Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Nova Scotia / Nouvelle-Écosse

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	908,340	876,320	27,725	1,795	2,505	28,625
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	908,340	876,315	27,725	1,790	2,500	28,620
0 to 14 years	133,590	129,890	2,050	585	1,070	2,340
0 to 4 years	41,915	40,460	660	165	630	740
5 to 9 years	45,955	44,745	690	220	300	795
10 to 14 years	45,725	44,680	705	200	140	805
15 to 64 years	601,035	580,995	17,855	1,060	1,120	18,385
15 to 19 years	51,095	49,980	850	165	100	930
20 to 24 years	55,430	54,080	1,140	115	90	1,205
25 to 29 years	53,305	51,880	1,270	60	95	1,300
30 to 34 years	51,355	49,770	1,360	105	120	1,420
35 to 39 years	51,690	49,935	1,485	125	135	1,550
40 to 44 years	56,615	54,645	1,655	150	155	1,735
45 to 49 years	61,405	59,225	1,965	110	100	2,025
50 to 54 years	75,070	72,130	2,720	85	130	2,765
55 to 59 years	75,785	72,860	2,760	75	90	2,795
60 to 64 years	69,290	66,495	2,640	65	95	2,665
65 years and over	173,715	165,435	7,825	145	310	7,900
65 to 69 years	62,965	60,160	2,665	35	110	2,680
70 to 74 years	44,100	41,960	2,030	60	50	2,065
75 to 79 years	31,005	29,530	1,375	30	70	1,390
80 to 84 years	19,805	18,815	945	15	30	955
85 years and over	15,840	14,965	810	10	55	815
85 to 89 years	10,620	10,030	545	10	30	550
90 to 94 years	4,135	3,905	220	0	10	215
95 to 99 years	1,025	975	45	0	10	45
100 years and over	55	60	0	0	0	0
Average age	43.0	42.8	50.7	30.6	29.6	not applicable ...
Median age	45.1	44.8	53.8	27.1	24.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	774,750	746,430	25,680	1,205	1,430	26,285
Married or living common law	452,360	433,510	17,185	685	990	17,525
Married	367,110	351,435	14,120	585	965	14,415
Living common law	85,250	82,075	3,060	95	20	3,110
Not married and not living common law	322,385	312,920	8,495	520	445	8,760
Never married	204,890	199,555	4,665	430	240	4,880
Separated	23,690	23,005	640	30	15	650
Divorced	47,645	46,290	1,270	45	45	1,290
Widowed	46,160	44,075	1,925	20	145	1,940
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	774,745	746,430	25,675	1,210	1,435	26,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	716,880	25,230	1,100	1,060	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	41,413	44,726	36,209	14,331	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,702	31,634	35,001	24,599	12,307	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	717,150	25,245	1,105	1,060	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	34,121	36,750	30,442	13,467	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,557	28,517	30,964	23,184	12,222	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	625,365	21,985	940	615	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	40,237	42,871	37,459	15,870	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,889	29,810	32,990	26,000	12,033	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,740	535,355	18,680	825	880	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	8,452	9,953	5,535	6,189	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,431	7,347	10,162	2,818	2,394	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,015	504,750	17,040	780	450	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	39,430	42,998	35,750	17,104	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,983	29,875	34,458	25,683	13,003	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	84.7	84.8	83.5	88.9	63.9	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	67.0	67.0	64.9	70.0	49.9	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	15.3	15.2	16.5	11.5	36.1	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	774,750	746,430	25,675	1,210	1,435	26,285
Without total income	30,475	29,550	450	105	370	500
With total income	744,275	716,880	25,235	1,105	1,060	25,785
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.0	98.3	91.3	73.9	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,435	101,265	2,450	265	455	2,580
$10,000 to $19,999	134,410	129,110	4,695	215	385	4,800
$20,000 to $29,999	115,810	111,815	3,755	140	100	3,825
$30,000 to $39,999	97,670	94,150	3,350	115	60	3,405
$40,000 to $49,999	79,015	76,400	2,515	65	30	2,550
$50,000 to $59,999	57,415	55,280	2,040	70	30	2,075
$60,000 to $69,999	41,245	39,380	1,830	35	0	1,845
$70,000 to $79,999	33,240	31,865	1,335	35	10	1,350
$80,000 to $89,999	25,245	24,115	1,065	60	10	1,095
$90,000 to $99,999	15,390	14,680	680	35	0	700
$100,000 and over	40,400	38,825	1,515	65	0	1,550
$100,000 to $149,999	28,220	27,090	1,085	50	0	1,110
$150,000 and over	12,180	11,735	430	15	0	435
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	774,750	746,430	25,680	1,205	1,430	26,285
Without after-tax income	30,190	29,280	430	105	370	485
With after-tax income	744,560	717,150	25,245	1,105	1,060	25,795
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	98.3	91.7	74.1	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	109,210	105,810	2,675	275	450	2,810
$10,000 to $19,999	142,525	137,025	4,885	220	400	4,990
$20,000 to $29,999	138,965	133,950	4,725	175	110	4,815
$30,000 to $39,999	119,090	115,060	3,855	110	65	3,915
$40,000 to $49,999	83,850	80,735	2,990	95	35	3,040
$50,000 to $59,999	56,360	53,960	2,360	40	0	2,375
$60,000 to $69,999	38,655	36,980	1,605	70	10	1,640
$70,000 to $79,999	21,050	20,125	875	45	0	900
$80,000 and over	34,855	33,505	1,280	70	0	1,310
$80,000 to $89,999	11,550	11,030	480	35	0	500
$90,000 to $99,999	6,905	6,655	230	20	0	240
$100,000 and over	16,400	15,820	565	15	0	575
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	774,745	746,430	25,680	1,205	1,435	26,280
Without employment income	251,735	241,680	8,640	430	985	8,850
With employment income	523,015	504,750	17,040	780	450	17,430
Percentage with employment income	67.5	67.6	66.4	64.7	31.4	66.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	73,275	70,790	2,235	155	105	2,310
$5,000 to $9,999	45,705	44,475	1,090	65	75	1,125
$10,000 to $19,999	76,120	73,600	2,270	115	130	2,325
$20,000 to $29,999	66,520	64,310	2,040	100	70	2,095
$30,000 to $39,999	60,520	58,515	1,900	75	25	1,940
$40,000 to $49,999	49,455	47,800	1,590	40	30	1,610
$50,000 to $59,999	37,670	36,260	1,340	65	10	1,370
$60,000 to $69,999	28,560	27,330	1,200	30	10	1,215
$70,000 to $79,999	25,045	24,060	950	35	0	965
$80,000 and over	60,140	57,610	2,425	100	0	2,475
$80,000 to $89,999	20,020	19,110	865	40	0	890
$90,000 to $99,999	11,555	11,015	510	25	0	525
$100,000 and over	28,570	27,490	1,045	35	0	1,060
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	774,750	746,435	25,680	1,205	1,435	26,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	245,420	237,070	7,905	305	140	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	47,665	47,470	53,744	53,897	22,514	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	56,820	56,719	60,306	58,427	27,077	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	908,340	876,320	27,725	1,790	2,505	28,625
English only	809,965	809,965	0	0	0	0
French only	685	0	685	0	0	685
English and French	95,055	66,225	27,040	1,790	0	27,940
Neither English nor French	2,640	130	0	0	2,500	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	908,340	876,320	27,730	1,795	2,505	28,625
English	860,445	847,175	13,275	0	0	13,275
French	14,095	710	13,385	0	0	13,385
Non-official language	22,420	18,935	70	910	2,500	520
Aboriginal	2,545	2,510	0	25	15	15
Non-Aboriginal	19,875	16,430	70	885	2,490	510
English and French	2,115	545	850	725	0	1,215
English and non-official language	8,920	8,870	40	0	0	45
French and non-official language	90	10	75	0	0	75
English, French and non-official language	255	70	30	155	0	105
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	908,340	876,320	27,730	1,795	2,505	28,625
None	859,035	839,945	15,670	1,135	2,280	16,240
English	16,760	10,040	6,075	465	180	6,305
French	15,885	10,165	5,685	25	10	5,705
Non-official language	15,830	15,545	195	50	40	220
Aboriginal	2,035	2,030	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	13,795	13,520	185	50	40	210
English and French	145	35	0	100	0	55
English and non-official language	190	145	45	0	0	45
French and non-official language	485	440	40	0	0	45
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	908,340	876,315	27,725	1,790	2,505	28,625
English	827,355	827,340	15	0	0	15
French	28,710	1,575	27,130	0	0	27,135
Non-official language	44,290	40,640	155	990	2,505	650
Aboriginal	4,195	4,150	0	25	15	15
Non-Aboriginal	40,095	36,490	155	960	2,490	635
English and French	3,480	2,530	240	715	0	600
English and non-official language	4,055	4,055	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	245	65	180	0	0	180
English, French and non-official language	210	115	0	90	0	50
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	908,340	876,320	27,725	1,790	2,500	28,620
Official languages	905,705	876,185	27,725	1,790	0	28,620
English	905,020	876,185	27,040	1,790	0	27,935
French	95,740	66,225	27,720	1,790	0	28,620
Non-official languages	64,105	59,030	1,425	1,140	2,500	2,000
Aboriginal languages	5,645	5,595	10	25	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,490	53,465	1,415	1,115	2,490	1,975
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	908,340	876,315	27,725	1,790	2,505	28,625
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	51,495	47,150	4,255	75	20	4,290
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	49,935	45,710	4,150	60	15	4,175
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	25,830	25,520	255	45	15	275
Métis	23,315	19,405	3,895	15	10	3,900
Inuk (Inuit)	795	790	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	835	760	75	0	0	80
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	720	680	30	10	0	40
Non-Aboriginal identity	856,845	829,170	23,470	1,725	2,485	24,335
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	908,340	876,320	27,725	1,795	2,505	28,620
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	18,935	18,450	435	40	15	455
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,400	857,870	27,295	1,745	2,485	28,170
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	908,340	876,320	27,725	1,790	2,500	28,625
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	15,055	14,565	445	30	15	460
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	14,780	14,290	435	30	20	450
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	12,000	11,900	60	25	10	75
Métis single ancestry	2,560	2,175	375	0	0	380
Inuit single ancestry	225	220	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	280	270	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	200	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	30	25	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	35	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	58,980	53,735	5,165	80	0	5,205
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	56,835	51,940	4,810	80	0	4,850
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,380	33,055	1,250	65	0	1,290
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	17,645	3,540	15	0	3,550
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	1,240	15	0	0	20
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	2,150	1,795	350	0	0	355
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,850	1,500	355	0	0	355
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	135	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	130	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	834,305	808,020	22,115	1,685	2,485	22,965
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	908,340	876,315	27,730	1,795	2,505	28,625
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	878,410	848,800	27,330	1,425	855	28,040
Canadian citizens only	863,085	834,435	26,780	1,110	760	27,335
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	15,325	14,365	550	320	95	705
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	29,930	27,515	400	365	1,650	580
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	908,340	876,315	27,725	1,795	2,505	28,620
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	842,760	814,810	26,530	965	460	27,010
Immigrants^Footnote 42	55,680	51,925	1,105	795	1,845	1,505
Before 1981	19,195	18,585	435	95	85	480
1981 to 1990	4,795	4,630	85	25	55	100
1991 to 2000	6,705	6,365	130	120	95	190
2001 to 2010	13,185	12,300	285	320	285	440
2001 to 2005	5,105	4,785	120	145	55	190
2006 to 2010	8,085	7,515	165	175	230	250
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	11,790	10,050	170	235	1,325	295
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	9,905	9,585	90	35	195	105
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	55,680	51,925	1,110	795	1,850	1,505
Under 5 years	7,285	6,780	120	105	275	175
5 to 14 years	10,445	9,805	140	130	365	210
15 to 24 years	10,170	9,695	245	80	145	290
25 to 44 years	22,975	21,475	500	420	580	710
45 years and over	4,800	4,160	105	55	485	130
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	55,680	51,925	1,110	800	1,845	1,505
Americas	10,610	10,185	235	130	60	295
Brazil	175	135	0	30	10	15
Colombia	175	170	10	10	0	0
El Salvador	90	90	0	0	0	0
Guyana	175	170	0	0	0	0
Haiti	55	25	30	0	0	30
Jamaica	480	485	0	0	0	0
Mexico	330	300	10	20	0	20
Peru	110	105	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	215	215	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	7,375	7,210	130	25	10	145
Other places of birth in Americas	1,425	1,275	60	45	50	85
Europe	22,110	21,255	540	210	110	640
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	195	0	10	10	10
Croatia	175	180	0	0	0	0
France	610	195	415	0	0	420
Germany	2,600	2,530	10	50	10	40
Greece	505	485	10	0	10	0
Hungary	110	105	0	10	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	475	470	0	0	0	0
Italy	525	510	10	0	10	10
Netherlands	1,645	1,610	10	25	0	25
Poland	630	600	0	10	15	0
Portugal	220	200	0	0	20	0
Romania	180	145	15	10	10	20
Russian Federation	590	575	0	10	10	10
Serbia^Footnote 49	90	85	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	340	330	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	11,275	11,265	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	1,785	70	50	25	95
Africa	3,525	3,055	245	180	55	335
Algeria	30	10	10	10	0	15
Egypt	765	675	35	50	10	60
Ethiopia	185	170	0	0	15	0
Kenya	125	120	0	0	10	0
Morocco	85	20	45	15	0	55
Nigeria	350	345	0	10	0	0
Somalia	60	60	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	460	460	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,465	1,195	155	90	25	195
Asia	18,955	16,960	80	285	1,625	225
Afghanistan	100	80	0	0	20	0
Bangladesh	315	300	0	10	0	0
China^Footnote 51	2,830	2,475	10	25	320	20
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	280	265	0	0	20	0
India	2,225	2,200	0	0	25	0
Iran^Footnote 53	970	910	0	15	40	10
Iraq	530	505	0	10	20	0
Japan	230	220	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	870	790	0	20	65	10
Lebanon	1,370	1,145	65	125	35	120
Pakistan	610	595	0	15	10	10
Philippines	2,570	2,560	0	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	310	310	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	1,150	395	0	20	730	15
Taiwan	225	215	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	445	400	0	0	45	0
Other places of birth in Asia	3,925	3,595	15	30	295	25
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	480	465	10	0	0	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	11,790	10,050	175	240	1,325	295
Americas	1,390	1,275	20	55	40	45
Brazil	90	70	0	15	0	10
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	70	50	0	15	0	10
Haiti	20	0	10	0	0	15
Jamaica	190	190	0	0	0	0
Mexico	105	90	0	15	0	10
United States^Footnote 58	610	600	0	0	10	10
Venezuela^Footnote 59	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	280	240	10	0	30	10
Europe	2,210	2,070	80	45	15	105
France	110	40	65	0	0	70
Germany	215	205	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	75	70	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	25	25	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	40	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	175	170	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	140	140	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	1,080	1,075	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	355	315	10	25	10	20
Africa	1,085	895	70	75	45	105
Algeria	15	10	10	10	0	10
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	15	15	0	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	200	185	0	15	10	10
Eritrea	70	45	0	0	25	0
Ethiopia	50	30	0	0	15	0
Morocco	30	0	20	10	0	25
Nigeria	200	200	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	75	80	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	365	315	15	30	10	30
Asia	7,035	5,745	0	60	1,225	35
Afghanistan	20	20	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	80	80	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	985	805	0	10	175	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	900	890	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 65	260	240	0	10	10	10
Iraq	245	230	0	0	10	0
Israel	275	265	0	0	10	0
Japan	70	65	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	225	220	0	0	0	10
Lebanon	75	40	0	30	0	15
Nepal	185	165	0	0	20	0
Pakistan	145	130	0	10	0	0
Philippines	1,500	1,500	0	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	125	120	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	100	100	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	890	165	0	0	725	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	105	80	0	0	15	0
United Arab Emirates	70	70	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	65	60	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	715	490	0	0	220	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	70	60	10	0	0	10
Australia	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	40	30	10	0	0	10
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	908,340	876,315	27,725	1,790	2,505	28,625
First generation^Footnote 71	70,310	66,055	1,330	855	2,070	1,755
Second generation^Footnote 72	69,125	67,375	1,050	330	365	1,215
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	768,905	742,885	25,345	605	60	25,650
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	37,000	33,835	675	700	1,790	1,025
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	21,830	20,600	380	490	360	625
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	8,710	8,185	190	215	120	295
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	13,115	12,410	195	280	235	330
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	10,415	9,760	220	125	315	280
Refugees^Footnote 79	4,515	3,255	65	95	1,105	115
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	235	220	0	0	15	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	908,340	876,315	27,730	1,795	2,500	28,620
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	58,650	55,330	650	620	2,045	965
South Asian^Footnote 83	7,905	7,605	40	35	230	60
Chinese	8,645	8,140	25	45	430	45
Black	21,910	21,355	360	130	60	430
Filipino	3,400	3,375	10	15	0	10
Latin American	1,685	1,550	25	90	30	65
Arab	8,110	6,775	140	200	995	245
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	1,195	1,115	10	15	60	15
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,545	1,420	0	30	90	15
Korean	1,540	1,420	10	25	85	20
Japanese	700	650	0	25	25	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	630	585	15	0	30	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,385	1,340	25	10	15	30
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	849,690	820,990	27,075	1,170	455	27,660
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	908,340	876,320	27,725	1,790	2,505	28,620
North American Aboriginal origins	74,040	68,300	5,610	105	20	5,665
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,640	46,860	1,680	90	20	1,720
Inuit	1,840	1,825	20	0	0	15
Métis	26,025	21,720	4,275	15	0	4,285
Other North American origins	410,825	392,395	17,860	485	85	18,100
Acadian	23,700	16,840	6,665	195	0	6,765
American	7,515	7,370	135	0	0	140
Canadian	387,360	374,025	12,945	310	80	13,100
New Brunswicker	40	35	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,745	1,735	0	10	0	10
Nova Scotian	1,290	1,270	10	10	0	15
Ontarian	95	80	10	0	0	10
Québécois	380	195	165	20	0	170
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	20	20	0	0	0	0
European origins	621,525	602,385	17,875	920	345	18,335
British Isles origins	513,725	509,170	4,150	375	35	4,335
Channel Islander	90	85	0	0	0	0
Cornish	105	110	0	0	0	0
English	262,375	260,405	1,755	195	20	1,850
Irish	195,870	193,575	2,140	150	0	2,215
Manx	145	145	0	0	0	0
Scottish	272,885	271,810	920	120	30	980
Welsh	17,135	17,085	45	10	0	45
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	18,975	18,865	105	10	0	105
French origins	149,665	132,580	16,670	405	0	16,880
Alsatian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Breton	20	0	15	0	0	10
Corsican	20	20	0	0	0	0
French	149,625	132,555	16,665	410	0	16,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	125,110	124,000	750	235	125	870
Austrian	1,775	1,760	10	0	0	10
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	2,615	2,425	185	15	0	190
Dutch	32,045	31,835	100	70	45	135
Flemish	160	160	0	0	0	0
Frisian	50	50	0	0	0	0
German	97,550	96,915	395	150	100	470
Luxembourger	30	25	0	0	0	0
Swiss	2,710	2,610	90	10	0	90
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	135	125	10	0	0	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,980	14,885	55	40	0	75
Danish	3,700	3,670	20	10	0	25
Finnish	1,135	1,125	0	15	0	0
Icelandic	665	650	10	10	0	10
Norwegian	5,170	5,150	20	0	0	20
Swedish	3,565	3,565	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,365	1,350	10	10	0	15
Eastern European origins	29,685	29,155	260	150	120	335
Bulgarian	280	275	0	0	10	0
Byelorussian	190	180	0	0	15	0
Czech	1,160	1,150	10	10	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	420	420	0	0	0	0
Estonian	345	345	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,700	2,660	30	10	0	35
Latvian	385	365	0	20	0	10
Lithuanian	1,150	1,150	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	11,575	11,410	90	50	20	120
Romanian	1,190	1,125	45	20	10	55
Russian	4,775	4,615	55	25	80	65
Slovak	610	610	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	9,115	8,990	65	35	25	80
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	310	295	15	0	0	15
Southern European origins	28,680	27,945	435	200	105	535
Albanian	285	280	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	145	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	685	670	10	10	0	10
Cypriot	40	40	0	0	0	0
Greek	3,360	3,290	35	20	15	45
Italian	15,620	15,260	295	55	15	320
Kosovar	260	235	0	0	20	0
Macedonian	165	165	10	0	0	10
Maltese	440	435	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	20	20	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,575	3,510	15	20	30	25
Serbian	255	250	0	0	0	10
Sicilian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	150	155	0	0	0	0
Spanish	4,295	4,080	100	100	15	150
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	405	395	0	10	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	90	85	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	5,465	5,320	110	10	25	110
Basque	160	135	20	0	0	20
Jewish	2,040	1,985	25	0	25	25
Roma (Gypsy)	130	135	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	3,145	3,070	70	10	0	70
Caribbean origins	5,220	5,085	115	10	0	120
Antiguan	105	100	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	230	225	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	575	570	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	185	180	0	0	0	0
Carib	40	40	0	0	0	10
Cuban	345	320	10	10	0	15
Dominican	150	145	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	120	55	65	0	0	65
Jamaican	2,075	2,075	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	50	45	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	10	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	115	115	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	325	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	35	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	790	790	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	325	300	25	0	0	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,055	2,860	40	115	40	100
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	190	180	0	10	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Belizean	25	20	0	0	10	0
Bolivian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	280	230	0	35	15	20
Chilean	125	125	0	10	0	10
Colombian	435	400	10	15	10	20
Costa Rican	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	50	40	0	10	0	0
Guatemalan	90	95	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	355	350	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	60	55	0	0	10	0
Honduran	55	50	0	0	0	0
Maya	70	60	0	10	0	10
Mexican	810	750	10	40	10	30
Nicaraguan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	180	160	10	10	10	15
Salvadorean	105	105	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	80	80	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	185	170	0	10	0	10
African origins	17,655	16,865	460	220	110	575
Central and West African origins	1,335	1,100	155	75	15	190
Akan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	15	0	15	0	0	15
Burkinabe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	70	35	20	15	0	25
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	175	105	50	25	0	55
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	10	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	185	180	10	0	0	0
Guinean	30	25	0	0	0	0
Ibo	90	80	0	0	10	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malinké	15	15	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	445	420	0	20	0	10
Peulh	10	0	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	80	80	0	0	0	0
Togolese	70	50	0	15	0	15
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	65	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	120	80	25	0	10	30
North African origins	2,025	1,735	165	80	45	200
Algerian	80	60	15	0	0	20
Berber	70	30	25	10	10	30
Coptic	30	25	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,295	1,170	65	40	25	85
Libyan	220	200	0	0	10	0
Maure	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	130	75	40	15	0	50
Sudanese	125	125	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	60	20	30	15	0	40
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	85	75	10	10	0	10
Southern and East African origins	1,865	1,755	40	25	50	50
Afrikaner	25	25	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	160	125	0	0	35	0
Ethiopian	280	265	0	10	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	160	150	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	15	0	10	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	30	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	100	75	20	10	0	25
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	180	180	0	0	0	0
South African	520	510	10	0	0	10
Tanzanian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Zambian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	95	100	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	170	150	0	0	20	0
Other African origins	12,620	12,420	130	55	10	160
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	2,255	2,230	15	15	0	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	10,460	10,290	120	45	10	140
Asian origins	42,495	39,680	350	465	2,000	580
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	17,205	15,535	215	310	1,150	370
Afghan	230	210	0	0	25	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,600	1,490	25	15	70	40
Armenian	270	235	15	15	0	25
Assyrian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,405	1,315	10	20	65	15
Iraqi	595	575	0	0	20	10
Israeli	240	230	0	0	15	0
Jordanian	260	260	0	10	0	0
Kazakh	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kurd	230	220	0	0	15	0
Kuwaiti	245	235	0	0	10	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	7,445	7,070	155	180	40	245
Palestinian	995	950	0	35	10	15
Pashtun	30	30	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	725	700	0	0	30	0
Syrian	2,190	1,340	15	45	790	40
Tajik	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tatar	35	35	0	0	0	0
Turk	690	650	0	0	30	10
Turkmen	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uighur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	90	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	205	190	0	0	15	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	780	710	0	15	45	10
South Asian origins	8,500	8,180	45	40	230	60
Bangladeshi	245	230	0	15	0	0
Bengali	65	70	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	225	140	0	0	85	0
East Indian	6,260	6,160	40	15	40	50
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	425	290	0	0	135	0
Pakistani	665	650	0	10	10	10
Punjabi	225	215	0	0	0	10
Sinhalese	40	40	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	340	330	10	0	0	10
Tamil	60	60	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	470	465	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,715	15,910	85	110	615	135
Burmese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	40	10	0	0	10
Chinese	9,695	9,175	50	30	440	65
Filipino	3,580	3,560	0	15	0	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	140	140	0	0	0	0
Japanese	900	850	0	25	30	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,585	1,465	0	25	90	20
Laotian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	75	70	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	240	230	10	0	0	15
Thai	240	230	10	0	10	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	760	700	20	0	40	20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	75	75	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	410	385	10	10	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	410	385	10	15	0	10
Oceania origins	895	860	35	0	0	35
Australian	490	480	10	0	0	10
New Zealander	290	290	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	125	100	25	0	0	25
Fijian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Maori	45	40	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	25	20	10	0	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	774,750	746,430	25,675	1,205	1,435	26,280
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	146,935	5,745	215	810	5,850
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	195,905	190,565	4,850	185	305	4,940
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425,145	408,935	15,080	805	315	15,485
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	73,535	3,140	95	35	3,185
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	42,625	40,685	1,870	65	10	1,905
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	34,185	32,855	1,270	30	25	1,285
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	162,595	5,960	130	110	6,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	17,590	745	35	15	765
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	155,210	5,235	550	155	5,510
Bachelor's degree	108,385	104,630	3,420	230	105	3,535
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,490	9,130	315	35	10	340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,705	4,520	135	20	35	140
Master's degree	32,640	31,315	1,125	190	10	1,220
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	5,925	5,615	240	75	0	275
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	774,750	746,430	25,675	1,210	1,430	26,280
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	349,610	337,495	10,595	395	1,120	10,795
Education	31,395	29,705	1,580	80	25	1,620
13. Education	31,390	29,705	1,580	80	25	1,620
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	10,330	335	35	10	355
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,065	1,995	70	0	0	70
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	8,335	265	25	0	280
Humanities	18,830	18,115	615	85	20	655
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	1,030	120	25	0	135
23. English language and literature/letters	5,110	5,005	100	0	0	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	4,420	110	10	0	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	65	65	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,240	1,200	25	0	10	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,205	2,150	40	10	0	45
54. History	3,615	3,525	85	0	0	90
55. French language and literature/letters	875	720	125	30	0	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,155	38,935	1,090	100	40	1,135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	635	590	25	15	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,290	3,190	100	0	0	100
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,115	8,855	235	10	15	240
22. Legal professions and studies	6,105	5,920	175	0	10	175
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	605	580	25	0	0	25
42. Psychology	8,170	7,920	225	15	10	230
45. Social sciences	12,235	11,870	305	50	15	325
Business, management and public administration	93,075	89,720	3,200	100	55	3,250
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	190	10	0	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,280	6,040	230	10	0	235
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,590	83,485	2,960	90	50	3,005
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,335	14,755	515	65	0	545
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,910	6,635	235	30	0	250
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	3,260	70	10	0	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	160	145	15	0	0	20
40. Physical sciences	4,260	4,060	180	15	0	185
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	650	15	0	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,745	15,240	450	40	15	475
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	12,335	375	35	0	390
25. Library science	1,210	1,175	30	10	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	1,545	30	0	10	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	195	185	10	0	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,915	89,080	3,615	155	65	3,695
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	1,320	35	15	0	45
14. Engineering	11,925	11,460	380	75	15	420
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,805	16,900	865	10	25	875
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,800	23,930	845	20	10	855
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	24,435	985	35	10	1,000
48. Precision production	11,550	11,030	500	10	0	510
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,630	7,440	180	10	0	185
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	4,115	85	10	10	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,415	3,325	90	0	0	90
Health and related fields	66,770	64,610	1,995	120	50	2,055
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,560	3,460	90	0	0	95
51. Health professions and related programs	61,750	59,745	1,860	105	45	1,915
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	1,405	45	10	0	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,535	30,965	1,510	35	25	1,530
12. Personal and culinary services	17,630	16,775	810	15	30	820
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	245	220	20	0	0	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	850	55	0	0	55
43. Security and protective services	4,535	4,405	135	0	0	130
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	8,715	490	20	0	500
Other	50	50	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	774,750	746,435	25,680	1,205	1,435	26,280
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	349,610	337,495	10,595	400	1,120	10,795
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	425,140	408,935	15,080	805	315	15,490
Location of study inside Canada	396,690	381,735	14,470	455	25	14,705
Same as province or territory of residence	315,140	305,100	9,735	285	20	9,880
Different than province or territory of residence	81,550	76,630	4,735	175	10	4,825
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	28,450	27,200	610	345	290	785
United States^Footnote 130	7,950	7,790	145	15	0	155
Philippines	1,530	1,525	0	0	0	0
India	1,755	1,745	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	5,525	5,465	55	0	0	55
China^Footnote 132	1,080	985	0	0	90	10
France	355	80	245	20	0	260
Other	10,255	9,610	165	295	190	310
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	774,750	746,435	25,675	1,205	1,435	not applicable ...
In the labour force	474,595	458,250	15,185	795	365	not applicable ...
Employed	427,315	412,280	14,045	705	280	not applicable ...
Unemployed	47,280	45,965	1,145	85	85	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	300,155	288,180	10,495	410	1,065	not applicable ...
Participation rate	61.3	61.4	59.1	66.0	25.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	55.2	55.2	54.7	58.5	19.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.0	7.5	10.7	23.3	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	774,750	746,435	25,680	1,205	1,435	26,280
Did not work^Footnote 135	274,375	263,350	9,610	410	1,015	9,810
Worked	500,375	483,080	16,070	795	425	16,470
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	252,820	244,270	8,055	335	160	8,220
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	247,550	238,810	8,020	460	260	8,250
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.6	41.6	40.7	39.9	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	514,075	496,370	16,415	835	460	16,830
a.Management	48,380	46,775	1,475	85	45	1,515
00 Senior management occupations	4,525	4,380	125	10	10	135
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	16,395	15,690	665	35	10	680
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	17,975	17,535	395	20	20	405
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	9,485	9,165	275	30	10	290
b.Professional	85,635	82,380	2,935	290	20	3,080
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	14,045	13,710	315	25	0	325
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,995	13,525	430	40	10	445
30 Professional occupations in nursing	11,005	10,760	235	10	0	240
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	8,175	7,855	260	50	10	285
40 Professional occupations in education services	20,515	19,275	1,085	140	10	1,160
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	12,785	12,390	385	10	0	385
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	5,110	4,860	225	25	0	235
c.Technical and paraprofessional	56,115	53,880	2,165	60	15	2,190
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	15,415	14,835	570	15	0	575
32 Technical occupations in health	11,285	10,970	300	10	10	305
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	10,785	10,445	310	25	10	320
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	8,610	7,925	685	0	0	685
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,020	9,705	295	15	0	300
d.Administration and administrative support	60,320	58,285	1,930	75	25	1,970
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	24,720	23,730	950	35	10	970
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	5,330	5,140	185	10	0	190
14 Office support occupations	21,850	21,195	620	25	20	630
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	8,415	8,230	170	15	10	180
e.Sales	52,735	51,370	1,270	75	25	1,305
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	9,935	9,580	350	10	0	350
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	22,560	21,970	535	45	15	555
66 Sales support occupations	20,240	19,825	380	30	10	395
f.Personal and customer information services	96,665	93,550	2,685	160	270	2,765
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	9,910	9,585	295	30	10	310
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	11,460	11,095	340	20	10	350
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	17,220	16,495	580	15	130	590
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	26,085	25,340	680	55	10	710
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	31,985	31,030	790	45	125	810
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	39,580	38,415	1,120	25	10	1,135
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	25,565	24,800	735	25	10	745
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	14,015	13,620	385	10	10	390
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	33,990	33,055	885	30	20	900
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	6,535	6,405	125	0	0	125
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	19,840	19,180	620	20	20	635
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	7,610	7,470	135	0	0	140
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	21,250	20,030	1,200	10	10	1,200
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	9,495	8,685	805	0	0	810
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	6,395	6,105	275	10	10	280
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	5,355	5,240	120	0	0	120
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,415	18,625	760	20	15	765
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	3,275	3,175	85	15	0	90
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,710	6,380	325	0	0	325
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,755	2,680	75	0	0	80
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	6,675	6,390	270	10	10	275
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	514,075	496,365	16,415	830	460	16,835
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	20,240	18,960	1,240	15	20	1,245
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	7,785	7,620	130	10	25	135
113 Forestry and logging	1,395	1,350	45	0	0	45
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10,205	9,145	1,050	0	0	1,055
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	855	840	15	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,450	4,405	40	10	0	45
211 Oil and gas extraction	1,330	1,315	15	0	0	15
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,050	1,040	10	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	2,075	2,045	20	0	0	25
22 Utilities	3,070	3,035	35	0	0	35
221 Utilities	3,070	3,035	35	0	0	30
23 Construction	36,535	35,610	885	35	0	905
236 Construction of buildings	9,325	9,025	270	25	0	280
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	5,870	5,760	110	0	0	110
238 Specialty trade contractors	21,345	20,825	505	10	0	510
31-33 Manufacturing	35,155	33,675	1,425	30	30	1,435
311 Food manufacturing	9,840	9,075	755	10	0	755
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	1,040	1,000	30	0	10	35
313 Textile mills	235	240	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	445	430	15	0	0	15
315 Clothing manufacturing	645	640	0	0	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	290	265	20	0	0	20
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,710	1,670	35	0	0	40
322 Paper manufacturing	1,410	1,375	35	0	0	35
323 Printing and related support activities	1,050	1,035	15	0	0	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	520	520	0	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	675	650	20	10	0	20
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	4,860	4,770	80	0	0	80
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	935	905	30	0	0	30
331 Primary metal manufacturing	425	415	15	0	0	15
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,185	2,155	30	0	0	30
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,235	1,185	40	0	10	40
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,085	1,080	0	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	500	495	10	0	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	4,345	4,085	260	0	0	260
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	730	720	10	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	985	970	10	10	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	14,220	13,830	355	25	10	370
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	125	115	10	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	550	545	0	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	3,090	2,985	95	0	0	100
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,195	1,150	30	15	0	40
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,015	995	20	0	0	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,080	2,050	35	0	0	35
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,975	3,870	95	10	0	100
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,725	1,685	40	0	0	35
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	460	440	20	0	0	20
44-45 Retail trade	65,865	64,200	1,510	105	45	1,565
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	7,605	7,435	175	0	0	175
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,730	1,695	35	0	0	35
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,405	1,385	20	0	0	20
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	5,155	5,025	115	0	0	120
445 Food and beverage stores	17,575	17,115	380	50	35	405
446 Health and personal care stores	7,050	6,840	180	35	0	195
447 Gasoline stations	2,870	2,780	95	0	0	95
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,290	5,170	110	10	0	115
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,275	2,215	55	0	0	55
452 General merchandise stores	8,175	7,970	200	0	0	205
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	4,645	4,535	105	0	0	105
454 Non-store retailers	2,075	2,030	45	10	0	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,535	20,825	670	25	10	685
481 Air transportation	2,050	1,950	100	0	0	100
482 Rail transportation	270	220	50	0	0	50
483 Water transportation	1,105	1,070	35	0	0	30
484 Truck transportation	5,580	5,455	125	0	0	120
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	3,140	3,010	115	10	10	120
486 Pipeline transportation	40	40	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	190	180	10	0	0	10
488 Support activities for transportation	4,310	4,215	90	0	0	95
491 Postal service	2,505	2,400	105	0	0	105
492 Couriers and messengers	1,360	1,330	30	0	0	30
493 Warehousing and storage	980	960	15	10	0	20
51 Information and cultural industries	10,135	9,855	255	15	10	260
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,555	1,515	35	0	10	35
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,895	1,850	40	0	0	45
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	910	870	40	0	0	40
517 Telecommunications	3,705	3,640	60	0	0	60
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	295	300	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	1,770	1,680	80	10	0	80
52 Finance and insurance	16,155	15,540	590	20	0	600
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	7,140	6,850	270	20	0	280
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,240	2,200	40	0	0	45
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	6,645	6,365	280	0	0	285
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	120	120	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,615	7,410	185	25	0	200
531 Real estate	6,420	6,215	180	25	0	190
532 Rental and leasing services	1,175	1,170	10	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	20	20	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,490	27,660	760	40	30	780
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,490	27,660	760	40	30	780
55 Management of companies and enterprises	680	660	15	0	0	20
551 Management of companies and enterprises	675	660	15	0	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25,355	24,670	590	45	60	610
561 Administrative and support services	23,495	22,820	570	45	60	590
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,865	1,845	15	0	0	20
61 Educational services	39,420	37,420	1,810	170	15	1,895
611 Educational services	39,425	37,425	1,810	170	15	1,895
62 Health care and social assistance	69,765	67,980	1,650	110	30	1,705
621 Ambulatory health care services	18,915	18,440	435	40	10	450
622 Hospitals	22,260	21,785	440	30	10	455
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	16,425	15,965	440	15	0	445
624 Social assistance	12,170	11,795	345	25	10	355
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,430	11,005	405	20	0	415
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,200	3,110	85	10	0	90
712 Heritage institutions	1,655	1,510	135	10	0	140
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	6,575	6,380	180	0	0	185
72 Accommodation and food services	38,130	37,060	855	55	165	880
721 Accommodation services	6,680	6,415	220	10	35	225
722 Food services and drinking places	31,450	30,640	630	45	135	655
81 Other services (except public administration)	21,450	20,750	630	40	30	650
811 Repair and maintenance	6,680	6,495	175	0	0	180
812 Personal and laundry services	7,100	6,840	240	10	15	245
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,225	6,030	165	30	10	180
814 Private households	1,435	1,385	45	0	10	50
91 Public administration	44,380	41,815	2,505	55	10	2,530
911 Federal government public administration	26,860	24,660	2,155	40	10	2,175
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,110	9,870	235	10	0	240
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	6,810	6,695	115	0	0	115
914 Aboriginal public administration	510	505	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	85	85	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	427,315	412,285	14,040	705	280	14,395
Worked at home	28,080	27,130	865	55	30	890
Worked outside Canada	1,665	1,590	55	10	15	60
No fixed workplace address	51,545	49,565	1,875	85	25	1,920
Worked at usual place	346,020	334,000	11,250	565	215	11,530
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	514,075	496,365	16,415	835	460	16,835
English	502,965	491,295	10,890	580	200	11,175
French	6,140	1,615	4,445	75	0	4,480
Non-official language	1,705	1,420	0	35	245	20
Aboriginal	650	645	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,055	775	0	30	245	15
English and French	2,295	1,090	1,085	125	0	1,145
English and non-official language	930	910	0	0	15	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	35	0	10	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	514,075	496,370	16,415	830	460	16,830
None	491,880	482,615	8,225	620	415	8,540
English	5,110	2,045	2,985	65	15	3,015
French	13,405	8,175	5,125	105	0	5,180
Non-official language	3,430	3,310	45	35	25	70
Aboriginal	855	850	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	2,575	2,460	45	35	25	65
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	235	210	20	10	0	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,025	334,000	11,250	565	210	11,530
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,005	241,815	8,505	475	205	8,745
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,505	55,950	1,510	45	0	1,535
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	31,095	1,100	35	10	1,115
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	5,140	135	10	0	135
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	397,570	383,560	13,120	645	235	13,445
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	299,045	10,735	370	100	10,915
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,150	28,245	795	70	45	830
Public transit	25,315	24,460	680	120	55	735
Walked	24,870	24,100	665	75	30	700
Bicycle	2,480	2,395	70	10	10	75
Other method	5,515	5,320	185	10	10	190
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	397,570	383,565	13,120	645	235	13,445
Less than 15 minutes	136,250	130,990	5,030	155	80	5,105
15 to 29 minutes	145,310	140,195	4,725	315	85	4,880
30 to 44 minutes	69,795	67,525	2,120	115	35	2,175
45 to 59 minutes	24,405	23,630	725	35	20	740
60 minutes and over	21,810	21,230	535	35	15	550
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	397,565	383,565	13,125	640	235	13,445
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,780	23,025	730	25	0	740
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	76,185	73,510	2,575	90	15	2,620
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	119,920	115,060	4,640	180	50	4,720
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	83,500	80,685	2,600	185	25	2,695
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,465	34,410	900	75	85	935
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	58,715	56,870	1,685	100	55	1,735
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	900,450	868,740	27,620	1,745	2,355	28,490
Non-movers	792,100	764,800	24,810	1,410	1,085	25,515
Movers	108,350	103,945	2,810	335	1,265	2,975
Non-migrants	68,165	66,230	1,560	205	170	1,660
Migrants	40,190	37,715	1,250	130	1,095	1,310
Internal migrants	33,715	32,445	1,155	75	40	1,190
Intraprovincial migrants	18,480	18,065	380	20	15	390
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	14,380	775	60	30	805
External migrants	6,470	5,265	95	55	1,055	120
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	866,425	835,855	27,070	1,625	1,875	27,885
Non-movers	582,710	561,815	19,540	890	465	19,985
Movers	283,720	274,040	7,530	740	1,410	7,900
Non-migrants	169,570	165,660	3,495	260	155	3,630
Migrants	114,150	108,385	4,035	475	1,255	4,270
Internal migrants	94,885	90,845	3,750	235	50	3,865
Intraprovincial migrants	50,330	49,155	1,115	35	20	1,130
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	41,690	2,635	200	25	2,735
External migrants	19,265	17,540	285	240	1,205	405

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Nova Scotia / Nouvelle-Écosse

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.