Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Visible minority (15): Total - Visible minority
• Age (15A): Total - Age

This table details visible minority , age , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Portage la Prairie

Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (900)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data	12,765	6,085	6,680
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons	9,085	4,415	4,670
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household)	2,715	1,360	1,355
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household)	4,495	2,240	2,260
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household)	1,870	815	1,055
Persons in multigenerational households^Footnote 2	620	265	355
Persons in other census family households^Footnote 3	710	360	345
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households	425	270	150
Persons living alone (one-person households)	1,935	775	1,160
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	10,165	4,785	5,380
Married or living common law	5,460	2,735	2,720
Married	4,415	2,215	2,195
Living common law	1,045	520	520
Not married and not living common law	4,705	2,045	2,660
Never married	2,945	1,505	1,440
Separated	320	125	200
Divorced	665	255	410
Widowed	775	160	615
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 5	12,570	6,010	6,565
Non-movers	10,590	5,060	5,530
Movers	1,980	945	1,030
Non-migrants	1,210	595	610
Migrants	770	350	420
Internal migrants	670	305	360
Intraprovincial migrants	515	235	280
Interprovincial migrants	155	75	85
External migrants	100	45	60
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 6	11,835	5,670	6,165
Non-movers	6,970	3,285	3,690
Movers	4,860	2,385	2,480
Non-migrants	2,775	1,395	1,385
Migrants	2,085	995	1,095
Internal migrants	1,715	815	900
Intraprovincial migrants	1,335	635	700
Interprovincial migrants	385	180	200
External migrants	370	180	190
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 7	12,765	6,085	6,680
English	12,515	5,985	6,530
French	195	70	130
English and French	25	10	10
Neither English nor French	25	20	10
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 8	210	75	135
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 9	1.6	1.2	2.0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 10	12,765	6,085	6,680
English	11,250	5,385	5,865
French	255	95	160
Non-official language	1,135	555	580
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language	110	45	65
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 11	12,765	6,085	6,680
English	11,980	5,685	6,300
French	60	25	40
Non-official language	470	260	210
English and French	20	0	10
English and non-official language	235	110	120
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	12,765	6,085	6,680
Knowledge of one language	10,740	5,190	5,550
English only	10,695	5,155	5,545
French only	0	0	0
Non-official language only	40	35	10
Knowledge of more than one language	2,025	900	1,125
English and French only	705	285	425
English, French and one or more non-official languages	65	25	40
English and one or more non official languages	1,255	585	665
French and one or more non official languages	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages only	0	0	0
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 13	12,765	6,085	6,680
Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	12,190	5,800	6,390
Canadian citizens only	12,090	5,750	6,340
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	95	45	50
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 15	575	285	290
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 16	12,765	6,085	6,680
Non-immigrants^Footnote 17	11,810	5,605	6,205
Immigrants^Footnote 18	815	410	405
Before 1981	260	120	135
1981 to 1990	40	20	20
1991 to 2000	20	15	10
2001 to 2010	210	110	95
2001 to 2005	35	15	25
2006 to 2010	170	95	75
2011 to 2016^Footnote 19	285	140	140
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	145	75	70
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	810	410	405
Under 5 years	100	75	25
5 to 14 years	140	70	75
15 to 24 years	165	75	95
25 to 44 years	355	165	190
45 years and over	55	25	30
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	570	295	275
Economic immigrants^Footnote 23	460	235	220
Principal applicants^Footnote 24	225	150	80
Secondary applicants^Footnote 25	235	90	145
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 26	90	50	40
Refugees^Footnote 27	10	10	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 28	10	0	10
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 29	12,765	6,085	6,680
Born in Canada	11,720	5,550	6,170
Born outside Canada	1,045	535	505
Americas	135	70	70
North America	80	35	40
Greenland	0	0	0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 30	75	35	45
Central America	20	15	10
Belize	0	0	0
Costa Rica	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	10
Guatemala	0	0	0
Honduras	0	0	0
Mexico	0	10	0
Nicaragua	0	0	0
Panama	0	0	0
Caribbean and Bermuda	25	20	10
Anguilla	0	0	0
Antigua and Barbuda	0	0	0
Aruba	0	0	0
Bahamas	0	0	0
Barbados	0	0	0
Bermuda	0	0	0
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	0	0	0
Cayman Islands	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Curaçao	10	0	0
Dominica	10	0	0
Dominican Republic	0	0	0
Grenada	10	10	0
Guadeloupe	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Martinique	0	0	0
Montserrat	0	0	0
Puerto Rico	0	0	0
Saint Barthélemy	0	0	0
Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0	0
Saint Lucia	0	0	0
Saint Martin (French part)	0	0	0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	0	0
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0
Turks and Caicos Islands	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, British	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, United States	0	0	0
South America	15	0	10
Argentina	0	0	0
Bolivia^Footnote 31	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Chile	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Ecuador	0	0	0
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	0	0	0
French Guiana	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Paraguay	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	10
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	0	0	0
Suriname	0	0	0
Uruguay	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	0	0	0
Europe	380	180	195
Western Europe	190	95	95
Austria	0	0	0
Belgium	10	0	10
France	30	10	20
Germany	145	90	50
Liechtenstein	0	0	0
Luxembourg	0	0	0
Monaco	0	0	0
Netherlands	15	0	10
Switzerland	0	0	0
Eastern Europe	70	30	40
Belarus	0	0	0
Bulgaria	0	0	0
Czech Republic	0	0	0
Estonia	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Latvia	0	0	0
Lithuania	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 33	0	0	0
Poland	15	0	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	15	10
Slovakia	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	10	25
Northern Europe	110	50	60
Åland Islands	0	0	0
Denmark	0	0	0
Faroe Islands	0	0	0
Finland	0	0	0
Guernsey	0	0	0
Iceland	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 34	10	0	0
Isle of Man	0	0	0
Jersey	0	0	0
Norway	0	0	0
Sark	0	0	0
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	0	0	0
Sweden	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 35	100	45	55
Southern Europe	10	0	0
Albania	0	0	0
Andorra	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
Gibraltar	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Holy See (Vatican City State)	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Kosovo^Footnote 36	0	0	0
Macedonia, Republic of^Footnote 37	0	0	0
Malta	0	0	0
Montenegro	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
San Marino	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 38	0	0	0
Slovenia	0	0	0
Spain	0	0	0
Africa	30	30	0
Western Africa	20	20	0
Benin	0	0	0
Burkina Faso	0	0	0
Cabo Verde	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Gambia	0	0	0
Ghana	10	0	0
Guinea	0	0	0
Guinea-Bissau	0	0	0
Liberia	0	0	0
Mali	0	0	0
Mauritania	0	0	0
Niger	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	15	0
Saint Helena^Footnote 39	0	0	0
Senegal	0	0	0
Sierra Leone	0	0	0
Togo	0	0	0
Eastern Africa	10	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Comoros	0	0	0
Djibouti	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0
Madagascar	0	0	0
Malawi	0	0	0
Mauritius	0	0	0
Mayotte	0	0	0
Mozambique	0	0	0
Réunion	0	0	0
Rwanda	0	0	0
Seychelles	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Sudan	0	0	0
Tanzania^Footnote 40	0	0	0
Uganda	0	0	0
Zambia	0	0	0
Zimbabwe	0	0	0
Northern Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Libya	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Sudan^Footnote 41	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Western Sahara	0	0	0
Central Africa	0	0	0
Angola	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Central African Republic	0	0	0
Chad	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Congo, Republic of the	0	0	0
Equatorial Guinea	0	0	0
Gabon	0	0	0
Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	0
Southern Africa	10	0	0
Botswana	0	0	0
Lesotho	0	0	0
Namibia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0
Swaziland	0	0	0
Asia	490	245	245
West Central Asia and the Middle East	30	15	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Armenia	0	0	0
Azerbaijan	0	0	0
Bahrain	0	0	0
Cyprus	0	0	0
Georgia	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 42	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	15	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Kazakhstan	0	0	0
Kuwait	0	0	0
Kyrgyzstan	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Oman	0	0	0
Qatar	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 43	0	0	0
Tajikistan	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
Turkmenistan	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Uzbekistan	0	0	0
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)^Footnote 44	0	0	0
Yemen	0	0	0
Eastern Asia	45	20	25
China^Footnote 45	0	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 46	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, North^Footnote 47	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 48	45	20	20
Macao^Footnote 49	0	0	0
Mongolia	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Southeast Asia	250	125	130
Brunei Darussalam	0	0	0
Burma (Myanmar)	0	0	0
Cambodia	0	0	0
Indonesia	0	0	0
Laos^Footnote 50	15	10	10
Malaysia	0	0	0
Philippines	230	110	120
Singapore	0	0	0
Thailand	0	0	0
Timor-Leste	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Southern Asia	170	85	80
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Bhutan	0	0	0
British Indian Ocean Territory	0	0	0
India	155	80	75
Maldives	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
American Samoa	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Christmas Island	0	0	0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0	0	0
Cook Islands	0	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0
French Polynesia	0	0	0
Guam	0	0	0
Kiribati	0	0	0
Marshall Islands	0	0	0
Micronesia, Federated States of	0	0	0
Nauru	0	0	0
New Caledonia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Niue	0	0	0
Norfolk Island	0	0	0
Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	0
Palau	0	0	0
Papua New Guinea	0	0	0
Pitcairn	0	0	0
Samoa	0	0	0
Solomon Islands	0	0	0
Tokelau	0	0	0
Tonga	0	0	0
Tuvalu	0	0	0
United States Minor Outlying Islands	0	0	0
Vanuatu	0	0	0
Wallis and Futuna	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 51	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 52	12,765	6,085	6,680
First generation^Footnote 53	1,045	535	510
Second generation^Footnote 54	1,375	585	795
Third generation or more^Footnote 55	10,345	4,965	5,380
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 56	12,765	6,085	6,680
North American Aboriginal origins	3,760	1,845	1,910
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,065	985	1,085
Inuit	0	0	0
Métis	1,845	920	925
Other North American origins	3,315	1,590	1,720
Acadian	10	10	0
American	85	25	55
Canadian	3,235	1,565	1,670
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 57	0	0	0
European origins	8,755	4,115	4,640
British Isles origins	5,905	2,730	3,175
Channel Islander	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0
English	3,545	1,605	1,940
Irish	2,270	1,030	1,235
Manx	10	0	10
Scottish	2,935	1,295	1,640
Welsh	190	75	110
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 58	155	75	80
French origins	1,620	705	915
Alsatian	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0
French	1,620	705	915
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,690	1,280	1,410
Austrian	125	70	55
Bavarian	0	0	0
Belgian	255	115	140
Dutch	605	255	355
Flemish	20	20	0
Frisian	0	0	0
German	2,030	970	1,065
Luxembourger	0	0	0
Swiss	40	15	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 59	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	820	335	485
Danish	90	30	55
Finnish	50	20	30
Icelandic	255	120	135
Norwegian	230	90	140
Swedish	205	80	130
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 60	50	15	30
Eastern European origins	2,235	1,085	1,155
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 61	30	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Hungarian	80	40	45
Latvian	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Polish	570	255	310
Romanian	25	0	15
Russian	380	195	175
Slovak	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,535	705	830
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 62	10	10	0
Southern European origins	175	70	100
Albanian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10
Italian	75	20	55
Kosovar	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Spanish	55	30	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 63	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 64	0	0	0
Other European origins	85	35	50
Basque	0	0	0
Jewish	50	25	30
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 65	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 66	35	10	25
Caribbean origins	55	35	25
Antiguan	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 67	30	25	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 68	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	120	45	70
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10
Belizean	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Chilean	10	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0
Mexican	85	30	55
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0
Salvadorean	15	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 69	10	10	10
African origins	50	30	25
Central and West African origins	20	10	10
Akan	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	10
Guinean	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 70	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 71	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 72	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 73	0	0	0
Other African origins	20	15	10
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 74	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 75	20	10	10
Asian origins	570	285	285
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	25	15	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 76	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	10
Jordanian	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 77	0	0	0
South Asian origins	210	110	105
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0
East Indian	195	100	90
Goan	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	10	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 78	10	0	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	335	160	175
Burmese	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Chinese	45	20	20
Filipino	240	115	125
Hmong	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Karen	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	20
Laotian	0	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 79	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 80	0	0	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 81	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	10,165	4,785	5,380
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,825	1,485	1,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 84	3,115	1,435	1,680
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,230	1,860	2,370
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	805	585	220
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 85	355	190	160
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 86	450	390	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,915	660	1,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	215	95	120
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,300	530	770
Bachelor's degree	975	365	605
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	35	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	20	10
Master's degree	160	85	75
Earned doctorate^Footnote 87	25	20	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 88	10,165	4,785	5,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 89	5,935	2,920	3,015
Education	445	105	340
13. Education	440	100	340
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	50	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	65	15	45
Humanities	145	75	65
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	15	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 90	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	15
54. History	35	25	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	335	90	245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	20	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	0	125
22. Legal professions and studies	50	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 91	15	10	0
42. Psychology	30	15	15
45. Social sciences	75	30	45
Business, management and public administration	900	275	625
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	85	15	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	810	250	560
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	30	45
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 92	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	65	30	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	60	30	30
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 93	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	750	715	35
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	65	60	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	120	115	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	230	225	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285	265	20
48. Precision production	50	45	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130	100	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	120	90	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	10
Health and related fields	1,020	235	785
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	50	30	15
51. Health professions and related programs	955	195	760
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	280	165	120
12. Personal and culinary services	160	50	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	60	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	45	0
Other	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 94	10,165	4,785	5,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,930	2,920	3,010
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 95	4,230	1,860	2,370
Location of study inside Canada	3,785	1,645	2,145
Same as province or territory of residence	3,190	1,340	1,850
Different than province or territory of residence	600	305	290
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 96	450	220	225
United States^Footnote 97	70	45	25
Philippines	130	55	80
India	90	35	60
United Kingdom^Footnote 98	30	20	10
China^Footnote 99	0	0	0
France	10	0	10
Other	115	65	45
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 100	10,165	4,785	5,380
In the labour force	6,295	3,185	3,110
Employed	5,835	2,940	2,900
Unemployed	460	250	210
Not in the labour force	3,875	1,595	2,275
Participation rate	61.9	66.6	57.8
Employment rate	57.4	61.4	53.9
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.8	6.8
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 101	10,170	4,785	5,385
Did not work^Footnote 102	3,480	1,455	2,025
Worked	6,685	3,330	3,355
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 103	3,440	1,895	1,545
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 104	3,245	1,435	1,810
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.5	41.9
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^Footnote 105	6,295	3,185	3,110
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 106	85	20	65
All classes of workers^Footnote 107	6,210	3,165	3,045
Employee	5,755	2,850	2,900
Self-employed^Footnote 108	460	320	140
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 109	6,295	3,185	3,105
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 110	90	20	65
All occupations^Footnote 111	6,210	3,160	3,045
0 Management occupations	605	395	210
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	790	170	615
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	230	170	65
3 Health occupations	660	140	525
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	955	295	660
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	85	40	45
6 Sales and service occupations	1,435	660	780
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,010	955	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	120	105	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	320	235	85
Total Labour Force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^Footnote 112	6,295	3,190	3,110
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^Footnote 113	85	20	65
All industry categories^Footnote 114	6,205	3,165	3,045
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	205	175	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	0	0
22 Utilities	55	55	0
23 Construction	450	385	65
31-33 Manufacturing	540	405	140
41 Wholesale trade	170	115	50
44-45 Retail trade	710	390	320
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	240	220	20
51 Information and cultural industries	80	40	40
52 Finance and insurance	250	70	180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	55	10	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	135	50	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	170	130	45
61 Educational services	525	160	360
62 Health care and social assistance	1,195	270	925
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60	35	25
72 Accommodation and food services	515	215	300
81 Other services (except public administration)	280	155	130
91 Public administration	565	270	295
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 115	6,905	3,445	3,460
English	6,830	3,425	3,405
French	25	10	20
Non-official language	25	10	20
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language	10	0	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	10,170	4,785	5,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,720	4,545	5,180
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,386	41,083	30,456
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,460	46,172	35,456
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,725	4,540	5,185
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,820	35,203	27,343
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,202	38,224	30,677
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,705	4,150	4,555
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,756	38,243	25,480
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,067	44,925	31,824
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,275	3,030	4,245
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,976	6,221	7,635
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,515	7,668	9,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,000	3,465	3,535
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,433	41,503	28,269
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,913	45,096	32,853
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 117	10,165	4,780	5,385
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	3,360	1,840	1,520
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 119	48,161	54,321	43,770
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 120	54,103	59,900	47,097
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 122	84.3	88.8	79.0
Employment income (%)^Footnote 123	69.2	74.4	63.2
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 124	15.7	11.1	21.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 125	10,165	4,785	5,380
Without total income	440	245	205
With total income	9,720	4,540	5,180
Percentage with total income	95.6	94.9	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,095	510	595
$10,000 to $19,999	1,575	595	975
$20,000 to $29,999	1,575	595	980
$30,000 to $39,999	1,310	505	800
$40,000 to $49,999	1,405	650	755
$50,000 to $59,999	940	500	435
$60,000 to $69,999	455	295	165
$70,000 to $79,999	385	260	130
$80,000 to $89,999	365	225	140
$90,000 to $99,999	200	125	80
$100,000 and over	420	290	130
$100,000 to $149,999	345	235	110
$150,000 and over	80	60	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 126	10,165	4,785	5,380
Without after-tax income	440	245	200
With after-tax income	9,725	4,540	5,185
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	94.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,135	515	625
$10,000 to $19,999	1,680	650	1,030
$20,000 to $29,999	1,940	720	1,220
$30,000 to $39,999	1,735	735	995
$40,000 to $49,999	1,325	700	620
$50,000 to $59,999	740	480	260
$60,000 to $69,999	530	320	205
$70,000 to $79,999	245	145	100
$80,000 and over	395	275	115
$80,000 to $89,999	155	110	40
$90,000 to $99,999	115	75	35
$100,000 and over	125	90	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	10,165	4,785	5,385
Without employment income	3,170	1,320	1,850
With employment income	6,995	3,465	3,535
Percentage with employment income	68.8	72.4	65.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	760	300	460
$5,000 to $9,999	475	235	240
$10,000 to $19,999	970	390	580
$20,000 to $29,999	985	430	555
$30,000 to $39,999	850	340	515
$40,000 to $49,999	905	450	455
$50,000 to $59,999	630	365	270
$60,000 to $69,999	375	245	125
$70,000 to $79,999	280	180	100
$80,000 and over	765	530	235
$80,000 to $89,999	325	200	120
$90,000 to $99,999	150	105	40
$100,000 and over	295	225	70
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 128	12,765	6,085	6,680
In the bottom half of the distribution	7,660	3,535	4,125
In the bottom decile	1,730	745	985
In the second decile	1,400	630	775
In the third decile	1,600	775	830
In the fourth decile	1,440	720	720
In the fifth decile	1,485	665	820
In the top half of the distribution	5,105	2,555	2,550
In the sixth decile	1,400	655	745
In the seventh decile	1,155	595	555
In the eighth decile	1,115	570	540
In the ninth decile	970	490	485
In the top decile	470	235	230
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	12,765	6,085	6,680
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,545	1,110	1,435
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.9	18.2	21.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,005	440	565
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	7.2	8.5

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 2

In households where there is at least one person living with a child and a grandchild.

Footnote 3

In households that are not multigenerational where there is one census family with additional persons or more than one census family.

Footnote 4

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 8

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 9

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 10

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 11

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 12

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 14

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 15

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 16

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 18

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 20

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 22

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 24

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 25

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 26

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 27

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 28

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 29

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 30

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 31

The official name of Bolivia is Plurinational State of Bolivia.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 35

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 36

The official name of Kosovo is Republic of Kosovo.

Footnote 37

Macedonia, Republic of: known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.

Footnote 38

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 39

The official name of Saint Helena is Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Footnote 40

The official name of Tanzania is United Republic of Tanzania.

Footnote 41

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 42

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 43

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 44

West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine): West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1993. Palestine refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.

Footnote 45

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 46

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 47

The official name of North Korea is Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Footnote 48

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 49

The full name of Macao is Macao Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 50

The official name of Laos is Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Footnote 51

Includes other places of birth not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea'.

Footnote 52

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 53

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 54

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 55

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 56

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 57

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 58

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 59

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 60

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 61

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 62

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 63

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 64

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 65

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 66

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 67

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 68

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 69

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 70

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 71

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 72

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 73

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 74

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 75

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 76

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 77

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 78

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 79

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 80

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 81

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 82

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 83

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 84

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 85

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 86

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 87

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 88

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 89

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 90

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 91

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 92

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 93

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 94

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 95

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 96

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 97

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 98

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 99

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 100

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 101

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 102

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 103

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 104

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 105

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Footnote 106

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 107

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 108

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 109

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 110

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 111

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 112

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Footnote 113

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 114

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 115

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 116

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 117

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 118

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 119

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 120

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 121

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 122

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 123

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 124

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 125

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 126

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 127

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 128

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 129

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Data quality note(s) – Portage la Prairie

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.4%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016192.