Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Newfoundland and Labrador / Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	512,250	508,855	2,195	270	935	2,330
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	512,250	508,850	2,195	270	935	2,330
0 to 14 years	74,320	73,535	230	75	465	270
0 to 4 years	22,450	22,085	70	15	280	80
5 to 9 years	25,915	25,685	80	25	125	90
10 to 14 years	25,950	25,770	80	35	60	100
15 to 64 years	342,620	340,550	1,535	170	365	1,620
15 to 19 years	26,915	26,795	60	30	25	80
20 to 24 years	27,820	27,735	65	10	10	70
25 to 29 years	28,130	27,905	170	10	45	175
30 to 34 years	29,290	29,025	185	25	60	195
35 to 39 years	30,635	30,350	200	25	65	210
40 to 44 years	34,400	34,170	160	40	35	180
45 to 49 years	38,540	38,335	180	10	15	185
50 to 54 years	42,395	42,135	215	10	40	215
55 to 59 years	42,815	42,630	150	10	30	155
60 to 64 years	41,680	41,475	155	0	50	150
65 years and over	95,315	94,765	425	25	105	440
65 to 69 years	37,440	37,235	165	0	35	170
70 to 74 years	25,265	25,175	75	10	10	75
75 to 79 years	16,060	15,940	80	0	35	80
80 to 84 years	9,940	9,870	60	0	0	60
85 years and over	6,610	6,540	45	10	15	50
85 to 89 years	4,820	4,770	30	10	10	35
90 to 94 years	1,505	1,490	10	0	10	15
95 to 99 years	270	270	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	15	15	0	0	0	0
Average age	43.2	43.2	45.1	31.2	26.3	not applicable ...
Median age	45.6	45.7	45.5	30.9	13.9	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	437,930	435,320	1,960	195	465	2,060
Married or living common law	275,690	273,910	1,365	115	310	1,420
Married	229,235	227,800	1,035	95	305	1,080
Living common law	46,460	46,110	330	20	0	340
Not married and not living common law	162,245	161,405	595	80	160	635
Never married	106,105	105,625	330	70	90	360
Separated	8,410	8,355	35	0	15	40
Divorced	21,725	21,625	95	0	10	90
Widowed	25,995	25,800	135	10	50	140
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	437,935	435,315	1,960	190	465	2,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	422,695	420,320	1,895	175	305	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,210	45,170	57,116	59,207	18,986	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,663	31,643	40,822	38,246	15,547	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	422,850	420,475	1,895	170	310	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,105	37,076	45,848	46,638	17,657	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,852	28,836	35,656	34,201	15,547	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	350,865	348,860	1,660	155	185	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,500	45,448	57,993	59,756	19,339	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,381	30,333	42,911	35,597	14,363	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	320,275	318,635	1,255	110	275	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,823	9,827	9,351	6,527	8,345	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,220	9,229	7,951	2,213	8,479	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	299,155	297,460	1,425	150	120	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,153	46,101	57,393	60,500	24,154	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,518	31,459	46,057	31,813	24,286	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.5	83.5	89.2	92.3	61.8	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	72.2	72.2	75.8	87.2	49.2	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	16.5	16.5	10.8	7.1	40.3	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	437,935	435,315	1,960	195	465	2,055
Without total income	15,240	14,995	65	25	155	75
With total income	422,690	420,320	1,890	170	305	1,980
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.6	96.4	87.2	65.6	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	54,200	53,935	145	too unreliable to be published F	100	155
$10,000 to $19,999	81,005	80,520	355	too unreliable to be published F	105	365
$20,000 to $29,999	66,590	66,300	230	too unreliable to be published F	40	245
$30,000 to $39,999	51,240	50,990	195	too unreliable to be published F	25	210
$40,000 to $49,999	40,590	40,415	140	too unreliable to be published F	25	150
$50,000 to $59,999	28,590	28,395	190	too unreliable to be published F	10	190
$60,000 to $69,999	22,325	22,185	135	too unreliable to be published F	0	135
$70,000 to $79,999	16,285	16,185	90	too unreliable to be published F	0	90
$80,000 to $89,999	14,645	14,560	75	too unreliable to be published F	0	80
$90,000 to $99,999	11,265	11,185	75	too unreliable to be published F	0	75
$100,000 and over	35,955	35,655	265	too unreliable to be published F	0	280
$100,000 to $149,999	24,240	24,040	180	too unreliable to be published F	0	185
$150,000 and over	11,715	11,615	90	too unreliable to be published F	0	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	437,935	435,320	1,960	195	470	2,055
Without after-tax income	15,085	14,840	65	20	155	75
With after-tax income	422,850	420,475	1,890	170	310	1,980
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.6	96.4	87.2	66.0	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	56,060	55,775	165	too unreliable to be published F	100	175
$10,000 to $19,999	85,460	84,985	340	too unreliable to be published F	110	350
$20,000 to $29,999	77,540	77,170	300	too unreliable to be published F	45	315
$30,000 to $39,999	60,635	60,350	205	too unreliable to be published F	35	230
$40,000 to $49,999	42,420	42,190	210	too unreliable to be published F	10	215
$50,000 to $59,999	29,675	29,480	195	too unreliable to be published F	0	200
$60,000 to $69,999	22,020	21,860	130	too unreliable to be published F	0	140
$70,000 to $79,999	15,885	15,780	100	too unreliable to be published F	10	100
$80,000 and over	33,145	32,880	235	too unreliable to be published F	0	255
$80,000 to $89,999	9,680	9,620	50	too unreliable to be published F	0	55
$90,000 to $99,999	6,940	6,880	50	too unreliable to be published F	0	55
$100,000 and over	16,535	16,385	135	too unreliable to be published F	0	140
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	437,935	435,315	1,960	195	465	2,055
Without employment income	138,780	137,850	535	45	350	560
With employment income	299,150	297,465	1,420	145	120	1,500
Percentage with employment income	68.3	68.3	72.4	74.4	25.8	73.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	41,625	41,435	160	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	165
$5,000 to $9,999	25,400	25,315	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	65
$10,000 to $19,999	43,480	43,210	225	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	240
$20,000 to $29,999	34,375	34,240	80	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$30,000 to $39,999	27,110	26,935	140	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	155
$40,000 to $49,999	24,885	24,765	95	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	105
$50,000 to $59,999	19,175	19,035	135	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	135
$60,000 to $69,999	16,890	16,800	85	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	85
$70,000 to $79,999	12,965	12,865	90	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$80,000 and over	53,255	52,860	350	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	375
$80,000 to $89,999	12,760	12,685	70	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70
$90,000 to $99,999	9,665	9,595	65	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70
$100,000 and over	30,825	30,580	220	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	230
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	437,935	435,315	1,955	195	470	2,055
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	127,135	126,370	670	55	40	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	55,696	55,636	65,525	81,463	27,429	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	67,716	67,638	81,294	104,622	34,774	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	512,250	508,850	2,190	270	935	2,330
English only	485,250	485,250	0	0	0	0
French only	120	0	120	0	0	120
English and French	25,845	23,505	2,070	270	0	2,210
Neither English nor French	1,030	95	0	0	940	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	512,250	508,850	2,190	270	935	2,325
English	502,205	500,990	1,220	0	0	1,220
French	920	110	815	0	0	815
Non-official language	6,640	5,485	25	205	935	125
Aboriginal	1,920	1,760	0	25	130	20
Non-Aboriginal	4,725	3,730	15	175	810	100
English and French	405	230	115	65	0	145
English and non-official language	2,025	2,020	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	0	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	25	10	10	10	0	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	512,250	508,855	2,195	270	935	2,330
None	501,910	499,745	1,160	160	840	1,240
English	3,015	2,445	430	75	65	470
French	2,880	2,335	545	0	0	545
Non-official language	4,365	4,270	50	15	30	60
Aboriginal	665	665	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	3,695	3,605	45	20	25	55
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	10	10	10	0	10
French and non-official language	55	45	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	512,250	508,855	2,190	270	935	2,330
English	496,230	496,215	10	0	0	10
French	2,300	205	2,095	0	0	2,095
Non-official language	12,245	11,065	35	210	940	140
Aboriginal	2,615	2,455	10	25	130	20
Non-Aboriginal	9,630	8,615	30	185	810	120
English and French	540	475	10	60	0	40
English and non-official language	880	880	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	50	10	35	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	512,255	508,850	2,190	270	935	2,330
Official languages	511,220	508,755	2,190	270	0	2,330
English	511,100	508,760	2,070	270	0	2,210
French	25,965	23,505	2,195	270	0	2,330
Non-official languages	17,240	15,780	305	220	935	415
Aboriginal languages	3,035	2,870	15	30	130	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,220	12,925	290	195	805	390
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	512,250	508,850	2,195	270	935	2,330
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	45,725	45,255	300	35	135	320
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	42,610	42,155	295	40	130	310
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	28,375	28,020	205	30	115	220
Métis	7,790	7,695	90	0	0	90
Inuk (Inuit)	6,445	6,440	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	555	550	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	2,555	2,545	10	0	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	466,525	463,600	1,895	235	805	2,010
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	512,250	508,855	2,190	270	940	2,325
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	21,160	20,865	140	30	120	160
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	491,095	487,990	2,055	240	815	2,175
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	512,250	508,855	2,195	270	935	2,330
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	18,965	18,750	65	30	125	80
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	18,210	18,000	65	25	115	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	12,185	11,995	55	30	110	65
Métis single ancestry	2,440	2,425	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	3,585	3,575	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	755	750	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	80	75	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	225	215	0	0	10	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	415	415	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	40	45	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	39,585	39,155	395	20	15	405
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	37,850	37,440	375	20	15	385
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30,420	30,050	350	15	10	355
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,655	3,620	25	10	0	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,770	3,770	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	1,735	1,715	20	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	500	485	20	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	510	505	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	670	665	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	55	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	453,700	450,945	1,740	225	795	1,850
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	512,250	508,850	2,190	270	935	2,325
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	503,160	500,570	2,050	185	360	2,145
Canadian citizens only	500,260	497,860	1,940	145	315	2,010
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,900	2,705	110	35	45	130
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	9,090	8,280	140	90	580	185
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	512,255	508,850	2,195	270	935	2,325
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	496,410	494,155	1,855	100	295	1,905
Immigrants^Footnote 42	12,080	11,125	280	145	525	350
Before 1981	3,430	3,335	65	20	10	80
1981 to 1990	900	890	15	0	0	10
1991 to 2000	1,210	1,150	20	0	30	20
2001 to 2010	2,860	2,680	100	35	45	115
2001 to 2005	995	895	60	25	15	65
2006 to 2010	1,865	1,780	40	15	30	45
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	3,675	3,070	85	80	435	125
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	3,765	3,575	55	20	115	65
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	12,080	11,125	280	145	525	355
Under 5 years	1,535	1,420	15	15	85	20
5 to 14 years	2,095	1,825	60	45	155	85
15 to 24 years	2,090	2,020	45	15	10	50
25 to 44 years	5,420	5,025	150	75	175	185
45 years and over	940	840	10	0	90	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	12,075	11,125	280	150	525	355
Americas	2,285	2,205	20	55	0	50
Brazil	30	30	0	0	0	0
Colombia	110	100	0	10	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyana	30	30	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	115	105	0	10	0	0
Mexico	90	85	0	10	0	0
Peru	20	15	0	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	30	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,535	1,540	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	300	250	20	25	0	35
Europe	4,215	4,020	155	30	10	170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	45	0	0	0	0
Croatia	15	15	0	0	0	0
France	165	35	125	0	0	130
Germany	370	355	0	10	0	10
Greece	30	25	0	0	0	0
Hungary	40	35	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	180	180	0	0	0	0
Italy	80	80	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	95	95	0	0	0	0
Poland	75	80	0	0	0	0
Portugal	135	115	0	10	0	0
Romania	50	40	0	0	0	10
Russian Federation	165	165	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	85	80	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,215	2,210	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	460	440	20	0	0	20
Africa	1,215	1,040	95	35	50	110
Algeria	25	10	10	0	0	20
Egypt	215	195	10	15	0	10
Ethiopia	50	55	0	0	0	0
Kenya	30	25	0	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	10	0	0	10
Nigeria	185	180	0	0	0	10
Somalia	10	0	0	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	135	135	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	535	425	65	10	40	70
Asia	4,295	3,790	10	25	470	20
Afghanistan	40	25	0	0	15	0
Bangladesh	160	160	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	835	735	0	10	90	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	80	85	0	0	0	0
India	635	635	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	70	70	0	0	0	0
Iraq	220	215	0	0	0	10
Japan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	30	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	40	35	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	245	235	0	10	0	0
Philippines	855	850	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	115	110	10	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	315	30	0	0	285	0
Taiwan	30	25	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	30	25	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	575	515	0	0	60	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	75	70	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	3,675	3,070	90	80	440	125
Americas	460	420	0	35	0	20
Brazil	20	20	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	10	0	0
Cuba	30	30	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	70	70	0	0	0	0
Mexico	30	30	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	200	195	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	30	20	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	80	60	0	20	0	10
Europe	545	490	50	0	10	50
France	60	20	50	0	0	50
Germany	30	25	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	30	30	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	45	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	160	160	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	170	165	0	0	0	0
Africa	620	525	35	20	35	45
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	10	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	0	0	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	120	105	0	10	0	10
Eritrea	30	20	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	35	30	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	130	130	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	50	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	210	165	20	10	20	20
Asia	2,015	1,600	10	15	400	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	50	50	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	275	235	0	0	40	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	170	170	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 65	40	35	0	0	0	0
Iraq	70	70	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	20	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	15	0	0	10	0
Nepal	60	55	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	95	90	0	10	0	0
Philippines	590	585	0	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	40	35	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	65	60	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	300	10	0	0	285	10
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	10	0
Turkey	10	10	0	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	30	30	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	155	120	0	0	35	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	35	35	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	512,250	508,850	2,195	270	940	2,330
First generation^Footnote 71	16,840	15,630	385	175	645	475
Second generation^Footnote 72	13,820	13,615	90	40	75	115
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	481,590	479,610	1,720	55	215	1,745
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	8,810	7,940	220	125	520	280
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	4,925	4,655	115	95	65	160
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	2,260	2,150	50	35	30	70
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	2,670	2,510	60	60	35	95
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	2,355	2,215	75	10	55	80
Refugees^Footnote 79	1,490	1,040	25	20	405	35
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	35	35	10	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	512,250	508,850	2,195	270	935	2,330
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	11,810	10,890	125	115	680	185
South Asian^Footnote 83	2,640	2,600	10	0	35	10
Chinese	2,325	2,175	0	10	140	0
Black	2,350	2,215	80	15	50	85
Filipino	1,390	1,380	0	10	0	0
Latin American	635	560	0	40	25	25
Arab	1,375	935	15	30	395	30
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	340	330	0	0	10	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	220	200	0	0	20	0
Korean	75	80	0	0	0	0
Japanese	60	60	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	145	135	15	0	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	255	225	10	10	20	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	500,440	497,965	2,065	160	250	2,145
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	512,250	508,855	2,190	270	935	2,330
North American Aboriginal origins	58,550	57,905	455	50	140	480
First Nations (North American Indian)	44,015	43,430	420	45	125	440
Inuit	9,270	9,250	0	0	15	0
Métis	7,855	7,785	60	0	0	60
Other North American origins	280,640	279,595	960	30	55	975
Acadian	485	390	100	0	0	95
American	1,890	1,880	10	0	0	10
Canadian	276,130	275,215	830	30	55	845
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	4,085	4,075	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Québécois	100	60	40	0	0	40
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	15	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	274,460	272,645	1,590	130	95	1,660
British Isles origins	259,460	258,950	430	30	50	445
Channel Islander	80	80	0	0	0	0
Cornish	35	35	0	0	0	0
English	191,860	191,545	245	25	45	255
Irish	106,220	106,035	175	0	10	175
Manx	50	50	0	0	0	0
Scottish	34,650	34,575	65	10	0	65
Welsh	4,380	4,375	10	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	6,025	6,015	0	10	0	0
French origins	26,840	25,355	1,455	30	10	1,470
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	26,830	25,350	1,450	30	0	1,465
Western European origins (except French origins)	11,040	10,895	110	30	0	120
Austrian	360	360	10	0	0	0
Bavarian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Belgian	200	190	0	0	0	10
Dutch	2,150	2,120	25	0	0	25
Flemish	55	55	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	8,620	8,530	55	30	10	70
Luxembourger	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	240	225	20	0	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	25	15	0	0	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,935	3,910	15	10	0	20
Danish	685	680	0	0	0	0
Finnish	240	240	0	0	0	10
Icelandic	190	195	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,705	1,705	0	0	0	0
Swedish	995	990	10	0	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	325	310	10	10	0	10
Eastern European origins	4,230	4,160	45	20	10	55
Bulgarian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	25	0	10	0	10
Czech	180	180	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	55	55	0	0	0	0
Estonian	30	25	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	415	410	0	0	0	0
Latvian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	110	100	0	10	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,535	1,510	15	10	0	15
Romanian	185	155	20	10	0	25
Russian	910	885	10	10	0	15
Slovak	65	65	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,345	1,335	0	10	0	10
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	80	75	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	4,765	4,630	60	50	30	85
Albanian	45	50	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	160	160	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	20	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	380	380	10	0	0	0
Italian	1,710	1,670	45	0	0	45
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Maltese	130	130	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,215	1,185	10	10	10	15
Serbian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	1,105	1,040	10	40	20	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	30	35	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,065	1,045	15	0	0	20
Basque	60	60	0	0	0	10
Jewish	285	275	0	10	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	100	100	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	610	605	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	890	890	0	0	0	0
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	140	140	0	0	0	0
Dominican	25	25	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	395	395	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	95	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	55	60	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	35	40	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	925	835	15	45	40	30
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	45	25	0	0	15	0
Chilean	30	30	0	0	0	0
Colombian	160	135	0	10	10	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	55	45	10	10	10	10
Guatemalan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	60	55	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	55	55	0	0	0	0
Honduran	20	25	0	0	0	0
Maya	35	35	0	0	0	0
Mexican	245	220	0	10	10	0
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	25	0	10	0	0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	75	65	0	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	70	70	0	0	0	0
African origins	2,705	2,430	120	50	110	145
Central and West African origins	745	675	25	15	30	35
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	35	25	10	0	0	15
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	130	85	10	10	30	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	20	25	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Liberian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	365	360	0	10	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	80	80	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	30	30	0	0	0	0
North African origins	635	525	25	25	55	35
Algerian	20	0	0	10	0	10
Berber	20	10	10	0	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	320	305	10	15	0	10
Libyan	160	105	0	0	55	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	40	30	0	0	0	10
Sudanese	80	75	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	610	555	35	0	20	30
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	20	10	0	0	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	55	40	0	0	10	0
Ethiopian	70	60	10	0	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0	0	15
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	20	20	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	25	0	0	0	0
South African	125	125	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Zambian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	110	105	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	805	750	50	10	0	55
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	755	700	50	10	0	50
Asian origins	10,090	9,465	35	35	555	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,660	2,260	20	0	365	25
Afghan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	355	210	0	0	145	0
Armenian	55	40	10	0	0	15
Assyrian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	215	210	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	260	255	0	10	10	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	130	120	0	0	10	0
Kazakh	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	995	990	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	95	90	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Syrian	335	145	0	0	185	10
Tajik	60	45	0	0	15	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	100	95	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	15	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	40	40	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,740	2,690	10	10	30	15
Bangladeshi	240	235	0	0	10	0
Bengali	60	60	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	50	55	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,820	1,800	10	0	15	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	95	90	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	335	325	0	10	0	10
Punjabi	35	40	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	120	120	0	0	0	0
Tamil	55	55	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	90	75	0	0	15	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	4,735	4,545	10	20	160	15
Burmese	30	25	0	0	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	25	0	0	0	0
Chinese	2,705	2,545	0	15	140	10
Filipino	1,530	1,520	0	10	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Japanese	100	90	0	0	10	0
Karen	35	30	0	0	0	0
Korean	100	100	0	0	0	0
Laotian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	115	110	0	0	10	0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	30	0	0	0	0
Thai	65	65	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	70	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	45	40	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	40	45	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	235	235	10	0	0	10
Australian	165	165	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	25	25	0	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	45	45	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	437,935	435,315	1,960	190	470	2,055
No certificate, diploma or degree	102,665	102,010	330	45	285	350
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	109,480	109,030	350	30	65	370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	225,790	224,280	1,275	120	115	1,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	49,435	49,170	215	15	35	220
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	24,305	24,145	135	0	20	135
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	25,130	25,020	80	10	15	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	101,250	100,880	330	0	30	335
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,400	10,310	85	10	0	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	64,705	63,915	650	90	50	695
Bachelor's degree	42,850	42,405	355	40	45	380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,995	2,945	35	10	10	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,790	1,785	10	0	0	10
Master's degree	14,820	14,625	160	35	0	180
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	2,250	2,155	85	10	0	90
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	437,935	435,315	1,960	195	465	2,060
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	212,145	211,035	685	70	355	720
Education	19,040	18,895	130	10	10	130
13. Education	19,035	18,895	130	0	10	130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,660	3,610	45	0	0	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	760	745	10	0	0	15
50. Visual and performing arts	2,900	2,860	35	0	0	35
Humanities	7,180	7,070	100	0	15	95
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	470	450	15	0	10	20
23. English language and literature/letters	1,730	1,730	10	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,670	1,635	35	0	10	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	70	60	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	595	585	0	0	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,325	1,325	0	0	0	0
54. History	875	870	10	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	440	410	30	0	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,820	13,650	155	15	10	165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	315	300	10	10	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	850	835	15	0	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,695	3,685	10	0	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	1,935	1,910	10	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	170	175	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	2,340	2,315	25	10	0	25
45. Social sciences	4,520	4,430	75	10	0	80
Business, management and public administration	47,775	47,575	165	15	20	170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	150	150	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,725	2,720	0	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	44,900	44,700	165	15	15	170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,575	5,465	95	15	0	105
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,225	2,185	45	0	0	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,280	1,270	10	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	130	130	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,665	1,615	40	10	0	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	265	265	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,305	8,260	45	10	0	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,085	7,055	30	0	0	35
25. Library science	475	465	15	0	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	690	685	0	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	55	55	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	61,025	60,655	305	35	25	325
04. Architecture and related services	275	275	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	6,685	6,565	90	30	0	105
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	12,320	12,275	40	0	0	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	20	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	19,470	19,400	50	10	0	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,770	14,680	90	0	0	95
48. Precision production	7,480	7,445	30	0	0	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,635	3,585	35	15	0	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,170	1,150	10	10	0	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,460	2,430	25	0	0	25
Health and related fields	32,270	32,145	110	0	20	110
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	30,035	29,915	100	0	15	100
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	655	645	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,495	23,375	95	10	25	95
12. Personal and culinary services	9,535	9,495	15	0	25	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	165	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	2,285	2,260	25	10	0	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	11,490	11,445	50	10	0	50
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	437,935	435,315	1,960	195	465	2,055
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	212,145	211,035	685	75	355	725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	225,790	224,280	1,275	120	115	1,335
Location of study inside Canada	217,745	216,580	1,115	30	20	1,125
Same as province or territory of residence	188,225	187,890	305	10	20	310
Different than province or territory of residence	29,525	28,695	805	20	0	820
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	8,045	7,700	160	90	95	205
United States^Footnote 130	2,170	2,130	30	15	0	40
Philippines	820	820	0	0	0	0
India	405	410	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,495	1,475	20	0	0	20
China^Footnote 132	335	280	0	0	50	0
France	125	45	70	0	0	75
Other	2,695	2,540	45	70	45	80
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	437,935	435,315	1,960	195	465	not applicable ...
In the labour force	256,855	255,365	1,245	135	110	not applicable ...
Employed	216,705	215,375	1,115	115	100	not applicable ...
Unemployed	40,150	39,990	130	15	10	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	181,080	179,950	715	60	355	not applicable ...
Participation rate	58.7	58.7	63.5	69.2	23.7	not applicable ...
Employment rate	49.5	49.5	56.9	59.0	21.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	15.6	15.7	10.4	11.1	9.1	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	437,935	435,315	1,960	190	465	2,055
Did not work^Footnote 135	158,915	157,910	610	50	350	630
Worked	279,020	277,410	1,355	140	115	1,425
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	128,870	128,095	675	55	45	705
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	150,155	149,315	680	85	80	720
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.9	38.9	40.9	36.9	41.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	286,035	284,385	1,385	140	125	1,455
a.Management	22,250	22,075	150	10	15	150
00 Senior management occupations	2,230	2,210	20	0	0	15
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	7,020	6,965	50	0	0	50
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	8,710	8,655	40	0	15	40
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	4,290	4,245	40	0	10	35
b.Professional	41,310	40,885	390	35	0	405
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	5,170	5,140	30	0	0	30
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	6,915	6,810	90	20	0	100
30 Professional occupations in nursing	6,060	6,045	15	0	0	20
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,730	3,705	20	0	0	25
40 Professional occupations in education services	11,130	10,965	155	10	0	160
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	6,335	6,290	35	0	0	35
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,970	1,930	40	0	0	40
c.Technical and paraprofessional	28,675	28,490	160	25	10	170
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	11,165	11,110	40	10	0	50
32 Technical occupations in health	6,280	6,255	25	0	0	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	4,380	4,350	25	0	0	25
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,235	2,190	35	0	0	40
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,620	4,580	30	0	0	35
d.Administration and administrative support	30,545	30,360	165	10	0	170
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	12,255	12,160	85	0	10	90
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,720	1,725	0	0	0	0
14 Office support occupations	12,235	12,180	55	0	0	60
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	4,330	4,295	20	0	0	30
e.Sales	28,375	28,260	100	15	0	105
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,180	4,155	30	0	0	30
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	12,170	12,120	35	10	0	45
66 Sales support occupations	12,020	11,985	30	10	0	35
f.Personal and customer information services	54,400	54,110	200	30	65	210
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,395	4,390	10	0	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	12,440	12,380	55	10	0	55
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	9,065	8,985	25	0	50	25
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	11,795	11,725	60	10	0	65
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	16,710	16,630	55	20	15	65
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	28,300	28,170	100	10	25	105
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	19,770	19,695	50	10	25	45
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	8,525	8,470	55	0	0	55
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	25,740	25,660	65	10	0	70
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	4,065	4,060	10	0	0	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	13,770	13,735	30	10	0	35
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	7,895	7,865	30	0	0	30
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,660	14,610	50	0	0	50
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	8,775	8,725	40	0	0	40
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	3,245	3,240	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,640	2,640	0	0	0	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	11,790	11,775	15	0	0	10
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,215	2,205	0	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,595	3,585	0	0	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	820	820	0	0	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	5,165	5,160	10	0	0	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	286,035	284,385	1,385	145	130	1,455
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,710	10,675	25	0	10	25
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,240	2,235	0	0	0	10
113 Forestry and logging	655	650	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	7,480	7,460	20	0	0	20
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	330	330	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10,655	10,560	75	25	0	85
211 Oil and gas extraction	2,570	2,550	10	10	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	3,415	3,350	55	10	0	55
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	4,670	4,655	15	10	0	20
22 Utilities	2,930	2,935	0	0	0	0
221 Utilities	2,930	2,935	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	30,705	30,565	110	15	10	115
236 Construction of buildings	9,145	9,080	45	10	10	50
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	7,400	7,355	35	10	0	40
238 Specialty trade contractors	14,160	14,135	25	0	0	25
31-33 Manufacturing	19,310	19,280	25	0	0	25
311 Food manufacturing	10,455	10,450	10	0	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	500	500	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	15	10	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	65	60	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	200	200	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	60	65	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	520	520	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	480	480	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	250	255	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	1,020	1,015	0	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	355	355	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	385	380	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	595	595	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	610	615	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,215	1,210	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	430	435	0	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	220	220	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	60	65	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,085	1,075	10	0	0	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	465	465	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	335	335	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	6,120	6,080	40	0	0	40
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	15	20	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	325	325	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,735	1,730	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	405	405	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	315	310	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,030	1,035	0	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,435	1,405	25	0	0	25
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	635	630	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	230	230	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	36,220	36,070	130	15	10	140
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	4,425	4,410	15	0	0	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	740	735	0	0	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	695	685	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,350	3,340	0	0	0	10
445 Food and beverage stores	9,480	9,440	40	0	0	40
446 Health and personal care stores	3,260	3,250	0	0	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	2,250	2,250	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,210	3,195	10	0	0	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,240	1,235	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	5,425	5,385	30	0	0	30
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,555	1,555	0	0	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	580	575	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	13,845	13,805	30	10	0	35
481 Air transportation	1,285	1,285	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	70	70	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	2,160	2,145	15	0	0	15
484 Truck transportation	2,655	2,655	0	0	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,630	1,625	10	0	0	10
486 Pipeline transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	110	105	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	3,185	3,180	0	0	0	0
491 Postal service	1,565	1,555	0	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	645	640	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	530	520	0	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	4,135	4,085	45	0	0	45
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	600	580	15	0	10	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	500	490	10	0	0	15
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	470	470	10	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,885	1,875	10	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	65	65	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	615	610	10	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	5,620	5,600	20	0	0	20
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,585	2,570	10	0	0	15
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	575	575	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,440	2,440	0	0	0	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	20	15	10	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,890	2,885	0	0	0	10
531 Real estate	2,270	2,265	0	0	0	10
532 Rental and leasing services	615	610	0	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,995	11,910	65	15	0	75
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,995	11,910	65	20	0	70
55 Management of companies and enterprises	225	225	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	220	225	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	8,665	8,600	45	0	0	50
561 Administrative and support services	7,810	7,755	45	0	10	45
562 Waste management and remediation services	855	850	0	0	0	10
61 Educational services	19,735	19,480	230	20	0	245
611 Educational services	19,735	19,485	235	20	0	240
62 Health care and social assistance	40,950	40,810	125	10	10	130
621 Ambulatory health care services	9,520	9,455	55	10	0	55
622 Hospitals	15,110	15,085	20	0	0	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	4,665	4,665	0	0	0	0
624 Social assistance	11,660	11,605	45	0	0	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,850	4,810	35	10	0	40
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,150	1,130	20	0	0	15
712 Heritage institutions	960	955	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	2,740	2,720	15	0	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	21,020	20,875	75	10	65	75
721 Accommodation services	4,135	4,115	15	0	0	20
722 Food services and drinking places	16,885	16,770	55	0	60	55
81 Other services (except public administration)	12,300	12,210	80	0	10	80
811 Repair and maintenance	3,640	3,605	25	0	10	25
812 Personal and laundry services	3,350	3,350	0	0	0	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,900	3,855	40	0	0	40
814 Private households	1,405	1,395	10	0	0	10
91 Public administration	23,160	22,915	220	20	10	230
911 Federal government public administration	9,425	9,240	165	15	0	170
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	8,220	8,180	30	10	0	35
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	5,020	4,995	20	0	0	20
914 Aboriginal public administration	495	485	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	216,700	215,370	1,115	115	100	1,170
Worked at home	9,965	9,865	80	10	15	80
Worked outside Canada	650	650	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	26,130	26,040	90	0	10	85
Worked at usual place	179,955	178,815	950	110	80	1,005
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	286,035	284,380	1,385	140	125	1,455
English	283,810	282,590	1,055	110	50	1,105
French	950	655	280	10	0	290
Non-official language	630	550	0	10	70	0
Aboriginal	440	420	10	0	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	190	135	0	0	55	0
English and French	480	430	35	15	0	45
English and non-official language	170	150	10	10	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	286,035	284,380	1,385	140	125	1,455
None	281,215	280,225	770	95	115	820
English	1,115	880	220	15	0	225
French	2,665	2,265	380	15	0	390
Non-official language	990	965	10	10	10	15
Aboriginal	435	425	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	555	540	0	10	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	40	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	179,960	178,815	950	105	80	1,005
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	96,140	95,420	565	75	80	600
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	71,710	71,335	335	30	10	350
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,615	8,590	25	0	0	25
Commute to a different province or territory	3,495	3,475	25	0	0	25
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	206,090	204,860	1,040	110	85	1,090
Car, truck, van - as a driver	167,405	166,510	780	75	40	815
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	16,260	16,115	110	10	25	110
Public transit	5,185	5,140	30	10	0	40
Walked	10,010	9,895	95	10	15	100
Bicycle	310	300	0	10	0	0
Other method	6,925	6,900	20	10	0	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	206,090	204,860	1,035	105	85	1,090
Less than 15 minutes	95,360	94,765	485	50	50	510
15 to 29 minutes	68,440	68,020	355	40	20	375
30 to 44 minutes	20,960	20,835	110	0	10	115
45 to 59 minutes	6,490	6,450	30	0	0	35
60 minutes and over	14,850	14,795	50	0	0	55
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	206,090	204,860	1,040	110	85	1,090
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	11,825	11,775	45	0	0	45
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25,560	25,420	130	10	0	135
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	64,360	63,965	345	45	10	370
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	54,780	54,420	325	15	15	335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	19,175	19,025	75	20	55	85
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30,390	30,250	110	15	10	120
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	507,965	504,670	2,185	265	845	2,315
Non-movers	457,145	454,780	1,795	210	360	1,905
Movers	50,820	49,895	390	50	485	415
Non-migrants	26,690	26,480	125	10	75	130
Migrants	24,130	23,415	265	45	410	285
Internal migrants	22,185	21,940	195	30	25	210
Intraprovincial migrants	15,440	15,360	80	0	0	80
Interprovincial migrants	6,745	6,575	120	30	30	125
External migrants	1,945	1,485	70	15	385	75
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	489,800	486,770	2,125	255	655	2,250
Non-movers	347,170	345,810	1,115	75	170	1,150
Movers	142,625	140,960	1,010	180	485	1,095
Non-migrants	69,950	69,655	215	20	60	225
Migrants	72,675	71,300	790	160	425	875
Internal migrants	66,305	65,525	670	80	25	710
Intraprovincial migrants	42,755	42,615	135	0	10	135
Interprovincial migrants	23,545	22,915	540	80	15	580
External migrants	6,370	5,775	120	80	395	160

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Newfoundland and Labrador / Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.