Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Welland, CY
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	51,500	41,515	4,850	340
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	51,500	41,515	4,850	340
0 to 14 years	7,755	7,055	395	100
0 to 4 years	2,380	2,190	110	30
5 to 9 years	2,650	2,415	160	40
10 to 14 years	2,725	2,455	120	30
15 to 64 years	33,230	27,575	2,860	190
15 to 19 years	2,935	2,570	195	0
20 to 24 years	3,210	2,840	140	20
25 to 29 years	2,895	2,595	130	30
30 to 34 years	2,975	2,595	175	25
35 to 39 years	2,970	2,555	250	0
40 to 44 years	3,050	2,570	215	0
45 to 49 years	3,290	2,705	290	20
50 to 54 years	4,000	3,170	460	35
55 to 59 years	4,105	3,190	425	10
60 to 64 years	3,805	2,775	580	30
65 years and over	10,510	6,890	1,590	50
65 to 69 years	3,560	2,545	490	20
70 to 74 years	2,645	1,845	385	10
75 to 79 years	1,900	1,170	290	15
80 to 84 years	1,235	695	230	0
85 years and over	1,165	635	200	10
85 to 89 years	860	500	125	0
90 to 94 years	285	120	70	0
95 to 99 years	20	15	0	0
100 years and over	10	0	0	0
Average age	43.2	40.6	52.8	36.5
Median age	44.9	41.1	57.4	33.6
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	43,745	34,460	4,450	240
Married or living common law	24,535	18,945	2,690	125
Married	20,060	15,035	2,370	85
Living common law	4,475	3,910	320	40
Not married and not living common law	19,210	15,510	1,760	120
Never married	11,345	9,800	775	60
Separated	1,885	1,475	220	10
Divorced	3,100	2,445	345	15
Widowed	2,880	1,800	420	30
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	43,745	34,460	4,455	240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	42,030	32,980	4,335	235
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,058	37,187	38,215	38,703
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,729	29,878	30,724	30,345
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	42,045	32,990	4,335	235
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,269	32,308	33,333	33,107
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,377	27,396	28,724	26,633
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,430	28,665	3,715	205
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,409	35,016	34,407	36,794
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,089	27,101	24,565	25,422
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	33,065	25,655	3,425	175
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,197	8,688	11,030	8,910
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,229	7,468	11,450	8,444
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	28,735	23,485	2,675	175
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,006	35,049	37,157	38,672
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,863	27,942	31,240	30,466
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	80.5	81.8	77.2	81.2
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	64.6	67.1	60.0	74.4
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	19.5	18.2	22.8	16.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	43,745	34,460	4,455	240
Without total income	1,715	1,480	120	10
With total income	42,030	32,985	4,335	235
Percentage with total income	96.1	95.7	97.3	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,300	4,175	455	20
$10,000 to $19,999	8,170	6,455	815	55
$20,000 to $29,999	7,720	5,915	865	45
$30,000 to $39,999	6,005	4,680	600	40
$40,000 to $49,999	4,520	3,570	440	20
$50,000 to $59,999	3,240	2,580	380	25
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	1,670	200	0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,415	1,105	175	0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,050	835	100	0
$90,000 to $99,999	910	640	175	10
$100,000 and over	1,650	1,345	130	10
$100,000 to $149,999	1,380	1,120	115	10
$150,000 and over	270	230	15	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	43,745	34,460	4,455	240
Without after-tax income	1,705	1,470	115	0
With after-tax income	42,045	32,985	4,335	235
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	95.7	97.3	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,500	4,350	465	25
$10,000 to $19,999	8,500	6,725	845	60
$20,000 to $29,999	8,970	6,925	960	50
$30,000 to $39,999	6,645	5,165	700	35
$40,000 to $49,999	4,935	3,885	540	35
$50,000 to $59,999	2,680	2,205	285	10
$60,000 to $69,999	1,835	1,420	210	15
$70,000 to $79,999	1,300	965	215	10
$80,000 and over	1,675	1,345	125	10
$80,000 to $89,999	760	600	55	0
$90,000 to $99,999	400	310	35	0
$100,000 and over	515	435	40	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	43,745	34,460	4,455	240
Without employment income	15,010	10,980	1,780	65
With employment income	28,730	23,480	2,670	175
Percentage with employment income	65.7	68.1	59.9	72.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,250	4,000	595	too unreliable to be published F
$5,000 to $9,999	2,160	1,850	140	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	4,055	3,415	280	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	3,685	3,125	295	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	3,350	2,740	285	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	2,950	2,445	275	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	2,065	1,705	200	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	1,325	1,090	145	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040	855	100	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	2,855	2,245	355	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	750	600	95	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	840	620	155	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	1,265	1,025	105	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	43,745	34,455	4,450	240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	13,045	10,955	1,100	75
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	47,045	46,292	54,756	50,548
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	53,564	52,710	60,339	62,325
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	51,495	41,510	4,850	340
English only	43,415	38,870	240	45
French only	210	0	200	0
English and French	7,625	2,625	4,415	300
Neither English nor French	250	20	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	51,500	41,515	4,850	340
English	47,120	41,170	2,970	255
French	1,740	35	1,685	10
Non-official language	1,610	50	0	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,605	50	0	10
English and French	305	60	175	70
English and non-official language	675	180	10	0
French and non-official language	15	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	35	20	0	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	51,500	41,515	4,850	345
None	46,095	40,400	2,585	250
English	1,640	25	920	10
French	2,080	675	1,300	85
Non-official language	1,630	405	40	0
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,625	405	35	0
English and French	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	51,500	41,515	4,850	340
English	46,420	41,515	240	260
French	4,645	0	4,610	10
English and French	200	0	0	75
Neither English nor French	225	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 19}	4,745	0	4,610	50
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 20}	9.2	0.0	95.1	14.7
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 21}	51,500	41,515	4,845	340
Official languages	51,250	41,495	4,850	340
English	51,045	41,495	4,645	345
French	7,835	2,625	4,615	300
Non-official languages	6,075	1,500	135	10
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,065	1,495	135	10
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 22}	51,500	41,510	4,845	345
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 23}	2,000	1,610	345	30
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	1,880	1,505	335	35
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 25}	1,035	950	70	15
Métis	840	550	270	20
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 26}	60	55	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 27}	50	50	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	49,505	39,900	4,500	305
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	51,500	41,515	4,850	340
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 29}	505	410	80	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	51,000	41,100	4,765	335
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 30}	51,500	41,515	4,850	340
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 31}	275	195	70	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 32}	260	185	70	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 33}	170	140	30	0
Métis single ancestry	85	50	35	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 34}	15	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	2,585	2,110	430	35
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 36}	2,475	2,020	415	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,680	1,485	165	25
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	780	515	250	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 37}	105	90	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	90	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 38}	48,640	39,210	4,345	295
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 39}	51,500	41,515	4,845	345
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 40}	50,095	40,910	4,830	340
Canadian citizens only	49,250	40,540	4,800	340
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	840	365	30	0
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 41}	1,400	610	15	10
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 42}	51,500	41,510	4,845	345
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 43}	45,615	39,445	4,745	340
Immigrants^{Footnote 44}	5,435	1,980	95	0
Before 1981	3,235	1,260	15	0
1981 to 1990	550	220	10	0
1991 to 2000	485	135	0	0
2001 to 2010	745	240	55	0
2001 to 2005	320	80	25	0
2006 to 2010	435	155	30	0
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 45}	425	120	10	0
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 46}	445	85	10	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 47}	5,435	1,975	95	0
Under 5 years	725	420	25	0
5 to 14 years	1,315	495	10	0
15 to 24 years	1,365	410	0	0
25 to 44 years	1,685	530	45	0
45 years and over	345	120	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 48}	5,435	1,980	95	0
Americas	1,135	655	35	0
Brazil	20	0	0	0
Colombia	70	10	0	0
El Salvador	80	0	0	0
Guyana	15	15	0	0
Haiti	80	0	20	0
Jamaica	95	95	0	0
Mexico	15	0	0	0
Peru	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	50	0	0
United States^{Footnote 49}	490	440	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	205	35	0	0
Europe	3,410	1,195	25	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0
Croatia	170	20	0	0
France	35	10	15	0
Germany	160	40	0	0
Greece	40	10	0	0
Hungary	240	20	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 50}	25	25	0	0
Italy	1,100	95	0	0
Netherlands	210	70	0	0
Poland	195	40	0	0
Portugal	55	0	0	0
Romania	65	15	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	0	0
Serbia^{Footnote 51}	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 52}	825	815	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	240	40	10	0
Africa	255	55	25	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	25	20	0
Asia	630	65	15	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 53}	130	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 54}	30	0	0	0
India	90	20	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 55}	15	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 56}	70	0	10	0
Lebanon	40	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	10	0	0
Philippines	100	30	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 57}	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	15	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 58}	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 59}	425	120	10	0
Americas	160	70	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	10	0
Jamaica	35	30	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 60}	45	30	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 61}	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0
Europe	45	15	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 62}	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 63}	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 64}	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0	0	0
Africa	45	15	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	0	0
Asia	175	20	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 65}	35	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 66}	0	0	0	0
India	20	10	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 67}	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 68}	35	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	0	0	0
Philippines	20	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 69}	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 70}	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 71}	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 72}	51,500	41,510	4,850	345
First generation^{Footnote 73}	6,060	2,225	105	0
Second generation^{Footnote 74}	9,200	8,065	140	20
Third generation or more^{Footnote 75}	36,240	31,230	4,600	320
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 76}	2,250	755	80	0
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 77}	750	255	15	0
Principal applicants^{Footnote 78}	295	70	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 79}	460	190	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 80}	815	400	40	0
Refugees^{Footnote 81}	545	95	25	0
Other immigrants^{Footnote 82}	140	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 83}	51,500	41,515	4,850	340
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 84}	2,705	1,180	100	10
South Asian^{Footnote 85}	305	120	0	0
Chinese	375	85	10	0
Black	805	585	45	0
Filipino	115	50	0	0
Latin American	395	70	0	0
Arab	220	60	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 86}	80	35	0	0
West Asian^{Footnote 87}	10	0	0	0
Korean	180	10	10	0
Japanese	30	30	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 88}	70	70	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 89}	110	60	35	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 90}	48,795	40,335	4,745	330
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 91}	51,500	41,510	4,845	340
North American Aboriginal origins	2,865	2,305	500	45
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,965	1,720	215	25
Inuit	25	15	0	0
Métis	985	665	300	20
Other North American origins	18,450	15,240	2,970	140
Acadian	60	30	30	0
American	545	525	15	10
Canadian	17,920	14,775	2,915	140
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	65	65	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0
Québécois	70	20	45	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	10	15	0	0
European origins	40,235	33,330	3,210	270
British Isles origins	22,820	21,935	670	145
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	13,895	13,435	310	95
Irish	8,290	7,940	305	45
Manx	0	0	0	0
Scottish	8,390	8,180	165	40
Welsh	985	960	15	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	1,150	1,110	20	10
French origins	11,100	7,790	3,040	235
Alsatian	15	15	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	11,090	7,780	3,045	235
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,235	8,500	165	35
Austrian	270	225	10	0
Bavarian	10	10	0	0
Belgian	200	170	20	0
Dutch	2,800	2,570	15	10
Flemish	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0
German	6,485	6,035	130	30
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0
Swiss	170	155	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 94}	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	660	645	0	0
Danish	85	85	0	0
Finnish	195	190	0	0
Icelandic	20	25	0	0
Norwegian	140	140	0	0
Swedish	215	215	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	50	45	0	0
Eastern European origins	8,480	7,300	100	30
Bulgarian	40	45	0	0
Byelorussian	20	10	0	0
Czech	150	110	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	105	100	0	0
Estonian	35	20	0	0
Hungarian	2,930	2,465	30	20
Latvian	45	25	0	0
Lithuanian	165	160	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,385	2,080	35	10
Romanian	350	305	0	0
Russian	460	400	10	0
Slovak	325	240	10	0
Ukrainian	2,970	2,760	45	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	20	20	0	0
Southern European origins	8,715	6,530	190	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0
Croatian	630	420	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	175	120	0	0
Italian	6,995	5,400	140	35
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	35	20	0	0
Maltese	150	130	10	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	265	145	25	0
Serbian	160	150	10	0
Sicilian	20	20	0	0
Slovenian	115	85	0	0
Spanish	355	170	25	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	60	60	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	0	10	0	0
Other European origins	160	145	10	0
Basque	10	0	0	0
Jewish	100	95	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	55	35	10	0
Caribbean origins	490	390	35	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	35	35	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	30	0	10	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0
Haitian	125	40	35	0
Jamaican	190	185	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	55	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 102}	60	55	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	10	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	605	255	15	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	25	10	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	10	0	0
Chilean	40	35	0	0
Colombian	70	15	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	30	15	0	0
Guyanese	25	30	0	0
Hispanic	20	0	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0
Mexican	90	55	10	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	0	0
Salvadorean	80	35	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	110	25	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	70	20	0	0
African origins	540	265	50	10
Central and West African origins	125	90	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	60	35	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	20	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 105}	30	30	0	0
North African origins	130	10	25	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0
Berber	10	10	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	50	0	0	0
Tunisian	25	0	20	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	165	60	15	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	25	0	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	15	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	0	0	0
South African	35	30	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	30	10	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	35	15	0	0
Other African origins	135	105	15	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	15	10	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	125	90	15	0
Asian origins	1,690	765	25	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	445	295	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 111}	80	50	0	0
Armenian	45	40	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	45	30	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	30	20	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	145	110	0	0
Palestinian	45	20	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	10	0	0
Syrian	35	35	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	20	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	315	135	10	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	250	130	10	0
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	45	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	40	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	945	345	20	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0
Chinese	500	195	10	0
Filipino	160	95	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	40	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	170	0	0	0
Laotian	20	10	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	20	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 114}	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	40	40	0	0
Australian	40	45	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 116}	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 117}	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 118}	43,745	34,455	4,455	240
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,140	6,475	1,365	40
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 119}	14,340	11,910	1,270	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,260	16,075	1,825	110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,745	2,825	480	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 120}	1,775	1,350	240	25
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 121}	1,965	1,470	240	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,760	8,920	835	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	585	385	65	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,175	3,955	440	15
Bachelor's degree	3,695	2,880	335	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	370	290	25	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	25	10	0
Master's degree	980	705	70	0
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 122}	60	45	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 123}	43,745	34,460	4,455	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 124}	23,485	18,380	2,635	130
Education	1,405	1,055	190	10
13. Education	1,400	1,060	185	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	705	570	50	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	110	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	555	455	40	10
Humanities	780	635	55	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	50	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	205	175	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	165	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 125}	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	60	10	0
54. History	150	130	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	50	25	20	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,340	1,920	175	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	15	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	140	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	675	80	0
22. Legal professions and studies	220	190	15	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 126}	65	55	0	0
42. Psychology	390	315	25	0
45. Social sciences	635	530	30	0
Business, management and public administration	3,490	2,755	305	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	390	30	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,010	2,365	270	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	440	345	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	105	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	110	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 127}	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	120	85	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	35	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	540	395	60	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	390	285	45	0
25. Library science	70	55	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 128}	10	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,660	3,565	480	30
04. Architecture and related services	65	35	0	0
14. Engineering	330	175	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,155	870	120	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,105	850	90	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,055	840	125	15
48. Precision production	955	790	100	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	335	260	30	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	215	175	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	90	20	0
Health and related fields	3,600	2,975	290	20
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	290	265	15	0
51. Health professions and related programs	3,295	2,700	280	20
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,965	1,605	170	15
12. Personal and culinary services	995	790	100	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	675	580	50	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	235	25	0
Other	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 129}	43,745	34,460	4,450	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,485	18,380	2,630	130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 130}	20,260	16,080	1,820	110
Location of study inside Canada	18,580	15,255	1,770	100
Same as province or territory of residence	17,900	14,765	1,635	100
Different than province or territory of residence	685	485	140	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 131}	1,680	825	50	0
United States^{Footnote 132}	685	585	20	10
Philippines	55	15	0	0
India	65	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 133}	155	145	0	0
China^{Footnote 134}	70	0	0	0
France	20	0	15	0
Other	630	75	20	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 135}	43,745	34,460	4,455	240
In the labour force	25,225	21,040	2,165	140
Employed	23,000	19,190	1,990	135
Unemployed	2,225	1,855	175	10
Not in the labour force	18,520	13,420	2,290	100
Participation rate	57.7	61.1	48.6	58.3
Employment rate	52.6	55.7	44.7	56.2
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.8	8.1	7.1
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 136}	43,745	34,455	4,455	240
Did not work^{Footnote 137}	17,855	12,940	2,205	85
Worked	25,890	21,520	2,250	155
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 138}	13,355	11,200	1,130	75
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 139}	12,535	10,325	1,120	80
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	43.0	42.7	43.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 140}	26,750	22,215	2,315	160
a.Management	2,275	1,860	175	20
00 Senior management occupations	120	80	15	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	675	535	65	10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,010	855	55	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	470	385	45	10
b.Professional	3,105	2,420	330	20
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	485	400	45	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	370	270	30	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	415	335	20	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	100	65	10	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,030	780	160	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	525	415	65	10
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	180	150	10	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	2,705	2,280	210	0
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	640	540	45	10
32 Technical occupations in health	650	580	40	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	690	550	65	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	290	245	30	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	430	370	30	0
d.Administration and administrative support	2,985	2,450	295	25
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,170	920	155	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	195	160	20	10
14 Office support occupations	980	810	85	10
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	640	565	40	10
e.Sales	2,815	2,490	170	10
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	515	445	45	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,170	1,060	50	0
66 Sales support occupations	1,130	985	75	0
f.Personal and customer information services	6,505	5,390	500	40
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	780	660	55	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	570	495	40	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,035	830	75	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,925	1,500	230	20
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	2,195	1,905	110	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	2,330	1,960	245	10
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	1,555	1,305	150	10
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	770	655	95	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	2,015	1,610	240	35
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	465	360	70	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,140	935	115	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	410	315	55	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	580	490	40	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	60	45	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	140	120	10	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	380	325	30	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,440	1,255	110	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	210	180	15	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	380	335	35	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	405	325	45	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	450	410	20	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	26,750	22,210	2,315	160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	280	10	0
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 142}	300	280	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	70	15	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	65	50	10	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	0
22 Utilities	185	165	0	0
221 Utilities	185	165	0	0
23 Construction	2,105	1,665	270	20
236 Construction of buildings	565	445	70	10
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	305	245	45	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	1,240	975	155	15
31-33 Manufacturing	2,515	2,075	255	15
311 Food manufacturing	185	160	10	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	30	25	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	10	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	30	20	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	95	75	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	40	30	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	55	50	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	10	10	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	105	80	15	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	95	80	10	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	70	55	10	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	360	300	45	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	420	355	50	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	180	135	20	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	45	40	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	50	35	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	585	485	70	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	55	50	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	95	80	10	10
41 Wholesale trade	835	720	55	0
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	40	35	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	115	100	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	60	55	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	60	50	10	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	190	170	10	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	220	180	20	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	135	120	15	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	10	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	3,400	2,960	200	10
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	420	380	20	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	115	95	10	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	100	95	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	200	190	15	0
445 Food and beverage stores	825	720	30	0
446 Health and personal care stores	310	250	30	0
447 Gasoline stations	50	50	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	355	325	15	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	115	90	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	600	505	45	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	235	210	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	70	55	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,125	960	85	10
481 Air transportation	30	20	0	0
482 Rail transportation	40	40	0	0
483 Water transportation	45	45	10	0
484 Truck transportation	435	350	30	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	215	175	30	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	15	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	140	120	10	0
491 Postal service	80	85	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	80	70	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	45	40	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	335	285	20	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	120	110	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	45	40	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	15	15	0	0
517 Telecommunications	95	75	10	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	10	0	0	0
519 Other information services	50	40	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	960	730	170	0
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	655	475	140	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	65	55	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	235	200	25	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	320	10	10
531 Real estate	325	280	10	0
532 Rental and leasing services	40	35	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,055	835	85	0
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,055	835	85	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,915	1,540	165	35
561 Administrative and support services	1,825	1,465	165	35
562 Waste management and remediation services	85	80	0	0
61 Educational services	2,165	1,720	285	10
611 Educational services	2,170	1,715	280	10
62 Health care and social assistance	3,425	2,875	255	10
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,000	860	60	0
622 Hospitals	735	595	60	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	965	825	75	10
624 Social assistance	725	600	65	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	965	850	50	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	135	120	10	0
712 Heritage institutions	110	100	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	720	630	50	0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,355	2,000	120	10
721 Accommodation services	490	395	25	10
722 Food services and drinking places	1,865	1,605	90	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,245	1,040	105	10
811 Repair and maintenance	455	400	40	0
812 Personal and laundry services	490	390	45	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	265	220	20	0
814 Private households	30	30	0	0
91 Public administration	1,390	1,090	165	20
911 Federal government public administration	295	195	55	10
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	210	140	25	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	890	750	75	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 143}	23,000	19,190	1,990	140
Worked at home	950	820	55	0
Worked outside Canada	115	100	10	0
No fixed workplace address	2,545	2,145	185	25
Worked at usual place	19,390	16,120	1,745	110
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	26,750	22,210	2,320	160
English	25,800	22,025	1,720	135
French	625	130	460	0
Non-official language	55	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	55	0	0	0
English and French	225	60	145	15
English and non-official language	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 145}	26,750	22,210	2,320	160
None	25,280	21,785	1,510	140
English	390	80	260	0
French	865	275	550	10
Non-official language	200	65	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	200	65	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	19,385	16,125	1,740	110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,130	6,555	865	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,600	8,180	745	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,605	1,335	135	0
Commute to a different province or territory	50	55	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	21,930	18,270	1,930	135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	18,750	15,545	1,720	110
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,345	1,185	85	10
Public transit	540	440	30	10
Walked	820	670	60	10
Bicycle	220	200	0	0
Other method	260	215	20	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	21,930	18,270	1,925	135
Less than 15 minutes	7,460	6,040	775	35
15 to 29 minutes	7,925	6,660	665	65
30 to 44 minutes	4,175	3,540	315	30
45 to 59 minutes	1,005	895	70	0
60 minutes and over	1,365	1,130	95	0
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	21,935	18,265	1,930	135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,815	1,485	185	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,070	3,425	345	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,095	4,210	495	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,605	3,745	455	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,110	1,740	150	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,240	3,665	290	40
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 149}	51,055	41,105	4,830	330
Non-movers	44,325	35,530	4,395	280
Movers	6,735	5,570	435	45
Non-migrants	3,840	3,305	275	20
Migrants	2,900	2,270	155	20
Internal migrants	2,645	2,170	160	25
Intraprovincial migrants	2,480	2,065	105	25
Interprovincial migrants	160	105	55	0
External migrants	255	100	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 150}	49,120	39,325	4,735	310
Non-movers	31,070	24,310	3,375	180
Movers	18,045	15,020	1,360	135
Non-migrants	9,880	8,415	930	75
Migrants	8,165	6,600	430	55
Internal migrants	7,325	6,285	420	55
Intraprovincial migrants	6,810	5,880	375	50
Interprovincial migrants	520	405	45	10
External migrants	840	315	10	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

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The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

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Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 64

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Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 133

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Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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