Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Fredericton, C

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	56,990	52,085	4,010	280	610	4,150
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	56,990	52,085	4,015	275	615	4,150
0 to 14 years	8,650	7,730	575	110	235	635
0 to 4 years	3,005	2,690	185	10	125	190
5 to 9 years	2,830	2,550	160	40	80	180
10 to 14 years	2,810	2,490	230	60	25	265
15 to 64 years	38,715	35,335	2,880	160	340	2,960
15 to 19 years	3,235	3,000	165	50	20	190
20 to 24 years	5,125	4,805	265	20	25	275
25 to 29 years	4,340	4,060	250	10	20	255
30 to 34 years	4,000	3,565	375	15	45	385
35 to 39 years	3,705	3,330	345	0	30	340
40 to 44 years	3,605	3,315	230	15	45	240
45 to 49 years	3,675	3,255	340	0	85	340
50 to 54 years	3,875	3,545	300	10	20	305
55 to 59 years	3,655	3,240	370	25	20	385
60 to 64 years	3,500	3,220	240	15	25	250
65 years and over	9,625	9,025	555	0	35	560
65 to 69 years	3,185	2,970	205	0	10	205
70 to 74 years	2,355	2,205	145	0	10	145
75 to 79 years	1,810	1,710	90	0	10	85
80 to 84 years	1,235	1,145	75	0	20	80
85 years and over	1,045	1,005	40	0	0	40
85 to 89 years	705	670	40	0	0	40
90 to 94 years	280	280	0	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	50	50	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	40.4	40.6	40.9	25.0	29.0	not applicable ...
Median age	39.3	39.3	41.1	17.6	29.6	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	48,335	44,355	3,440	165	380	3,520
Married or living common law	26,940	24,430	2,120	75	320	2,160
Married	21,770	19,730	1,665	60	320	1,695
Living common law	5,170	4,700	455	15	0	465
Not married and not living common law	21,395	19,930	1,315	95	60	1,365
Never married	14,395	13,380	890	85	40	935
Separated	1,540	1,440	95	0	0	95
Divorced	3,115	2,900	205	0	0	210
Widowed	2,345	2,205	125	10	10	125
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	48,340	44,360	3,435	170	375	3,520
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,975	42,300	3,325	125	220	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,116	42,523	52,679	41,855	13,503	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,694	32,806	49,577	19,251	9,902	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,985	42,310	3,320	130	220	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,905	35,485	42,850	34,781	12,560	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,396	29,657	41,951	19,251	9,902	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	41,930	38,490	3,185	125	130	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,642	40,990	50,663	40,450	15,460	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,509	30,590	47,257	18,995	10,151	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,490	30,330	1,945	60	155	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,270	7,294	7,106	0	6,086	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,518	5,630	5,004	0	2,500	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	33,875	31,010	2,690	95	85	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,463	39,683	49,935	46,074	19,667	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,003	29,648	47,616	20,862	14,439	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.1	87.7	92.1	96.6	70.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	69.1	68.4	76.7	80.4	59.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.9	12.3	7.9	0.0	31.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	48,335	44,355	3,435	165	375	3,520
Without total income	2,365	2,055	110	40	155	130
With total income	45,975	42,300	3,325	125	225	3,385
Percentage with total income	95.1	95.4	96.8	75.8	60.0	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,260	5,865	255	too unreliable to be published F	115	270
$10,000 to $19,999	7,995	7,530	360	too unreliable to be published F	65	380
$20,000 to $29,999	6,660	6,270	355	too unreliable to be published F	30	360
$30,000 to $39,999	5,450	5,135	310	too unreliable to be published F	10	310
$40,000 to $49,999	4,855	4,430	400	too unreliable to be published F	0	410
$50,000 to $59,999	3,695	3,250	440	too unreliable to be published F	0	440
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905	2,540	360	too unreliable to be published F	0	360
$70,000 to $79,999	2,370	2,125	245	too unreliable to be published F	0	240
$80,000 to $89,999	1,670	1,435	235	too unreliable to be published F	0	235
$90,000 to $99,999	1,110	1,015	95	too unreliable to be published F	0	95
$100,000 and over	3,010	2,710	270	too unreliable to be published F	10	280
$100,000 to $149,999	2,120	1,890	215	too unreliable to be published F	10	225
$150,000 and over	880	825	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	55
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	48,340	44,355	3,435	170	380	3,515
Without after-tax income	2,355	2,045	115	40	155	135
With after-tax income	45,990	42,310	3,325	125	225	3,385
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.4	96.8	73.5	59.2	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,545	6,135	265	too unreliable to be published F	110	280
$10,000 to $19,999	8,335	7,850	385	too unreliable to be published F	65	405
$20,000 to $29,999	7,840	7,385	415	too unreliable to be published F	35	420
$30,000 to $39,999	6,905	6,400	475	too unreliable to be published F	10	490
$40,000 to $49,999	5,445	4,810	630	too unreliable to be published F	0	630
$50,000 to $59,999	3,800	3,385	415	too unreliable to be published F	0	415
$60,000 to $69,999	2,815	2,475	340	too unreliable to be published F	0	340
$70,000 to $79,999	1,520	1,350	165	too unreliable to be published F	0	170
$80,000 and over	2,780	2,525	230	too unreliable to be published F	0	240
$80,000 to $89,999	955	845	100	too unreliable to be published F	0	105
$90,000 to $99,999	540	500	40	too unreliable to be published F	0	40
$100,000 and over	1,280	1,180	90	too unreliable to be published F	0	95
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	48,335	44,360	3,435	170	375	3,520
Without employment income	14,465	13,350	750	70	290	785
With employment income	33,880	31,010	2,690	95	85	2,735
Percentage with employment income	70.1	69.9	78.3	55.9	22.7	77.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,145	3,895	220	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	225
$5,000 to $9,999	3,030	2,830	175	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	180
$10,000 to $19,999	5,035	4,720	260	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	275
$20,000 to $29,999	4,360	4,135	215	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	215
$30,000 to $39,999	3,460	3,240	210	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	215
$40,000 to $49,999	3,360	2,975	365	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	375
$50,000 to $59,999	2,455	2,190	255	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	260
$60,000 to $69,999	1,985	1,710	275	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	275
$70,000 to $79,999	1,760	1,540	215	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	215
$80,000 and over	4,285	3,770	490	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	505
$80,000 to $89,999	1,260	1,050	215	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	210
$90,000 to $99,999	830	745	90	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$100,000 and over	2,190	1,975	190	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	195
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	48,340	44,360	3,440	170	375	3,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	17,145	15,485	1,610	35	15	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	49,467	48,451	59,221	0	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	57,984	57,420	63,302	0	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	56,990	52,085	4,015	275	615	4,150
English only	42,930	42,930	0	0	0	0
French only	200	0	205	0	0	205
English and French	13,240	9,150	3,810	280	0	3,950
Neither English nor French	615	0	0	0	615	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	56,990	52,085	4,015	275	615	4,155
English	50,125	48,585	1,540	0	0	1,540
French	2,245	55	2,195	0	0	2,195
Non-official language	3,420	2,560	35	215	615	145
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,415	2,555	35	215	610	145
English and French	315	75	200	45	0	220
English and non-official language	815	810	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	0	25	0	0	25
English, French and non-official language	40	0	20	20	0	30
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	56,990	52,085	4,010	275	615	4,150
None	50,925	48,240	2,020	165	495	2,100
English	2,245	1,030	1,085	65	65	1,115
French	2,225	1,425	805	0	0	805
Non-official language	1,505	1,330	90	35	50	105
Aboriginal	65	65	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,440	1,265	90	35	50	105
English and French	10	10	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	15	0	0	10
French and non-official language	65	55	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	56,990	52,085	4,015	280	615	4,150
English	46,705	46,705	0	0	0	0
French	3,935	120	3,815	0	0	3,815
Non-official language	5,450	4,515	85	235	615	205
Aboriginal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,425	4,490	90	230	615	205
English and French	465	370	50	45	0	75
English and non-official language	350	350	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	65	10	55	0	0	55
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	10
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	56,990	52,085	4,015	275	610	4,155
Official languages	56,380	52,085	4,010	280	0	4,150
English	56,170	52,085	3,815	280	0	3,950
French	13,445	9,155	4,015	280	0	4,150
Non-official languages	7,210	6,000	360	245	615	480
Aboriginal languages	120	105	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,110	5,890	360	240	615	480
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	56,990	52,085	4,015	275	610	4,155
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,835	1,730	105	0	0	105
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,750	1,650	105	0	0	100
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	1,190	1,155	35	0	0	35
Métis	510	440	65	0	0	65
Inuk (Inuit)	55	50	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	45	50	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	35	35	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	55,160	50,355	3,910	275	615	4,050
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	56,990	52,085	4,010	280	615	4,155
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	910	880	30	0	0	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,080	51,205	3,985	275	615	4,120
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	56,990	52,085	4,010	280	615	4,150
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	470	455	15	0	0	15
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	470	455	15	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	435	430	10	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	25	25	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	2,500	2,270	230	0	0	230
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	2,400	2,185	215	0	0	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,730	1,605	125	0	0	125
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	580	500	80	0	0	80
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	80	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	95	85	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	60	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	30	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	54,025	49,360	3,770	275	610	3,915
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	56,990	52,085	4,010	280	615	4,150
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	52,910	48,765	3,910	165	70	3,995
Canadian citizens only	51,570	47,590	3,800	130	50	3,870
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,340	1,175	110	35	25	125
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	4,080	3,320	100	115	540	160
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	56,990	52,085	4,010	280	615	4,155
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	49,650	45,795	3,720	90	40	3,770
Immigrants^Footnote 42	6,450	5,450	280	175	550	365
Before 1981	1,430	1,360	65	0	0	65
1981 to 1990	385	345	20	20	0	30
1991 to 2000	630	560	20	30	10	40
2001 to 2010	1,505	1,330	100	30	45	115
2001 to 2005	510	430	65	0	10	65
2006 to 2010	990	895	35	30	35	50
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	2,505	1,855	70	85	490	115
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	890	840	10	15	30	20
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	6,445	5,450	280	175	545	365
Under 5 years	810	640	65	10	85	75
5 to 14 years	1,365	1,135	55	70	105	90
15 to 24 years	1,120	1,010	50	15	45	55
25 to 44 years	2,610	2,255	95	75	180	135
45 years and over	550	405	10	0	125	15
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	6,450	5,445	280	175	545	365
Americas	950	860	65	15	0	70
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	25	0	10	0	0
El Salvador	55	55	0	0	0	0
Guyana	20	20	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	20	0	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	25	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	615	575	35	0	10	40
Other places of birth in Americas	135	110	25	0	0	30
Europe	1,550	1,440	65	30	15	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	40	0	0	10	0
Croatia	10	10	0	0	0	0
France	65	15	50	0	0	50
Germany	170	170	0	0	0	0
Greece	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hungary	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italy	25	20	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	130	125	0	0	0	0
Poland	40	40	0	0	0	0
Portugal	15	15	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	35	0	15	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	115	100	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	650	650	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	175	155	15	0	10	15
Africa	530	350	105	55	20	135
Algeria	10	0	0	15	0	0
Egypt	40	15	20	10	0	20
Ethiopia	45	40	0	0	0	0
Kenya	20	15	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	0	15	10	0	15
Nigeria	75	65	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	305	190	70	25	20	85
Asia	3,365	2,745	45	70	510	75
Afghanistan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	55	55	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	725	595	0	25	100	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	15	10	0	0	0	0
India	275	270	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	255	225	0	10	15	0
Iraq	50	50	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	375	335	0	10	25	10
Lebanon	145	110	20	0	15	20
Pakistan	70	70	0	0	0	0
Philippines	140	130	0	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	20	25	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	460	180	10	10	270	15
Taiwan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	250	225	0	15	15	10
Other places of birth in Asia	480	415	0	10	55	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	55	55	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	2,505	1,855	70	90	490	115
Americas	140	105	15	10	10	25
Brazil	15	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	0	10	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	55	50	0	0	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	20	0	10	20
Europe	225	190	10	15	10	20
France	15	0	15	0	0	0
Germany	20	25	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	45	45	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	60	60	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	50	0	0	10	0
Africa	235	170	25	25	15	35
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	20	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	40	40	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	40	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	130	70	20	20	20	30
Asia	1,900	1,390	15	30	455	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	415	340	0	10	70	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	60	55	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	140	115	0	0	15	0
Iraq	45	40	0	0	0	0
Israel	55	45	0	0	0	10
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	135	100	10	10	20	10
Lebanon	15	0	0	0	15	0
Nepal	40	35	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Philippines	115	105	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	445	170	10	0	265	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	25	20	0	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	220	200	0	10	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	125	0	0	30	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	56,990	52,085	4,015	280	615	4,150
First generation^Footnote 71	7,725	6,640	320	185	575	415
Second generation^Footnote 72	5,135	4,800	245	55	35	275
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	44,130	40,645	3,445	35	0	3,465
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	5,035	4,100	220	170	550	305
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	3,250	2,800	140	145	175	205
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	1,140	1,005	50	45	45	75
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	2,115	1,795	85	100	135	135
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	755	700	25	10	25	25
Refugees^Footnote 79	1,020	595	60	20	340	70
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	0	10	0	0	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	56,990	52,085	4,010	280	615	4,150
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	5,835	4,910	195	180	550	285
South Asian^Footnote 83	920	880	0	10	25	10
Chinese	1,220	1,040	10	55	115	35
Black	985	815	110	30	25	130
Filipino	170	160	0	0	10	0
Latin American	310	275	15	20	0	30
Arab	850	540	25	20	265	35
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	335	300	0	15	20	10
West Asian^Footnote 85	340	305	0	10	15	10
Korean	395	350	10	10	30	10
Japanese	30	30	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	80	60	0	0	20	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	210	155	20	0	30	25
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	51,150	47,170	3,820	95	65	3,870
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	56,990	52,085	4,015	280	610	4,155
North American Aboriginal origins	2,965	2,725	245	0	0	240
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,260	2,115	145	0	0	145
Inuit	120	110	10	0	0	10
Métis	685	585	95	0	0	95
Other North American origins	23,970	21,525	2,430	15	0	2,435
Acadian	1,380	810	565	10	0	570
American	785	765	15	0	0	15
Canadian	22,775	20,665	2,095	0	10	2,095
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	80	80	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	45	10	40	0	0	40
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	39,325	36,495	2,680	80	65	2,715
British Isles origins	32,815	32,055	745	25	0	755
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	20	25	0	0	0	0
English	17,985	17,735	245	0	0	250
Irish	15,585	15,150	425	10	0	430
Manx	20	20	0	0	0	0
Scottish	15,630	15,400	220	10	0	220
Welsh	1,600	1,580	15	10	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,460	1,420	35	0	0	40
French origins	10,380	7,950	2,400	35	0	2,415
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,380	7,950	2,400	35	0	2,420
Western European origins (except French origins)	6,075	5,930	130	10	0	135
Austrian	165	160	10	0	0	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	135	110	25	0	0	25
Dutch	2,075	2,055	15	0	10	15
Flemish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	4,050	3,945	95	10	0	95
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	120	105	10	0	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,180	1,155	20	0	0	15
Danish	425	415	10	0	0	10
Finnish	55	55	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	30	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	400	395	0	0	0	0
Swedish	255	250	0	0	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	80	75	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	1,760	1,645	55	30	30	70
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0	0	10
Byelorussian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Czech	70	75	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	30	30	0	0	0	0
Estonian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	150	145	0	0	0	0
Latvian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	50	0	10	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	545	525	15	0	0	15
Romanian	65	60	10	0	10	0
Russian	460	405	10	15	25	15
Slovak	55	50	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	535	490	10	20	15	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,790	1,610	140	10	25	145
Albanian	70	65	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	45	40	0	0	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	30	30	0	0	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	120	125	0	0	0	0
Italian	905	795	110	0	0	110
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	25	0	0	10	0
Maltese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	15	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	205	200	0	0	10	0
Serbian	55	50	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Spanish	375	330	30	10	0	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	385	360	20	0	0	20
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	175	160	0	0	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	205	185	15	0	0	15
Caribbean origins	225	215	0	0	0	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0	10	0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	100	90	0	10	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	15	20	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	30	30	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	460	395	25	30	0	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	50	35	0	10	0	10
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	30	30	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	40	20	15	10	0	20
Maya	65	65	10	0	0	0
Mexican	115	110	0	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	55	45	0	0	10	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	30	20	0	10	0	10
African origins	1,090	865	145	65	15	175
Central and West African origins	195	145	35	15	10	40
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	25	20	10	0	0	10
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	40	25	10	0	0	10
Guinean	20	10	10	10	0	0
Ibo	15	20	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	45	25	15	0	0	15
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	0	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	185	120	35	30	0	50
Algerian	20	0	0	15	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	65	40	20	0	0	25
Libyan	80	80	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	0	10	10	0	15
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	265	200	55	0	0	60
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	40	35	10	0	10	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	30	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	0	25	0	0	25
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	35	35	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	30	0	30	0	0	30
Other African origins	460	415	20	15	15	25
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	80	75	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	380	335	20	15	15	25
Asian origins	5,155	4,390	110	120	545	165
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,870	1,420	75	40	335	90
Afghan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	125	105	0	0	10	10
Armenian	55	40	0	10	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	335	295	10	10	15	20
Iraqi	60	60	0	0	0	0
Israeli	50	40	0	10	0	10
Jordanian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	30	10	0	0	20	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	545	500	45	0	0	45
Palestinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Syrian	505	200	20	0	285	15
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	65	65	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	25	25	0	10	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	0	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,015	975	10	10	30	10
Bangladeshi	90	95	0	0	0	0
Bengali	15	20	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	30	25	0	0	10	0
East Indian	630	615	10	0	0	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	150	120	0	0	25	10
Pakistani	80	80	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	25	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	20	25	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,320	2,045	30	75	175	70
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	1,345	1,155	20	55	115	50
Filipino	215	195	10	0	10	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	40	0	0	10	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	400	355	10	10	30	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	25	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	30	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	280	255	0	10	15	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	80	70	0	0	0	0
Australian	45	45	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	25	25	0	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	48,335	44,360	3,435	165	375	3,520
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,715	5,230	310	25	150	325
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	13,160	12,375	615	45	115	640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,465	26,755	2,510	90	115	2,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,665	2,445	210	0	10	210
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	1,540	1,385	150	0	10	150
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	1,125	1,065	60	0	10	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	8,945	8,225	675	15	35	680
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	875	765	95	0	15	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	16,980	15,315	1,535	80	60	1,570
Bachelor's degree	11,055	10,030	950	25	45	965
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895	765	120	0	10	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	295	25	0	10	25
Master's degree	3,720	3,295	395	25	0	410
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	985	920	40	25	0	55
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	48,340	44,355	3,435	170	380	3,520
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	18,875	17,605	930	75	260	965
Education	2,915	2,580	305	10	15	315
13. Education	2,915	2,580	305	10	15	315
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	885	810	75	0	0	70
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	125	10	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	755	685	65	0	0	65
Humanities	2,285	2,085	185	0	20	180
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	180	105	60	0	10	65
23. English language and literature/letters	625	610	15	0	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	545	495	40	0	10	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	15	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	150	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	240	0	0	0	0
54. History	425	395	35	0	0	30
55. French language and literature/letters	105	75	25	0	10	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,685	3,375	305	0	0	305
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	35	0	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	310	20	0	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	350	295	45	0	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	660	565	95	0	0	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	50	45	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	885	855	30	0	0	30
45. Social sciences	1,375	1,270	100	10	0	100
Business, management and public administration	6,005	5,330	640	15	25	645
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	450	95	0	0	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,450	4,865	540	10	25	550
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,365	1,235	110	25	0	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	600	530	60	15	0	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	260	20	10	0	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	20	20	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	400	375	25	0	0	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	50	0	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,730	1,540	180	0	0	180
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,485	1,340	140	0	10	140
25. Library science	130	110	20	0	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	90	20	0	0	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,565	4,240	270	30	25	285
04. Architecture and related services	100	85	15	0	0	15
14. Engineering	1,770	1,625	115	25	10	130
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	870	790	75	0	10	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	800	785	15	0	10	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	785	735	45	10	0	45
48. Precision production	235	220	10	0	10	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	470	45	0	0	45
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	165	145	15	0	0	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	355	325	30	0	0	25
Health and related fields	4,015	3,745	250	10	10	255
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	450	410	40	0	0	40
51. Health professions and related programs	3,440	3,215	205	10	10	210
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	130	120	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,495	1,340	150	0	0	155
12. Personal and culinary services	905	815	85	0	10	85
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	35	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	370	320	50	0	0	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	160	15	0	0	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	48,340	44,360	3,440	170	375	3,520
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,870	17,605	930	75	260	965
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	29,465	26,755	2,505	95	115	2,550
Location of study inside Canada	26,385	23,930	2,415	40	0	2,435
Same as province or territory of residence	19,955	18,115	1,820	20	0	1,835
Different than province or territory of residence	6,425	5,815	595	15	0	600
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	3,080	2,825	90	50	115	120
United States^Footnote 130	730	715	15	10	0	15
Philippines	90	90	0	0	0	0
India	165	165	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	375	370	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	355	305	0	0	55	0
France	60	0	55	10	0	60
Other	1,305	1,180	25	40	60	45
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	48,335	44,355	3,440	165	380	not applicable ...
In the labour force	31,505	28,830	2,485	115	70	not applicable ...
Employed	28,735	26,200	2,370	105	55	not applicable ...
Unemployed	2,770	2,625	115	10	10	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	16,835	15,525	955	50	305	not applicable ...
Participation rate	65.2	65.0	72.2	69.7	18.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	59.4	59.1	68.9	63.6	14.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.1	4.6	8.7	14.3	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	48,340	44,355	3,435	165	375	3,520
Did not work^Footnote 135	15,495	14,300	830	70	295	865
Worked	32,845	30,055	2,605	100	80	2,655
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	17,500	15,820	1,620	40	25	1,640
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	15,340	14,240	980	60	55	1,015
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	42.6	44.8	34.9	38.6	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	33,690	30,850	2,640	120	80	2,700
a.Management	3,545	3,265	270	10	15	265
00 Senior management occupations	495	420	65	0	0	65
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,380	1,230	145	0	0	145
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,290	1,255	30	0	10	30
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	385	355	25	0	10	25
b.Professional	8,630	7,655	925	40	10	945
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,235	1,070	160	10	0	170
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,980	1,780	190	10	10	195
30 Professional occupations in nursing	585	555	30	0	0	30
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	620	580	30	0	0	30
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,155	1,920	220	15	0	230
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,540	1,305	235	10	0	235
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	515	450	60	0	10	65
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,025	3,570	440	10	10	445
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,245	1,130	115	0	0	120
32 Technical occupations in health	630	605	20	0	0	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	790	670	120	0	0	120
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	645	535	115	0	0	115
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	710	635	70	10	0	75
d.Administration and administrative support	4,015	3,535	465	10	10	470
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,775	1,535	240	0	0	240
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	280	265	20	0	0	20
14 Office support occupations	1,380	1,220	145	10	10	150
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	580	520	60	0	0	60
e.Sales	3,855	3,690	135	10	25	135
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	785	735	40	0	0	40
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,720	1,650	60	0	15	60
66 Sales support occupations	1,350	1,310	30	10	0	35
f.Personal and customer information services	6,200	5,895	245	30	25	260
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	470	455	15	0	0	15
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	755	710	40	0	0	40
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,090	1,015	40	15	15	45
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,800	1,705	90	10	0	90
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	2,085	2,005	60	0	10	65
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	1,345	1,270	75	0	0	75
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	925	880	40	0	0	40
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	425	390	30	0	0	35
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	1,270	1,190	65	0	0	65
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	220	205	20	0	0	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	705	665	35	10	0	35
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	345	325	10	0	0	15
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460	430	20	10	0	30
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	95	95	10	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	115	110	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	245	225	15	10	0	15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	340	335	10	0	0	10
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	100	100	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	95	95	0	0	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	65	65	0	0	0	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	80	80	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	33,690	30,850	2,640	120	85	2,695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	285	270	15	0	0	15
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	215	200	15	0	0	15
113 Forestry and logging	25	25	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	20	20	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	25	25	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	85	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	35	35	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	15	15	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	35	35	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	555	495	60	0	0	55
221 Utilities	555	495	60	0	0	60
23 Construction	1,385	1,310	70	0	10	70
236 Construction of buildings	440	415	15	0	0	20
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	225	205	15	0	0	15
238 Specialty trade contractors	725	685	35	0	0	35
31-33 Manufacturing	875	830	40	0	0	40
311 Food manufacturing	175	170	0	0	10	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	70	70	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	10	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	10	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	10	0	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	110	110	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	70	70	10	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	30	30	10	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	20	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	10	15	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	50	50	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	45	30	15	0	0	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	45	40	0	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	40	35	0	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	20	20	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	30	35	0	0	0	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	50	45	10	0	0	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	55	50	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	775	735	35	0	0	35
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	20	20	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	130	120	10	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	45	30	10	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	60	60	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	110	105	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	335	325	10	0	0	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	40	40	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	40	40	10	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	4,260	4,100	135	0	20	140
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	435	405	30	0	0	30
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	125	120	10	0	10	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	100	95	10	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	290	280	10	0	0	10
445 Food and beverage stores	925	900	15	0	10	20
446 Health and personal care stores	450	435	15	0	0	10
447 Gasoline stations	170	165	10	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	470	455	10	0	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	195	190	10	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	755	720	30	10	0	30
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	225	215	10	0	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	120	115	0	0	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	970	910	60	0	0	60
481 Air transportation	25	15	0	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	250	240	0	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	150	135	20	0	0	15
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	160	150	0	0	0	10
491 Postal service	115	95	20	0	0	20
492 Couriers and messengers	240	240	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	40	35	10	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	1,015	950	65	0	0	60
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	215	205	15	0	0	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	70	65	10	0	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	100	90	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	385	365	15	0	0	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	60	60	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	190	165	25	0	0	25
52 Finance and insurance	905	850	40	0	10	45
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	450	440	15	0	0	15
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	150	125	10	10	0	15
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	290	270	15	0	0	15
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	10	15	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	580	550	20	0	10	25
531 Real estate	510	480	15	10	0	20
532 Rental and leasing services	70	70	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,730	2,535	190	0	0	190
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,725	2,535	190	0	0	190
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	40	10	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	45	40	0	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,550	1,460	85	10	10	85
561 Administrative and support services	1,510	1,420	85	10	10	85
562 Waste management and remediation services	45	40	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	4,010	3,660	330	20	0	340
611 Educational services	4,005	3,655	330	20	0	340
62 Health care and social assistance	3,905	3,640	235	20	10	240
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,155	1,110	40	0	10	40
622 Hospitals	1,130	1,070	55	10	10	55
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	660	630	35	0	0	35
624 Social assistance	955	830	105	15	0	115
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	585	565	20	0	0	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	190	185	0	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	65	60	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	340	315	20	0	0	20
72 Accommodation and food services	2,845	2,730	80	15	20	90
721 Accommodation services	530	515	20	0	0	15
722 Food services and drinking places	2,315	2,220	60	10	20	70
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,475	1,350	110	10	0	115
811 Repair and maintenance	240	220	10	10	0	10
812 Personal and laundry services	465	440	25	0	0	25
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	685	605	75	0	0	75
814 Private households	85	85	10	0	0	0
91 Public administration	4,855	3,775	1,050	30	0	1,070
911 Federal government public administration	1,835	1,375	450	10	0	455
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,315	1,755	550	10	0	550
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	675	615	55	10	0	60
914 Aboriginal public administration	25	25	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	28,730	26,205	2,365	105	55	2,420
Worked at home	1,660	1,530	115	0	10	115
Worked outside Canada	175	155	10	0	10	10
No fixed workplace address	2,235	2,115	105	15	0	110
Worked at usual place	24,660	22,405	2,145	80	35	2,185
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	33,685	30,845	2,635	120	85	2,695
English	32,130	30,200	1,810	95	25	1,855
French	685	140	540	0	0	545
Non-official language	205	150	0	0	55	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	205	150	0	0	55	0
English and French	580	280	290	20	0	300
English and non-official language	80	70	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	33,690	30,845	2,640	120	85	2,700
None	29,185	28,100	920	80	80	965
English	550	170	375	0	0	375
French	3,610	2,235	1,330	40	0	1,350
Non-official language	330	315	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	325	310	10	0	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	24,665	22,405	2,145	80	30	2,185
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,570	19,560	1,915	65	25	1,945
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	955	910	45	0	0	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,835	1,655	165	10	10	170
Commute to a different province or territory	305	275	20	15	0	25
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	26,895	24,520	2,245	100	35	2,295
Car, truck, van - as a driver	20,280	18,410	1,780	75	15	1,820
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,230	2,065	150	10	0	155
Public transit	1,170	1,100	55	10	0	60
Walked	2,520	2,305	200	10	10	205
Bicycle	405	375	30	0	0	25
Other method	300	265	30	0	0	30
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	26,895	24,515	2,245	100	35	2,295
Less than 15 minutes	13,790	12,595	1,140	50	10	1,165
15 to 29 minutes	10,210	9,250	925	10	15	935
30 to 44 minutes	1,790	1,620	140	30	10	155
45 to 59 minutes	500	475	15	10	0	25
60 minutes and over	600	575	20	0	0	20
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	26,900	24,520	2,245	100	40	2,295
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	745	715	30	0	0	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,705	2,505	200	0	0	200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,590	8,445	1,120	10	10	1,125
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,280	6,560	670	45	0	695
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,960	2,795	115	35	15	135
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,610	3,490	110	0	0	115
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	56,385	51,530	3,990	275	590	4,130
Non-movers	45,080	41,385	3,310	215	180	3,415
Movers	11,305	10,150	685	65	405	720
Non-migrants	6,900	6,430	390	45	40	410
Migrants	4,410	3,720	295	20	375	305
Internal migrants	3,245	2,970	260	0	10	260
Intraprovincial migrants	2,035	1,855	175	0	10	175
Interprovincial migrants	1,210	1,115	85	10	0	90
External migrants	1,165	750	35	10	365	45
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	53,985	49,395	3,830	265	485	3,960
Non-movers	28,650	26,395	2,100	120	40	2,160
Movers	25,335	23,010	1,730	150	450	1,805
Non-migrants	13,430	12,580	815	25	10	825
Migrants	11,900	10,425	915	115	445	980
Internal migrants	9,040	8,175	820	30	15	840
Intraprovincial migrants	5,405	4,850	530	15	10	535
Interprovincial migrants	3,640	3,320	300	20	0	305
External migrants	2,860	2,250	100	85	430	140

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Fredericton, C

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.