Data tables, 2016 Census

Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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This table details visible minority , age , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Petawawa
Data quality
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (900) Sex (3)
Total - Sex Male Female
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data 16,320 8,520 7,800
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons 13,195 6,660 6,525
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household) 3,595 1,805 1,795
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household) 8,575 4,420 4,160
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household) 1,020 440 580
Persons in multigenerational householdsFootnote 2 665 280 385
Persons in other census family householdsFootnote 3 450 240 215
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households 620 480 140
Persons living alone (one-person households) 1,390 860 530
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 4 12,520 6,530 5,990
Married or living common law 8,530 4,270 4,265
Married 6,480 3,250 3,235
Living common law 2,050 1,020 1,030
Not married and not living common law 3,990 2,260 1,730
Never married 2,745 1,770 970
Separated 365 195 165
Divorced 595 245 345
Widowed 295 50 245
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 5 16,025 8,370 7,650
Non-movers 13,220 6,890 6,330
Movers 2,805 1,480 1,325
Non-migrants 1,235 735 500
Migrants 1,570 745 825
Internal migrants 1,530 725 805
Intraprovincial migrants 1,035 500 530
Interprovincial migrants 500 220 280
External migrants 40 25 20
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 6 14,775 7,710 7,065
Non-movers 6,975 3,540 3,440
Movers 7,795 4,165 3,630
Non-migrants 2,465 1,415 1,045
Migrants 5,330 2,745 2,585
Internal migrants 5,185 2,680 2,505
Intraprovincial migrants 3,355 1,705 1,650
Interprovincial migrants 1,825 970 855
External migrants 145 65 85
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 7 16,320 8,520 7,800
English 14,705 7,705 7,000
French 1,555 775 780
English and French 50 40 15
Neither English nor French 10 0 10
Official language minority (number)Footnote 8 1,580 790 785
Official language minority (percentage)Footnote 9 9.7 9.3 10.1
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 10 16,320 8,520 7,795
English 14,065 7,460 6,610
French 1,540 760 780
Non-official language 525 195 325
English and French 125 75 50
English and non-official language 45 30 15
French and non-official language 0 10 10
English, French and non-official language 0 0 10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 11 16,320 8,520 7,800
English 15,100 7,910 7,185
French 885 440 445
Non-official language 140 70 70
English and French 125 75 50
English and non-official language 70 25 45
French and non-official language 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 12 16,320 8,525 7,800
Knowledge of one language 12,535 6,700 5,840
English only 12,375 6,610 5,765
French only 150 80 75
Non-official language only 15 10 0
Knowledge of more than one language 3,785 1,820 1,965
English and French only 2,955 1,440 1,520
English, French and one or more non-official languages 200 115 85
English and one or more non official languages 625 265 360
French and one or more non official languages 10 10 0
Multiple non-official languages only 0 0 0
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 13 16,320 8,520 7,800
Canadian citizensFootnote 14 16,055 8,440 7,615
Canadian citizens only 15,795 8,315 7,485
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 260 130 130
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 265 80 190
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 16 16,320 8,520 7,800
Non-immigrantsFootnote 17 15,395 8,105 7,290
ImmigrantsFootnote 18 905 405 495
Before 1981 320 120 195
1981 to 1990 135 85 55
1991 to 2000 200 100 100
2001 to 2010 140 65 75
2001 to 2005 70 35 30
2006 to 2010 70 30 40
2011 to 2016Footnote 19 110 35 75
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 20 20 10 10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 21 905 405 495
Under 5 years 190 90 100
5 to 14 years 260 150 115
15 to 24 years 180 65 120
25 to 44 years 240 90 145
45 years and over 35 15 25
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataFootnote 22 590 285 310
Economic immigrantsFootnote 23 280 175 105
Principal applicantsFootnote 24 85 60 15
Secondary applicantsFootnote 25 200 110 85
Immigrants sponsored by familyFootnote 26 240 75 170
RefugeesFootnote 27 70 35 30
Other immigrantsFootnote 28 0 0 0
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 29 16,320 8,525 7,795
Born in Canada 15,190 7,985 7,210
Born outside Canada 1,130 535 590
Americas 205 95 105
North America 65 30 35
Greenland 0 0 0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 0 0
United StatesFootnote 30 65 30 35
Central America 45 20 20
Belize 0 0 0
Costa Rica 0 0 0
El Salvador 0 0 0
Guatemala 0 10 0
Honduras 0 0 0
Mexico 15 0 10
Nicaragua 0 0 0
Panama 20 10 10
Caribbean and Bermuda 50 20 30
Anguilla 0 0 0
Antigua and Barbuda 0 0 0
Aruba 0 0 0
Bahamas 0 0 0
Barbados 0 0 0
Bermuda 0 0 0
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 0 0 0
Cayman Islands 0 0 0
Cuba 0 0 0
Curaçao 0 0 0
Dominica 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 0 0 0
Grenada 0 0 0
Guadeloupe 0 0 0
Haiti 10 0 10
Jamaica 35 20 15
Martinique 0 0 0
Montserrat 0 0 0
Puerto Rico 0 0 0
Saint Barthélemy 0 0 0
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 0 0
Saint Lucia 0 10 0
Saint Martin (French part) 0 0 0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 0 0
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 10 0 10
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 0
Virgin Islands, British 0 0 0
Virgin Islands, United States 0 0 0
South America 40 25 15
Argentina 0 0 0
BoliviaFootnote 31 0 0 0
Brazil 20 0 0
Chile 0 0 0
Colombia 10 10 0
Ecuador 10 10 0
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 0 0 0
French Guiana 0 0 0
Guyana 10 0 0
Paraguay 0 0 0
Peru 0 0 0
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 0 0
Suriname 0 0 0
Uruguay 0 0 0
VenezuelaFootnote 32 0 0 0
Europe 725 355 370
Western Europe 355 165 190
Austria 10 0 0
Belgium 10 0 0
France 20 10 10
Germany 295 130 160
Liechtenstein 0 0 0
Luxembourg 0 0 0
Monaco 0 0 0
Netherlands 25 15 10
Switzerland 10 10 0
Eastern Europe 75 35 35
Belarus 0 0 0
Bulgaria 0 0 0
Czech Republic 0 0 0
Estonia 0 0 0
Hungary 10 0 10
Latvia 0 10 0
Lithuania 0 0 0
MoldovaFootnote 33 10 0 10
Poland 10 0 0
Romania 15 10 0
Russian Federation 20 15 0
Slovakia 0 0 0
Ukraine 10 0 10
Northern Europe 275 150 125
Åland Islands 0 0 0
Denmark 10 10 10
Faroe Islands 0 0 0
Finland 0 0 0
Guernsey 0 0 0
Iceland 0 0 0
IrelandFootnote 34 10 0 10
Isle of Man 0 0 0
Jersey 0 0 0
Norway 0 0 0
Sark 0 0 0
Svalbard and Jan Mayen 0 0 0
Sweden 10 10 10
United KingdomFootnote 35 245 140 110
Southern Europe 15 10 15
Albania 0 0 0
Andorra 0 0 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0
Croatia 0 0 0
Gibraltar 0 0 0
Greece 0 0 0
Holy See (Vatican City State) 0 0 0
Italy 10 0 0
KosovoFootnote 36 0 0 0
Macedonia, Republic ofFootnote 37 0 0 0
Malta 0 0 0
Montenegro 0 0 0
Portugal 10 0 0
San Marino 0 0 0
SerbiaFootnote 38 0 0 0
Slovenia 0 0 0
Spain 0 0 0
Africa 25 0 20
Western Africa 0 0 0
Benin 0 0 0
Burkina Faso 0 0 0
Cabo Verde 0 0 0
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0
Gambia 0 0 0
Ghana 0 0 0
Guinea 0 0 0
Guinea-Bissau 0 0 0
Liberia 0 0 0
Mali 0 0 0
Mauritania 0 0 0
Niger 0 0 0
Nigeria 0 0 0
Saint HelenaFootnote 39 0 0 0
Senegal 0 0 0
Sierra Leone 0 0 0
Togo 0 0 0
Eastern Africa 15 10 10
Burundi 0 0 0
Comoros 0 0 0
Djibouti 0 0 0
Eritrea 0 0 0
Ethiopia 0 0 0
Kenya 0 0 0
Madagascar 0 0 0
Malawi 0 0 0
Mauritius 0 0 0
Mayotte 0 0 0
Mozambique 0 0 0
Réunion 0 0 0
Rwanda 0 0 0
Seychelles 0 0 0
Somalia 0 0 0
South Sudan 0 0 0
TanzaniaFootnote 40 0 0 0
Uganda 0 0 0
Zambia 10 0 0
Zimbabwe 10 0 10
Northern Africa 0 0 10
Algeria 0 0 0
Egypt 0 0 0
Libya 0 0 0
Morocco 0 0 0
SudanFootnote 41 0 0 10
Tunisia 0 0 0
Western Sahara 0 0 0
Central Africa 0 0 0
Angola 0 0 0
Cameroon 0 0 0
Central African Republic 0 0 0
Chad 0 0 0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0
Congo, Republic of the 0 0 0
Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0
Gabon 0 0 0
Sao Tome and Principe 0 0 0
Southern Africa 0 0 0
Botswana 0 0 0
Lesotho 0 0 0
Namibia 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 10
Swaziland 0 0 0
Asia 175 70 100
West Central Asia and the Middle East 50 30 15
Afghanistan 0 0 0
Armenia 0 0 0
Azerbaijan 0 0 0
Bahrain 0 0 0
Cyprus 0 0 0
Georgia 0 0 0
IranFootnote 42 20 10 0
Iraq 0 0 0
Israel 0 0 0
Jordan 0 0 0
Kazakhstan 0 0 0
Kuwait 0 0 0
Kyrgyzstan 0 0 0
Lebanon 10 10 0
Oman 0 0 0
Qatar 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0
SyriaFootnote 43 0 0 0
Tajikistan 0 0 0
Turkey 15 15 10
Turkmenistan 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0
Uzbekistan 0 0 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)Footnote 44 0 0 0
Yemen 0 0 0
Eastern Asia 50 15 35
ChinaFootnote 45 15 0 10
Hong KongFootnote 46 10 0 0
Japan 10 0 10
Korea, NorthFootnote 47 0 0 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 48 0 0 10
MacaoFootnote 49 0 0 0
Mongolia 0 0 0
Taiwan 10 0 0
Southeast Asia 35 15 25
Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0
Burma (Myanmar) 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0
Indonesia 0 0 0
LaosFootnote 50 0 0 0
Malaysia 0 0 0
Philippines 25 0 20
Singapore 0 0 0
Thailand 10 10 0
Timor-Leste 0 0 0
Viet Nam 0 0 0
Southern Asia 40 20 20
Bangladesh 0 0 0
Bhutan 0 0 0
British Indian Ocean Territory 0 0 0
India 35 15 15
Maldives 0 0 0
Nepal 0 0 0
Pakistan 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 10 0 10
Oceania 10 0 0
American Samoa 0 0 0
Australia 10 10 0
Christmas Island 0 0 0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 0 0
Cook Islands 0 0 0
Fiji 0 0 0
French Polynesia 0 0 0
Guam 0 0 0
Kiribati 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0 0 0
Micronesia, Federated States of 0 0 0
Nauru 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 0
New Zealand 0 0 0
Niue 0 0 0
Norfolk Island 0 0 0
Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0
Palau 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 0 0 0
Pitcairn 0 0 0
Samoa 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0 0 0
Tokelau 0 0 0
Tonga 0 0 0
Tuvalu 0 0 0
United States Minor Outlying Islands 0 0 0
Vanuatu 0 0 0
Wallis and Futuna 0 0 0
Other places of birthFootnote 51 0 0 0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 52 16,320 8,525 7,800
First generationFootnote 53 1,130 540 590
Second generationFootnote 54 2,080 1,105 970
Third generation or moreFootnote 55 13,115 6,880 6,235
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 56 16,320 8,520 7,800
North American Aboriginal origins 1,620 835 790
First Nations (North American Indian) 1,125 605 520
Inuit 20 10 10
Métis 510 235 275
Other North American origins 6,950 3,680 3,270
Acadian 170 65 100
American 135 80 55
Canadian 6,770 3,590 3,185
New Brunswicker 0 0 0
Newfoundlander 15 0 10
Nova Scotian 0 0 0
Ontarian 10 0 0
Québécois 10 0 10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 57 0 0 0
European origins 12,295 6,450 5,840
British Isles origins 8,830 4,700 4,135
Channel Islander 10 10 0
Cornish 0 0 0
English 4,640 2,475 2,165
Irish 4,430 2,285 2,140
Manx 0 0 0
Scottish 3,710 1,945 1,765
Welsh 335 180 155
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Footnote 58 580 330 255
French origins 3,665 1,900 1,770
Alsatian 0 0 0
Breton 0 0 0
Corsican 0 0 0
French 3,665 1,900 1,770
Western European origins (except French origins) 3,630 1,755 1,875
Austrian 65 25 40
Bavarian 0 0 0
Belgian 140 90 45
Dutch 850 435 410
Flemish 0 0 0
Frisian 0 0 0
German 2,775 1,325 1,450
Luxembourger 0 0 0
Swiss 75 25 50
Western European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 59 0 0 0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 520 285 235
Danish 115 70 50
Finnish 135 75 60
Icelandic 25 15 10
Norwegian 125 60 65
Swedish 80 40 45
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 60 50 30 20
Eastern European origins 1,645 860 780
Bulgarian 0 0 0
Byelorussian 0 0 0
Czech 40 25 15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Footnote 61 10 0 10
Estonian 10 10 10
Hungarian 80 50 35
Latvian 15 10 10
Lithuanian 20 10 10
Moldovan 0 0 0
Polish 855 430 430
Romanian 50 45 0
Russian 160 90 70
Slovak 0 10 0
Ukrainian 575 290 280
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 62 20 10 10
Southern European origins 710 345 360
Albanian 0 0 0
Bosnian 0 0 0
Catalan 0 0 0
Croatian 25 10 15
Cypriot 0 0 0
Greek 35 20 20
Italian 525 255 270
Kosovar 0 0 0
Macedonian 15 10 0
Maltese 30 10 10
Montenegrin 0 0 10
Portuguese 45 15 25
Serbian 0 0 0
Sicilian 0 0 0
Slovenian 15 0 15
Spanish 50 30 25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Footnote 63 10 0 0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 64 0 0 0
Other European origins 90 60 25
Basque 10 0 0
Jewish 30 20 10
Roma (Gypsy) 0 0 0
Slavic, n.o.s.Footnote 65 10 10 0
Other European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 66 45 30 15
Caribbean origins 215 120 95
Antiguan 0 0 0
Bahamian 0 0 0
Barbadian 0 0 0
Bermudan 0 0 0
Carib 0 0 0
Cuban 10 10 10
Dominican 0 0 0
Grenadian 0 0 0
Guadeloupean 0 0 0
Haitian 20 10 10
Jamaican 90 55 30
Kittitian/Nevisian 0 0 0
Martinican 0 0 0
Montserratan 0 0 0
Puerto Rican 0 0 0
St. Lucian 0 0 0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 55 20 30
Vincentian/Grenadinian 0 0 0
West Indian, n.o.s.Footnote 67 45 20 25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Footnote 68 0 0 0
Latin, Central and South American origins 185 90 85
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya) 0 0 0
Arawak 0 0 0
Argentinian 10 0 10
Belizean 0 0 0
Bolivian 0 0 0
Brazilian 35 20 10
Chilean 10 10 10
Colombian 25 15 10
Costa Rican 0 0 0
Ecuadorian 15 10 0
Guatemalan 15 10 0
Guyanese 25 15 15
Hispanic 20 0 15
Honduran 0 0 0
Maya 0 0 0
Mexican 20 0 15
Nicaraguan 0 0 0
Panamanian 15 0 10
Paraguayan 0 0 0
Peruvian 0 0 0
Salvadorean 10 0 10
Uruguayan 0 0 0
Venezuelan 0 0 0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 69 0 0 0
African origins 135 75 60
Central and West African origins 10 10 0
Akan 0 0 0
Angolan 0 0 0
Ashanti 0 0 0
Beninese 0 0 0
Burkinabe 0 0 0
Cameroonian 0 0 0
Chadian 0 0 0
Congolese 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0
Ewe 0 0 0
Gabonese 0 0 0
Gambian 0 0 0
Ghanaian 0 0 0
Guinean 0 0 0
Ibo 0 0 0
Ivorian 0 0 0
Liberian 0 10 0
Malian 0 0 0
Malinké 0 0 0
Nigerian 0 0 0
Peulh 0 0 0
Senegalese 0 0 0
Sierra Leonean 0 0 0
Togolese 0 0 0
Wolof 0 0 0
Yoruba 0 0 0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 70 0 0 0
North African origins 15 15 10
Algerian 0 0 0
Berber 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0
Egyptian 15 10 0
Libyan 0 0 0
Maure 0 0 0
Moroccan 0 10 0
Sudanese 0 0 0
Tunisian 0 0 0
North African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 71 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins 30 10 15
Afrikaner 0 0 0
Amhara 0 0 0
Bantu, n.o.s.Footnote 72 0 0 0
Burundian 0 0 0
Djiboutian 0 0 0
Eritrean 0 0 0
Ethiopian 0 0 0
Harari 0 0 0
Kenyan 30 10 15
Malagasy 0 0 0
Mauritian 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0
Rwandan 0 0 0
Seychellois 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0
South African 0 0 0
Tanzanian 10 10 0
Tigrian 0 0 0
Ugandan 30 10 20
Zambian 0 0 0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0
Zulu 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 73 0 0 0
Other African origins 85 45 40
Black, n.o.s.Footnote 74 15 15 0
Other African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 75 70 30 40
Asian origins 435 225 215
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 155 80 75
Afghan 0 0 0
Arab, n.o.s.Footnote 76 0 0 0
Armenian 15 0 0
Assyrian 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 10 10 0
Georgian 0 0 0
Hazara 0 0 0
Iranian 20 0 10
Iraqi 0 0 0
Israeli 0 0 0
Jordanian 0 0 0
Kazakh 0 0 0
Kurd 0 0 0
Kuwaiti 0 0 0
Kyrgyz 0 0 0
Lebanese 70 40 30
Palestinian 0 0 0
Pashtun 0 0 0
Saudi Arabian 0 0 0
Syrian 25 0 20
Tajik 0 0 0
Tatar 0 0 0
Turk 25 15 10
Turkmen 0 0 0
Uighur 0 0 0
Uzbek 10 0 10
Yemeni 0 0 0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Footnote 77 10 0 10
South Asian origins 85 50 40
Bangladeshi 0 0 0
Bengali 0 0 0
Bhutanese 0 0 0
East Indian 70 35 35
Goan 0 0 0
Gujarati 0 0 0
Kashmiri 0 0 0
Nepali 0 0 0
Pakistani 0 0 0
Punjabi 0 0 0
Sinhalese 0 0 0
Sri Lankan 10 10 0
Tamil 0 0 0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 78 0 0 0
East and Southeast Asian origins 200 100 100
Burmese 0 0 0
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0
Chinese 90 45 45
Filipino 80 50 35
Hmong 0 0 0
Indonesian 0 0 0
Japanese 25 10 20
Karen 0 0 0
Korean 15 10 10
Laotian 0 0 0
Malaysian 10 0 0
Mongolian 0 10 0
Singaporean 0 0 0
Taiwanese 10 0 10
Thai 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0
Vietnamese 0 0 0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 79 0 0 0
Other Asian origins 0 0 0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 80 0 0 0
Oceania origins 25 0 15
Australian 10 0 10
New Zealander 10 0 10
Pacific Islands origins 0 0 0
Fijian 0 0 0
Hawaiian 0 0 0
Maori 0 0 0
Samoan 0 0 0
Polynesian, n.o.s.Footnote 81 0 0 0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Footnote 82 0 0 0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 83 12,520 6,530 5,990
No certificate, diploma or degree 1,635 915 720
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateFootnote 84 4,410 2,700 1,715
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 6,470 2,920 3,555
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 1,020 740 280
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 85 480 330 155
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 86 535 410 130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 3,300 1,280 2,025
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 130 45 85
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 2,015 855 1,160
Bachelor's degree 1,555 630 925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 75 25 55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 35 20 15
Master's degree 310 155 155
Earned doctorateFootnote 87 35 25 15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 88 12,520 6,535 5,990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 89 6,045 3,615 2,435
Education 350 50 305
13. Education 350 45 300
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 180 50 130
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 40 25 15
50. Visual and performing arts 140 25 115
Humanities 295 140 155
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 15 0 15
23. English language and literature/letters 55 25 35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 55 15 35
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesFootnote 90 0 0 0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 10 10 0
39. Theology and religious vocations 35 25 10
54. History 105 70 40
55. French language and literature/letters 10 0 10
Social and behavioural sciences and law 715 165 550
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 15 0 15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 50 15 30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 225 0 225
22. Legal professions and studies 100 15 85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesFootnote 91 0 0 0
42. Psychology 130 20 110
45. Social sciences 195 115 80
Business, management and public administration 975 225 750
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0
44. Public administration and social service professions 130 15 110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 845 205 640
Physical and life sciences and technologies 240 145 95
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 85 50 40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 25 15 10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesFootnote 92 0 0 0
40. Physical sciences 115 70 40
41. Science technologies/technicians 15 10 0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 145 85 55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 125 80 45
25. Library science 10 0 0
27. Mathematics and statistics 10 10 10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesFootnote 93 0 0 0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 1,360 1,240 125
04. Architecture and related services 10 10 10
14. Engineering 245 180 60
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 285 265 15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 275 260 10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 450 435 15
48. Precision production 100 90 10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 135 60 75
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 60 20 40
03. Natural resources and conservation 75 40 35
Health and related fields 1,235 190 1,045
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 105 30 70
51. Health professions and related programs 1,125 150 970
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 10 10 0
Personal, protective and transportation services 840 570 265
12. Personal and culinary services 245 60 185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 65 60 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 90 85 0
43. Security and protective services 360 290 70
49. Transportation and materials moving 80 75 0
Other 0 0 10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 0 0 0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 94 12,520 6,530 5,990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 6,050 3,615 2,435
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 95 6,475 2,915 3,555
Location of study inside Canada 6,165 2,780 3,385
Same as province or territory of residence 4,825 2,180 2,640
Different than province or territory of residence 1,345 595 745
Location of study outside CanadaFootnote 96 310 135 170
United StatesFootnote 97 70 45 25
Philippines 10 0 0
India 20 0 15
United KingdomFootnote 98 70 40 30
ChinaFootnote 99 0 0 10
France 0 0 0
Other 135 55 80
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataFootnote 100 12,525 6,530 5,990
In the labour force 9,285 5,225 4,055
Employed 8,875 5,045 3,825
Unemployed 410 175 230
Not in the labour force 3,240 1,310 1,935
Participation rate 74.1 80.0 67.7
Employment rate 70.9 77.3 63.9
Unemployment rate 4.4 3.3 5.7
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataFootnote 101 12,520 6,530 5,990
Did not workFootnote 102 2,995 1,170 1,820
Worked 9,525 5,365 4,165
Worked full year, full timeFootnote 103 5,590 3,585 2,005
Worked part year and/or part timeFootnote 104 3,935 1,780 2,155
Average weeks worked in reference year 45.3 46.8 43.2
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataFootnote 105 9,285 5,225 4,060
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 106 100 35 65
All classes of workersFootnote 107 9,180 5,185 3,990
Employee 8,740 4,990 3,755
Self-employedFootnote 108 440 200 240
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataFootnote 109 9,280 5,225 4,055
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 110 100 35 60
All occupationsFootnote 111 9,180 5,190 3,990
0 Management occupations 1,000 650 345
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 835 190 645
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 545 395 155
3 Health occupations 665 90 580
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 3,405 2,430 980
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 160 45 120
6 Sales and service occupations 1,615 530 1,080
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 805 735 65
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 40 35 10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 105 85 20
Total Labour Force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataFootnote 112 9,285 5,225 4,060
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableFootnote 113 100 40 65
All industry categoriesFootnote 114 9,180 5,185 3,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 35 20 10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 15 10 0
22 Utilities 90 45 45
23 Construction 345 290 60
31-33 Manufacturing 120 75 40
41 Wholesale trade 50 25 30
44-45 Retail trade 755 250 505
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 125 90 35
51 Information and cultural industries 75 25 50
52 Finance and insurance 70 20 55
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 80 15 65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 550 270 280
55 Management of companies and enterprises 0 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 325 130 195
61 Educational services 460 65 400
62 Health care and social assistance 910 50 855
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 95 35 55
72 Accommodation and food services 475 125 345
81 Other services (except public administration) 235 90 140
91 Public administration 4,385 3,555 825
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 115 9,710 5,435 4,275
English 9,440 5,345 4,100
French 170 35 130
Non-official language 0 10 0
English and French 90 55 40
English and non-official language 0 0 0
French and non-official language 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 116 12,525 6,535 5,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 12,080 6,370 5,710
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 51,025 63,589 28,007
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 49,420 61,607 35,811
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 12,080 6,375 5,710
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 44,188 53,705 25,676
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 41,835 51,585 30,954
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 11,255 6,125 5,130
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 50,983 63,458 24,849
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 48,717 61,326 33,672
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 7,130 2,890 4,235
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 4,395 1,570 5,262
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 6,829 5,918 7,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 9,900 5,565 4,335
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 53,068 63,775 26,729
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 49,204 60,294 34,969
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 117 12,520 6,535 5,990
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 118 5,540 3,560 1,980
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 119 63,664 66,421 46,530
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 120 62,382 69,020 50,448
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample dataFootnote 121 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)Footnote 122 91.8 95.6 84.6
Employment income (%)Footnote 123 81.6 85.5 74.2
Government transfers (%)Footnote 124 8.2 4.4 15.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 125 12,525 6,530 5,990
Without total income 440 155 280
With total income 12,080 6,375 5,710
Percentage with total income 96.4 97.6 95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss) 1,390 340 1,050
$10,000 to $19,999 1,545 415 1,130
$20,000 to $29,999 1,135 275 855
$30,000 to $39,999 1,010 390 615
$40,000 to $49,999 905 410 495
$50,000 to $59,999 1,080 705 370
$60,000 to $69,999 2,035 1,615 425
$70,000 to $79,999 1,210 940 275
$80,000 to $89,999 720 540 180
$90,000 to $99,999 410 275 130
$100,000 and over 640 465 170
$100,000 to $149,999 560 400 165
$150,000 and over 80 65 10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 126 12,525 6,530 5,985
Without after-tax income 440 155 280
With after-tax income 12,085 6,370 5,710
Percentage with after-tax income 96.5 97.5 95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss) 1,440 340 1,100
$10,000 to $19,999 1,650 450 1,205
$20,000 to $29,999 1,210 315 890
$30,000 to $39,999 1,280 520 760
$40,000 to $49,999 1,360 825 535
$50,000 to $59,999 2,480 1,920 565
$60,000 to $69,999 1,315 1,025 295
$70,000 to $79,999 660 475 185
$80,000 and over 680 505 175
$80,000 to $89,999 315 205 115
$90,000 to $99,999 175 150 30
$100,000 and over 180 155 30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 127 12,520 6,530 5,990
Without employment income 2,620 965 1,655
With employment income 9,900 5,570 4,335
Percentage with employment income 79.1 85.3 72.4
Under $5,000 (including loss) 910 310 600
$5,000 to $9,999 565 185 375
$10,000 to $19,999 1,030 255 775
$20,000 to $29,999 750 185 560
$30,000 to $39,999 700 285 415
$40,000 to $49,999 765 385 375
$50,000 to $59,999 855 550 305
$60,000 to $69,999 1,825 1,470 355
$70,000 to $79,999 1,000 805 195
$80,000 and over 1,515 1,125 390
$80,000 to $89,999 685 515 170
$90,000 to $99,999 360 235 120
$100,000 and over 465 375 95
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 128 16,320 8,525 7,800
In the bottom half of the distribution 6,745 3,255 3,490
In the bottom decile 540 260 280
In the second decile 660 280 385
In the third decile 1,195 585 615
In the fourth decile 2,195 1,055 1,140
In the fifth decile 2,155 1,075 1,075
In the top half of the distribution 9,575 5,265 4,305
In the sixth decile 2,240 1,205 1,040
In the seventh decile 2,590 1,520 1,075
In the eighth decile 2,065 1,115 955
In the ninth decile 1,830 960 865
In the top decile 845 465 380
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample dataFootnote 129 16,320 8,520 7,800
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 750 360 395
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 4.6 4.2 5.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 255 120 135
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 1.6 1.4 1.7

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

In households where there is at least one person living with a child and a grandchild.

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Footnote 3

In households that are not multigenerational where there is one census family with additional persons or more than one census family.

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Footnote 4

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 7

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 8

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 9

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 10

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 11

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 12

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 14

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 15

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 16

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 18

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 20

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 21

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 22

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 23

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 24

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 25

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 26

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 27

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 28

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 29

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 30

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 31

The official name of Bolivia is Plurinational State of Bolivia.

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Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 34

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 35

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 36

The official name of Kosovo is Republic of Kosovo.

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Footnote 37

Macedonia, Republic of: known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.

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Footnote 38

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 39

The official name of Saint Helena is Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

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Footnote 40

The official name of Tanzania is United Republic of Tanzania.

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Footnote 41

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

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Footnote 42

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 43

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 44

West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine): West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1993. Palestine refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.

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Footnote 45

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 46

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 47

The official name of North Korea is Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 48

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 49

The full name of Macao is Macao Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 50

The official name of Laos is Lao People's Democratic Republic.

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Footnote 51

Includes other places of birth not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea'.

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Footnote 52

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 53

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 54

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 55

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 56

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 57

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 58

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 59

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 60

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 61

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 62

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 63

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 64

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 65

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 66

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 67

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 68

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 69

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 70

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 71

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 72

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 73

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 74

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 75

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 76

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 77

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 78

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 79

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 80

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 81

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 82

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 83

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 84

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 85

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 86

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 87

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 88

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 89

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 90

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 91

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 92

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 93

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 94

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 95

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 96

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 97

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 98

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 99

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 100

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 101

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 102

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 103

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 104

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 105

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 106

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 107

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 108

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 109

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 110

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 111

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 112

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 113

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 114

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 115

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 116

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 117

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 118

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 119

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 120

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 121

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 122

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 123

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 124

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 125

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 126

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 127

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 128

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 129

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016192.

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