Ugandan | 2,985 | 1,445 | 1,545 |
Zambian | 925 | 455 | 465 |
Zimbabwean | 3,680 | 1,805 | 1,870 |
Zulu | 480 | 245 | 235 |
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 73 | 8,860 | 4,220 | 4,640 |
Other African origins | 107,560 | 52,015 | 55,540 |
Black, n.o.s.Footnote 74 | 12,695 | 5,780 | 6,920 |
Other African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 75 | 96,415 | 47,040 | 49,375 |
Asian origins | 3,174,220 | 1,485,185 | 1,689,040 |
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins | 365,665 | 187,820 | 177,845 |
Afghan | 40,515 | 20,380 | 20,135 |
Arab, n.o.s.Footnote 76 | 47,635 | 25,590 | 22,050 |
Armenian | 4,210 | 2,080 | 2,135 |
Assyrian | 5,365 | 2,695 | 2,665 |
Azerbaijani | 1,915 | 1,045 | 870 |
Georgian | 180 | 115 | 60 |
Hazara | 785 | 440 | 345 |
Iranian | 116,005 | 58,095 | 57,905 |
Iraqi | 30,650 | 15,405 | 15,245 |
Israeli | 1,135 | 565 | 565 |
Jordanian | 5,815 | 3,075 | 2,735 |
Kazakh | 720 | 275 | 440 |
Kurd | 6,375 | 3,515 | 2,860 |
Kuwaiti | 990 | 515 | 475 |
Kyrgyz | 375 | 160 | 215 |
Lebanese | 60,355 | 31,740 | 28,620 |
Palestinian | 17,415 | 9,380 | 8,030 |
Pashtun | 2,225 | 1,215 | 1,010 |
Saudi Arabian | 2,970 | 1,710 | 1,260 |
Syrian | 22,410 | 11,020 | 11,390 |
Tajik | 1,135 | 555 | 575 |
Tatar | 260 | 90 | 170 |
Turk | 9,860 | 5,030 | 4,830 |
Turkmen | 405 | 190 | 210 |
Uighur | 610 | 285 | 325 |
Uzbek | 1,305 | 625 | 680 |
Yemeni | 2,450 | 1,225 | 1,230 |
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Footnote 77 | 9,430 | 5,085 | 4,345 |
South Asian origins | 1,063,000 | 529,325 | 533,670 |
Bangladeshi | 26,410 | 13,620 | 12,790 |
Bengali | 12,845 | 6,600 | 6,250 |
Bhutanese | 1,800 | 870 | 935 |
East Indian | 750,745 | 372,355 | 378,390 |
Goan | 2,995 | 1,405 | 1,590 |
Gujarati | 4,735 | 2,385 | 2,345 |
Kashmiri | 1,660 | 850 | 815 |
Nepali | 10,005 | 5,115 | 4,890 |
Pakistani | 107,475 | 54,800 | 52,675 |
Punjabi | 61,810 | 30,805 | 31,005 |
Sinhalese | 3,950 | 1,900 | 2,050 |
Sri Lankan | 83,985 | 41,335 | 42,645 |
Tamil | 26,620 | 13,535 | 13,090 |
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 78 | 41,515 | 20,665 | 20,855 |
East and Southeast Asian origins | 1,759,575 | 774,645 | 984,930 |
Burmese | 4,420 | 2,100 | 2,320 |
Cambodian (Khmer) | 21,515 | 9,905 | 11,610 |
Chinese | 976,385 | 447,085 | 529,305 |
Filipino | 475,695 | 191,895 | 283,790 |
Hmong | 420 | 195 | 225 |
Indonesian | 8,430 | 3,505 | 4,920 |
Japanese | 55,945 | 21,450 | 34,495 |
Karen | 1,945 | 955 | 990 |
Korean | 112,525 | 49,480 | 63,045 |
Laotian | 14,130 | 6,925 | 7,205 |
Malaysian | 9,245 | 4,005 | 5,245 |
Mongolian | 2,755 | 1,205 | 1,555 |
Singaporean | 1,570 | 725 | 845 |
Taiwanese | 21,485 | 9,000 | 12,490 |
Thai | 10,615 | 3,210 | 7,410 |
Tibetan | 4,950 | 2,465 | 2,490 |
Vietnamese | 132,295 | 61,485 | 70,810 |
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 79 | 3,580 | 1,695 | 1,885 |
Other Asian origins | 12,000 | 5,800 | 6,200 |
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 80 | 12,000 | 5,800 | 6,205 |
Oceania origins | 13,350 | 6,360 | 6,990 |
Australian | 705 | 365 | 340 |
New Zealander | 290 | 170 | 120 |
Pacific Islands origins | 12,545 | 5,940 | 6,605 |
Fijian | 10,215 | 4,735 | 5,480 |
Hawaiian | 420 | 200 | 220 |
Maori | 435 | 245 | 190 |
Samoan | 370 | 240 | 130 |
Polynesian, n.o.s.Footnote 81 | 475 | 215 | 255 |
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Footnote 82 | 915 | 435 | 475 |
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 83 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,810 |
No certificate, diploma or degree | 451,765 | 210,315 | 241,450 |
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateFootnote 84 | 877,760 | 431,430 | 446,335 |
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree | 2,899,220 | 1,351,185 | 1,548,030 |
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma | 225,120 | 128,160 | 96,960 |
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 85 | 142,725 | 74,220 | 68,510 |
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 86 | 82,390 | 53,940 | 28,450 |
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma | 712,965 | 302,345 | 410,620 |
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level | 185,220 | 79,455 | 105,765 |
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above | 1,775,915 | 841,230 | 934,685 |
Bachelor's degree | 1,142,815 | 513,615 | 629,200 |
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level | 107,015 | 49,250 | 57,765 |
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry | 64,075 | 31,260 | 32,815 |
Master's degree | 401,350 | 207,990 | 193,355 |
Earned doctorateFootnote 87 | 60,670 | 39,120 | 21,550 |
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 88 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,815 |
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 89 | 1,329,530 | 641,750 | 687,785 |
Education | 110,025 | 20,675 | 89,350 |
13. Education | 110,025 | 20,680 | 89,345 |
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies | 87,375 | 36,380 | 50,995 |
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services | 11,045 | 8,095 | 2,955 |
50. Visual and performing arts | 76,330 | 28,285 | 48,040 |
Humanities | 168,205 | 52,970 | 115,240 |
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics | 26,690 | 5,860 | 20,835 |
23. English language and literature/letters | 39,215 | 9,015 | 30,195 |
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities | 66,770 | 21,705 | 45,075 |
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesFootnote 90 | 330 | 155 | 180 |
38. Philosophy and religious studies | 7,685 | 3,920 | 3,770 |
39. Theology and religious vocations | 8,995 | 6,120 | 2,880 |
54. History | 12,325 | 4,840 | 7,480 |
55. French language and literature/letters | 6,185 | 1,355 | 4,835 |
Social and behavioural sciences and law | 322,615 | 107,995 | 214,620 |
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies | 4,195 | 955 | 3,235 |
09. Communication, journalism and related programs | 31,090 | 10,600 | 20,490 |
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences | 51,885 | 5,235 | 46,655 |
22. Legal professions and studies | 48,665 | 17,670 | 31,000 |
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesFootnote 91 | 5,070 | 1,295 | 3,770 |
42. Psychology | 40,795 | 9,080 | 31,715 |
45. Social sciences | 140,915 | 63,160 | 77,755 |
Business, management and public administration | 744,960 | 308,995 | 435,970 |
30.16 Accounting and computer science | 1,490 | 585 | 905 |
44. Public administration and social service professions | 31,720 | 7,865 | 23,855 |
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services | 711,755 | 300,540 | 411,215 |
Physical and life sciences and technologies | 154,780 | 71,510 | 83,265 |
26. Biological and biomedical sciences | 63,830 | 24,725 | 39,105 |
30.01 Biological and physical sciences | 36,775 | 16,140 | 20,635 |
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesFootnote 92 | 2,830 | 1,090 | 1,745 |
40. Physical sciences | 46,550 | 27,910 | 18,640 |
41. Science technologies/technicians | 4,790 | 1,650 | 3,135 |
Mathematics, computer and information sciences | 215,685 | 136,670 | 79,015 |
11. Computer and information sciences and support services | 180,120 | 119,190 | 60,935 |
25. Library science | 3,955 | 700 | 3,255 |
27. Mathematics and statistics | 29,210 | 15,235 | 13,970 |
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesFootnote 93 | 2,400 | 1,545 | 855 |
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies | 529,490 | 436,785 | 92,705 |
04. Architecture and related services | 25,930 | 14,950 | 10,980 |
14. Engineering | 302,005 | 235,200 | 66,800 |
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields | 78,700 | 68,075 | 10,630 |
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation | 45 | 10 | 35 |
46. Construction trades | 37,825 | 36,480 | 1,345 |
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians | 57,835 | 56,115 | 1,720 |
48. Precision production | 27,150 | 25,960 | 1,195 |
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation | 35,480 | 19,280 | 16,195 |
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences | 25,185 | 13,960 | 11,225 |
03. Natural resources and conservation | 10,295 | 5,320 | 4,975 |
Health and related fields | 427,840 | 109,635 | 318,200 |
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies | 14,510 | 8,305 | 6,200 |
51. Health professions and related programs | 396,020 | 92,145 | 303,875 |
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs | 17,310 | 9,185 | 8,125 |
Personal, protective and transportation services | 102,480 | 50,155 | 52,320 |
12. Personal and culinary services | 67,110 | 21,200 | 45,910 |
28. Military science, leadership and operational art | 265 | 245 | 25 |
29. Military technologies and applied sciences | 380 | 360 | 15 |
43. Security and protective services | 16,325 | 11,805 | 4,520 |
49. Transportation and materials moving | 18,395 | 16,550 | 1,845 |
Other | 285 | 130 | 155 |
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other | 280 | 130 | 155 |
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 94 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,815 |
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree | 1,329,530 | 641,750 | 687,780 |
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 95 | 2,899,220 | 1,351,190 | 1,548,030 |
Location of study inside Canada | 1,500,485 | 707,240 | 793,245 |
Same as province or territory of residence | 1,337,570 | 622,615 | 714,950 |
Different than province or territory of residence | 162,920 | 84,620 | 78,295 |
Location of study outside CanadaFootnote 96 | 1,398,735 | 643,950 | 754,790 |
United StatesFootnote 97 | 74,275 | 42,365 | 31,915 |
Philippines | 262,910 | 95,935 | 166,975 |
India | 239,135 | 117,215 | 121,915 |
United KingdomFootnote 98 | 40,675 | 22,295 | 18,380 |
ChinaFootnote 99 | 175,430 | 79,400 | 96,030 |
France | 18,700 | 10,840 | 7,860 |
Other | 587,615 | 275,895 | 311,720 |
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataFootnote 100 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
In the labour force | 3,365,270 | 1,723,510 | 1,641,760 |
Employed | 3,111,190 | 1,603,925 | 1,507,265 |
Unemployed | 254,080 | 119,585 | 134,490 |
Not in the labour force | 863,480 | 269,425 | 594,055 |
Participation rate | 79.6 | 86.5 | 73.4 |
Employment rate | 73.6 | 80.5 | 67.4 |
Unemployment rate | 7.6 | 6.9 | 8.2 |
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataFootnote 101 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
Did not workFootnote 102 | 891,895 | 288,505 | 603,390 |
Worked | 3,336,855 | 1,704,430 | 1,632,425 |
Worked full year, full timeFootnote 103 | 1,688,925 | 935,955 | 752,975 |
Worked part year and/or part timeFootnote 104 | 1,647,925 | 768,475 | 879,450 |
Average weeks worked in reference year | 43.3 | 44.3 | 42.3 |
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataFootnote 105 | 3,365,270 | 1,723,510 | 1,641,760 |
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 106 | 92,795 | 37,090 | 55,705 |
All classes of workersFootnote 107 | 3,272,475 | 1,686,420 | 1,586,060 |
Employee | 2,878,785 | 1,433,370 | 1,445,410 |
Self-employedFootnote 108 | 393,690 | 253,050 | 140,645 |
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataFootnote 109 | 3,365,270 | 1,723,510 | 1,641,755 |
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 110 | 92,800 | 37,090 | 55,705 |
All occupationsFootnote 111 | 3,272,475 | 1,686,420 | 1,586,060 |
0 Management occupations | 318,635 | 196,730 | 121,900 |
1 Business, finance and administration occupations | 526,435 | 189,440 | 337,000 |
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations | 329,495 | 252,155 | 77,340 |
3 Health occupations | 286,940 | 71,700 | 215,245 |
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services | 342,330 | 99,590 | 242,740 |
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport | 66,980 | 33,455 | 33,520 |
6 Sales and service occupations | 785,620 | 352,245 | 433,380 |
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations | 368,180 | 342,300 | 25,880 |
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations | 28,370 | 19,070 | 9,295 |
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities | 219,480 | 129,730 | 89,750 |
Total Labour Force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataFootnote 112 | 3,365,270 | 1,723,515 | 1,641,755 |
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableFootnote 113 | 92,795 | 37,095 | 55,700 |
All industry categoriesFootnote 114 | 3,272,475 | 1,686,420 | 1,586,055 |
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | 26,150 | 14,475 | 11,675 |
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction | 25,615 | 18,545 | 7,075 |
22 Utilities | 16,480 | 11,290 | 5,195 |
23 Construction | 143,725 | 124,450 | 19,280 |
31-33 Manufacturing | 348,270 | 229,550 | 118,720 |
41 Wholesale trade | 131,940 | 82,655 | 49,285 |
44-45 Retail trade | 329,185 | 158,470 | 170,715 |
48-49 Transportation and warehousing | 202,870 | 159,345 | 43,525 |
51 Information and cultural industries | 81,870 | 51,065 | 30,810 |
52 Finance and insurance | 212,425 | 96,425 | 116,000 |
53 Real estate and rental and leasing | 67,605 | 38,200 | 29,405 |
54 Professional, scientific and technical services | 295,260 | 174,395 | 120,860 |
55 Management of companies and enterprises | 5,785 | 2,655 | 3,130 |
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services | 172,825 | 93,075 | 79,755 |
61 Educational services | 182,980 | 66,635 | 116,340 |
62 Health care and social assistance | 431,890 | 91,880 | 340,010 |
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation | 36,865 | 19,605 | 17,255 |
72 Accommodation and food services | 272,490 | 127,275 | 145,215 |
81 Other services (except public administration) | 156,060 | 60,650 | 95,410 |
91 Public administration | 132,175 | 65,770 | 66,405 |
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 115 | 3,459,165 | 1,759,610 | 1,699,550 |
English | 2,820,995 | 1,434,105 | 1,386,890 |
French | 252,060 | 124,610 | 127,455 |
Non-official language | 185,015 | 96,890 | 88,125 |
English and French | 87,185 | 47,130 | 40,055 |
English and non-official language | 103,940 | 52,100 | 51,845 |
French and non-official language | 3,885 | 1,735 | 2,145 |
English, French and non-official language | 6,080 | 3,040 | 3,040 |
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 116 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data | 4,128,235 | 1,959,475 | 2,168,760 |
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 33,355 | 38,342 | 29,646 |
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 43,427 | 50,154 | 37,348 |
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data | 4,130,445 | 1,961,300 | 2,169,140 |
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 30,554 | 34,239 | 27,677 |
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 36,578 | 41,220 | 32,380 |
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data | 3,679,755 | 1,809,760 | 1,869,995 |
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 34,423 | 40,156 | 29,384 |
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 44,885 | 52,307 | 37,703 |
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data | 2,902,475 | 1,185,885 | 1,716,590 |
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) | 1,753 | 842 | 3,232 |
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) | 4,861 | 3,047 | 6,114 |
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data | 3,419,400 | 1,714,240 | 1,705,165 |
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 35,114 | 40,197 | 30,527 |
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) | 44,756 | 51,395 | 38,082 |
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 117 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 118 | 1,637,990 | 903,315 | 734,670 |
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 119 | 48,604 | 52,775 | 44,434 |
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 120 | 58,904 | 64,393 | 52,156 |
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample dataFootnote 121 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Market income (%)Footnote 122 | 92.1 | 96.3 | 87.0 |
Employment income (%)Footnote 123 | 85.4 | 89.6 | 80.2 |
Government transfers (%)Footnote 124 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 13.0 |
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 125 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,810 |
Without total income | 100,515 | 33,460 | 67,050 |
With total income | 4,128,235 | 1,959,475 | 2,168,760 |
Percentage with total income | 97.6 | 98.3 | 97.0 |
Under $10,000 (including loss) | 670,110 | 273,440 | 396,665 |
$10,000 to $19,999 | 613,945 | 259,020 | 354,930 |
$20,000 to $29,999 | 591,785 | 247,575 | 344,210 |
$30,000 to $39,999 | 534,005 | 237,845 | 296,165 |
$40,000 to $49,999 | 453,325 | 214,215 | 239,115 |
$50,000 to $59,999 | 328,240 | 166,755 | 161,480 |
$60,000 to $69,999 | 234,905 | 128,520 | 106,385 |
$70,000 to $79,999 | 173,985 | 98,915 | 75,070 |
$80,000 to $89,999 | 133,560 | 77,970 | 55,590 |
$90,000 to $99,999 | 103,165 | 60,110 | 43,060 |
$100,000 and over | 291,205 | 195,115 | 96,090 |
$100,000 to $149,999 | 203,590 | 132,155 | 71,435 |
$150,000 and over | 87,610 | 62,960 | 24,655 |
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 126 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,810 |
Without after-tax income | 98,310 | 31,635 | 66,675 |
With after-tax income | 4,130,445 | 1,961,305 | 2,169,135 |
Percentage with after-tax income | 97.7 | 98.4 | 97.0 |
Under $10,000 (including loss) | 680,505 | 279,750 | 400,755 |
$10,000 to $19,999 | 651,010 | 276,980 | 374,030 |
$20,000 to $29,999 | 697,000 | 300,015 | 396,985 |
$30,000 to $39,999 | 631,535 | 290,005 | 341,530 |
$40,000 to $49,999 | 488,010 | 240,020 | 247,990 |
$50,000 to $59,999 | 318,235 | 169,215 | 149,020 |
$60,000 to $69,999 | 217,000 | 122,545 | 94,450 |
$70,000 to $79,999 | 152,420 | 88,650 | 63,765 |
$80,000 and over | 294,730 | 194,120 | 100,610 |
$80,000 to $89,999 | 99,995 | 61,085 | 38,915 |
$90,000 to $99,999 | 60,140 | 38,930 | 21,210 |
$100,000 and over | 134,595 | 94,105 | 40,490 |
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 127 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,935 | 2,235,815 |
Without employment income | 809,350 | 278,700 | 530,650 |
With employment income | 3,419,400 | 1,714,240 | 1,705,160 |
Percentage with employment income | 80.9 | 86.0 | 76.3 |
Under $5,000 (including loss) | 264,185 | 103,730 | 160,455 |
$5,000 to $9,999 | 233,070 | 98,060 | 135,010 |
$10,000 to $19,999 | 496,405 | 223,760 | 272,640 |
$20,000 to $29,999 | 483,120 | 213,925 | 269,195 |
$30,000 to $39,999 | 445,300 | 212,065 | 233,235 |
$40,000 to $49,999 | 383,955 | 193,115 | 190,840 |
$50,000 to $59,999 | 282,015 | 153,470 | 128,540 |
$60,000 to $69,999 | 207,860 | 119,190 | 88,670 |
$70,000 to $79,999 | 158,755 | 93,680 | 65,070 |
$80,000 and over | 464,750 | 303,240 | 161,510 |
$80,000 to $89,999 | 121,330 | 72,750 | 48,580 |
$90,000 to $99,999 | 93,265 | 55,675 | 37,595 |
$100,000 and over | 250,150 | 174,815 | 75,335 |
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 128 | 4,228,750 | 1,992,940 | 2,235,815 |
In the bottom half of the distribution | 2,365,610 | 1,099,675 | 1,265,935 |
In the bottom decile | 576,630 | 268,755 | 307,880 |
In the second decile | 452,405 | 203,320 | 249,085 |
In the third decile | 466,355 | 216,230 | 250,125 |
In the fourth decile | 444,580 | 208,860 | 235,720 |
In the fifth decile | 425,640 | 202,515 | 223,125 |
In the top half of the distribution | 1,863,140 | 893,265 | 969,880 |
In the sixth decile | 405,645 | 193,300 | 212,350 |
In the seventh decile | 383,725 | 184,215 | 199,510 |
In the eighth decile | 372,420 | 179,305 | 193,120 |
In the ninth decile | 365,320 | 175,005 | 190,320 |
In the top decile | 336,020 | 161,440 | 174,585 |
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample dataFootnote 129 | 4,221,945 | 1,989,795 | 2,232,145 |
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) | 763,035 | 348,200 | 414,835 |
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) | 18.1 | 17.5 | 18.6 |
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) | 620,180 | 290,420 | 329,760 |
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) | 14.7 | 14.6 | 14.8 |
Symbol(s)
- Symbol ..
-
not available for a specific reference period
..
- Symbol ...
-
not applicable
...
- Symbol x
-
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
x
- Symbol F
-
too unreliable to be published
F
Footnote(s)
- Footnote 1
-
The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'
- Footnote 2
-
In households where there is at least one person living with a child and a grandchild.
- Footnote 3
-
In households that are not multigenerational where there is one census family with additional persons or more than one census family.
- Footnote 4
-
For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.
- Footnote 5
-
Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.
- Footnote 6
-
Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.
- Footnote 7
-
First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.
For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 8
-
The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.
- Footnote 9
-
The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.
- Footnote 10
-
Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.
For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 11
-
Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.
For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 12
-
'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.
'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.
For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 13
-
Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.
For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 14
-
'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.
- Footnote 15
-
'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.
- Footnote 16
-
Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.
Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.
For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 17
-
'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.
- Footnote 18
-
'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.
- Footnote 19
-
Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.
- Footnote 20
-
'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.
- Footnote 21
-
'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.
'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.
For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 22
-
'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.
'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.
'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.
For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 23
-
'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.
- Footnote 24
-
'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.
- Footnote 25
-
'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.
- Footnote 26
-
'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.
- Footnote 27
-
'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.
- Footnote 28
-
'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.
- Footnote 29
-
For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.
- Footnote 30
-
The official name of United States is United States of America.
- Footnote 31
-
The official name of Bolivia is Plurinational State of Bolivia.
- Footnote 32
-
The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
- Footnote 33
-
The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.
- Footnote 34
-
Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.
- Footnote 35
-
The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).
- Footnote 36
-
The official name of Kosovo is Republic of Kosovo.
- Footnote 37
-
Macedonia, Republic of: known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.
- Footnote 38
-
Serbia excludes Kosovo.
- Footnote 39
-
The official name of Saint Helena is Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
- Footnote 40
-
The official name of Tanzania is United Republic of Tanzania.
- Footnote 41
-
The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.
- Footnote 42
-
The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Footnote 43
-
The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.
- Footnote 44
-
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine): West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1993. Palestine refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.
- Footnote 45
-
China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.
- Footnote 46
-
The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
- Footnote 47
-
The official name of North Korea is Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
- Footnote 48
-
The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.
- Footnote 49
-
The full name of Macao is Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
- Footnote 50
-
The official name of Laos is Lao People's Democratic Republic.
- Footnote 51
-
Includes other places of birth not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea'.
- Footnote 52
-
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.
For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 53
-
'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.
- Footnote 54
-
'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.
- Footnote 55
-
'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.
- Footnote 56
-
This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.
'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 57
-
Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').
- Footnote 58
-
Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').
- Footnote 59
-
Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').
- Footnote 60
-
Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').
- Footnote 61
-
Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 62
-
Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').
- Footnote 63
-
Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 64
-
Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').
- Footnote 65
-
Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 66
-
Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').
- Footnote 67
-
Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 68
-
Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').
- Footnote 69
-
Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').
- Footnote 70
-
Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').
- Footnote 71
-
Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').
- Footnote 72
-
Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 73
-
Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').
- Footnote 74
-
Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 75
-
Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').
- Footnote 76
-
Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 77
-
Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').
- Footnote 78
-
Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').
- Footnote 79
-
Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').
- Footnote 80
-
Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').
- Footnote 81
-
Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.
- Footnote 82
-
Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').
- Footnote 83
-
Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'
This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.
The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.
This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.
Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013. - Footnote 84
-
'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.
- Footnote 85
-
'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.
- Footnote 86
-
'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.
- Footnote 87
-
'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.
- Footnote 88
-
'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.
This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.
This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.
There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.
This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.
This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.
For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.
Return to footnote 88 referrer
Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.
- Footnote 89
-
'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.
- Footnote 90
-
'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'
- Footnote 91
-
'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'
- Footnote 92
-
'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'
- Footnote 93
-
'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'
- Footnote 94
-
'Location of study' refers to either:
- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.
In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.
This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.
'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.
This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.
For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013. - Footnote 95
-
'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.
- Footnote 96
-
Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.
- Footnote 97
-
The official name of United States is United States of America.
- Footnote 98
-
The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).
- Footnote 99
-
China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.
- Footnote 100
-
Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.
Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.
In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity. - Footnote 101
-
Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).
- Footnote 102
-
Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.
- Footnote 103
-
Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.
- Footnote 104
-
Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.
- Footnote 105
-
Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.
- Footnote 106
-
Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.
- Footnote 107
-
Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.
- Footnote 108
-
Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.
- Footnote 109
-
Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.
- Footnote 110
-
Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.
- Footnote 111
-
Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.
- Footnote 112
-
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.
- Footnote 113
-
Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.
- Footnote 114
-
Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.
- Footnote 115
-
Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.
For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016. - Footnote 116
-
Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:
- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.
In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:
- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.
Receipts excluded from this income definition are:
- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.
After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.
Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.
Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.
It includes:
- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.
Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.
Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).
Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). - Footnote 117
-
Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 118
-
Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.
- Footnote 119
-
Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.
Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). - Footnote 120
-
Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.
Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). - Footnote 121
-
Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 122
-
Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 123
-
Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 124
-
Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:
- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 125
-
Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:
- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.
In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.
The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:
- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.
Receipts excluded from this income definition are:
- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 126
-
After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 127
-
Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 128
-
Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.
Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables. - Footnote 129
-
Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.
For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.
The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.
Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.
Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.
When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.
Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).
The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.
When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.
Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.
Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016192.
- Date modified: