Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Hamilton

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	527,930	398,325	7,050	1,300
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	527,930	398,320	7,045	1,305
0 to 14 years	86,875	75,105	680	225
0 to 4 years	28,280	24,500	240	50
5 to 9 years	29,265	25,450	240	80
10 to 14 years	29,330	25,155	205	95
15 to 64 years	354,190	266,655	4,680	910
15 to 19 years	31,935	26,750	275	75
20 to 24 years	36,595	29,580	315	130
25 to 29 years	35,515	28,330	315	145
30 to 34 years	34,515	26,435	350	90
35 to 39 years	32,185	24,045	440	95
40 to 44 years	32,520	23,445	540	90
45 to 49 years	36,025	25,320	530	75
50 to 54 years	41,580	30,235	710	70
55 to 59 years	39,635	29,025	600	75
60 to 64 years	33,680	23,485	605	65
65 years and over	86,865	56,565	1,685	165
65 to 69 years	29,160	20,300	590	45
70 to 74 years	20,405	13,750	455	40
75 to 79 years	15,290	9,335	275	20
80 to 84 years	11,615	6,970	155	35
85 years and over	10,395	6,220	215	20
85 to 89 years	7,085	4,145	150	15
90 to 94 years	2,805	1,685	60	0
95 to 99 years	470	360	0	10
100 years and over	50	35	0	0
Average age	40.8	38.6	47.8	37.3
Median age	41.0	37.6	50.5	34.2
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	441,055	323,225	6,365	1,080
Married or living common law	244,935	168,980	3,715	545
Married	206,720	136,220	2,950	400
Living common law	38,215	32,760	760	145
Not married and not living common law	196,125	154,245	2,655	530
Never married	128,810	105,690	1,375	360
Separated	14,380	11,055	250	55
Divorced	28,165	21,875	520	65
Widowed	24,770	15,625	510	55
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	441,060	323,225	6,365	1,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	422,430	309,245	6,170	1,015
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,966	45,791	45,933	40,221
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,010	35,008	36,654	30,909
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	422,525	309,315	6,170	1,015
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,820	38,092	38,707	34,159
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,219	31,706	33,055	27,765
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	371,345	276,260	5,335	910
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,381	45,142	44,997	38,731
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,920	33,782	34,904	28,894
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	310,995	222,970	4,600	845
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,922	7,579	9,432	6,634
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,376	4,829	8,658	2,750
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	306,895	233,965	4,255	755
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,099	44,167	46,309	39,566
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,269	34,059	37,881	30,831
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	86.7	88.1	84.7	86.3
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	71.2	73.0	69.6	73.5
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	13.3	11.9	15.3	13.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	441,055	323,220	6,365	1,075
Without total income	18,625	13,975	200	65
With total income	422,430	309,245	6,170	1,010
Percentage with total income	95.8	95.7	96.9	94.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60,915	42,550	715	170
$10,000 to $19,999	73,315	51,880	960	165
$20,000 to $29,999	61,825	42,395	915	165
$30,000 to $39,999	48,985	35,235	750	135
$40,000 to $49,999	42,700	31,735	735	115
$50,000 to $59,999	33,875	25,830	475	90
$60,000 to $69,999	25,465	19,810	385	45
$70,000 to $79,999	19,065	15,020	275	40
$80,000 to $89,999	14,495	11,440	270	25
$90,000 to $99,999	12,445	9,955	175	20
$100,000 and over	29,330	23,390	510	50
$100,000 to $149,999	20,450	16,160	385	30
$150,000 and over	8,880	7,225	125	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	441,055	323,220	6,365	1,075
Without after-tax income	18,530	13,905	195	65
With after-tax income	422,525	309,310	6,170	1,015
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	95.7	96.9	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	62,460	43,740	745	170
$10,000 to $19,999	76,710	54,365	980	170
$20,000 to $29,999	70,955	49,435	1,075	205
$30,000 to $39,999	58,815	42,540	995	125
$40,000 to $49,999	48,385	36,615	685	135
$50,000 to $59,999	34,410	26,590	565	90
$60,000 to $69,999	23,460	18,320	350	55
$70,000 to $79,999	18,330	14,655	275	25
$80,000 and over	28,995	23,060	510	50
$80,000 to $89,999	10,565	8,335	180	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5,560	4,350	105	10
$100,000 and over	12,870	10,380	220	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	441,055	323,225	6,365	1,080
Without employment income	134,160	89,255	2,105	325
With employment income	306,895	233,965	4,260	750
Percentage with employment income	69.6	72.4	66.9	69.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45,445	34,350	660	125
$5,000 to $9,999	24,495	18,570	250	65
$10,000 to $19,999	40,110	30,010	465	85
$20,000 to $29,999	33,335	24,550	400	90
$30,000 to $39,999	31,445	23,610	470	75
$40,000 to $49,999	28,145	21,110	380	90
$50,000 to $59,999	24,730	19,310	340	80
$60,000 to $69,999	18,850	14,530	320	30
$70,000 to $79,999	14,745	11,420	190	35
$80,000 and over	45,590	36,520	785	80
$80,000 to $89,999	11,815	9,345	210	30
$90,000 to $99,999	10,995	8,805	150	20
$100,000 and over	22,775	18,370	420	35
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	441,055	323,220	6,370	1,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	145,575	113,580	1,990	305
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	53,880	54,803	58,585	47,666
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	62,903	64,211	64,777	55,596
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	527,935	398,325	7,045	1,300
English only	487,350	380,035	605	340
French only	455	25	325	0
English and French	30,385	18,130	6,115	965
Neither English nor French	9,745	140	10	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	527,930	398,325	7,050	1,300
English	443,080	387,970	4,500	975
French	2,265	135	1,915	25
Non-official language	56,985	2,760	135	15
Aboriginal	20	15	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	56,965	2,745	130	15
English and French	855	230	335	195
English and non-official language	24,195	7,085	25	55
French and non-official language	120	10	60	0
English, French and non-official language	430	140	80	40
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,305
None	459,995	385,050	4,120	985
English	24,280	1,430	965	25
French	4,395	2,285	1,620	235
Non-official language	38,220	9,320	250	30
Aboriginal	90	90	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	38,135	9,225	250	25
English and French	155	30	20	10
English and non-official language	430	10	40	0
French and non-official language	455	200	35	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,305
English	509,665	398,300	600	1,055
French	6,800	20	6,445	30
English and French	1,865	0	0	225
Neither English nor French	9,605	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	7,735	20	6,445	140
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.5	0.0	91.5	10.7
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,300
Official languages	518,185	398,185	7,040	1,300
English	517,730	398,165	6,715	1,305
French	30,835	18,155	6,440	965
Non-official languages	151,085	32,520	1,135	245
Aboriginal languages	220	205	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	150,870	32,315	1,135	240
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,305
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	12,130	11,625	375	85
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	11,655	11,165	365	80
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	8,445	8,235	130	35
Métis	3,085	2,810	230	45
Inuk (Inuit)	130	120	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	185	175	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	295	280	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	515,800	386,700	6,675	1,215
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,305
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	4,430	4,295	75	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	523,500	394,030	6,970	1,280
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	527,930	398,325	7,050	1,305
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	2,435	2,335	55	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	2,405	2,300	50	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	2,130	2,075	30	0
Métis single ancestry	265	225	25	10
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	30	30	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	30	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	15,225	14,545	505	120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	14,970	14,320	480	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	11,875	11,435	285	105
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,910	2,705	190	15
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	175	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	255	225	25	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	235	205	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	15	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	510,265	381,445	6,490	1,175
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,305
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	497,485	390,310	6,630	1,255
Canadian citizens only	474,430	383,090	6,375	1,190
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	23,055	7,220	255	65
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	30,445	8,015	415	50
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,305
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	391,335	360,025	5,690	1,125
Immigrants^Footnote 44	130,365	36,900	1,265	165
Before 1981	50,625	19,410	210	40
1981 to 1990	16,570	4,450	90	25
1991 to 2000	23,695	4,550	255	55
2001 to 2010	26,325	5,880	460	30
2001 to 2005	12,920	2,995	190	0
2006 to 2010	13,410	2,885	275	20
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	13,150	2,615	240	25
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	6,225	1,395	100	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	130,365	36,900	1,265	165
Under 5 years	14,640	7,305	130	25
5 to 14 years	26,920	9,375	235	55
15 to 24 years	31,680	7,790	265	40
25 to 44 years	48,430	10,960	545	45
45 years and over	8,695	1,465	90	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	130,370	36,905	1,260	165
Americas	17,010	9,885	115	30
Brazil	330	45	10	0
Colombia	1,395	105	0	0
El Salvador	1,600	120	10	0
Guyana	1,230	1,225	0	0
Haiti	210	15	60	0
Jamaica	2,780	2,675	0	10
Mexico	605	25	0	0
Peru	225	20	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,250	1,240	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	3,900	3,400	30	15
Other places of birth in Americas	3,495	1,025	15	10
Europe	63,400	18,540	415	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,715	105	0	0
Croatia	4,800	265	10	0
France	390	45	235	10
Germany	3,020	460	20	0
Greece	1,350	150	0	0
Hungary	1,485	125	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	580	570	0	0
Italy	10,790	720	15	0
Netherlands	2,495	480	10	10
Poland	5,775	425	0	0
Portugal	5,600	465	10	10
Romania	1,710	115	25	0
Russian Federation	700	45	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	1,730	75	0	0
Ukraine	855	80	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	13,965	13,685	20	10
Other places of birth in Europe	5,445	740	60	15
Africa	7,490	2,445	690	60
Algeria	70	10	15	0
Egypt	800	180	20	0
Ethiopia	355	85	0	0
Kenya	440	220	0	0
Morocco	175	15	35	0
Nigeria	415	245	0	10
Somalia	580	35	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	640	490	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	4,025	1,155	620	45
Asia	42,025	5,685	45	40
Afghanistan	945	55	0	0
Bangladesh	1,020	115	0	0
China^Footnote 53	3,880	215	0	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	630	50	0	0
India	6,580	1,180	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	1,190	95	0	10
Iraq	4,750	375	0	10
Japan	210	35	20	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	1,100	90	0	0
Lebanon	970	120	15	10
Pakistan	3,685	615	0	0
Philippines	5,890	1,215	0	0
Sri Lanka	600	155	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	1,825	45	0	0
Taiwan	250	30	0	0
Viet Nam	2,780	160	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	5,725	1,120	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	440	345	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	13,150	2,620	240	20
Americas	2,010	970	20	0
Brazil	45	0	0	0
Colombia	260	25	0	0
Cuba	110	0	0	0
Haiti	90	0	20	0
Jamaica	310	285	0	0
Mexico	110	10	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	540	430	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	530	225	0	0
Europe	1,865	490	40	10
France	45	10	35	0
Germany	45	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	55	50	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	15	0	0	0
Romania	100	0	0	0
Russian Federation	115	0	0	0
Ukraine	85	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	365	350	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,045	75	10	10
Africa	1,665	425	175	10
Algeria	15	0	0	0
Cameroon	45	10	20	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	0	90	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	10
Egypt	215	35	0	0
Eritrea	60	10	0	0
Ethiopia	85	35	0	0
Morocco	25	0	0	0
Nigeria	105	65	0	0
Somalia	145	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	750	225	60	0
Asia	7,560	680	0	0
Afghanistan	115	10	0	0
Bangladesh	125	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	640	25	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	10	0	0	0
India	1,010	135	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	250	10	0	0
Iraq	1,095	45	0	0
Israel	45	10	0	0
Japan	35	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	130	10	0	0
Lebanon	160	20	0	0
Nepal	50	10	0	0
Pakistan	700	80	0	0
Philippines	1,080	185	0	0
Saudi Arabia	65	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	1,245	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	45	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	105	20	0	0
Viet Nam	110	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	510	120	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	45	50	0	0
Australia	35	30	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	15	15	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	527,930	398,325	7,050	1,305
First generation^Footnote 73	138,535	39,770	1,390	190
Second generation^Footnote 74	133,170	108,730	865	325
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	256,225	249,825	4,785	795
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	81,230	18,015	1,050	125
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	30,250	7,960	315	55
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	11,460	2,495	145	10
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	18,790	5,465	175	40
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	25,160	6,935	230	25
Refugees^Footnote 81	24,535	2,855	470	50
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	1,285	260	35	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	527,935	398,325	7,050	1,300
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	100,055	41,915	1,215	280
South Asian^Footnote 85	22,105	8,265	40	25
Chinese	10,070	2,535	10	10
Black	20,245	15,385	1,030	155
Filipino	8,150	3,290	0	0
Latin American	8,425	1,815	20	15
Arab	10,330	2,385	85	20
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	6,500	1,945	0	10
West Asian^Footnote 87	4,805	830	0	0
Korean	2,090	575	0	0
Japanese	1,060	775	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	2,530	1,635	0	25
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	3,745	2,490	25	15
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	427,875	356,410	5,835	1,025
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	527,930	398,325	7,045	1,305
North American Aboriginal origins	17,665	16,880	560	130
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,290	13,760	340	110
Inuit	220	205	10	0
Métis	3,455	3,175	240	25
Other North American origins	129,555	123,975	2,910	535
Acadian	695	555	125	15
American	5,935	5,740	35	30
Canadian	124,940	119,635	2,785	505
New Brunswicker	20	20	0	0
Newfoundlander	290	285	0	0
Nova Scotian	95	95	0	0
Ontarian	60	55	10	0
Québécois	120	105	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	60	55	0	0
European origins	383,005	312,755	4,680	895
British Isles origins	224,420	222,020	1,135	515
Channel Islander	65	55	0	0
Cornish	25	25	0	0
English	130,705	129,605	470	255
Irish	87,830	86,895	535	175
Manx	115	115	0	0
Scottish	98,765	98,115	285	125
Welsh	9,970	9,905	25	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	15,030	14,845	40	50
French origins	43,650	38,425	3,970	595
Alsatian	25	30	0	0
Breton	10	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	43,625	38,405	3,970	595
Western European origins (except French origins)	78,950	70,750	460	95
Austrian	3,400	2,780	0	15
Bavarian	15	20	0	0
Belgian	1,570	1,375	70	10
Dutch	28,405	25,600	95	10
Flemish	135	110	0	0
Frisian	165	140	0	0
German	50,405	45,510	295	65
Luxembourger	20	15	10	0
Swiss	1,465	1,320	20	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	55	50	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,540	8,045	45	25
Danish	2,310	2,115	10	0
Finnish	1,680	1,590	0	10
Icelandic	320	315	0	0
Norwegian	1,785	1,740	20	0
Swedish	2,540	2,355	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	480	475	10	0
Eastern European origins	67,920	50,055	300	120
Bulgarian	445	285	0	0
Byelorussian	205	95	0	0
Czech	2,405	1,420	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	945	800	0	0
Estonian	610	425	10	10
Hungarian	11,215	8,485	50	20
Latvian	970	605	10	0
Lithuanian	1,975	1,505	10	10
Moldovan	45	10	0	0
Polish	28,435	20,590	100	35
Romanian	4,500	2,630	50	0
Russian	5,740	4,130	25	10
Slovak	2,040	1,440	10	0
Ukrainian	18,990	16,570	60	35
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	315	280	0	0
Southern European origins	110,330	68,765	480	130
Albanian	1,645	415	0	0
Bosnian	2,115	465	0	0
Catalan	25	10	0	0
Croatian	10,355	4,850	30	0
Cypriot	110	60	0	0
Greek	5,030	3,210	15	10
Italian	62,335	46,315	310	65
Kosovar	305	115	0	0
Macedonian	1,265	760	0	0
Maltese	1,105	935	10	10
Montenegrin	175	40	0	0
Portuguese	16,230	8,945	75	25
Serbian	7,585	2,270	10	0
Sicilian	610	465	0	0
Slovenian	1,920	1,245	0	0
Spanish	6,290	3,350	80	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	1,220	820	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	70	25	0	0
Other European origins	2,760	1,965	60	0
Basque	35	25	10	0
Jewish	1,465	1,080	40	0
Roma (Gypsy)	300	90	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	175	100	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	835	685	20	0
Caribbean origins	12,725	11,740	115	60
Antiguan	65	65	0	0
Bahamian	85	80	0	0
Barbadian	685	685	0	0
Bermudan	90	95	0	0
Carib	30	30	0	0
Cuban	745	320	0	0
Dominican	395	280	20	10
Grenadian	345	350	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	340	120	75	15
Jamaican	7,455	7,275	20	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	45	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0
Puerto Rican	45	35	0	0
St. Lucian	110	110	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,765	1,745	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	210	205	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	1,065	1,025	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	420	395	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,785	5,540	30	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	420	175	15	0
Arawak	55	55	0	0
Argentinian	410	255	0	0
Belizean	25	15	0	0
Bolivian	55	0	0	0
Brazilian	530	240	0	0
Chilean	505	245	10	10
Colombian	1,915	375	0	0
Costa Rican	100	30	0	0
Ecuadorian	290	135	0	0
Guatemalan	815	340	10	0
Guyanese	1,835	1,830	0	0
Hispanic	270	75	0	0
Honduran	255	110	0	0
Maya	130	50	0	0
Mexican	1,275	655	0	0
Nicaraguan	315	110	0	0
Panamanian	70	45	0	0
Paraguayan	25	15	0	0
Peruvian	320	80	10	0
Salvadorean	2,185	745	10	0
Uruguayan	100	15	0	0
Venezuelan	220	125	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	630	320	0	0
African origins	14,440	8,330	1,040	120
Central and West African origins	3,250	1,700	570	45
Akan	25	10	0	0
Angolan	130	60	10	0
Ashanti	25	10	0	0
Beninese	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	25	10	0	0
Cameroonian	165	50	100	0
Chadian	275	110	15	0
Congolese	710	125	400	45
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	15	0	0	0
Ghanaian	865	620	0	0
Guinean	40	0	15	0
Ibo	60	40	0	0
Ivorian	25	15	10	0
Liberian	40	30	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	815	595	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	10	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	35	10	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	25	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	120	60	20	0
North African origins	2,590	1,055	100	10
Algerian	135	55	25	0
Berber	30	10	10	0
Coptic	55	30	0	0
Dinka	35	15	0	0
Egyptian	1,320	560	20	10
Libyan	140	35	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	285	135	50	0
Sudanese	645	260	0	0
Tunisian	45	15	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	80	15	0	0
Southern and East African origins	4,270	2,195	140	10
Afrikaner	15	10	0	0
Amhara	40	20	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	85	30	10	0
Burundian	85	25	20	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	185	85	0	0
Ethiopian	455	210	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	255	165	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	10	10	0
Oromo	60	40	0	0
Rwandan	285	80	90	10
Seychellois	10	0	0	10
Somali	1,250	335	10	0
South African	710	635	0	0
Tanzanian	120	100	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	105	55	0	0
Zambian	50	40	0	0
Zimbabwean	430	300	0	0
Zulu	95	65	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	275	140	10	0
Other African origins	4,565	3,535	240	65
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	730	670	0	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	3,885	2,905	235	50
Asian origins	74,200	26,335	195	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	21,105	6,135	130	50
Afghan	1,495	360	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	2,725	775	25	10
Armenian	955	530	10	0
Assyrian	2,070	290	0	0
Azerbaijani	75	10	0	0
Georgian	30	15	0	0
Hazara	45	10	0	0
Iranian	1,975	585	10	10
Iraqi	3,295	640	0	0
Israeli	320	165	30	10
Jordanian	600	210	0	0
Kazakh	30	0	0	0
Kurd	1,460	355	0	15
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	2,090	1,080	55	0
Palestinian	1,590	385	0	0
Pashtun	115	35	0	0
Saudi Arabian	125	20	0	0
Syrian	1,635	350	10	0
Tajik	10	0	0	0
Tatar	20	15	0	0
Turk	1,235	480	0	0
Turkmen	15	0	0	0
Uighur	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	300	80	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	595	205	0	10
South Asian origins	22,990	9,410	65	40
Bangladeshi	885	210	0	0
Bengali	350	90	0	0
Bhutanese	20	0	0	0
East Indian	15,790	7,160	50	25
Goan	45	50	0	0
Gujarati	100	20	10	0
Kashmiri	65	15	0	10
Nepali	175	35	0	0
Pakistani	3,930	1,190	0	10
Punjabi	1,185	330	0	0
Sinhalese	155	75	0	0
Sri Lankan	785	340	0	0
Tamil	130	50	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	1,010	420	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	30,650	11,265	10	25
Burmese	75	45	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,395	605	0	0
Chinese	12,560	4,090	10	15
Filipino	8,815	3,900	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	200	120	0	0
Japanese	1,395	1,045	0	0
Karen	380	105	0	0
Korean	2,135	605	0	0
Laotian	760	320	0	0
Malaysian	195	155	0	0
Mongolian	55	15	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0
Taiwanese	175	30	0	0
Thai	450	170	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	4,170	1,035	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	90	30	0	0
Other Asian origins	430	200	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	430	200	0	0
Oceania origins	825	790	0	0
Australian	495	475	0	0
New Zealander	180	180	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	170	150	0	0
Fijian	55	40	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0
Maori	30	30	0	0
Samoan	25	30	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	30	30	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	441,055	323,220	6,365	1,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	87,880	59,320	1,395	160
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	125,450	97,125	1,475	290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	227,730	166,775	3,495	630
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30,600	21,355	640	80
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	14,470	9,465	375	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	16,125	11,895	265	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	99,070	77,325	1,380	270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,155	5,315	165	40
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	89,905	62,780	1,315	240
Bachelor's degree	60,000	43,560	765	145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,980	4,050	115	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,045	1,725	45	10
Master's degree	17,020	11,265	280	55
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	3,860	2,185	115	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	441,055	323,225	6,365	1,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	213,325	156,445	2,875	450
Education	13,525	10,405	265	45
13. Education	13,525	10,400	270	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,160	7,470	135	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,700	1,485	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	7,455	5,990	130	20
Humanities	13,360	10,040	230	65
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,170	535	45	0
23. English language and literature/letters	3,515	2,895	35	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,150	2,250	20	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	85	70	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,115	915	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,140	885	10	0
54. History	2,470	2,075	25	15
55. French language and literature/letters	725	425	80	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	28,085	21,865	280	95
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	260	195	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,995	2,545	10	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,240	3,925	65	0
22. Legal professions and studies	3,650	2,855	30	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	670	585	10	0
42. Psychology	3,675	2,980	40	0
45. Social sciences	11,600	8,775	120	50
Business, management and public administration	41,430	30,480	640	110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	60	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,195	3,565	55	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	37,160	26,850	585	105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,390	6,050	140	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,130	2,760	85	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,780	1,180	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	90	60	0	0
40. Physical sciences	2,840	1,635	35	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	550	410	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,840	5,280	140	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,740	3,910	115	15
25. Library science	625	485	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,335	810	20	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	135	70	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	47,875	32,860	730	75
04. Architecture and related services	2,095	1,505	0	0
14. Engineering	8,670	3,915	140	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,470	8,315	170	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	9,345	7,170	140	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,820	7,580	155	10
48. Precision production	6,470	4,365	125	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,325	2,440	55	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,295	1,570	35	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,030	870	20	0
Health and related fields	39,315	29,030	625	125
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,435	2,980	55	10
51. Health professions and related programs	34,830	25,460	550	105
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,055	590	20	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	14,370	10,815	245	30
12. Personal and culinary services	8,210	5,745	125	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	55	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	40	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,000	3,475	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,040	1,495	65	10
Other	55	45	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	55	45	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	441,055	323,220	6,365	1,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	213,320	156,445	2,870	450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	227,735	166,780	3,495	630
Location of study inside Canada	192,205	155,265	3,055	590
Same as province or territory of residence	183,530	148,495	2,370	510
Different than province or territory of residence	8,675	6,770	685	75
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	35,530	11,515	440	45
United States^Footnote 132	5,835	4,485	55	0
Philippines	2,485	415	0	0
India	2,960	525	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	4,145	3,680	25	10
China^Footnote 134	1,415	0	0	0
France	190	10	130	10
Other	18,495	2,390	235	20
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	441,055	323,220	6,370	1,080
In the labour force	278,645	212,575	3,855	680
Employed	259,065	197,745	3,590	605
Unemployed	19,575	14,830	270	70
Not in the labour force	162,415	110,645	2,515	400
Participation rate	63.2	65.8	60.5	63.0
Employment rate	58.7	61.2	56.4	56.0
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.0	7.0	10.3
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	441,055	323,220	6,365	1,080
Did not work^Footnote 137	154,915	104,005	2,360	405
Worked	286,145	219,215	4,010	670
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	149,075	116,035	2,045	320
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	137,070	103,180	1,965	355
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.2	42.8	41.4
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	295,375	225,770	4,120	720
a.Management	27,985	22,035	385	90
00 Senior management occupations	2,635	2,020	60	15
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	8,730	7,110	135	45
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	10,670	8,180	120	35
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	5,945	4,720	70	0
b.Professional	51,045	38,480	820	150
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	7,715	5,970	85	15
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	8,125	5,320	125	30
30 Professional occupations in nursing	5,755	4,435	40	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	4,790	3,410	50	10
40 Professional occupations in education services	14,870	11,340	335	60
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	6,835	5,560	125	20
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	2,970	2,445	70	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	29,015	23,015	440	75
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	8,435	6,260	120	20
32 Technical occupations in health	6,120	4,590	115	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	6,215	4,970	100	15
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,195	2,050	25	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,060	5,145	75	20
d.Administration and administrative support	34,535	27,960	495	70
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	13,925	11,160	255	40
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	3,110	2,390	45	0
14 Office support occupations	11,575	9,425	120	25
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	5,920	4,985	80	0
e.Sales	31,665	25,355	350	70
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	7,075	5,570	100	15
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	13,960	11,305	150	25
66 Sales support occupations	10,625	8,485	100	30
f.Personal and customer information services	54,640	40,150	750	155
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	6,205	4,075	65	15
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	5,690	4,245	100	15
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	9,065	6,375	115	10
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	14,240	11,135	240	70
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	19,445	14,330	235	40
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	24,050	18,020	350	35
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	15,595	11,325	220	15
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	8,450	6,695	130	15
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	19,570	14,640	265	50
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	4,900	3,985	60	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	10,405	7,425	175	20
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	4,260	3,230	35	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,340	4,345	55	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	755	640	10	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,450	935	20	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,130	2,775	20	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,540	11,760	205	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,315	1,780	25	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	4,970	2,945	75	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	4,650	3,325	30	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	5,605	3,710	80	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	295,375	225,765	4,120	720
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,235	2,200	60	10
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	3,040	2,055	40	10
113 Forestry and logging	45	20	15	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	145	125	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	345	275	20	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	75	60	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	135	125	15	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	135	95	10	0
22 Utilities	1,405	1,090	20	0
221 Utilities	1,405	1,095	20	0
23 Construction	21,545	16,245	290	35
236 Construction of buildings	6,080	4,530	80	15
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,810	1,285	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	13,655	10,430	215	15
31-33 Manufacturing	35,240	24,730	520	55
311 Food manufacturing	5,865	3,260	95	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	430	390	10	0
313 Textile mills	85	50	0	0
314 Textile product mills	365	165	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	335	130	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	90	60	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	665	495	15	10
322 Paper manufacturing	480	355	20	0
323 Printing and related support activities	715	585	10	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	195	155	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,380	970	10	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,090	780	10	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,230	915	25	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	5,980	4,965	85	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	3,325	2,375	15	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,345	1,740	15	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,040	650	15	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	655	450	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	7,190	4,965	145	15
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	685	500	15	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,095	790	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	11,790	9,500	220	25
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	235	140	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	235	190	10	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,655	1,260	25	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,410	1,085	45	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	780	705	10	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,920	2,395	45	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,700	2,205	70	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,495	1,245	20	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	370	270	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	35,470	28,230	350	95
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,510	2,965	45	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,315	965	10	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,225	985	15	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,710	2,350	10	10
445 Food and beverage stores	8,625	6,505	55	10
446 Health and personal care stores	3,795	2,865	50	15
447 Gasoline stations	755	400	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,840	3,130	25	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,610	1,390	10	0
452 General merchandise stores	4,885	4,030	75	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,300	1,900	35	15
454 Non-store retailers	895	750	20	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,240	8,795	215	30
481 Air transportation	835	670	50	0
482 Rail transportation	275	225	10	0
483 Water transportation	110	90	10	0
484 Truck transportation	3,645	2,330	60	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,450	1,560	35	10
486 Pipeline transportation	40	30	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,455	1,145	20	10
491 Postal service	1,260	1,025	15	0
492 Couriers and messengers	1,395	1,100	10	0
493 Warehousing and storage	765	605	20	15
51 Information and cultural industries	5,965	5,005	60	40
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,370	1,195	10	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,085	930	25	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	670	605	10	0
517 Telecommunications	1,800	1,430	20	15
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	200	170	0	0
519 Other information services	840	675	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	11,410	8,850	155	35
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,040	3,700	50	20
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,705	1,375	15	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,620	3,740	90	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	40	40	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,285	4,055	35	10
531 Real estate	4,420	3,350	20	10
532 Rental and leasing services	830	675	15	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	35	30	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,965	12,895	275	60
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,970	12,895	275	60
55 Management of companies and enterprises	435	375	10	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	440	375	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,860	12,125	200	45
561 Administrative and support services	14,825	11,215	190	45
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,040	910	0	0
61 Educational services	26,710	20,565	560	105
611 Educational services	26,715	20,560	565	110
62 Health care and social assistance	38,515	28,955	490	70
621 Ambulatory health care services	11,125	8,355	160	30
622 Hospitals	13,765	10,800	135	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	7,115	4,730	90	15
624 Social assistance	6,510	5,070	105	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,745	5,035	55	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,955	1,745	15	10
712 Heritage institutions	380	330	10	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,405	2,960	30	15
72 Accommodation and food services	20,520	15,730	225	45
721 Accommodation services	1,360	930	30	0
722 Food services and drinking places	19,155	14,795	195	40
81 Other services (except public administration)	13,010	9,500	180	15
811 Repair and maintenance	3,840	2,860	55	0
812 Personal and laundry services	4,660	3,135	40	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,755	3,045	80	10
814 Private households	755	470	10	0
91 Public administration	13,690	11,600	185	20
911 Federal government public administration	3,000	2,460	70	10
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,885	1,540	20	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	8,775	7,575	90	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	15	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	10	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	259,065	197,745	3,585	610
Worked at home	15,785	12,270	245	70
Worked outside Canada	990	580	20	0
No fixed workplace address	29,165	21,245	390	75
Worked at usual place	213,130	163,650	2,930	465
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	295,375	225,765	4,120	720
English	289,885	224,565	3,460	580
French	1,130	485	455	40
Non-official language	1,675	65	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,675	65	0	0
English and French	690	285	185	80
English and non-official language	1,955	360	0	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	35	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	295,375	225,770	4,120	715
None	284,555	222,700	2,950	615
English	1,545	380	265	35
French	3,005	1,625	855	65
Non-official language	6,080	975	35	10
Aboriginal	15	15	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,065	955	40	10
English and French	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	170	85	15	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	213,130	163,650	2,930	465
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	142,615	109,155	1,785	265
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	70,100	54,180	1,140	200
Commute to a different province or territory	420	320	10	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	242,295	184,895	3,320	540
Car, truck, van - as a driver	183,830	139,845	2,505	405
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	17,350	13,330	135	45
Public transit	25,540	19,285	395	55
Walked	11,210	8,960	190	20
Bicycle	2,245	1,955	30	0
Other method	2,120	1,515	60	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	242,295	184,895	3,320	540
Less than 15 minutes	52,365	41,080	670	110
15 to 29 minutes	92,595	70,650	1,090	185
30 to 44 minutes	47,840	35,750	720	110
45 to 59 minutes	21,280	16,525	330	35
60 minutes and over	28,215	20,885	505	105
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	242,295	184,900	3,320	540
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	21,160	15,630	345	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45,130	33,975	590	95
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	58,890	46,870	855	170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	48,540	37,380	720	130
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	26,495	19,105	275	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	42,075	31,935	540	75
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	522,365	393,515	7,005	1,290
Non-movers	460,065	348,070	6,085	1,105
Movers	62,300	45,445	920	185
Non-migrants	40,575	31,175	580	130
Migrants	21,720	14,275	340	50
Internal migrants	17,035	13,165	270	50
Intraprovincial migrants	15,315	12,045	195	45
Interprovincial migrants	1,715	1,120	70	0
External migrants	4,685	1,110	75	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	499,650	373,825	6,810	1,250
Non-movers	320,160	242,115	4,150	685
Movers	179,495	131,705	2,660	565
Non-migrants	113,675	88,595	1,415	340
Migrants	65,820	43,110	1,245	225
Internal migrants	50,670	39,625	1,025	200
Intraprovincial migrants	46,210	36,485	770	170
Interprovincial migrants	4,460	3,140	255	30
External migrants	15,150	3,485	220	25

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Hamilton

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.