Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Visible minority (15): Total - Visible minority
• Age (15A): Total - Age

This table details visible minority , age , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Woodstock

Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (900)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data	39,985	19,545	20,440
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons	30,525	15,060	15,465
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household)	9,680	4,835	4,850
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household)	16,650	8,575	8,075
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household)	4,190	1,655	2,535
Persons in multigenerational households^Footnote 2	1,580	690	890
Persons in other census family households^Footnote 3	1,675	845	840
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,170	690	480
Persons living alone (one-person households)	5,025	2,260	2,765
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	33,145	16,090	17,050
Married or living common law	19,645	9,820	9,825
Married	15,620	7,820	7,795
Living common law	4,025	2,000	2,025
Not married and not living common law	13,500	6,265	7,225
Never married	7,900	4,425	3,470
Separated	1,240	530	715
Divorced	2,375	930	1,445
Widowed	1,985	380	1,600
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 5	39,510	19,325	20,185
Non-movers	33,610	16,455	17,155
Movers	5,900	2,870	3,030
Non-migrants	3,430	1,700	1,730
Migrants	2,470	1,170	1,300
Internal migrants	2,320	1,095	1,230
Intraprovincial migrants	2,210	1,035	1,180
Interprovincial migrants	105	60	50
External migrants	150	75	70
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 6	37,555	18,315	19,235
Non-movers	21,325	10,470	10,850
Movers	16,235	7,850	8,385
Non-migrants	8,535	4,125	4,405
Migrants	7,700	3,720	3,985
Internal migrants	7,235	3,460	3,775
Intraprovincial migrants	6,910	3,280	3,625
Interprovincial migrants	330	180	150
External migrants	465	260	205
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 7	39,980	19,545	20,440
English	39,305	19,285	20,015
French	425	180	240
English and French	75	30	50
Neither English nor French	180	45	130
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 8	460	200	265
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 9	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 10	39,980	19,540	20,440
English	35,820	17,525	18,295
French	445	195	245
Non-official language	3,390	1,655	1,735
English and French	70	25	40
English and non-official language	245	140	110
French and non-official language	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 11	39,985	19,540	20,440
English	38,035	18,605	19,430
French	130	65	65
Non-official language	1,135	545	590
English and French	60	30	35
English and non-official language	620	300	320
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	39,985	19,540	20,435
Knowledge of one language	34,070	16,795	17,275
English only	33,880	16,745	17,135
French only	10	0	10
Non-official language only	180	55	130
Knowledge of more than one language	5,910	2,750	3,170
English and French only	1,925	765	1,160
English, French and one or more non-official languages	300	125	175
English and one or more non official languages	3,680	1,860	1,820
French and one or more non official languages	0	0	10
Multiple non-official languages only	10	0	10
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 13	39,980	19,545	20,435
Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	39,065	19,090	19,980
Canadian citizens only	38,270	18,710	19,565
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	790	385	410
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 15	915	455	460
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 16	39,980	19,545	20,440
Non-immigrants^Footnote 17	35,380	17,295	18,085
Immigrants^Footnote 18	4,440	2,160	2,280
Before 1981	2,530	1,205	1,320
1981 to 1990	595	300	290
1991 to 2000	470	195	275
2001 to 2010	565	300	265
2001 to 2005	270	145	120
2006 to 2010	295	150	140
2011 to 2016^Footnote 19	285	155	125
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	160	90	70
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	4,440	2,160	2,280
Under 5 years	625	305	320
5 to 14 years	1,040	510	525
15 to 24 years	1,140	515	625
25 to 44 years	1,455	725	730
45 years and over	185	100	85
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	1,940	970	965
Economic immigrants^Footnote 23	905	455	445
Principal applicants^Footnote 24	300	180	120
Secondary applicants^Footnote 25	605	280	330
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 26	730	310	420
Refugees^Footnote 27	275	190	85
Other immigrants^Footnote 28	25	10	15
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 29	39,980	19,545	20,435
Born in Canada	35,220	17,210	18,005
Born outside Canada	4,760	2,335	2,430
Americas	655	350	305
North America	270	130	135
Greenland	0	0	0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 30	265	135	140
Central America	55	30	30
Belize	0	0	0
Costa Rica	10	0	10
El Salvador	20	10	10
Guatemala	0	0	0
Honduras	10	10	0
Mexico	20	10	10
Nicaragua	0	0	0
Panama	0	0	0
Caribbean and Bermuda	200	125	70
Anguilla	0	0	0
Antigua and Barbuda	10	0	0
Aruba	10	0	0
Bahamas	0	0	0
Barbados	10	0	0
Bermuda	0	0	0
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	0	0	0
Cayman Islands	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0
Curaçao	0	0	0
Dominica	0	0	0
Dominican Republic	0	0	0
Grenada	0	0	0
Guadeloupe	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	125	80	45
Martinique	0	0	0
Montserrat	0	0	0
Puerto Rico	0	0	0
Saint Barthélemy	0	0	0
Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0	0
Saint Lucia	0	0	0
Saint Martin (French part)	0	0	0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	10	0
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	20	20
Turks and Caicos Islands	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, British	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, United States	0	0	0
South America	130	65	65
Argentina	0	0	0
Bolivia^Footnote 31	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Chile	0	0	0
Colombia	55	35	25
Ecuador	0	0	0
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	0	0	0
French Guiana	0	0	0
Guyana	40	10	20
Paraguay	0	0	0
Peru	15	10	0
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	0	0	0
Suriname	0	0	0
Uruguay	10	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	10	0	10
Europe	3,145	1,500	1,645
Western Europe	870	415	455
Austria	15	10	10
Belgium	70	35	40
France	30	25	0
Germany	215	120	95
Liechtenstein	0	0	0
Luxembourg	0	0	0
Monaco	0	0	0
Netherlands	535	220	315
Switzerland	10	10	0
Eastern Europe	600	285	315
Belarus	10	0	0
Bulgaria	10	10	10
Czech Republic	15	0	10
Estonia	0	0	0
Hungary	65	45	25
Latvia	0	0	0
Lithuania	10	10	0
Moldova^Footnote 33	0	0	0
Poland	360	160	200
Romania	60	35	30
Russian Federation	35	15	25
Slovakia	20	10	15
Ukraine	15	0	10
Northern Europe	1,095	520	575
Åland Islands	0	0	0
Denmark	25	10	15
Faroe Islands	0	0	0
Finland	10	0	0
Guernsey	0	0	0
Iceland	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 34	60	30	25
Isle of Man	0	0	0
Jersey	0	0	0
Norway	0	0	0
Sark	0	0	0
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	0	0	0
Sweden	10	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 35	1,000	465	540
Southern Europe	575	280	295
Albania	0	0	0
Andorra	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15
Croatia	25	10	20
Gibraltar	0	0	0
Greece	50	30	20
Holy See (Vatican City State)	0	0	0
Italy	150	60	85
Kosovo^Footnote 36	0	0	0
Macedonia, Republic of^Footnote 37	0	0	0
Malta	10	10	0
Montenegro	0	0	0
Portugal	255	135	120
San Marino	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 38	20	0	10
Slovenia	15	0	15
Spain	10	10	10
Africa	145	60	85
Western Africa	75	30	45
Benin	0	0	0
Burkina Faso	0	0	0
Cabo Verde	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Gambia	0	0	0
Ghana	10	0	10
Guinea	0	0	0
Guinea-Bissau	0	0	0
Liberia	0	0	0
Mali	0	0	0
Mauritania	0	0	0
Niger	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	20	25
Saint Helena^Footnote 39	0	0	0
Senegal	0	0	0
Sierra Leone	20	10	10
Togo	0	0	0
Eastern Africa	20	10	10
Burundi	0	0	0
Comoros	0	0	0
Djibouti	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0
Madagascar	0	0	0
Malawi	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0
Mayotte	0	0	0
Mozambique	0	0	0
Réunion	0	0	0
Rwanda	0	0	0
Seychelles	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Sudan	0	0	0
Tanzania^Footnote 40	10	0	0
Uganda	0	0	0
Zambia	0	0	0
Zimbabwe	0	0	0
Northern Africa	15	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10
Libya	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Sudan^Footnote 41	0	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Western Sahara	0	0	0
Central Africa	0	0	0
Angola	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Central African Republic	0	0	0
Chad	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Congo, Republic of the	0	0	0
Equatorial Guinea	0	0	0
Gabon	0	0	0
Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	0
Southern Africa	35	15	20
Botswana	0	0	0
Lesotho	0	0	0
Namibia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	20
Swaziland	0	0	0
Asia	805	420	390
West Central Asia and the Middle East	130	85	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Armenia	0	0	0
Azerbaijan	0	0	0
Bahrain	10	0	0
Cyprus	35	20	15
Georgia	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 42	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0
Israel	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Kazakhstan	0	0	0
Kuwait	0	0	10
Kyrgyzstan	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	20	10
Oman	0	0	0
Qatar	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	10
Syria^Footnote 43	0	10	0
Tajikistan	0	0	0
Turkey	15	15	0
Turkmenistan	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0
Uzbekistan	0	0	0
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)^Footnote 44	0	0	0
Yemen	10	10	0
Eastern Asia	170	90	75
China^Footnote 45	30	25	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 46	0	0	0
Japan	60	20	40
Korea, North^Footnote 47	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 48	80	50	30
Macao^Footnote 49	0	0	0
Mongolia	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Southeast Asia	265	95	170
Brunei Darussalam	0	0	0
Burma (Myanmar)	0	0	0
Cambodia	0	0	0
Indonesia	20	10	15
Laos^Footnote 50	15	10	10
Malaysia	15	10	10
Philippines	130	40	90
Singapore	20	15	10
Thailand	10	0	10
Timor-Leste	0	0	0
Viet Nam	50	15	35
Southern Asia	250	140	105
Bangladesh	15	10	10
Bhutan	0	0	0
British Indian Ocean Territory	0	0	0
India	170	95	75
Maldives	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	60	35	25
Sri Lanka	10	0	0
Oceania	10	0	0
American Samoa	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Christmas Island	0	0	0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0	0	0
Cook Islands	0	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0
French Polynesia	0	0	0
Guam	0	0	0
Kiribati	0	0	0
Marshall Islands	0	0	0
Micronesia, Federated States of	0	0	0
Nauru	0	0	0
New Caledonia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Niue	0	0	0
Norfolk Island	0	0	0
Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	0
Palau	0	0	0
Papua New Guinea	10	0	0
Pitcairn	0	0	0
Samoa	0	0	0
Solomon Islands	0	0	0
Tokelau	0	0	0
Tonga	0	0	0
Tuvalu	0	0	0
United States Minor Outlying Islands	0	0	0
Vanuatu	0	0	0
Wallis and Futuna	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 51	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 52	39,980	19,545	20,440
First generation^Footnote 53	4,765	2,335	2,425
Second generation^Footnote 54	6,805	3,450	3,355
Third generation or more^Footnote 55	28,415	13,755	14,655
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 56	39,985	19,545	20,440
North American Aboriginal origins	1,515	770	740
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,170	585	590
Inuit	40	10	35
Métis	355	210	145
Other North American origins	14,015	6,780	7,230
Acadian	35	20	15
American	425	215	210
Canadian	13,730	6,665	7,060
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	25	10	20
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0
Québécois	20	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 57	10	10	0
European origins	31,610	15,380	16,225
British Isles origins	22,805	10,965	11,845
Channel Islander	0	0	0
Cornish	25	10	20
English	14,760	7,045	7,710
Irish	7,770	3,575	4,190
Manx	0	0	0
Scottish	10,055	4,875	5,180
Welsh	740	350	390
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 58	1,530	665	870
French origins	4,075	1,940	2,135
Alsatian	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0
French	4,075	1,935	2,135
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,710	5,130	5,575
Austrian	145	80	70
Bavarian	0	0	0
Belgian	550	240	305
Dutch	4,070	2,020	2,050
Flemish	15	0	10
Frisian	90	35	50
German	6,705	3,170	3,540
Luxembourger	0	0	0
Swiss	145	95	55
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 59	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	640	365	275
Danish	195	115	80
Finnish	95	65	30
Icelandic	20	15	10
Norwegian	175	90	85
Swedish	150	65	85
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 60	35	25	0
Eastern European origins	3,960	1,925	2,035
Bulgarian	45	25	20
Byelorussian	10	0	0
Czech	70	25	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 61	50	35	15
Estonian	30	10	20
Hungarian	870	435	430
Latvian	25	20	0
Lithuanian	100	55	45
Moldovan	0	0	0
Polish	1,765	805	955
Romanian	170	60	105
Russian	410	215	190
Slovak	75	35	45
Ukrainian	840	410	430
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 62	20	15	0
Southern European origins	3,110	1,655	1,460
Albanian	15	0	10
Bosnian	40	30	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Croatian	100	40	60
Cypriot	50	30	25
Greek	280	165	110
Italian	1,310	675	630
Kosovar	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	0	25
Maltese	65	25	40
Montenegrin	0	0	0
Portuguese	915	530	385
Serbian	60	30	30
Sicilian	10	10	10
Slovenian	60	25	30
Spanish	280	125	160
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 63	100	40	60
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 64	0	0	0
Other European origins	105	50	55
Basque	0	0	0
Jewish	20	0	15
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 65	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 66	75	40	35
Caribbean origins	510	305	205
Antiguan	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	15	0
Bermudan	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0
Cuban	25	0	15
Dominican	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Jamaican	320	180	145
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	45	30
Vincentian/Grenadinian	25	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 67	50	30	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 68	30	25	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	330	155	170
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	35	20	15
Arawak	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	10
Brazilian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Colombian	85	30	55
Costa Rican	25	0	25
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Guyanese	75	35	40
Hispanic	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0
Mexican	50	30	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	20	10
Salvadorean	35	10	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 69	0	0	0
African origins	260	145	110
Central and West African origins	75	35	45
Akan	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0
Nigerian	35	15	15
Peulh	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	10	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 70	10	0	0
North African origins	20	15	10
Algerian	10	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	15	0
Libyan	10	0	0
Maure	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 71	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	70	45	25
Afrikaner	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 72	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	10	0
Ethiopian	15	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
South African	45	35	10
Tanzanian	0	10	0
Tigrian	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 73	0	0	0
Other African origins	90	55	35
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 74	15	15	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 75	75	40	40
Asian origins	1,400	715	680
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	210	120	90
Afghan	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 76	55	35	15
Armenian	10	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Iraqi	20	10	10
Israeli	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Kurd	0	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0
Lebanese	65	30	35
Palestinian	25	20	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0
Syrian	0	10	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0
Turk	45	25	15
Turkmen	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 77	15	10	10
South Asian origins	400	210	190
Bangladeshi	15	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0
East Indian	270	145	125
Goan	10	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	10
Pakistani	100	50	50
Punjabi	15	10	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 78	15	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	780	380	405
Burmese	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	0
Chinese	180	95	95
Filipino	205	80	130
Hmong	15	20	0
Indonesian	30	10	20
Japanese	125	50	70
Karen	15	10	10
Korean	95	50	45
Laotian	25	15	10
Malaysian	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	10
Singaporean	10	10	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	45	50
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 79	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 80	15	10	0
Oceania origins	30	10	20
Australian	25	0	20
New Zealander	10	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 81	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	33,145	16,090	17,050
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,810	3,865	3,940
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 84	10,795	5,540	5,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,540	6,685	7,855
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,245	1,585	665
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 85	1,080	670	410
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 86	1,165	915	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,935	3,180	4,755
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	400	200	200
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,960	1,725	2,235
Bachelor's degree	2,840	1,165	1,670
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	150	140
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	65	30
Master's degree	660	310	350
Earned doctorate^Footnote 87	80	35	50
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 88	33,140	16,095	17,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 89	18,605	9,405	9,200
Education	815	205	610
13. Education	815	200	605
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	520	190	330
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	75	40
50. Visual and performing arts	410	120	290
Humanities	575	220	355
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	0	40
23. English language and literature/letters	165	50	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	35	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 90	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	70	30
54. History	95	45	50
55. French language and literature/letters	35	0	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,565	400	1,165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	50	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	475	35	435
22. Legal professions and studies	235	75	160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 91	50	0	50
42. Psychology	225	55	165
45. Social sciences	465	185	285
Business, management and public administration	2,640	935	1,705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	65	280
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,280	865	1,415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	185	175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	180	85	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	15	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 92	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	100	75	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	450	260	190
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	330	185	145
25. Library science	30	10	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	65	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 93	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,200	3,050	155
04. Architecture and related services	65	50	20
14. Engineering	280	275	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	865	785	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	645	640	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	750	725	25
48. Precision production	600	575	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	375	240	140
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	260	170	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	65	50
Health and related fields	2,740	425	2,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	225	115	105
51. Health professions and related programs	2,475	285	2,190
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	25	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,305	575	730
12. Personal and culinary services	705	115	585
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	15	0
43. Security and protective services	365	240	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	205	15
Other	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 94	33,145	16,095	17,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,600	9,410	9,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 95	14,535	6,685	7,855
Location of study inside Canada	13,410	6,075	7,335
Same as province or territory of residence	12,835	5,770	7,070
Different than province or territory of residence	575	310	265
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 96	1,125	610	520
United States^Footnote 97	275	155	130
Philippines	55	25	30
India	45	25	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 98	230	140	85
China^Footnote 99	0	10	0
France	10	0	0
Other	510	260	250
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 100	33,145	16,095	17,050
In the labour force	21,535	11,340	10,190
Employed	20,380	10,695	9,685
Unemployed	1,150	640	505
Not in the labour force	11,610	4,750	6,865
Participation rate	65.0	70.5	59.8
Employment rate	61.5	66.4	56.8
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.6	5.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 101	33,140	16,090	17,050
Did not work^Footnote 102	10,830	4,545	6,285
Worked	22,315	11,550	10,765
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 103	12,730	7,410	5,325
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 104	9,585	4,140	5,445
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.2	45.0	43.3
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^Footnote 105	21,535	11,340	10,190
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 106	330	185	140
All classes of workers^Footnote 107	21,205	11,155	10,050
Employee	19,665	10,230	9,435
Self-employed^Footnote 108	1,535	925	615
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 109	21,530	11,340	10,195
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 110	330	185	140
All occupations^Footnote 111	21,205	11,155	10,050
0 Management occupations	1,845	1,100	745
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,650	785	1,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	820	635	185
3 Health occupations	1,295	195	1,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,945	565	1,375
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	360	145	220
6 Sales and service occupations	4,860	1,800	3,060
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,815	3,470	345
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	340	270	70
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,270	2,190	1,080
Total Labour Force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^Footnote 112	21,530	11,340	10,195
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^Footnote 113	330	185	145
All industry categories^Footnote 114	21,205	11,155	10,050
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	220	135	85
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	60	0
22 Utilities	105	80	15
23 Construction	1,275	1,135	140
31-33 Manufacturing	5,135	3,610	1,520
41 Wholesale trade	875	620	255
44-45 Retail trade	2,390	990	1,400
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,255	865	390
51 Information and cultural industries	300	170	130
52 Finance and insurance	610	210	400
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	255	165	95
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	635	350	290
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	925	490	435
61 Educational services	1,110	335	785
62 Health care and social assistance	2,310	315	1,995
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	390	185	200
72 Accommodation and food services	1,545	520	1,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,005	485	515
91 Public administration	800	430	370
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 115	22,830	11,825	11,005
English	22,625	11,775	10,850
French	105	20	85
Non-official language	20	15	10
English and French	35	0	35
English and non-official language	40	10	25
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	33,145	16,090	17,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,045	15,570	16,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,662	43,898	28,867
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,692	52,591	35,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,050	15,570	16,475
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,479	38,567	26,702
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,819	43,242	30,750
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	28,850	14,395	14,455
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,949	43,264	25,273
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,871	51,511	32,273
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	22,945	9,975	12,965
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,872	5,611	7,525
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,373	7,766	8,839
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	23,725	12,455	11,265
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,748	45,018	28,937
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,518	50,151	34,077
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 117	33,145	16,090	17,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	12,510	7,280	5,230
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 119	51,485	57,482	44,799
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 120	59,204	66,128	49,571
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 122	86.3	90.6	80.3
Employment income (%)^Footnote 123	72.0	76.3	66.1
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 124	13.7	9.5	19.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 125	33,145	16,090	17,050
Without total income	1,095	520	580
With total income	32,045	15,570	16,470
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.8	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,715	1,370	2,345
$10,000 to $19,999	5,105	1,880	3,220
$20,000 to $29,999	4,780	1,870	2,910
$30,000 to $39,999	4,160	1,945	2,215
$40,000 to $49,999	3,975	1,880	2,095
$50,000 to $59,999	3,185	1,830	1,360
$60,000 to $69,999	2,030	1,270	760
$70,000 to $79,999	1,340	820	515
$80,000 to $89,999	970	660	310
$90,000 to $99,999	1,085	750	340
$100,000 and over	1,700	1,300	410
$100,000 to $149,999	1,290	980	310
$150,000 and over	415	315	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 126	33,145	16,090	17,055
Without after-tax income	1,095	515	575
With after-tax income	32,050	15,570	16,480
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	96.8	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,825	1,400	2,425
$10,000 to $19,999	5,365	1,995	3,370
$20,000 to $29,999	5,640	2,245	3,390
$30,000 to $39,999	5,210	2,530	2,680
$40,000 to $49,999	4,605	2,490	2,110
$50,000 to $59,999	2,570	1,535	1,035
$60,000 to $69,999	1,755	1,165	595
$70,000 to $79,999	1,435	955	480
$80,000 and over	1,645	1,260	385
$80,000 to $89,999	625	475	155
$90,000 to $99,999	340	275	60
$100,000 and over	675	510	170
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	33,140	16,090	17,050
Without employment income	9,420	3,630	5,785
With employment income	23,725	12,455	11,265
Percentage with employment income	71.6	77.4	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,240	1,660	1,580
$5,000 to $9,999	1,665	665	1,000
$10,000 to $19,999	2,780	1,040	1,740
$20,000 to $29,999	2,430	975	1,465
$30,000 to $39,999	2,575	1,215	1,360
$40,000 to $49,999	2,935	1,385	1,550
$50,000 to $59,999	2,385	1,515	865
$60,000 to $69,999	1,545	995	550
$70,000 to $79,999	965	640	325
$80,000 and over	3,205	2,370	830
$80,000 to $89,999	835	575	255
$90,000 to $99,999	990	675	320
$100,000 and over	1,380	1,120	260
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 128	39,980	19,545	20,435
In the bottom half of the distribution	20,195	9,475	10,720
In the bottom decile	2,870	1,275	1,600
In the second decile	3,655	1,550	2,105
In the third decile	4,460	2,125	2,330
In the fourth decile	4,200	2,055	2,145
In the fifth decile	5,010	2,470	2,535
In the top half of the distribution	19,790	10,065	9,715
In the sixth decile	5,055	2,580	2,475
In the seventh decile	4,460	2,275	2,180
In the eighth decile	4,010	1,970	2,045
In the ninth decile	3,965	2,025	1,945
In the top decile	2,290	1,225	1,065
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	39,980	19,545	20,435
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,660	1,975	2,685
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.1	13.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,170	975	1,195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.4	5.0	5.8

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 2

In households where there is at least one person living with a child and a grandchild.

Footnote 3

In households that are not multigenerational where there is one census family with additional persons or more than one census family.

Footnote 4

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 8

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 9

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 10

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 11

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 12

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 14

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 15

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 16

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 18

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 20

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 22

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 24

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 25

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 26

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 27

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 28

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 29

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 30

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 31

The official name of Bolivia is Plurinational State of Bolivia.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 35

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 36

The official name of Kosovo is Republic of Kosovo.

Footnote 37

Macedonia, Republic of: known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.

Footnote 38

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 39

The official name of Saint Helena is Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Footnote 40

The official name of Tanzania is United Republic of Tanzania.

Footnote 41

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 42

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 43

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 44

West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine): West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1993. Palestine refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.

Footnote 45

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 46

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 47

The official name of North Korea is Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Footnote 48

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 49

The full name of Macao is Macao Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 50

The official name of Laos is Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Footnote 51

Includes other places of birth not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea'.

Footnote 52

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 53

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 54

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 55

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 56

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 57

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 58

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 59

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 60

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 61

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 62

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 63

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 64

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 65

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 66

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 67

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 68

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 69

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 70

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 71

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 72

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 73

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 74

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 75

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 76

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 77

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 78

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 79

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 80

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 81

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 82

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 83

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 84

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 85

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 86

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 87

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 88

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 89

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 90

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 91

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 92

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 93

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 94

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 95

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 96

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 97

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 98

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 99

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 100

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 101

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 102

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 103

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 104

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 105

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Footnote 106

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 107

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 108

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 109

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 110

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 111

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 112

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Footnote 113

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 114

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 115

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 116

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 117

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 118

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 119

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 120

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 121

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 122

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 123

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 124

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 125

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 126

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 127

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 128

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 129

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Data quality note(s) – Woodstock

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016192.