Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Richmond Hill, T

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	193,805	76,365	1,315	725
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	193,800	76,365	1,320	730
0 to 14 years	32,540	20,095	190	275
0 to 4 years	8,530	4,970	30	20
5 to 9 years	11,185	7,045	80	100
10 to 14 years	12,825	8,085	85	150
15 to 64 years	133,760	48,765	890	425
15 to 19 years	13,745	8,000	80	100
20 to 24 years	12,350	6,675	75	55
25 to 29 years	10,890	4,870	50	35
30 to 34 years	9,580	3,410	30	45
35 to 39 years	11,295	3,690	65	25
40 to 44 years	15,320	4,365	80	30
45 to 49 years	17,700	4,810	165	25
50 to 54 years	17,050	5,130	135	55
55 to 59 years	14,600	4,395	125	20
60 to 64 years	11,230	3,415	75	35
65 years and over	27,505	7,505	235	25
65 to 69 years	10,015	2,790	80	10
70 to 74 years	6,370	1,795	55	10
75 to 79 years	4,865	1,085	30	0
80 to 84 years	3,475	930	35	0
85 years and over	2,780	910	40	0
85 to 89 years	1,975	625	25	0
90 to 94 years	665	230	10	0
95 to 99 years	140	55	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0
Average age	40.2	33.4	44.1	26.7
Median age	42.3	28.2	48.0	18.8
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	161,265	56,270	1,125	450
Married or living common law	99,895	26,740	710	195
Married	94,970	24,360	615	190
Living common law	4,925	2,375	95	10
Not married and not living common law	61,370	29,530	420	255
Never married	44,045	23,725	235	235
Separated	3,150	1,205	35	0
Divorced	7,320	2,780	75	0
Widowed	6,855	1,820	70	15
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	161,265	56,270	1,130	450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	151,920	52,080	1,070	400
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,756	56,970	63,524	46,906
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,991	36,886	44,403	27,373
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	151,945	52,085	1,070	395
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,563	45,056	49,437	38,460
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,824	33,434	39,911	26,726
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	136,135	48,715	1,000	375
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,113	56,989	63,303	47,107
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,212	35,956	46,050	25,795
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	107,990	35,330	730	260
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,415	5,392	6,899	3,719
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,560	1,441	2,874	924
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	111,400	41,530	795	335
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,189	55,672	69,223	47,722
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,670	36,352	52,145	29,752
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	92.1	93.6	92.7	94.2
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	78.5	77.9	81.5	85.0
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	7.9	6.4	7.4	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	161,265	56,270	1,130	450
Without total income	9,345	4,195	55	55
With total income	151,920	52,075	1,075	400
Percentage with total income	94.2	92.5	95.1	88.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	31,145	9,595	170	90
$10,000 to $19,999	27,755	7,720	160	75
$20,000 to $29,999	17,045	5,700	90	45
$30,000 to $39,999	12,905	4,340	75	25
$40,000 to $49,999	11,345	4,225	85	20
$50,000 to $59,999	9,605	3,800	65	50
$60,000 to $69,999	7,610	3,050	55	10
$70,000 to $79,999	6,425	2,510	85	10
$80,000 to $89,999	5,525	2,055	45	15
$90,000 to $99,999	5,610	2,175	55	10
$100,000 and over	16,955	6,905	185	55
$100,000 to $149,999	10,975	4,080	125	35
$150,000 and over	5,985	2,830	65	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	161,265	56,270	1,130	450
Without after-tax income	9,320	4,185	55	55
With after-tax income	151,945	52,085	1,075	395
Percentage with after-tax income	94.2	92.6	95.1	87.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	31,640	9,770	185	90
$10,000 to $19,999	28,675	8,105	155	75
$20,000 to $29,999	19,305	6,485	110	45
$30,000 to $39,999	15,135	5,300	90	25
$40,000 to $49,999	13,610	5,355	100	50
$50,000 to $59,999	10,290	4,020	70	25
$60,000 to $69,999	8,355	3,145	80	10
$70,000 to $79,999	7,685	2,845	105	20
$80,000 and over	17,255	7,060	170	55
$80,000 to $89,999	5,385	1,990	30	15
$90,000 to $99,999	3,340	1,245	45	15
$100,000 and over	8,530	3,830	100	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	161,265	56,270	1,125	450
Without employment income	49,860	14,745	330	120
With employment income	111,400	41,525	800	335
Percentage with employment income	69.1	73.8	71.1	74.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,175	5,940	105	55
$5,000 to $9,999	9,350	3,650	40	20
$10,000 to $19,999	15,620	5,215	70	65
$20,000 to $29,999	10,955	3,855	55	25
$30,000 to $39,999	9,630	3,195	55	25
$40,000 to $49,999	8,920	3,310	65	25
$50,000 to $59,999	7,430	2,825	55	35
$60,000 to $69,999	6,140	2,385	35	10
$70,000 to $79,999	5,250	1,980	60	10
$80,000 and over	23,930	9,180	270	70
$80,000 to $89,999	4,810	1,625	45	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5,125	2,020	65	0
$100,000 and over	13,995	5,540	160	55
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	161,265	56,270	1,130	450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	53,495	19,280	390	145
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	61,143	64,802	85,930	59,265
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	76,595	86,217	102,976	78,261
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	193,805	76,370	1,320	725
English only	167,090	69,245	165	90
French only	105	0	20	0
English and French	14,815	7,015	1,135	630
Neither English nor French	11,795	105	10	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	193,805	76,365	1,320	725
English	101,055	69,165	765	295
French	500	20	355	65
Non-official language	72,890	2,280	45	35
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	72,890	2,280	45	40
English and French	385	90	75	145
English and non-official language	18,535	4,685	50	85
French and non-official language	55	0	10	10
English, French and non-official language	385	130	20	90
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	193,800	76,365	1,320	725
None	133,325	67,065	675	505
English	29,590	1,400	220	30
French	1,185	595	320	95
Non-official language	28,625	7,195	80	60
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	28,625	7,200	80	60
English and French	185	0	0	0
English and non-official language	600	0	0	25
French and non-official language	285	100	25	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	193,800	76,365	1,320	730
English	177,810	76,370	160	410
French	1,395	0	1,155	70
English and French	2,915	0	0	250
Neither English nor French	11,680	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	2,850	0	1,155	190
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.5	0.0	87.5	26.0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	193,805	76,365	1,320	730
Official languages	182,005	76,265	1,315	725
English	181,900	76,260	1,295	720
French	14,915	7,015	1,150	630
Non-official languages	134,510	20,535	400	385
Aboriginal languages	15	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	134,500	20,535	390	385
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	193,800	76,365	1,320	725
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	510	490	0	10
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	480	455	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	295	285	0	0
Métis	180	180	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	15	15	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	15	20	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	193,295	75,875	1,310	725
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	193,805	76,370	1,320	725
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	210	205	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	193,590	76,160	1,320	725
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	193,800	76,365	1,320	725
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	90	85	10	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	75	80	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	45	45	0	0
Métis single ancestry	35	30	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	10	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	840	775	50	10
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	835	770	50	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	640	585	35	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	170	10	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	192,875	75,510	1,265	720
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	193,800	76,365	1,315	725
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	168,190	73,610	1,225	650
Canadian citizens only	148,035	70,655	1,100	555
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	20,150	2,960	130	90
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	25,620	2,755	90	80
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	193,800	76,370	1,320	730
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	79,505	60,490	790	450
Immigrants^Footnote 44	111,225	15,455	500	275
Before 1981	19,190	5,150	145	35
1981 to 1990	14,945	2,225	50	25
1991 to 2000	30,895	3,365	90	50
2001 to 2010	32,195	3,560	165	105
2001 to 2005	17,890	1,920	65	65
2006 to 2010	14,310	1,645	105	35
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	14,000	1,155	55	60
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	3,070	420	25	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	111,225	15,455	500	275
Under 5 years	8,975	3,275	45	35
5 to 14 years	17,665	3,730	115	95
15 to 24 years	20,115	2,865	95	55
25 to 44 years	49,855	4,695	195	60
45 years and over	14,620	885	50	30
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	111,225	15,460	505	270
Americas	5,915	3,790	20	15
Brazil	110	0	0	0
Colombia	290	25	0	0
El Salvador	90	10	0	0
Guyana	620	605	0	0
Haiti	20	10	0	0
Jamaica	1,130	1,105	0	0
Mexico	165	10	0	0
Peru	185	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	645	615	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	1,355	1,030	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	1,305	390	10	0
Europe	20,830	3,010	150	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	135	10	0	0
Croatia	200	20	0	0
France	110	0	85	10
Germany	660	110	0	10
Greece	1,150	50	0	0
Hungary	360	15	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	110	100	0	0
Italy	3,870	370	10	0
Netherlands	200	20	0	0
Poland	600	50	0	0
Portugal	490	50	0	0
Romania	1,590	65	0	0
Russian Federation	3,780	125	15	10
Serbia^Footnote 51	225	0	0	0
Ukraine	2,515	110	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	1,910	1,730	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,920	175	30	10
Africa	5,395	1,895	230	140
Algeria	10	0	0	0
Egypt	1,580	345	45	15
Ethiopia	30	0	0	10
Kenya	570	230	0	0
Morocco	130	10	45	0
Nigeria	225	180	0	0
Somalia	135	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	530	470	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,190	650	140	120
Asia	78,955	6,680	100	80
Afghanistan	1,145	40	0	0
Bangladesh	270	30	0	0
China^Footnote 53	23,970	805	30	15
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	12,965	1,070	0	0
India	3,450	1,010	0	10
Iran^Footnote 55	17,305	860	25	30
Iraq	850	90	0	0
Japan	255	40	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	3,720	205	0	0
Lebanon	590	30	15	0
Pakistan	1,885	365	0	0
Philippines	2,810	710	0	0
Sri Lanka	1,205	230	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	155	20	0	0
Taiwan	1,215	50	0	0
Viet Nam	1,345	115	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	5,820	1,010	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	130	75	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	13,995	1,155	55	65
Americas	585	315	0	10
Brazil	50	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	55	0	0
Mexico	35	10	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	275	175	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	125	75	0	0
Europe	1,020	65	0	10
France	10	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 62	10	10	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	55	0	0	0
Romania	60	0	0	0
Russian Federation	340	0	0	0
Ukraine	230	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	55	45	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	260	10	0	0
Africa	665	120	30	40
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	30	0	0	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	0	10
Egypt	370	35	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	40	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	175	35	10	0
Asia	11,720	660	15	15
Afghanistan	115	10	0	0
Bangladesh	20	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	4,990	115	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	220	20	0	0
India	280	70	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	3,865	105	0	10
Iraq	155	0	0	0
Israel	175	10	0	0
Japan	35	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	395	15	0	0
Lebanon	40	15	10	0
Nepal	20	0	0	0
Pakistan	335	45	0	0
Philippines	680	190	0	0
Saudi Arabia	25	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	70	30	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	35	0	0	0
Turkey	25	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	35	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	175	25	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	10	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	193,805	76,365	1,320	730
First generation^Footnote 73	115,230	16,435	530	285
Second generation^Footnote 74	52,345	34,645	225	355
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	26,230	25,290	560	90
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	93,260	10,505	355	240
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	61,155	6,780	250	180
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	23,090	1,900	85	40
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	38,065	4,885	165	135
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	21,420	2,760	50	45
Refugees^Footnote 81	9,215	815	35	20
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	1,465	150	20	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	193,800	76,365	1,320	730
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	116,215	29,885	355	465
South Asian^Footnote 85	14,965	6,715	30	70
Chinese	56,915	10,270	165	140
Black	3,875	3,240	60	95
Filipino	3,800	1,610	0	0
Latin American	1,645	325	0	0
Arab	3,580	1,060	45	40
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	1,450	460	30	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	20,170	2,255	15	45
Korean	5,435	1,070	0	25
Japanese	625	335	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	740	580	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	3,020	1,965	10	45
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	77,585	46,485	965	265
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	193,805	76,370	1,320	725
North American Aboriginal origins	925	855	50	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	695	640	45	10
Inuit	20	20	0	0
Métis	220	205	15	0
Other North American origins	14,950	12,845	345	80
Acadian	65	50	15	0
American	880	810	10	0
Canadian	14,225	12,195	325	80
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	25	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0
Québécois	30	20	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	0	0	0
European origins	72,260	44,575	770	220
British Isles origins	22,220	21,530	180	75
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	12,500	12,150	80	20
Irish	8,625	8,425	70	25
Manx	10	15	0	0
Scottish	8,815	8,695	30	35
Welsh	910	885	10	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,320	2,245	0	0
French origins	3,975	3,090	600	65
Alsatian	20	20	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	3,960	3,070	595	70
Western European origins (except French origins)	7,905	6,085	65	20
Austrian	760	535	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	155	110	20	10
Dutch	1,850	1,555	15	0
Flemish	15	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0
German	5,440	4,125	30	15
Luxembourger	15	15	0	0
Swiss	295	185	35	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,410	1,165	15	10
Danish	255	175	20	0
Finnish	415	305	0	0
Icelandic	45	35	0	0
Norwegian	330	315	0	0
Swedish	405	345	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	70	65	0	0
Eastern European origins	22,720	9,610	85	55
Bulgarian	185	50	0	0
Byelorussian	890	110	0	0
Czech	280	165	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	110	100	0	0
Estonian	185	100	0	0
Hungarian	1,845	960	0	10
Latvian	315	160	0	0
Lithuanian	715	515	0	0
Moldovan	305	40	0	0
Polish	6,120	4,445	50	25
Romanian	2,695	845	15	15
Russian	10,460	3,420	35	20
Slovak	320	195	0	10
Ukrainian	5,095	1,840	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	170	140	0	0
Southern European origins	28,800	17,490	165	75
Albanian	350	120	0	0
Bosnian	40	20	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	715	365	10	0
Cypriot	100	65	0	0
Greek	4,255	2,290	10	0
Italian	19,210	12,570	110	65
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,055	665	0	0
Maltese	235	205	0	0
Montenegrin	25	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,405	1,655	10	15
Serbian	660	235	0	0
Sicilian	60	20	0	0
Slovenian	300	220	0	0
Spanish	1,695	830	30	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	120	75	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	10	10	0	0
Other European origins	4,475	1,365	30	15
Basque	25	10	0	0
Jewish	4,200	1,210	30	10
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	35	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	220	135	0	15
Caribbean origins	3,675	3,485	15	25
Antiguan	20	20	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	225	210	0	15
Bermudan	30	30	0	0
Carib	25	30	0	0
Cuban	75	20	0	0
Dominican	45	30	0	0
Grenadian	70	70	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	30	0	0
Jamaican	2,095	2,070	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	20	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	15	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	10	0	0
St. Lucian	35	25	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	495	445	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	80	80	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	505	500	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	115	115	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,235	1,590	10	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	55	35	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	215	110	0	15
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	170	70	10	0
Chilean	190	95	0	0
Colombian	495	190	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	345	155	0	0
Guatemalan	55	25	0	0
Guyanese	495	485	0	0
Hispanic	60	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0
Mexican	350	120	0	0
Nicaraguan	45	25	0	0
Panamanian	20	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	230	70	0	0
Salvadorean	130	50	0	0
Uruguayan	30	25	0	0
Venezuelan	220	55	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	255	175	0	10
African origins	5,385	2,930	140	170
Central and West African origins	530	375	10	15
Akan	10	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	60	20	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	10	0
Edo	30	35	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	35	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	35	10	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	270	250	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	15	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	45	15	0	15
North African origins	2,530	975	95	45
Algerian	30	20	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	125	60	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,975	695	50	35
Libyan	25	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	340	190	35	0
Sudanese	85	30	0	0
Tunisian	20	15	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	10	0
Southern and East African origins	1,330	790	15	55
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	25	10	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	15	10	0	0
Ethiopian	20	15	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	170	75	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	90	30	10	30
Oromo	15	10	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	205	60	15	20
South African	335	300	0	0
Tanzanian	145	60	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	25	10	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	40	30	0	0
Zulu	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	295	195	0	0
Other African origins	1,020	810	15	55
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	110	105	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	920	710	15	55
Asian origins	114,975	27,190	370	405
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	30,240	5,540	130	135
Afghan	1,765	285	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	770	260	10	0
Armenian	1,605	440	20	25
Assyrian	65	15	0	0
Azerbaijani	460	90	0	0
Georgian	145	25	0	0
Hazara	10	0	0	0
Iranian	21,285	2,895	20	45
Iraqi	885	200	0	0
Israeli	995	465	0	0
Jordanian	160	80	0	0
Kazakh	70	0	0	0
Kurd	220	60	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	30	20	0	0
Lebanese	990	455	45	40
Palestinian	370	225	0	15
Pashtun	20	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0
Syrian	295	120	30	15
Tajik	75	0	0	0
Tatar	140	35	0	0
Turk	665	135	15	0
Turkmen	45	15	0	0
Uighur	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	75	40	0	0
Yemeni	55	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	475	120	0	10
South Asian origins	15,200	7,150	35	80
Bangladeshi	150	60	0	0
Bengali	175	35	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	11,175	5,895	35	65
Goan	105	100	0	0
Gujarati	70	25	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	35	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,815	570	0	10
Punjabi	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	110	45	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,370	440	0	10
Tamil	460	145	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	645	210	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	70,305	15,060	205	185
Burmese	45	30	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	180	85	0	0
Chinese	58,485	11,235	185	150
Filipino	4,240	2,005	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	80	0	0
Japanese	985	520	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	5,790	1,280	0	25
Laotian	70	35	0	0
Malaysian	125	80	0	0
Mongolian	140	20	0	0
Singaporean	20	15	0	0
Taiwanese	500	115	0	0
Thai	55	25	0	0
Tibetan	50	0	0	10
Vietnamese	1,105	380	30	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	90	70	0	0
Other Asian origins	145	85	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	150	85	0	10
Oceania origins	105	95	0	0
Australian	100	90	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	161,265	56,270	1,130	450
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,965	8,015	160	75
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	37,715	15,560	250	115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	102,580	32,695	720	265
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,140	2,305	40	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	3,430	1,190	20	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	2,705	1,115	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,060	10,230	170	85
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,375	1,515	30	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	66,010	18,650	475	140
Bachelor's degree	43,520	13,335	300	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,415	1,235	25	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,320	475	10	10
Master's degree	13,780	3,280	110	65
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	1,975	325	30	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	161,260	56,270	1,125	450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	58,680	23,580	410	190
Education	5,190	2,195	65	15
13. Education	5,190	2,195	70	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,875	1,480	20	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	190	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	3,515	1,290	20	0
Humanities	5,530	2,030	65	20
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,075	115	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	1,495	550	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,505	710	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	275	140	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	115	10	0
54. History	615	330	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	220	75	20	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,480	5,455	45	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	65	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	925	495	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,700	700	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	2,000	910	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	190	135	0	0
42. Psychology	1,825	885	15	10
45. Social sciences	5,685	2,265	20	10
Business, management and public administration	25,170	8,410	190	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	985	470	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	24,145	7,925	185	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,705	1,495	25	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,205	685	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,265	430	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	125	65	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,950	280	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	35	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,485	1,795	65	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,480	1,320	30	30
25. Library science	210	100	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,635	330	30	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	160	40	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,830	4,465	125	50
04. Architecture and related services	1,140	255	10	0
14. Engineering	12,535	1,315	65	25
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,750	1,040	25	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,710	795	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,890	795	20	10
48. Precision production	805	265	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,090	330	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	635	145	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	455	190	0	0
Health and related fields	11,075	3,750	80	40
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	910	480	25	0
51. Health professions and related programs	9,580	3,160	55	35
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	590	115	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,150	1,275	30	0
12. Personal and culinary services	2,115	750	25	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	545	325	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	190	0	0
Other	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	161,265	56,270	1,125	450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,680	23,580	410	190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	102,580	32,695	715	260
Location of study inside Canada	60,095	28,305	530	175
Same as province or territory of residence	56,455	26,825	390	140
Different than province or territory of residence	3,640	1,475	140	30
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	42,490	4,390	190	90
United States^Footnote 132	3,130	1,045	25	20
Philippines	1,600	340	0	0
India	1,810	480	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	1,920	850	25	10
China^Footnote 134	9,245	90	0	10
France	125	0	50	10
Other	24,660	1,580	90	50
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	161,265	56,275	1,125	450
In the labour force	104,920	38,325	760	310
Employed	97,645	35,405	735	285
Unemployed	7,275	2,915	30	25
Not in the labour force	56,340	17,950	370	135
Participation rate	65.1	68.1	67.6	68.9
Employment rate	60.5	62.9	65.3	63.3
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.6	3.9	8.1
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	161,265	56,270	1,125	450
Did not work^Footnote 137	53,815	16,615	325	125
Worked	107,450	39,660	795	325
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	55,350	19,840	405	150
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	52,100	19,820	395	175
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	41.6	43.0	37.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	111,045	41,060	820	340
a.Management	15,385	5,450	180	40
00 Senior management occupations	1,910	750	15	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	6,170	2,305	115	25
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,985	1,575	30	10
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,320	825	15	0
b.Professional	30,050	9,605	255	65
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	6,755	2,135	50	15
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	10,640	1,985	40	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,200	430	0	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,525	835	30	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	4,590	2,340	85	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	3,025	1,340	40	20
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,325	535	10	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	11,375	4,510	45	55
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	3,510	1,110	10	30
32 Technical occupations in health	1,835	495	10	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,535	960	15	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	305	175	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,190	1,775	20	15
d.Administration and administrative support	14,995	6,365	100	45
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,310	2,765	45	25
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,545	610	0	0
14 Office support occupations	5,725	2,375	30	15
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,405	615	15	10
e.Sales	13,185	5,470	85	40
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,815	1,720	40	10
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	5,565	2,465	15	10
66 Sales support occupations	2,805	1,280	30	20
f.Personal and customer information services	13,690	4,995	100	60
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,010	260	10	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,795	575	10	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,515	670	10	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,750	1,935	65	30
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,620	1,565	10	35
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,825	1,845	50	20
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,950	1,135	35	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,880	710	10	20
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,970	1,515	10	10
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,000	470	0	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,225	710	10	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	745	335	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	815	560	0	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	180	85	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	80	55	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	555	420	0	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,760	740	15	10
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	310	110	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	765	175	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	995	235	10	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	695	215	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	111,045	41,060	825	340
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	115	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	150	100	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	20	15	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	40	10	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	30	10	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	65	20	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	55	15	0	0
22 Utilities	640	230	10	0
221 Utilities	640	225	0	0
23 Construction	6,560	2,575	55	0
236 Construction of buildings	2,145	760	30	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	570	260	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,840	1,555	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	8,465	2,500	55	25
311 Food manufacturing	935	310	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	105	45	0	0
313 Textile mills	35	20	0	0
314 Textile product mills	20	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	140	10	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	30	10	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	140	35	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	115	40	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	555	240	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	55	20	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	895	270	10	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	450	125	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	205	110	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	120	50	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	615	240	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	495	150	10	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	785	115	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	215	60	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,560	400	10	15
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	475	80	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	515	165	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	5,495	1,970	50	10
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	20	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	45	20	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	680	225	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,115	405	15	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	250	70	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	640	295	10	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,860	655	20	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	565	200	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	320	105	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	13,100	5,215	75	45
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,340	490	0	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	555	225	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	760	230	10	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	630	330	0	0
445 Food and beverage stores	2,660	1,150	15	15
446 Health and personal care stores	1,995	665	10	10
447 Gasoline stations	215	35	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,785	740	15	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	525	305	10	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,455	530	15	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	740	330	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	445	190	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,625	1,135	30	15
481 Air transportation	245	100	0	10
482 Rail transportation	110	65	0	10
483 Water transportation	50	15	0	0
484 Truck transportation	850	165	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	965	260	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	25	15	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	20	20	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	560	170	0	10
491 Postal service	260	115	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	370	145	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	165	70	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,285	1,315	35	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	880	325	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	370	250	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	295	110	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,220	405	15	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	195	55	10	0
519 Other information services	330	170	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	9,930	3,330	75	40
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,530	1,725	40	25
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,750	555	15	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,555	1,005	20	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	95	35	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,265	1,320	10	0
531 Real estate	4,090	1,215	0	0
532 Rental and leasing services	160	95	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,915	4,775	110	35
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,915	4,775	105	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	210	105	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	210	100	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,980	1,725	25	0
561 Administrative and support services	3,870	1,670	20	10
562 Waste management and remediation services	105	55	0	0
61 Educational services	8,925	4,185	125	25
611 Educational services	8,925	4,185	125	25
62 Health care and social assistance	10,120	3,550	65	35
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,890	1,745	40	20
622 Hospitals	2,230	825	10	0
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	955	260	0	0
624 Social assistance	2,045	715	10	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,300	1,410	10	15
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	680	355	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	25	10	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,595	1,045	10	15
72 Accommodation and food services	6,100	2,095	30	45
721 Accommodation services	520	260	0	0
722 Food services and drinking places	5,580	1,830	30	50
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,695	1,455	25	10
811 Repair and maintenance	1,160	380	10	10
812 Personal and laundry services	1,820	525	10	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,135	445	0	0
814 Private households	585	105	0	0
91 Public administration	4,105	2,025	45	30
911 Federal government public administration	1,050	455	20	10
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,030	390	10	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,000	1,170	10	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	10	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	97,645	35,410	730	285
Worked at home	9,990	3,215	85	15
Worked outside Canada	1,040	160	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10,725	3,725	55	30
Worked at usual place	75,885	28,310	590	230
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	111,050	41,060	820	340
English	100,975	40,380	640	265
French	330	115	115	10
Non-official language	5,350	70	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,355	70	0	0
English and French	525	175	60	55
English and non-official language	3,815	310	0	10
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	15	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	111,045	41,065	825	340
None	98,140	39,890	525	305
English	2,510	95	85	10
French	900	390	185	25
Non-official language	9,265	665	20	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,270	665	25	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	130	0	0	0
French and non-official language	105	20	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	75,885	28,310	585	235
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,885	7,070	150	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	23,285	8,820	150	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35,605	12,375	285	115
Commute to a different province or territory	115	50	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	86,615	32,035	645	265
Car, truck, van - as a driver	65,225	23,855	475	165
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,960	2,015	25	20
Public transit	13,180	4,805	105	70
Walked	2,115	920	20	10
Bicycle	235	145	10	0
Other method	895	295	0	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	86,610	32,035	645	265
Less than 15 minutes	10,725	4,780	60	15
15 to 29 minutes	22,175	8,640	180	65
30 to 44 minutes	23,035	7,875	155	45
45 to 59 minutes	12,125	4,365	130	35
60 minutes and over	18,560	6,375	120	105
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	86,610	32,035	645	265
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,115	1,365	25	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,240	5,090	115	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	24,825	9,845	235	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	21,660	7,255	135	60
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15,010	4,380	60	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,765	4,100	75	65
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	192,255	75,470	1,315	725
Non-movers	170,875	68,930	1,170	650
Movers	21,385	6,540	145	75
Non-migrants	10,700	3,410	80	10
Migrants	10,685	3,130	70	60
Internal migrants	7,045	2,550	45	45
Intraprovincial migrants	6,435	2,360	50	50
Interprovincial migrants	610	190	0	0
External migrants	3,640	580	20	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	185,270	71,400	1,295	705
Non-movers	118,035	51,770	855	415
Movers	67,235	19,625	435	285
Non-migrants	31,380	10,725	235	130
Migrants	35,850	8,900	205	160
Internal migrants	21,495	7,285	135	95
Intraprovincial migrants	20,025	6,880	110	85
Interprovincial migrants	1,470	405	20	10
External migrants	14,360	1,615	65	60

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Richmond Hill, T

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.4%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.