Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Chatham-Kent

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	99,775	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	99,775	96,895	2,300	105	475	2,355
0 to 14 years	16,715	16,400	75	40	210	95
0 to 4 years	5,265	5,090	10	10	160	15
5 to 9 years	5,675	5,600	40	15	20	50
10 to 14 years	5,780	5,720	20	15	25	30
15 to 64 years	63,325	61,740	1,385	60	140	1,410
15 to 19 years	6,085	6,040	25	10	10	35
20 to 24 years	5,520	5,450	60	0	15	60
25 to 29 years	5,080	5,000	60	15	0	70
30 to 34 years	5,500	5,405	70	15	15	75
35 to 39 years	5,325	5,170	110	10	35	115
40 to 44 years	5,525	5,410	115	0	0	115
45 to 49 years	6,165	6,015	140	0	10	145
50 to 54 years	8,050	7,765	265	10	15	265
55 to 59 years	8,520	8,230	260	0	30	260
60 to 64 years	7,550	7,260	275	0	15	275
65 years and over	19,730	18,750	840	15	125	850
65 to 69 years	6,970	6,685	270	0	15	270
70 to 74 years	4,815	4,590	200	0	25	200
75 to 79 years	3,505	3,310	150	10	35	160
80 to 84 years	2,390	2,235	130	0	20	130
85 years and over	2,055	1,930	90	0	30	90
85 to 89 years	1,440	1,345	70	0	20	70
90 to 94 years	515	485	20	0	10	20
95 to 99 years	90	90	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	15	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.7	42.4	57.1	27.4	35.6	not applicable ...
Median age	45.1	44.6	59.6	26.5	33.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	83,060	80,495	2,230	70	270	2,260
Married or living common law	49,830	48,120	1,500	35	175	1,520
Married	42,035	40,555	1,280	35	165	1,300
Living common law	7,800	7,570	220	0	10	225
Not married and not living common law	33,225	32,375	725	35	90	740
Never married	19,735	19,390	310	25	15	320
Separated	2,805	2,745	55	0	0	55
Divorced	5,265	5,075	180	0	10	180
Widowed	5,420	5,170	185	0	60	185
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	83,060	80,495	2,225	65	265	2,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,505	78,010	2,185	55	255	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,021	38,979	42,358	40,156	23,302	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,905	30,859	35,932	30,878	18,976	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,535	78,030	2,185	60	255	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,572	33,520	36,767	34,530	22,163	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,424	28,363	32,430	28,446	18,976	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,735	68,645	1,855	50	190	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,468	36,476	38,382	36,880	14,661	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,518	27,537	29,623	23,724	7,521	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	60,850	58,765	1,820	45	220	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,233	9,135	11,704	10,852	14,612	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,383	8,262	12,958	11,919	14,482	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,470	56,005	1,325	45	100	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,172	35,161	36,590	39,281	20,312	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,252	27,190	31,053	33,295	15,996	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	82.1	82.3	76.9	68.9	46.9	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	64.4	64.8	52.4	73.4	31.8	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	17.9	17.7	23.0	22.1	53.1	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	83,060	80,495	2,225	65	270	2,260
Without total income	2,555	2,490	45	10	10	45
With total income	80,505	78,010	2,185	55	260	2,215
Percentage with total income	96.9	96.9	98.2	84.6	96.3	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,075	10,870	165	too unreliable to be published F	35	170
$10,000 to $19,999	14,900	14,415	360	too unreliable to be published F	105	370
$20,000 to $29,999	13,180	12,720	390	too unreliable to be published F	75	390
$30,000 to $39,999	10,935	10,570	340	too unreliable to be published F	15	345
$40,000 to $49,999	9,195	8,840	335	too unreliable to be published F	15	340
$50,000 to $59,999	6,135	5,960	160	too unreliable to be published F	10	165
$60,000 to $69,999	4,455	4,305	145	too unreliable to be published F	0	145
$70,000 to $79,999	2,805	2,750	55	too unreliable to be published F	0	55
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245	2,165	70	too unreliable to be published F	0	75
$90,000 to $99,999	1,785	1,725	60	too unreliable to be published F	0	65
$100,000 and over	3,785	3,685	95	too unreliable to be published F	0	95
$100,000 to $149,999	2,790	2,710	75	too unreliable to be published F	0	75
$150,000 and over	995	975	20	too unreliable to be published F	0	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	83,060	80,495	2,230	65	270	2,260
Without after-tax income	2,525	2,460	40	10	10	45
With after-tax income	80,535	78,035	2,185	60	255	2,215
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	98.0	92.3	94.4	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,445	11,230	175	too unreliable to be published F	35	175
$10,000 to $19,999	15,545	15,055	365	too unreliable to be published F	105	375
$20,000 to $29,999	15,430	14,865	480	too unreliable to be published F	75	485
$30,000 to $39,999	12,810	12,385	405	too unreliable to be published F	15	405
$40,000 to $49,999	9,440	9,110	300	too unreliable to be published F	15	305
$50,000 to $59,999	5,670	5,485	180	too unreliable to be published F	0	185
$60,000 to $69,999	3,705	3,615	80	too unreliable to be published F	0	80
$70,000 to $79,999	2,575	2,475	95	too unreliable to be published F	0	100
$80,000 and over	3,915	3,810	100	too unreliable to be published F	0	105
$80,000 to $89,999	1,555	1,515	40	too unreliable to be published F	0	35
$90,000 to $99,999	840	825	15	too unreliable to be published F	0	15
$100,000 and over	1,520	1,470	45	too unreliable to be published F	0	50
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	83,055	80,495	2,225	70	270	2,260
Without employment income	25,585	24,490	900	25	170	910
With employment income	57,475	56,005	1,325	40	95	1,350
Percentage with employment income	69.2	69.6	59.6	57.1	35.2	59.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,070	10,805	230	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	235
$5,000 to $9,999	4,830	4,730	80	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	85
$10,000 to $19,999	7,715	7,530	145	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	145
$20,000 to $29,999	7,025	6,830	180	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	180
$30,000 to $39,999	6,530	6,315	205	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	205
$40,000 to $49,999	5,425	5,245	165	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	170
$50,000 to $59,999	4,100	4,025	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895	2,825	65	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70
$70,000 to $79,999	2,050	2,010	30	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	35
$80,000 and over	5,845	5,680	155	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	160
$80,000 to $89,999	1,605	1,560	40	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	45
$90,000 to $99,999	1,595	1,550	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	45
$100,000 and over	2,645	2,570	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	83,055	80,500	2,225	65	270	2,260
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	26,205	25,600	560	15	35	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	46,116	46,162	45,240	0	32,506	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	53,694	53,730	52,606	0	35,704	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	99,775	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
English only	92,200	92,200	0	0	0	0
French only	90	0	90	0	0	95
English and French	6,990	4,680	2,205	100	0	2,255
Neither English nor French	500	15	0	0	475	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	99,775	96,895	2,300	105	475	2,355
English	95,030	93,340	1,695	0	0	1,690
French	555	30	530	0	0	525
Non-official language	2,895	2,385	10	30	475	25
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,890	2,375	10	30	475	25
English and French	180	55	60	65	0	95
English and non-official language	1,095	1,085	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	0	15	0	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	99,775	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
None	94,015	92,015	1,440	100	465	1,485
English	1,415	1,145	250	10	10	260
French	1,755	1,165	590	0	0	585
Non-official language	2,540	2,530	15	0	0	15
Aboriginal	120	120	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,425	2,415	10	0	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	20	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	99,780	96,895	2,295	110	475	2,350
English	88,500	88,495	0	0	0	10
French	2,575	310	2,260	0	0	2,265
Non-official language	7,810	7,295	10	35	475	25
Aboriginal	15	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,795	7,280	10	30	475	25
English and French	305	230	10	65	0	40
English and non-official language	555	555	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	0	20	0	0	20
English, French and non-official language	15	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	99,775	96,895	2,300	105	475	2,355
Official languages	99,280	96,875	2,300	100	0	2,350
English	99,185	96,880	2,205	100	0	2,255
French	7,080	4,680	2,300	100	0	2,350
Non-official languages	9,675	9,050	110	45	475	135
Aboriginal languages	160	165	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,515	8,885	110	45	470	135
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	99,775	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	4,070	3,895	170	0	0	175
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	4,000	3,825	170	0	0	170
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	2,445	2,420	20	0	0	25
Métis	1,530	1,390	145	0	0	145
Inuk (Inuit)	20	20	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	25	30	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	45	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	95,710	92,995	2,130	105	475	2,180
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	99,775	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	1,805	1,770	35	0	0	40
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	97,970	95,125	2,260	110	475	2,320
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	99,780	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	1,245	1,215	25	0	0	25
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	1,235	1,215	20	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	1,095	1,090	0	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	140	125	15	0	0	15
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	4,410	4,170	235	0	0	235
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	4,315	4,090	225	0	0	225
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,855	2,765	85	0	0	85
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,435	1,295	140	0	0	135
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	25	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	90	80	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	80	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	94,125	91,505	2,035	110	475	2,090
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	99,775	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	97,880	95,120	2,295	110	360	2,345
Canadian citizens only	96,580	93,845	2,270	100	360	2,325
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,300	1,270	20	10	0	25
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	1,895	1,775	10	0	115	10
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	99,775	96,895	2,300	105	475	2,355
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	90,795	88,305	2,220	90	180	2,265
Immigrants^Footnote 42	8,635	8,270	75	20	270	85
Before 1981	4,675	4,550	50	0	70	50
1981 to 1990	1,140	1,090	10	0	40	0
1991 to 2000	1,050	980	15	10	45	20
2001 to 2010	1,110	1,060	0	10	35	10
2001 to 2005	585	565	0	0	20	10
2006 to 2010	515	495	0	0	15	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	660	585	0	0	75	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	350	325	0	0	30	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	8,630	8,270	75	15	270	85
Under 5 years	1,500	1,485	10	0	0	10
5 to 14 years	2,200	2,135	15	15	45	20
15 to 24 years	2,020	1,975	10	0	35	10
25 to 44 years	2,570	2,410	40	10	115	40
45 years and over	345	270	10	0	70	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	8,635	8,270	80	15	270	85
Americas	2,675	2,545	10	10	120	15
Brazil	20	20	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	30	10	0	0	10
El Salvador	45	50	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	140	140	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,350	1,225	0	0	115	10
Peru	10	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	65	60	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	870	870	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	140	135	0	0	0	0
Europe	4,535	4,400	45	0	85	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	65	60	10	0	0	10
France	15	10	10	0	0	10
Germany	225	225	0	0	0	0
Greece	70	65	0	0	0	0
Hungary	75	80	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	50	50	0	0	0	0
Italy	320	295	10	0	15	10
Netherlands	1,135	1,120	0	0	10	0
Poland	280	275	0	0	10	0
Portugal	450	390	0	0	60	0
Romania	60	65	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	25	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	40	40	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	50	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	1,195	1,185	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	470	455	15	0	0	15
Africa	155	135	20	0	0	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	20	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	30	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	65	15	0	0	15
Asia	1,235	1,165	10	10	65	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	30	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	195	180	0	0	15	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	20	20	0	0	0	0
India	240	220	0	10	15	0
Iran^Footnote 53	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	15	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	80	75	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	50	45	0	0	0	10
Pakistan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Philippines	170	170	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	20	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	140	110	0	0	25	0
Other places of birth in Asia	190	180	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	660	580	0	0	75	0
Americas	370	310	0	0	55	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	55	0	0	0	0
Mexico	225	170	0	0	55	0
United States^Footnote 58	75	80	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0
Europe	45	50	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	15	15	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	15	15	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	220	205	0	0	15	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	30	20	0	0	10	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	80	80	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	50	50	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	25	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	99,775	96,895	2,295	110	475	2,350
First generation^Footnote 71	9,325	8,930	80	20	295	85
Second generation^Footnote 72	15,650	15,340	125	35	160	145
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	74,800	72,630	2,100	55	20	2,125
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	4,100	3,855	30	10	205	35
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	1,420	1,350	10	10	50	15
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	505	480	0	0	25	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	910	870	10	10	30	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	1,865	1,750	10	0	110	0
Refugees^Footnote 79	705	650	15	0	35	20
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	110	105	0	0	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	99,775	96,895	2,300	110	475	2,355
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	4,530	4,395	25	20	95	30
South Asian^Footnote 83	625	595	0	10	20	0
Chinese	355	340	0	0	15	0
Black	2,125	2,110	10	0	0	10
Filipino	230	230	0	0	0	0
Latin American	195	180	0	10	10	10
Arab	170	160	0	10	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	300	255	0	0	40	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	25	25	0	0	0	0
Korean	145	140	0	0	0	0
Japanese	90	95	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	110	100	10	0	0	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	150	155	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	95,245	92,500	2,275	90	380	2,315
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	99,775	96,895	2,300	105	475	2,350
North American Aboriginal origins	5,650	5,390	260	0	0	260
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,045	3,940	110	0	0	105
Inuit	40	30	10	0	0	10
Métis	1,675	1,510	170	0	0	165
Other North American origins	39,210	37,920	1,205	35	50	1,225
Acadian	30	10	20	0	0	25
American	1,610	1,580	25	0	0	25
Canadian	38,280	37,020	1,175	35	45	1,195
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	60	60	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	45	35	0	0	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	15	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	75,575	73,435	1,760	55	320	1,790
British Isles origins	49,005	48,700	280	25	0	290
Channel Islander	10	15	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	30,900	30,710	160	15	10	175
Irish	19,340	19,245	85	10	0	90
Manx	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	18,930	18,870	50	0	10	50
Welsh	1,700	1,700	0	10	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,690	1,675	10	0	0	10
French origins	20,390	18,710	1,640	35	10	1,655
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	20,390	18,705	1,640	35	0	1,655
Western European origins (except French origins)	25,875	25,485	145	20	225	155
Austrian	225	225	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	5,060	5,025	30	10	0	25
Dutch	11,395	11,355	15	0	15	15
Flemish	135	140	0	0	0	0
Frisian	70	70	0	0	0	0
German	11,285	10,960	100	10	210	105
Luxembourger	15	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	230	230	0	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,345	1,335	10	0	0	0
Danish	370	370	0	0	0	0
Finnish	220	220	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	25	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	200	195	0	0	0	10
Swedish	440	440	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	105	105	0	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	8,530	8,445	50	10	20	55
Bulgarian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Czech	1,060	1,050	0	10	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	535	535	0	0	0	10
Estonian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,400	1,385	10	0	0	15
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	10
Lithuanian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,230	2,205	10	0	15	15
Romanian	640	635	10	0	0	0
Russian	770	750	10	0	10	0
Slovak	560	560	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,110	2,100	10	0	0	10
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	35	35	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	5,305	5,160	60	10	70	65
Albanian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	175	175	10	0	0	10
Cypriot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	320	325	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,620	2,560	40	0	15	40
Kosovar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	50	0	0	0	0
Maltese	160	160	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	20	20	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,310	1,240	0	10	55	10
Serbian	155	150	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Spanish	405	395	10	0	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	260	260	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	220	215	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	110	110	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	105	100	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	620	620	0	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	360	360	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	40	40	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	30	30	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,240	1,140	10	10	80	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	45	40	0	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	20	25	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	915	825	0	10	80	0
Nicaraguan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	90	90	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	10	10	0	0	0	0
African origins	1,115	1,090	15	10	0	20
Central and West African origins	30	30	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	25	20	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Libyan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	65	45	15	0	0	15
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	0	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	995	995	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	170	165	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	830	830	0	0	0	0
Asian origins	2,475	2,385	0	10	85	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	535	530	0	0	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	35	35	0	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	30	30	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	355	355	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	25	25	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	15	15	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	655	620	0	10	25	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	490	465	0	10	20	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	45	40	0	10	0	0
Punjabi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	65	60	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,300	1,245	0	0	55	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	465	450	0	0	15	0
Filipino	290	285	0	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Japanese	115	115	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	155	160	0	0	10	0
Laotian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	40	40	0	0	0	0
Thai	55	50	0	0	10	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	225	195	0	0	30	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	20	20	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	45	45	0	0	0	0
Australian	35	30	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	83,060	80,495	2,230	70	265	2,260
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,980	19,085	670	10	215	680
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	25,005	24,360	580	15	45	595
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,075	37,055	970	40	10	990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,210	6,050	155	0	0	160
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,765	2,685	85	0	0	80
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	3,445	3,365	75	0	0	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,425	20,895	515	20	0	520
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,045	1,020	25	0	0	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,400	9,095	280	20	10	290
Bachelor's degree	6,980	6,760	210	10	0	210
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	710	680	30	0	0	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	205	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,385	1,345	30	15	0	35
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	115	100	15	0	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	83,060	80,495	2,225	65	265	2,260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	44,985	43,445	1,255	30	255	1,265
Education	2,345	2,210	125	10	0	130
13. Education	2,340	2,210	125	0	0	125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	820	805	15	0	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	120	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	700	685	15	0	0	15
Humanities	1,530	1,460	65	10	0	70
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	90	85	0	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	380	380	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	345	330	10	0	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	115	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	260	20	0	0	20
54. History	220	210	0	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	95	65	25	0	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,425	4,350	75	0	0	75
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	55	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	260	15	0	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,110	2,075	35	0	0	35
22. Legal professions and studies	445	450	0	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	55	55	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	575	570	0	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	910	900	10	0	0	15
Business, management and public administration	6,540	6,405	130	10	0	135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	560	10	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,960	5,835	120	0	0	120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	790	755	35	0	0	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	295	0	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	175	10	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	155	145	10	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	130	10	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,030	1,020	0	0	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	780	775	10	0	0	10
25. Library science	80	75	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	150	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	20	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,040	7,805	225	0	10	230
04. Architecture and related services	180	170	15	0	0	15
14. Engineering	535	520	10	0	10	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,640	1,595	45	0	0	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,525	1,485	35	10	0	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,445	2,385	60	0	0	60
48. Precision production	1,715	1,660	55	0	0	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,875	1,820	55	0	10	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,580	1,530	50	0	0	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	295	0	0	10	0
Health and related fields	7,595	7,430	160	10	0	155
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	540	530	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,990	6,840	155	10	0	155
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	65	70	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,070	2,985	85	10	0	85
12. Personal and culinary services	1,565	1,515	55	0	0	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	910	880	25	10	0	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	580	565	10	0	0	10
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	83,060	80,495	2,230	70	265	2,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,985	43,445	1,255	35	260	1,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	38,070	37,050	975	40	10	995
Location of study inside Canada	35,800	34,830	935	30	10	950
Same as province or territory of residence	34,710	33,845	830	30	10	845
Different than province or territory of residence	1,085	985	105	0	0	105
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	2,275	2,225	40	10	10	45
United States^Footnote 130	830	820	10	0	0	15
Philippines	80	75	0	0	0	0
India	130	125	0	0	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	335	330	10	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	35	35	0	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other	860	835	15	10	0	15
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	83,060	80,495	2,225	70	270	not applicable ...
In the labour force	49,960	48,780	1,080	30	65	not applicable ...
Employed	46,195	45,065	1,025	30	70	not applicable ...
Unemployed	3,770	3,715	55	0	0	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	33,095	31,715	1,145	35	200	not applicable ...
Participation rate	60.1	60.6	48.5	42.9	24.1	not applicable ...
Employment rate	55.6	56.0	46.1	42.9	25.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.6	5.1	0.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	83,060	80,495	2,225	70	270	2,260
Did not work^Footnote 135	30,695	29,435	1,055	30	175	1,065
Worked	52,365	51,055	1,175	35	95	1,195
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	26,870	26,245	570	10	40	575
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	25,490	24,810	610	25	50	615
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.7	42.3	45.3	33.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	53,870	52,540	1,195	40	95	1,210
a.Management	5,705	5,540	160	0	0	160
00 Senior management occupations	295	285	0	0	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,175	1,145	30	0	0	30
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,810	1,780	25	0	0	25
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,425	2,325	95	0	10	95
b.Professional	6,200	6,005	170	20	10	180
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	865	855	10	0	0	10
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	910	895	0	0	10	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,115	1,095	15	0	0	15
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	420	405	0	0	0	10
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,710	1,585	115	10	0	120
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	895	880	15	0	0	15
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	290	285	0	0	0	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,525	4,425	95	0	0	90
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,230	1,215	15	0	0	20
32 Technical occupations in health	995	980	15	0	0	15
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,205	1,180	30	0	0	30
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	400	390	15	0	0	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	690	670	20	0	0	20
d.Administration and administrative support	5,715	5,600	110	0	10	110
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	2,145	2,105	45	0	0	45
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	565	565	10	0	0	10
14 Office support occupations	2,045	1,980	55	0	10	60
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	955	955	10	0	0	10
e.Sales	4,960	4,890	60	0	0	65
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	805	790	10	0	0	10
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,230	2,190	35	0	0	35
66 Sales support occupations	1,930	1,905	20	0	10	20
f.Personal and customer information services	10,495	10,255	215	0	15	220
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,265	1,235	30	0	0	30
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	990	960	25	0	0	25
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,645	1,625	15	0	0	15
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	2,740	2,690	50	0	0	50
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,855	3,745	100	0	0	105
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,645	4,545	95	10	0	95
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,900	2,840	55	10	0	55
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,745	1,705	40	0	0	40
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,575	4,430	135	10	10	135
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	880	855	20	0	0	20
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,880	2,770	100	0	10	95
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	815	800	15	0	0	15
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,690	2,605	50	0	40	50
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	295	285	0	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,630	1,565	35	0	30	30
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	765	745	10	0	10	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,355	4,240	100	10	10	105
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	570	560	15	0	0	15
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	835	820	15	0	0	20
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,525	1,490	20	0	10	20
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,435	1,375	50	10	0	55
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	53,875	52,545	1,195	40	100	1,210
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,585	4,415	130	0	40	130
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	4,180	4,020	120	0	40	115
113 Forestry and logging	15	15	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	80	70	0	0	0	10
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	315	310	10	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	175	0	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	95	95	10	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	15	20	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	65	65	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,075	1,055	15	0	0	15
221 Utilities	1,075	1,060	15	0	0	15
23 Construction	3,565	3,485	70	10	0	75
236 Construction of buildings	945	930	20	0	0	20
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	395	380	15	0	0	15
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,225	2,170	45	0	0	50
31-33 Manufacturing	6,845	6,670	150	10	15	155
311 Food manufacturing	725	680	35	10	0	35
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	65	65	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	110	95	10	0	0	10
315 Clothing manufacturing	20	20	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	120	120	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	55	50	10	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	115	110	0	0	0	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	35	30	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	335	325	10	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	555	535	10	0	10	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	160	150	10	0	0	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	405	400	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	875	855	20	0	0	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	790	785	10	0	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	30	25	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	65	60	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,970	1,935	35	0	0	35
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	195	190	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	235	230	0	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	1,975	1,930	35	0	0	35
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	135	135	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	145	140	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	270	265	0	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	145	145	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	250	250	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	245	240	10	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	385	370	10	0	10	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	370	360	0	0	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	30	30	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,280	6,200	70	0	10	70
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	830	815	15	0	0	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	185	185	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	280	275	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	565	550	10	0	0	15
445 Food and beverage stores	1,435	1,430	10	0	0	0
446 Health and personal care stores	515	515	0	0	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	215	215	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	420	420	0	0	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	230	225	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	935	920	15	0	10	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	465	455	10	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	200	185	15	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,755	2,665	80	0	10	75
481 Air transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	1,525	1,465	55	0	10	55
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	425	410	15	0	10	15
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	170	170	0	0	0	0
491 Postal service	180	175	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	265	260	15	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	155	150	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	830	785	45	0	0	40
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	145	140	0	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	75	75	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	75	75	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	395	360	35	0	0	35
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	20	20	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	115	110	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,190	1,175	15	0	0	15
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	580	575	10	0	0	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	155	150	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	460	445	0	0	0	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	600	590	15	0	0	20
531 Real estate	530	510	15	0	0	15
532 Rental and leasing services	70	70	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,655	1,625	30	0	0	30
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,655	1,625	30	0	0	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	20	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	20	20	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,860	2,800	65	0	0	60
561 Administrative and support services	2,685	2,630	55	0	0	55
562 Waste management and remediation services	175	170	10	0	0	10
61 Educational services	3,225	2,990	225	10	0	230
611 Educational services	3,220	2,985	225	10	0	230
62 Health care and social assistance	6,610	6,510	90	10	0	95
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,680	1,645	30	0	0	30
622 Hospitals	1,495	1,475	20	0	0	20
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,110	2,080	30	0	0	30
624 Social assistance	1,330	1,310	10	0	0	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	995	985	0	0	0	10
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	200	200	0	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	35	35	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	765	755	10	0	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,735	3,680	40	10	10	45
721 Accommodation services	295	280	10	0	0	15
722 Food services and drinking places	3,445	3,400	30	0	10	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,450	2,400	40	0	0	45
811 Repair and maintenance	985	970	20	0	0	20
812 Personal and laundry services	655	640	10	0	0	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	640	635	0	0	0	0
814 Private households	170	160	10	0	0	0
91 Public administration	2,440	2,375	60	0	0	60
911 Federal government public administration	635	605	30	0	0	25
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	335	330	10	0	0	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,430	1,410	25	0	0	25
914 Aboriginal public administration	30	30	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	46,190	45,065	1,025	30	70	1,045
Worked at home	3,420	3,335	85	0	0	85
Worked outside Canada	175	170	10	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,855	4,680	160	10	10	160
Worked at usual place	37,740	36,875	785	25	60	795
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	53,870	52,540	1,195	40	95	1,210
English	53,120	52,100	945	25	45	960
French	410	180	220	10	0	225
Non-official language	145	100	0	0	45	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	145	100	0	0	45	0
English and French	100	65	25	10	0	30
English and non-official language	100	95	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	53,870	52,540	1,195	40	100	1,210
None	52,330	51,380	855	30	65	870
English	290	175	110	0	0	105
French	585	360	220	0	0	225
Non-official language	650	615	10	10	25	0
Aboriginal	35	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	615	580	10	0	25	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	37,740	36,880	780	25	55	795
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,715	31,005	650	15	50	655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	60	55	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,915	5,765	125	15	10	130
Commute to a different province or territory	55	50	10	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	42,595	41,560	940	30	65	955
Car, truck, van - as a driver	36,615	35,715	835	30	35	850
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,680	2,620	45	0	20	45
Public transit	445	440	0	0	0	0
Walked	2,100	2,060	30	0	10	30
Bicycle	370	365	10	0	0	0
Other method	380	360	15	10	0	15
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	42,590	41,560	940	30	65	955
Less than 15 minutes	20,360	19,880	445	0	25	450
15 to 29 minutes	12,195	11,865	300	0	25	300
30 to 44 minutes	5,925	5,810	95	10	10	100
45 to 59 minutes	2,020	1,965	45	10	0	45
60 minutes and over	2,095	2,040	45	10	0	50
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	42,590	41,560	935	30	65	955
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,425	3,360	60	0	10	65
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,675	8,420	245	0	15	245
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,340	10,995	305	20	25	315
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,890	7,720	160	10	0	170
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,870	3,820	50	0	0	55
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,380	7,250	120	0	10	115
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	98,775	95,950	2,300	100	420	2,350
Non-movers	88,765	86,165	2,135	100	370	2,180
Movers	10,005	9,785	165	0	50	165
Non-migrants	6,700	6,585	115	0	0	115
Migrants	3,310	3,200	55	0	50	60
Internal migrants	2,965	2,890	55	10	20	55
Intraprovincial migrants	2,710	2,645	45	10	20	45
Interprovincial migrants	250	245	10	0	0	0
External migrants	345	315	0	0	30	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	94,505	91,805	2,290	100	310	2,340
Non-movers	66,110	64,130	1,755	70	160	1,785
Movers	28,400	27,680	535	30	150	555
Non-migrants	19,580	19,125	370	15	65	380
Migrants	8,825	8,555	165	15	85	170
Internal migrants	7,940	7,730	165	15	30	170
Intraprovincial migrants	7,125	6,945	140	15	25	150
Interprovincial migrants	810	790	20	0	0	20
External migrants	880	820	0	0	55	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Chatham-Kent

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.