Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Oakville, T

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	191,715	127,415	3,545	830
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	191,720	127,410	3,545	825
0 to 14 years	36,700	28,800	515	295
0 to 4 years	8,955	7,150	65	55
5 to 9 years	13,050	10,265	215	95
10 to 14 years	14,695	11,385	230	145
15 to 64 years	128,580	82,380	2,435	500
15 to 19 years	14,635	11,120	210	120
20 to 24 years	12,720	9,830	225	80
25 to 29 years	8,365	5,965	60	35
30 to 34 years	8,080	5,075	90	35
35 to 39 years	11,320	6,500	225	60
40 to 44 years	15,495	8,400	285	65
45 to 49 years	17,340	9,790	420	40
50 to 54 years	16,255	10,030	410	20
55 to 59 years	13,990	9,110	285	20
60 to 64 years	10,390	6,555	225	20
65 years and over	26,445	16,230	595	35
65 to 69 years	8,670	5,340	215	0
70 to 74 years	6,530	4,105	155	10
75 to 79 years	4,950	2,860	100	10
80 to 84 years	3,585	2,230	75	0
85 years and over	2,715	1,705	50	10
85 to 89 years	1,940	1,150	25	10
90 to 94 years	650	470	20	0
95 to 99 years	105	75	0	0
100 years and over	15	10	0	0
Average age	39.3	37.1	43.7	26.3
Median age	41.4	37.3	47.5	20.1
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	155,020	98,610	3,030	530
Married or living common law	96,875	56,270	2,080	255
Married	89,775	50,960	1,895	220
Living common law	7,105	5,305	185	30
Not married and not living common law	58,150	42,345	950	280
Never married	41,510	31,750	580	255
Separated	3,465	2,275	80	0
Divorced	6,850	4,735	140	10
Widowed	6,320	3,580	150	15
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	155,020	98,610	3,025	530
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	146,995	93,455	2,885	465
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	76,541	85,655	89,241	73,611
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,078	46,141	54,331	37,253
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	147,055	93,510	2,885	465
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,873	62,446	63,207	54,573
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,320	40,359	46,876	31,358
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	137,260	88,780	2,740	420
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	77,712	86,112	89,679	79,517
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,803	44,710	54,971	37,502
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	98,120	60,825	1,900	300
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,959	5,925	6,219	3,864
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,001	1,921	2,244	743
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,960	74,760	2,260	375
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	75,614	81,323	86,569	61,696
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,508	43,165	55,678	38,550
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	94.8	95.5	95.4	97.6
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.6	76.0	76.0	67.6
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	5.2	4.5	4.6	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	155,025	98,610	3,025	535
Without total income	8,020	5,150	145	70
With total income	147,000	93,455	2,885	465
Percentage with total income	94.8	94.8	95.4	86.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,665	15,095	415	100
$10,000 to $19,999	19,690	11,650	250	85
$20,000 to $29,999	14,995	8,875	280	30
$30,000 to $39,999	11,720	6,995	205	30
$40,000 to $49,999	10,630	6,675	205	45
$50,000 to $59,999	9,000	5,945	155	30
$60,000 to $69,999	8,235	5,295	190	10
$70,000 to $79,999	6,960	4,610	115	20
$80,000 to $89,999	6,235	4,105	165	30
$90,000 to $99,999	5,795	3,900	110	15
$100,000 and over	29,080	20,320	775	65
$100,000 to $149,999	15,005	9,825	335	35
$150,000 and over	14,075	10,490	445	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	155,020	98,610	3,025	535
Without after-tax income	7,965	5,105	145	70
With after-tax income	147,055	93,510	2,885	465
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.8	95.4	86.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,490	15,665	455	100
$10,000 to $19,999	20,740	12,350	260	90
$20,000 to $29,999	16,965	10,075	305	35
$30,000 to $39,999	13,875	8,350	275	30
$40,000 to $49,999	12,610	8,195	220	55
$50,000 to $59,999	10,850	7,030	205	20
$60,000 to $69,999	9,230	5,990	215	40
$70,000 to $79,999	8,360	5,645	175	20
$80,000 and over	28,935	20,210	770	70
$80,000 to $89,999	6,600	4,270	130	20
$90,000 to $99,999	4,625	3,025	105	10
$100,000 and over	17,715	12,915	545	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	155,020	98,610	3,030	535
Without employment income	41,060	23,850	770	160
With employment income	113,960	74,760	2,260	370
Percentage with employment income	73.5	75.8	74.6	69.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,745	11,665	305	60
$5,000 to $9,999	8,850	6,055	180	40
$10,000 to $19,999	12,510	7,970	175	40
$20,000 to $29,999	9,130	5,470	145	10
$30,000 to $39,999	7,775	4,790	115	35
$40,000 to $49,999	7,260	4,510	150	20
$50,000 to $59,999	6,735	4,360	120	35
$60,000 to $69,999	6,015	3,735	135	15
$70,000 to $79,999	5,185	3,280	100	20
$80,000 and over	33,765	22,930	840	90
$80,000 to $89,999	5,030	3,210	120	35
$90,000 to $99,999	4,980	3,325	90	15
$100,000 and over	23,750	16,395	630	45
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	155,020	98,610	3,025	530
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	55,150	35,855	1,070	160
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	76,987	79,994	93,035	72,725
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	111,473	121,831	129,019	94,413
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	191,715	127,410	3,545	830
English only	165,465	113,805	230	110
French only	150	10	105	10
English and French	22,765	13,535	3,210	710
Neither English nor French	3,340	65	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	191,720	127,410	3,545	830
English	149,420	122,480	2,065	480
French	1,345	50	1,155	40
Non-official language	28,330	1,200	50	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	28,325	1,200	50	10
English and French	555	170	165	160
English and non-official language	11,680	3,445	30	55
French and non-official language	80	0	25	10
English, French and non-official language	305	55	50	70
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	191,715	127,410	3,545	825
None	153,450	119,840	1,665	500
English	14,860	825	765	35
French	2,890	1,510	950	225
Non-official language	19,745	5,075	100	35
Aboriginal	20	15	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,730	5,055	100	35
English and French	185	20	10	10
English and non-official language	200	10	30	0
French and non-official language	375	130	35	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	191,720	127,410	3,545	830
English	182,850	127,405	230	545
French	3,525	10	3,315	45
English and French	2,075	0	0	235
Neither English nor French	3,275	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	4,555	0	3,310	165
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	2.4	0.0	93.4	19.9
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	191,715	127,410	3,545	825
Official languages	188,380	127,345	3,545	830
English	188,230	127,345	3,440	825
French	22,915	13,535	3,310	720
Non-official languages	75,230	16,210	695	340
Aboriginal languages	30	20	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75,200	16,195	695	340
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	191,720	127,410	3,545	830
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	1,415	1,295	80	25
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,375	1,245	80	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	810	765	20	10
Métis	560	485	60	20
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	10	10	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	35	35	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	190,300	126,120	3,465	805
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	191,720	127,415	3,545	825
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	390	375	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	191,330	127,040	3,540	830
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	191,715	127,410	3,545	830
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	90	80	10	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	90	75	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	60	45	0	0
Métis single ancestry	30	30	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	2,590	2,285	195	75
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	2,570	2,260	195	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,815	1,590	130	70
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	710	635	70	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	40	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	25	25	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	25	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	189,035	125,045	3,340	750
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	191,720	127,410	3,540	830
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	173,220	121,945	3,290	770
Canadian citizens only	156,535	115,405	2,955	710
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	16,685	6,535	340	55
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	18,495	5,465	255	60
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	191,720	127,410	3,545	825
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	119,945	104,740	2,775	640
Immigrants^Footnote 44	68,845	21,785	680	190
Before 1981	19,685	9,270	170	15
1981 to 1990	7,890	2,685	60	10
1991 to 2000	12,890	3,195	140	40
2001 to 2010	18,195	3,950	190	85
2001 to 2005	9,440	1,970	60	45
2006 to 2010	8,760	1,975	125	40
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	10,180	2,680	125	35
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	2,925	885	85	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	68,845	21,780	680	190
Under 5 years	7,520	3,810	70	25
5 to 14 years	13,260	4,985	115	50
15 to 24 years	12,690	4,345	115	35
25 to 44 years	29,525	7,480	335	55
45 years and over	5,850	1,165	45	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	68,850	21,780	680	185
Americas	9,010	4,940	70	15
Brazil	325	50	0	0
Colombia	665	40	0	0
El Salvador	150	20	0	0
Guyana	420	420	0	0
Haiti	25	10	15	0
Jamaica	1,120	1,105	0	10
Mexico	525	60	0	0
Peru	540	50	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	680	665	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	2,325	1,910	25	10
Other places of birth in Americas	2,225	610	30	10
Europe	24,970	9,160	325	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	435	45	0	0
Croatia	1,180	65	0	0
France	285	25	200	0
Germany	1,170	170	0	10
Greece	275	15	0	0
Hungary	295	20	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	435	430	0	0
Italy	1,725	120	10	0
Netherlands	510	95	10	0
Poland	2,625	125	0	0
Portugal	2,255	190	10	0
Romania	1,045	70	20	10
Russian Federation	925	75	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	655	55	0	0
Ukraine	655	35	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	7,545	7,265	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	2,940	360	80	0
Africa	5,455	2,310	205	80
Algeria	40	0	20	0
Egypt	2,140	445	50	35
Ethiopia	55	10	0	10
Kenya	375	210	0	0
Morocco	65	0	25	0
Nigeria	510	365	0	0
Somalia	15	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,150	850	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,105	415	105	35
Asia	29,065	5,060	85	75
Afghanistan	575	50	10	0
Bangladesh	245	65	0	0
China^Footnote 53	6,420	325	10	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	995	75	0	0
India	5,260	1,550	10	0
Iran^Footnote 55	1,010	90	0	0
Iraq	945	115	0	10
Japan	200	40	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	2,000	125	0	0
Lebanon	495	60	45	10
Pakistan	2,865	555	10	0
Philippines	2,550	690	10	0
Sri Lanka	670	165	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	280	25	0	0
Taiwan	415	20	0	0
Viet Nam	635	50	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	3,515	1,055	20	45
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	350	315	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	10,180	2,685	125	35
Americas	1,425	510	20	10
Brazil	100	10	0	0
Colombia	80	10	0	0
Cuba	15	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0
Mexico	140	15	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	515	390	0	10
Venezuela^Footnote 61	205	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	345	70	15	0
Europe	1,315	515	50	0
France	60	0	40	0
Germany	35	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	70	75	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	15	0	0	0
Romania	50	0	0	0
Russian Federation	205	20	0	0
Ukraine	65	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	385	380	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	430	30	10	0
Africa	1,240	470	35	35
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	735	145	25	25
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	230	180	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	110	65	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	145	80	0	10
Asia	6,105	1,095	20	0
Afghanistan	140	30	0	0
Bangladesh	75	25	0	0
China^Footnote 65	1,840	80	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	25	0	0	0
India	785	230	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	115	0	0	0
Iraq	255	40	0	0
Israel	80	10	0	0
Japan	25	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	335	20	0	0
Lebanon	95	30	0	0
Nepal	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	510	110	0	0
Philippines	835	180	10	0
Saudi Arabia	130	35	0	0
Sri Lanka	30	10	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	60	0	0	0
Taiwan	60	0	0	0
Turkey	95	10	0	0
United Arab Emirates	155	95	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	430	175	10	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	90	90	0	0
Australia	70	75	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	20	15	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	191,720	127,410	3,540	825
First generation^Footnote 73	73,250	23,900	810	185
Second generation^Footnote 74	54,015	42,015	545	335
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	64,450	61,500	2,190	305
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	50,005	12,910	515	170
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	33,715	9,035	385	130
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	12,335	2,775	175	40
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	21,385	6,260	210	85
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	11,745	3,340	100	30
Refugees^Footnote 81	4,275	480	25	10
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	270	55	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	191,720	127,415	3,545	825
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	59,075	24,380	455	360
South Asian^Footnote 85	17,095	8,010	85	80
Chinese	13,440	3,195	50	45
Black	5,520	4,815	150	20
Filipino	3,710	1,700	10	20
Latin American	3,595	565	0	10
Arab	6,095	1,965	140	115
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	1,030	405	0	20
West Asian^Footnote 87	2,090	445	0	0
Korean	3,080	720	0	10
Japanese	690	505	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	805	705	15	30
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	1,920	1,350	0	25
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	132,640	103,030	3,090	470
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	191,715	127,415	3,545	825
North American Aboriginal origins	2,685	2,365	205	75
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,900	1,665	130	65
Inuit	40	40	0	0
Métis	770	690	75	0
Other North American origins	34,200	31,790	1,445	245
Acadian	185	145	35	0
American	2,295	2,195	20	0
Canadian	32,420	30,170	1,365	245
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	40	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	15	0	0
Québécois	55	25	30	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	15	10	0	0
European origins	126,410	97,410	2,600	495
British Isles origins	73,130	71,530	640	285
Channel Islander	35	35	0	10
Cornish	10	10	0	0
English	42,280	41,540	255	150
Irish	30,875	30,345	330	90
Manx	55	55	0	0
Scottish	31,525	31,060	175	130
Welsh	3,040	2,995	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	6,280	6,070	55	20
French origins	14,265	11,130	2,160	330
Alsatian	10	10	0	0
Breton	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	14,255	11,125	2,160	330
Western European origins (except French origins)	22,380	18,870	305	130
Austrian	1,395	1,215	10	10
Bavarian	15	0	0	0
Belgian	680	530	100	20
Dutch	5,880	5,060	30	20
Flemish	65	65	0	0
Frisian	0	10	0	0
German	15,505	13,115	85	80
Luxembourger	60	45	0	10
Swiss	955	745	120	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,225	3,815	25	20
Danish	1,035	915	0	0
Finnish	865	755	0	0
Icelandic	220	210	0	0
Norwegian	1,080	1,020	20	10
Swedish	1,125	1,025	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	220	200	0	0
Eastern European origins	24,950	15,260	125	45
Bulgarian	555	170	0	0
Byelorussian	295	80	0	0
Czech	990	665	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	220	205	0	0
Estonian	255	190	0	0
Hungarian	2,345	1,670	15	10
Latvian	475	350	15	0
Lithuanian	580	325	10	10
Moldovan	85	40	0	0
Polish	9,890	6,050	50	10
Romanian	2,150	970	25	0
Russian	3,310	1,560	10	0
Slovak	1,005	615	10	0
Ukrainian	6,995	5,285	20	10
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	90	75	0	0
Southern European origins	37,405	22,935	365	85
Albanian	435	125	0	10
Bosnian	300	90	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	4,045	1,975	20	15
Cypriot	75	50	0	0
Greek	2,380	1,545	40	0
Italian	16,905	12,670	190	15
Kosovar	35	0	0	0
Macedonian	980	495	0	0
Maltese	955	850	10	0
Montenegrin	110	20	0	0
Portuguese	7,550	4,255	20	30
Serbian	2,475	920	0	15
Sicilian	50	35	0	0
Slovenian	835	675	0	0
Spanish	3,835	1,630	80	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	355	235	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	55	35	0	0
Other European origins	1,220	795	15	0
Basque	65	35	0	0
Jewish	785	475	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	30	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	85	55	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	270	225	15	0
Caribbean origins	5,080	4,710	80	20
Antiguan	35	30	10	0
Bahamian	25	25	0	0
Barbadian	465	450	10	0
Bermudan	20	20	0	0
Carib	50	55	0	0
Cuban	220	135	0	0
Dominican	225	100	0	0
Grenadian	110	100	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	55	30	20	10
Jamaican	2,535	2,485	20	15
Kittitian/Nevisian	30	30	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	20	15	0	0
Puerto Rican	40	10	0	0
St. Lucian	85	85	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	825	820	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	105	105	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	595	565	35	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	140	140	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,715	2,310	25	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	120	65	0	0
Arawak	20	20	0	0
Argentinian	270	115	10	0
Belizean	20	20	0	0
Bolivian	55	15	0	0
Brazilian	415	195	0	0
Chilean	210	90	10	0
Colombian	950	235	0	0
Costa Rican	70	35	0	10
Ecuadorian	235	120	0	0
Guatemalan	75	55	0	0
Guyanese	585	570	0	0
Hispanic	90	40	0	0
Honduran	40	0	0	0
Maya	25	15	0	0
Mexican	870	270	10	0
Nicaraguan	75	35	0	0
Panamanian	25	20	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	690	165	0	10
Salvadorean	175	75	10	0
Uruguayan	20	10	0	0
Venezuelan	810	180	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	245	120	0	0
African origins	7,160	4,085	385	105
Central and West African origins	1,045	760	60	0
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	20	0	20	0
Chadian	25	10	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	275	190	0	0
Guinean	10	0	10	0
Ibo	45	40	0	10
Ivorian	10	0	10	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	550	465	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	100	80	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	35	15	10	0
North African origins	3,495	1,240	255	95
Algerian	75	10	65	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	100	55	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	2,970	1,065	100	65
Libyan	30	15	0	0
Maure	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	175	60	80	0
Sudanese	65	40	0	0
Tunisian	70	15	20	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	90	20	15	0
Southern and East African origins	1,280	985	30	10
Afrikaner	45	40	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	30	25	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	25	0	0
Ethiopian	85	45	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	115	65	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	25	0	20	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0
Somali	35	20	0	0
South African	740	650	0	0
Tanzanian	15	10	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	25	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	70	60	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	130	70	0	0
Other African origins	1,430	1,160	45	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	185	155	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	1,295	1,035	45	0
Asian origins	50,825	19,650	330	290
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	10,075	3,670	165	100
Afghan	1,065	340	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	1,175	445	15	0
Armenian	515	235	20	0
Assyrian	75	20	0	0
Azerbaijani	40	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,655	450	10	0
Iraqi	990	245	0	10
Israeli	150	65	10	0
Jordanian	560	250	0	10
Kazakh	50	0	0	0
Kurd	80	25	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,445	825	80	30
Palestinian	920	360	0	10
Pashtun	60	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	130	35	0	20
Syrian	720	335	0	20
Tajik	55	20	0	0
Tatar	95	10	0	0
Turk	905	250	30	25
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	15	0	0
Yemeni	45	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	500	225	0	10
South Asian origins	17,735	8,720	110	100
Bangladeshi	160	55	0	0
Bengali	145	60	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	12,615	6,875	100	85
Goan	175	170	0	0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0
Kashmiri	45	15	0	0
Nepali	10	10	10	0
Pakistani	3,170	1,145	15	15
Punjabi	775	270	0	0
Sinhalese	130	55	0	0
Sri Lankan	695	300	0	0
Tamil	185	70	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	925	245	0	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	23,740	7,825	65	90
Burmese	70	20	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	30	0	0
Chinese	14,840	4,235	55	50
Filipino	4,115	2,030	10	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	215	130	0	0
Japanese	990	745	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	3,175	780	0	0
Laotian	35	10	0	0
Malaysian	100	75	0	0
Mongolian	60	10	0	0
Singaporean	40	30	0	0
Taiwanese	155	40	0	0
Thai	65	15	0	0
Tibetan	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	905	335	0	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	90	25	0	0
Other Asian origins	160	55	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	155	55	0	0
Oceania origins	440	435	0	0
Australian	325	320	0	0
New Zealander	105	110	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	25	25	0	0
Fijian	15	15	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	155,020	98,610	3,030	530
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,075	11,130	300	80
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	35,120	24,740	515	145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	101,830	62,740	2,215	300
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,705	3,350	160	15
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	2,985	1,605	85	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	2,720	1,745	80	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,055	19,060	485	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,260	2,420	160	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	64,815	37,910	1,405	210
Bachelor's degree	41,985	26,325	865	125
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,160	2,170	105	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,975	1,010	40	10
Master's degree	14,885	7,675	355	45
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	1,810	740	40	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	155,020	98,610	3,030	530
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	53,190	35,870	815	230
Education	5,270	3,530	155	25
13. Education	5,270	3,530	155	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,510	3,035	95	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	605	445	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	3,905	2,585	90	0
Humanities	6,180	4,095	145	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	630	230	35	0
23. English language and literature/letters	1,845	1,335	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,825	1,165	25	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	20	15	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	340	235	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	150	10	0
54. History	1,010	800	25	10
55. French language and literature/letters	310	170	30	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,560	11,000	255	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	105	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,745	1,380	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,550	1,050	15	0
22. Legal professions and studies	2,465	1,730	40	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	235	175	15	0
42. Psychology	2,430	1,820	50	10
45. Social sciences	6,995	4,740	120	20
Business, management and public administration	28,195	17,765	745	85
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,240	915	15	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,925	16,835	725	80
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,010	2,865	65	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,015	1,190	20	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,260	800	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	75	50	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,545	760	30	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	60	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,525	2,660	115	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,955	1,785	85	20
25. Library science	255	185	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,215	620	25	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	100	75	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,175	7,875	320	40
04. Architecture and related services	875	420	20	0
14. Engineering	8,355	2,900	210	25
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,690	1,835	25	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,025	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,670	1,095	25	0
48. Precision production	990	590	15	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135	655	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	665	310	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	475	340	10	0
Health and related fields	11,120	7,085	265	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,220	995	30	0
51. Health professions and related programs	9,295	5,735	220	25
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	605	355	15	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,140	2,180	55	10
12. Personal and culinary services	1,745	1,075	40	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	0	0
43. Security and protective services	920	780	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	435	285	10	0
Other	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	155,025	98,610	3,030	535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,195	35,870	815	230
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	101,830	62,745	2,215	305
Location of study inside Canada	72,175	53,500	1,855	205
Same as province or territory of residence	63,410	47,420	975	155
Different than province or territory of residence	8,765	6,080	880	50
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	29,655	9,240	355	95
United States^Footnote 132	3,990	2,645	45	35
Philippines	1,465	310	10	0
India	2,370	685	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	3,900	3,155	25	20
China^Footnote 134	2,905	85	0	0
France	205	55	105	0
Other	14,820	2,305	175	40
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	155,020	98,610	3,030	535
In the labour force	105,750	68,610	2,030	375
Employed	98,455	63,870	1,870	340
Unemployed	7,295	4,745	155	35
Not in the labour force	49,270	30,000	1,000	155
Participation rate	68.2	69.6	67.0	70.1
Employment rate	63.5	64.8	61.7	63.6
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.9	7.6	9.3
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	155,020	98,615	3,030	535
Did not work^Footnote 137	45,930	27,330	850	150
Worked	109,095	71,280	2,175	385
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	56,875	36,885	1,140	170
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	52,220	34,400	1,040	210
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	41.9	42.0	40.0
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	112,355	73,405	2,235	390
a.Management	19,185	12,635	530	50
00 Senior management occupations	3,475	2,570	125	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	8,335	5,500	245	30
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,865	3,050	100	10
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,515	1,515	60	10
b.Professional	29,935	18,555	595	115
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	8,005	5,085	145	20
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	7,655	3,610	115	45
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,310	965	25	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,685	1,545	40	20
40 Professional occupations in education services	4,810	3,365	160	25
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	4,060	2,980	80	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,405	1,005	30	15
c.Technical and paraprofessional	10,365	7,095	245	35
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,760	1,720	55	10
32 Technical occupations in health	1,415	825	25	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,740	1,020	60	10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	695	595	10	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,750	2,940	95	10
d.Administration and administrative support	13,480	9,325	250	50
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,245	4,310	110	30
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,265	855	30	0
14 Office support occupations	4,660	3,230	90	0
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,315	935	15	15
e.Sales	13,305	9,270	215	45
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	4,320	2,850	65	10
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	5,740	4,040	130	30
66 Sales support occupations	3,250	2,380	25	10
f.Personal and customer information services	14,285	9,200	235	60
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	830	435	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,840	1,030	40	10
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,235	1,320	40	15
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,725	3,260	105	25
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	4,650	3,150	50	15
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,105	2,460	60	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,735	1,605	40	10
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,370	860	20	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,595	2,260	40	10
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,155	870	20	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,700	885	15	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	740	505	10	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,245	1,040	25	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	205	140	10	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	120	80	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	915	815	20	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,855	1,555	35	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	365	235	15	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	520	270	0	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,190	630	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	780	420	20	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	112,355	73,405	2,230	395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	310	190	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	245	145	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	15	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	45	40	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	360	230	30	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	35	20	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	160	105	15	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	165	105	15	0
22 Utilities	700	370	10	10
221 Utilities	700	365	10	10
23 Construction	5,185	3,180	75	15
236 Construction of buildings	1,855	1,155	30	10
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	450	275	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,880	1,755	45	15
31-33 Manufacturing	8,500	5,100	190	0
311 Food manufacturing	1,040	635	10	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	260	190	10	0
313 Textile mills	15	10	0	0
314 Textile product mills	35	30	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	75	25	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	95	80	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	155	100	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	345	255	10	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	55	25	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	770	490	30	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	525	250	10	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	195	110	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	195	145	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	560	305	10	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	630	360	20	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	570	340	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	260	125	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	2,005	1,175	40	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	240	165	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	480	305	20	0
41 Wholesale trade	6,045	3,980	180	30
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	25	10	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	105	75	10	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	755	485	10	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,230	815	50	25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	265	160	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	665	485	15	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,080	1,335	80	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	575	390	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	340	215	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	12,410	8,500	160	45
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,140	810	15	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	520	310	10	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	515	350	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	750	590	15	0
445 Food and beverage stores	3,300	2,375	30	10
446 Health and personal care stores	1,275	680	25	0
447 Gasoline stations	225	90	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,670	1,155	15	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	755	625	25	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,085	710	15	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	700	460	15	0
454 Non-store retailers	475	340	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,030	2,325	120	15
481 Air transportation	630	380	65	0
482 Rail transportation	120	80	0	0
483 Water transportation	0	10	0	0
484 Truck transportation	920	455	15	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	730	380	10	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	10	10	0
488 Support activities for transportation	655	405	10	0
491 Postal service	275	170	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	295	185	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	380	260	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,460	2,330	65	15
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	645	455	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	660	495	15	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	325	210	15	0
517 Telecommunications	1,180	745	25	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	290	190	0	0
519 Other information services	345	235	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	11,245	7,170	240	40
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	6,040	3,605	135	35
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,315	1,585	45	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,795	1,925	65	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	85	50	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,270	2,045	65	10
531 Real estate	2,980	1,815	60	10
532 Rental and leasing services	235	195	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	50	35	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,565	9,175	265	40
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,565	9,180	265	40
55 Management of companies and enterprises	555	435	10	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	555	440	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,175	2,875	55	20
561 Administrative and support services	4,060	2,795	55	15
562 Waste management and remediation services	105	85	0	0
61 Educational services	9,160	6,345	275	35
611 Educational services	9,160	6,345	275	35
62 Health care and social assistance	9,905	6,295	150	50
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,250	2,660	85	20
622 Hospitals	2,665	1,810	20	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,160	740	30	10
624 Social assistance	1,825	1,090	25	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,755	2,205	75	15
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	820	635	20	0
712 Heritage institutions	80	65	10	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,850	1,505	55	10
72 Accommodation and food services	7,025	4,620	115	15
721 Accommodation services	585	360	20	0
722 Food services and drinking places	6,445	4,260	90	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,045	2,525	80	25
811 Repair and maintenance	855	525	20	0
812 Personal and laundry services	1,470	940	30	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,150	870	20	0
814 Private households	570	190	20	10
91 Public administration	4,665	3,500	75	25
911 Federal government public administration	885	600	20	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	860	590	20	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,900	2,310	35	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	10	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	98,455	63,870	1,870	345
Worked at home	10,615	6,840	200	20
Worked outside Canada	735	320	0	10
No fixed workplace address	8,280	5,020	145	20
Worked at usual place	78,830	51,685	1,525	290
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	112,350	73,405	2,230	390
English	108,835	72,800	1,795	320
French	540	170	225	20
Non-official language	1,090	40	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,090	40	0	0
English and French	575	190	185	50
English and non-official language	1,245	195	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	55	10	10	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	112,350	73,405	2,230	390
None	105,910	71,820	1,405	315
English	930	170	150	15
French	2,215	1,040	660	55
Non-official language	3,150	330	15	0
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,140	325	15	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	135	40	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	78,830	51,685	1,525	290
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,395	19,535	565	100
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,690	4,530	130	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	43,400	27,375	805	155
Commute to a different province or territory	340	250	20	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	87,115	56,710	1,665	315
Car, truck, van - as a driver	63,335	40,910	1,250	235
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,775	3,270	85	20
Public transit	14,625	9,430	245	35
Walked	2,895	2,100	45	20
Bicycle	550	450	20	10
Other method	925	555	25	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	87,115	56,705	1,670	315
Less than 15 minutes	17,800	12,715	305	60
15 to 29 minutes	24,230	15,680	555	80
30 to 44 minutes	17,780	11,125	325	80
45 to 59 minutes	11,370	7,365	205	55
60 minutes and over	15,930	9,815	275	35
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	87,110	56,705	1,670	315
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,280	2,695	65	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,920	8,670	250	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,770	17,675	585	110
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	21,085	13,120	430	55
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,170	6,820	175	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,895	7,735	165	50
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	190,215	126,150	3,545	825
Non-movers	167,795	113,375	3,060	710
Movers	22,420	12,775	485	115
Non-migrants	10,005	6,585	160	50
Migrants	12,415	6,190	330	65
Internal migrants	9,160	5,125	260	35
Intraprovincial migrants	8,120	4,610	175	30
Interprovincial migrants	1,045	515	80	0
External migrants	3,250	1,065	70	25
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	182,765	120,265	3,475	775
Non-movers	115,045	81,920	2,075	450
Movers	67,720	38,340	1,405	320
Non-migrants	27,400	19,025	435	120
Migrants	40,315	19,315	970	200
Internal migrants	27,525	15,505	695	135
Intraprovincial migrants	24,725	14,010	465	105
Interprovincial migrants	2,800	1,495	230	25
External migrants	12,795	3,810	270	65

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Oakville, T

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.