Data tables, 2016 Census
Language Spoken Most Often at Home (269), Other Language(s) Spoken Regularly at Home (270) and Age (15A) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 100% Data
Data table
Language spoken most often at home (269) | Age (15A) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total - Age | 0 to 14 years | 0 to 4 years | 5 to 9 years | 10 to 14 years | 15 to 24 years | 15 to 19 years | 20 to 24 years | 25 to 64 years | 25 to 34 years | 35 to 44 years | 45 to 54 years | 55 to 64 years | 65 to 74 years | 75 years and over | |
Total - Language spoken most often at homeFootnote 2 | 4,026,650 | 778,030 | 266,010 | 270,475 | 241,550 | 500,035 | 239,320 | 260,715 | 2,273,590 | 640,805 | 584,060 | 550,390 | 498,330 | 287,320 | 187,680 |
Single responses | 3,837,610 | 738,160 | 253,485 | 256,350 | 228,325 | 475,770 | 226,605 | 249,165 | 2,163,920 | 609,135 | 547,435 | 524,775 | 482,585 | 278,650 | 181,105 |
Official languages | 3,354,885 | 651,055 | 217,880 | 228,655 | 204,520 | 424,665 | 201,740 | 222,925 | 1,875,205 | 530,830 | 459,030 | 453,485 | 431,860 | 246,545 | 157,415 |
English | 3,327,255 | 645,410 | 215,860 | 226,645 | 202,905 | 421,445 | 200,275 | 221,170 | 1,859,400 | 526,120 | 454,240 | 449,890 | 429,145 | 244,860 | 156,150 |
French | 27,630 | 5,645 | 2,020 | 2,015 | 1,615 | 3,225 | 1,470 | 1,755 | 15,805 | 4,705 | 4,790 | 3,595 | 2,720 | 1,685 | 1,265 |
Non-official languages | 482,725 | 87,110 | 35,610 | 27,695 | 23,805 | 51,100 | 24,865 | 26,240 | 288,720 | 78,300 | 88,405 | 71,285 | 50,725 | 32,105 | 23,690 |
Aboriginal languages | 9,965 | 2,240 | 815 | 745 | 675 | 1,340 | 680 | 660 | 4,980 | 1,135 | 1,110 | 1,470 | 1,260 | 885 | 520 |
Algonquian languages | 7,175 | 1,675 | 620 | 535 | 520 | 935 | 490 | 450 | 3,425 | 675 | 735 | 1,035 | 980 | 730 | 410 |
Blackfoot | 1,110 | 80 | 25 | 35 | 20 | 55 | 35 | 20 | 650 | 55 | 90 | 190 | 310 | 215 | 115 |
Cree-Montagnais languages | 5,870 | 1,560 | 590 | 490 | 480 | 860 | 445 | 415 | 2,670 | 605 | 620 | 800 | 645 | 495 | 285 |
Atikamekw | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Montagnais (Innu) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Moose Cree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Naskapi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Northern East Cree | 25 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Plains Cree | 125 | 30 | 5 | 5 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 55 | 5 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 10 |
Southern East Cree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Swampy Cree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Woods Cree | 600 | 230 | 100 | 70 | 65 | 115 | 65 | 50 | 230 | 75 | 65 | 60 | 30 | 10 | 10 |
Cree, n.o.s. | 5,115 | 1,290 | 485 | 415 | 395 | 725 | 365 | 360 | 2,370 | 520 | 530 | 720 | 590 | 465 | 265 |
Eastern Algonquian languages | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Malecite | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mi'kmaq | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages | 185 | 40 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 105 | 10 | 25 | 45 | 20 | 20 | 5 |
Algonquin | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ojibway | 190 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 100 | 15 | 20 | 45 | 20 | 20 | 5 |
Oji-Cree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ottawa (Odawa) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Athabaskan languages | 620 | 90 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 70 | 25 | 45 | 365 | 80 | 65 | 140 | 80 | 45 | 45 |
Northern Athabaskan languages | 620 | 90 | 45 | 30 | 20 | 70 | 30 | 40 | 370 | 85 | 65 | 140 | 80 | 50 | 50 |
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Beaver | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Carrier | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chilcotin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dene | 535 | 85 | 40 | 25 | 15 | 60 | 20 | 40 | 320 | 70 | 60 | 120 | 70 | 40 | 35 |
Dogrib (Tlicho) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gwich'in | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sarsi (Sarcee) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sekani | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Slavey-Hare languages | 60 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 40 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
North Slavey (Hare) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
South Slavey | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 5 | 0 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
Slavey, n.o.s. | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tahltan languages | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kaska (Nahani) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tahltan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tutchone languages | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Northern Tutchone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Southern Tutchone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Haida | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Inuit languages | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Inuktitut | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Inuit languages, n.i.e. | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Iroquoian languages | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cayuga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mohawk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Oneida | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kutenai | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Michif | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Salish languages | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Comox | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Halkomelem | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lillooet | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Okanagan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Squamish | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Straits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Salish languages, n.i.e. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Siouan languages | 2,120 | 465 | 150 | 185 | 135 | 330 | 160 | 170 | 1,155 | 365 | 305 | 285 | 195 | 105 | 70 |
Dakota | 175 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 110 | 25 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 5 |
Stoney | 1,945 | 445 | 150 | 175 | 120 | 310 | 150 | 160 | 1,040 | 335 | 275 | 255 | 175 | 85 | 60 |
Siouan languages, n.i.e. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tlingit | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tsimshian languages | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gitxsan (Gitksan) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nisga'a | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tsimshian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wakashan languages | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Haisla | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Heiltsuk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Non-Aboriginal languages | 472,760 | 84,870 | 34,795 | 26,945 | 23,130 | 49,760 | 24,185 | 25,575 | 283,735 | 77,170 | 87,295 | 69,815 | 49,460 | 31,225 | 23,175 |
Afro-Asiatic languages | 43,765 | 11,450 | 5,280 | 3,635 | 2,530 | 4,785 | 2,305 | 2,480 | 25,665 | 8,800 | 8,985 | 5,295 | 2,575 | 1,230 | 645 |
Berber languages | 200 | 60 | 35 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 125 | 45 | 50 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Kabyle | 95 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Berber languages, n.i.e. | 105 | 30 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 65 | 20 | 25 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
Cushitic languages | 9,220 | 2,460 | 1,250 | 700 | 510 | 1,260 | 560 | 695 | 5,355 | 2,360 | 1,575 | 950 | 470 | 90 | 55 |
Bilen | 280 | 75 | 45 | 15 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 20 | 180 | 125 | 40 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
Oromo | 2,075 | 595 | 330 | 165 | 90 | 235 | 120 | 115 | 1,235 | 515 | 485 | 170 | 70 | 10 | 5 |
Somali | 6,850 | 1,795 | 875 | 515 | 400 | 1,000 | 435 | 570 | 3,925 | 1,715 | 1,045 | 770 | 395 | 85 | 45 |
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. | 15 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Semitic languages | 34,310 | 8,915 | 3,990 | 2,920 | 2,010 | 3,510 | 1,730 | 1,780 | 20,155 | 6,390 | 7,350 | 4,310 | 2,105 | 1,135 | 595 |
Amharic | 4,920 | 900 | 520 | 240 | 135 | 370 | 160 | 215 | 3,580 | 1,010 | 1,595 | 785 | 185 | 55 | 15 |
Arabic | 24,230 | 6,840 | 2,850 | 2,335 | 1,655 | 2,660 | 1,340 | 1,315 | 13,275 | 4,245 | 4,480 | 2,935 | 1,615 | 925 | 535 |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | 260 | 70 | 30 | 25 | 10 | 25 | 10 | 15 | 150 | 50 | 45 | 35 | 30 | 5 | 5 |
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic | 95 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 50 | 25 | 20 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Harari | 165 | 35 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 25 | 10 | 15 | 100 | 15 | 40 | 40 | 10 | 0 | 5 |
Hebrew | 460 | 110 | 35 | 40 | 35 | 55 | 35 | 20 | 250 | 70 | 95 | 50 | 35 | 40 | 5 |
Maltese | 15 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Tigrigna | 3,955 | 900 | 520 | 240 | 140 | 330 | 155 | 175 | 2,625 | 955 | 1,040 | 440 | 195 | 80 | 25 |
Semitic languages, n.i.e. | 210 | 40 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 30 | 10 | 20 | 120 | 35 | 35 | 30 | 20 | 15 | 5 |
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. | 45 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Austro-Asiatic languages | 16,355 | 1,780 | 660 | 565 | 555 | 1,400 | 700 | 700 | 10,830 | 1,700 | 2,300 | 3,390 | 3,430 | 1,370 | 975 |
Khmer (Cambodian) | 965 | 75 | 30 | 30 | 10 | 55 | 25 | 30 | 690 | 155 | 110 | 155 | 265 | 95 | 55 |
Vietnamese | 15,380 | 1,705 | 630 | 535 | 545 | 1,345 | 675 | 670 | 10,125 | 1,545 | 2,190 | 3,230 | 3,165 | 1,280 | 920 |
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Austronesian languages | 60,865 | 7,230 | 2,345 | 1,735 | 3,150 | 7,740 | 4,315 | 3,420 | 42,150 | 10,725 | 16,035 | 10,630 | 4,755 | 2,465 | 1,290 |
Bikol | 70 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 45 | 5 | 25 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Cebuano | 2,110 | 270 | 70 | 80 | 120 | 335 | 175 | 155 | 1,425 | 395 | 545 | 365 | 120 | 55 | 30 |
Fijian | 45 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Hiligaynon | 475 | 55 | 20 | 10 | 25 | 80 | 35 | 40 | 320 | 85 | 100 | 100 | 25 | 10 | 10 |
Ilocano | 1,975 | 200 | 50 | 55 | 95 | 220 | 120 | 95 | 1,365 | 300 | 495 | 375 | 200 | 135 | 60 |
Malagasy | 20 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Malay | 400 | 30 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 55 | 25 | 35 | 265 | 80 | 90 | 70 | 30 | 25 | 15 |
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) | 225 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 35 | 30 | 10 | 145 | 40 | 60 | 45 | 10 | 15 | 5 |
Pangasinan | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 30 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) | 55,105 | 6,575 | 2,160 | 1,560 | 2,855 | 6,925 | 3,870 | 3,055 | 38,250 | 9,745 | 14,585 | 9,590 | 4,335 | 2,200 | 1,150 |
Waray-Waray | 120 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 35 | 25 | 10 | 65 | 15 | 35 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. | 275 | 40 | 15 | 5 | 15 | 30 | 15 | 15 | 190 | 50 | 70 | 45 | 25 | 5 | 5 |
Creole languages | 975 | 135 | 50 | 30 | 50 | 120 | 60 | 55 | 660 | 190 | 220 | 170 | 85 | 35 | 25 |
Haitian Creole | 50 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 35 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Creole, n.o.s. | 655 | 95 | 35 | 20 | 40 | 75 | 50 | 30 | 445 | 115 | 160 | 115 | 55 | 25 | 20 |
Creole languages, n.i.e. | 265 | 35 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 35 | 10 | 20 | 185 | 70 | 50 | 45 | 25 | 5 | 5 |
Dravidian languages | 8,460 | 2,055 | 1,040 | 665 | 350 | 475 | 245 | 230 | 5,555 | 2,305 | 2,055 | 820 | 375 | 235 | 140 |
Kannada | 210 | 40 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 155 | 60 | 55 | 35 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
Malayalam | 4,060 | 1,090 | 550 | 345 | 185 | 215 | 135 | 85 | 2,590 | 1,075 | 990 | 380 | 150 | 105 | 65 |
Tamil | 2,915 | 655 | 325 | 225 | 110 | 160 | 75 | 85 | 1,935 | 770 | 720 | 270 | 175 | 100 | 55 |
Telugu | 1,245 | 270 | 145 | 90 | 40 | 80 | 30 | 50 | 855 | 400 | 290 | 135 | 35 | 20 | 20 |
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. | 30 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Hmong-Mien languages | 70 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 45 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Indo-European languages | 230,275 | 48,530 | 19,145 | 16,040 | 13,345 | 24,070 | 12,035 | 12,035 | 129,955 | 38,545 | 40,585 | 28,780 | 22,040 | 15,870 | 11,860 |
Albanian | 1,060 | 200 | 95 | 60 | 50 | 130 | 50 | 80 | 645 | 240 | 165 | 135 | 110 | 55 | 30 |
Armenian | 215 | 35 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 135 | 35 | 40 | 30 | 30 | 15 | 15 |
Balto-Slavic languages | 30,220 | 4,535 | 1,900 | 1,495 | 1,140 | 2,295 | 1,115 | 1,180 | 18,370 | 4,170 | 5,150 | 4,545 | 4,510 | 2,685 | 2,335 |
Baltic languages | 410 | 90 | 35 | 35 | 20 | 40 | 25 | 20 | 260 | 115 | 105 | 35 | 15 | 5 | 10 |
Latvian | 160 | 40 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 100 | 55 | 25 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Lithuanian | 245 | 45 | 15 | 20 | 10 | 25 | 20 | 10 | 165 | 60 | 75 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Slavic languages | 29,815 | 4,445 | 1,860 | 1,465 | 1,125 | 2,250 | 1,090 | 1,165 | 18,105 | 4,050 | 5,050 | 4,510 | 4,495 | 2,680 | 2,330 |
Belarusan | 15 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bosnian | 785 | 85 | 35 | 25 | 25 | 75 | 35 | 45 | 535 | 90 | 115 | 160 | 170 | 50 | 35 |
Bulgarian | 825 | 150 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 65 | 35 | 30 | 560 | 75 | 220 | 170 | 95 | 25 | 20 |
Croatian | 1,800 | 200 | 70 | 75 | 60 | 135 | 65 | 70 | 1,045 | 295 | 270 | 230 | 245 | 225 | 195 |
Czech | 875 | 85 | 40 | 35 | 10 | 45 | 15 | 35 | 425 | 140 | 95 | 55 | 135 | 195 | 120 |
Macedonian | 175 | 25 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 120 | 25 | 40 | 45 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
Polish | 7,705 | 730 | 305 | 245 | 180 | 470 | 190 | 280 | 4,750 | 740 | 960 | 1,140 | 1,915 | 1,055 | 705 |
Russian | 10,145 | 2,010 | 875 | 635 | 495 | 835 | 445 | 390 | 6,240 | 1,560 | 2,055 | 1,620 | 1,010 | 515 | 540 |
Serbian | 2,100 | 330 | 115 | 110 | 110 | 180 | 90 | 90 | 1,315 | 260 | 355 | 425 | 275 | 160 | 115 |
Serbo-Croatian | 315 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 235 | 30 | 25 | 75 | 115 | 30 | 10 |
Slovak | 710 | 135 | 50 | 45 | 30 | 45 | 20 | 30 | 445 | 95 | 180 | 90 | 80 | 60 | 25 |
Slovene (Slovenian) | 145 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 40 | 5 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 45 | 50 |
Ukrainian | 4,180 | 670 | 300 | 215 | 155 | 350 | 175 | 180 | 2,360 | 730 | 715 | 490 | 425 | 290 | 505 |
Slavic languages, n.i.e. | 55 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 15 |
Celtic languages | 40 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
Scottish Gaelic | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
Welsh | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Celtic languages, n.i.e. | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Germanic languages | 40,910 | 13,545 | 5,205 | 4,460 | 3,880 | 6,270 | 3,365 | 2,900 | 17,000 | 5,535 | 4,585 | 4,040 | 2,840 | 1,800 | 2,295 |
Afrikaans | 1,710 | 320 | 120 | 100 | 100 | 205 | 120 | 80 | 1,105 | 205 | 330 | 350 | 220 | 45 | 35 |
Danish | 150 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 50 | 5 | 5 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 55 |
Dutch | 1,980 | 275 | 100 | 95 | 80 | 185 | 90 | 95 | 985 | 130 | 200 | 370 | 285 | 235 | 305 |
Frisian | 60 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 30 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 0 |
German | 36,290 | 12,815 | 4,950 | 4,230 | 3,645 | 5,750 | 3,095 | 2,650 | 14,430 | 5,065 | 3,915 | 3,210 | 2,245 | 1,440 | 1,860 |
Icelandic | 30 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Norwegian | 60 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 |
Swedish | 145 | 25 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 70 | 10 | 30 | 10 | 15 | 25 | 15 |
Vlaams (Flemish) | 55 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 40 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
Yiddish | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Germanic languages, n.i.e. | 420 | 70 | 15 | 20 | 30 | 85 | 35 | 45 | 240 | 100 | 80 | 40 | 20 | 15 | 5 |
Greek | 1,020 | 65 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 35 | 15 | 20 | 395 | 70 | 100 | 95 | 130 | 240 | 280 |
Indo-Iranian languages | 111,975 | 22,060 | 8,925 | 7,315 | 5,820 | 10,760 | 5,080 | 5,675 | 66,805 | 21,950 | 21,365 | 13,165 | 10,330 | 8,145 | 4,210 |
Indo-Aryan languages | 98,605 | 19,400 | 7,735 | 6,500 | 5,170 | 9,390 | 4,460 | 4,930 | 58,265 | 18,870 | 18,565 | 11,535 | 9,300 | 7,620 | 3,930 |
Bengali | 4,530 | 800 | 320 | 250 | 230 | 390 | 195 | 195 | 3,095 | 990 | 990 | 775 | 340 | 165 | 70 |
Gujarati | 8,020 | 1,240 | 430 | 415 | 400 | 795 | 390 | 410 | 4,605 | 1,635 | 1,510 | 770 | 690 | 775 | 605 |
Hindi | 9,945 | 1,555 | 645 | 495 | 420 | 890 | 395 | 495 | 6,465 | 2,345 | 2,070 | 1,215 | 835 | 675 | 355 |
Kashmiri | 50 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
Konkani | 80 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
Marathi | 845 | 190 | 90 | 55 | 40 | 80 | 35 | 45 | 540 | 200 | 205 | 110 | 30 | 20 | 10 |
Nepali | 3,710 | 830 | 385 | 245 | 195 | 415 | 200 | 215 | 2,335 | 875 | 935 | 370 | 155 | 75 | 45 |
Oriya (Odia) | 95 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 65 | 20 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
Punjabi (Panjabi) | 51,010 | 9,630 | 4,055 | 3,185 | 2,395 | 4,540 | 2,035 | 2,500 | 29,535 | 9,710 | 8,905 | 5,275 | 5,655 | 4,940 | 2,370 |
Sindhi | 1,245 | 160 | 45 | 75 | 40 | 80 | 45 | 35 | 565 | 90 | 125 | 130 | 220 | 245 | 190 |
Sinhala (Sinhalese) | 1,485 | 265 | 95 | 80 | 90 | 140 | 75 | 65 | 1,025 | 215 | 405 | 280 | 125 | 45 | 15 |
Urdu | 17,600 | 4,685 | 1,645 | 1,680 | 1,355 | 2,045 | 1,080 | 960 | 9,950 | 2,770 | 3,365 | 2,575 | 1,240 | 660 | 265 |
Iranian languages | 12,720 | 2,520 | 1,125 | 765 | 625 | 1,290 | 590 | 695 | 8,155 | 2,955 | 2,690 | 1,545 | 970 | 505 | 255 |
Kurdish | 845 | 220 | 90 | 80 | 55 | 100 | 40 | 55 | 495 | 175 | 150 | 110 | 60 | 15 | 15 |
Pashto | 1,640 | 530 | 215 | 170 | 145 | 235 | 115 | 120 | 840 | 285 | 300 | 170 | 90 | 20 | 15 |
Persian (Farsi) | 10,230 | 1,765 | 830 | 515 | 420 | 950 | 430 | 520 | 6,820 | 2,495 | 2,235 | 1,265 | 815 | 470 | 230 |
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. | 650 | 145 | 60 | 55 | 30 | 80 | 30 | 50 | 385 | 130 | 110 | 85 | 60 | 25 | 20 |
Italic (Romance) languages | 44,830 | 8,085 | 2,985 | 2,665 | 2,430 | 4,560 | 2,400 | 2,165 | 26,580 | 6,540 | 9,175 | 6,770 | 4,095 | 2,920 | 2,685 |
Catalan | 35 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
Italian | 2,840 | 100 | 30 | 30 | 35 | 50 | 25 | 20 | 640 | 105 | 135 | 155 | 240 | 600 | 1,455 |
Portuguese | 3,905 | 570 | 240 | 175 | 155 | 235 | 110 | 130 | 2,155 | 590 | 720 | 455 | 395 | 530 | 410 |
Romanian | 4,135 | 740 | 290 | 265 | 185 | 260 | 135 | 120 | 2,865 | 625 | 1,030 | 825 | 380 | 170 | 105 |
Spanish | 33,910 | 6,665 | 2,420 | 2,190 | 2,055 | 4,015 | 2,125 | 1,890 | 20,900 | 5,215 | 7,275 | 5,330 | 3,085 | 1,615 | 705 |
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Japanese | 2,245 | 450 | 190 | 165 | 95 | 155 | 75 | 80 | 1,305 | 280 | 530 | 320 | 180 | 200 | 140 |
Kartvelian languages | 155 | 35 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 95 | 25 | 40 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
Georgian | 155 | 40 | 25 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 95 | 30 | 40 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
Korean | 12,780 | 1,900 | 795 | 560 | 540 | 1,570 | 750 | 820 | 8,370 | 2,010 | 2,415 | 2,440 | 1,510 | 625 | 310 |
Mongolic languages | 330 | 60 | 25 | 20 | 10 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 220 | 55 | 85 | 80 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Mongolian | 335 | 60 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 225 | 50 | 80 | 80 | 10 | 0 | 5 |
Niger-Congo languages | 5,600 | 1,210 | 580 | 335 | 300 | 680 | 325 | 355 | 3,565 | 1,245 | 1,225 | 770 | 330 | 100 | 40 |
Akan (Twi) | 845 | 165 | 70 | 50 | 45 | 80 | 40 | 40 | 570 | 175 | 155 | 140 | 105 | 20 | 10 |
Bamanankan | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Edo | 70 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 45 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Ewe | 85 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 55 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) | 100 | 30 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 55 | 20 | 25 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ga | 40 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 0 |
Ganda | 95 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 15 | 5 | 50 | 15 | 20 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Igbo | 270 | 60 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 25 | 10 | 10 | 165 | 40 | 60 | 45 | 20 | 10 | 5 |
Lingala | 80 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 55 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Rundi (Kirundi) | 280 | 65 | 35 | 20 | 10 | 45 | 20 | 20 | 170 | 55 | 70 | 30 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) | 350 | 60 | 30 | 15 | 15 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 230 | 105 | 60 | 45 | 20 | 5 | 0 |
Shona | 410 | 50 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 85 | 45 | 35 | 270 | 75 | 105 | 65 | 30 | 5 | 5 |
Swahili | 1,090 | 310 | 125 | 85 | 100 | 185 | 90 | 90 | 575 | 220 | 175 | 135 | 50 | 10 | 10 |
Wolof | 170 | 45 | 30 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 120 | 70 | 35 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Yoruba | 695 | 125 | 50 | 45 | 20 | 45 | 25 | 20 | 505 | 125 | 225 | 115 | 35 | 10 | 5 |
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. | 1,015 | 215 | 130 | 40 | 40 | 90 | 35 | 60 | 680 | 300 | 225 | 115 | 35 | 15 | 10 |
Nilo-Saharan languages | 1,520 | 465 | 150 | 175 | 140 | 185 | 120 | 60 | 855 | 295 | 320 | 190 | 50 | 15 | 5 |
Dinka | 800 | 225 | 85 | 75 | 65 | 90 | 60 | 35 | 475 | 170 | 175 | 95 | 30 | 10 | 0 |
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. | 725 | 245 | 65 | 105 | 75 | 95 | 60 | 30 | 380 | 125 | 145 | 90 | 20 | 5 | 0 |
Sign languages | 1,095 | 300 | 120 | 100 | 80 | 205 | 100 | 110 | 525 | 165 | 160 | 115 | 80 | 45 | 20 |
American Sign Language | 330 | 40 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 55 | 20 | 40 | 205 | 55 | 60 | 55 | 40 | 15 | 10 |
Quebec Sign Language | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sign languages, n.i.e | 765 | 265 | 100 | 100 | 65 | 150 | 80 | 75 | 315 | 110 | 100 | 65 | 45 | 20 | 10 |
Sino-Tibetan languages | 82,385 | 8,205 | 3,965 | 2,495 | 1,750 | 7,855 | 2,900 | 4,955 | 50,360 | 10,005 | 11,080 | 15,885 | 13,395 | 8,655 | 7,310 |
Chinese languages | 80,880 | 7,915 | 3,850 | 2,410 | 1,655 | 7,620 | 2,800 | 4,815 | 49,485 | 9,655 | 10,820 | 15,705 | 13,305 | 8,590 | 7,265 |
Cantonese | 38,275 | 2,515 | 1,200 | 755 | 565 | 2,300 | 1,010 | 1,290 | 22,495 | 2,965 | 3,765 | 6,285 | 9,475 | 5,870 | 5,100 |
Hakka | 315 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 165 | 20 | 15 | 45 | 90 | 70 | 65 |
Mandarin | 37,125 | 4,995 | 2,485 | 1,530 | 985 | 4,765 | 1,605 | 3,160 | 24,065 | 6,165 | 6,505 | 8,530 | 2,865 | 1,985 | 1,310 |
Min Dong | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 10 |
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) | 1,240 | 75 | 25 | 10 | 30 | 95 | 40 | 55 | 670 | 55 | 105 | 225 | 285 | 200 | 210 |
Wu (Shanghainese) | 345 | 30 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 25 | 5 | 15 | 205 | 45 | 40 | 55 | 60 | 40 | 45 |
Chinese, n.o.s. | 3,545 | 290 | 115 | 105 | 75 | 430 | 135 | 290 | 1,870 | 405 | 390 | 565 | 520 | 425 | 525 |
Chinese languages, n.i.e. | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Tibeto-Burman languages | 1,505 | 290 | 120 | 85 | 95 | 235 | 100 | 135 | 875 | 350 | 260 | 180 | 85 | 60 | 45 |
Burmese | 280 | 25 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 195 | 65 | 50 | 50 | 25 | 20 | 15 |
Karenic languages | 665 | 165 | 60 | 45 | 60 | 130 | 60 | 75 | 325 | 160 | 75 | 65 | 25 | 30 | 15 |
Tibetan | 420 | 55 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 75 | 35 | 45 | 265 | 90 | 100 | 50 | 30 | 5 | 15 |
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. | 140 | 35 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 85 | 35 | 30 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Tai-Kadai languages | 1,130 | 80 | 20 | 30 | 25 | 105 | 50 | 55 | 835 | 140 | 225 | 270 | 200 | 80 | 35 |
Lao | 465 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 350 | 25 | 45 | 130 | 155 | 55 | 30 |
Thai | 655 | 70 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 85 | 40 | 45 | 470 | 115 | 175 | 140 | 40 | 20 | 10 |
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Turkic languages | 2,395 | 625 | 275 | 230 | 120 | 210 | 110 | 100 | 1,460 | 430 | 555 | 315 | 160 | 65 | 30 |
Azerbaijani | 155 | 25 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 110 | 35 | 35 | 20 | 20 | 5 | 5 |
Turkish | 1,950 | 515 | 225 | 190 | 100 | 170 | 90 | 80 | 1,185 | 350 | 455 | 255 | 125 | 50 | 30 |
Uyghur | 85 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 50 | 5 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Uzbek | 135 | 50 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 70 | 20 | 30 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Turkic languages, n.i.e. | 70 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 40 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Uralic languages | 2,130 | 300 | 100 | 125 | 75 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 1,140 | 190 | 405 | 280 | 265 | 230 | 340 |
Estonian | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
Finnish | 105 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 35 | 5 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 |
Hungarian | 1,995 | 280 | 95 | 115 | 70 | 115 | 60 | 55 | 1,085 | 180 | 390 | 270 | 255 | 210 | 310 |
Uralic languages, n.i.e. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other languages, n.i.e. | 235 | 45 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 165 | 50 | 60 | 35 | 20 | 15 | 5 |
Multiple responses | 189,040 | 39,870 | 12,520 | 14,125 | 13,225 | 24,265 | 12,715 | 11,555 | 109,665 | 31,675 | 36,625 | 25,620 | 15,745 | 8,670 | 6,570 |
English and French | 6,885 | 2,040 | 690 | 780 | 575 | 810 | 430 | 375 | 3,390 | 1,185 | 945 | 700 | 565 | 335 | 310 |
English and non-official language | 178,070 | 36,770 | 11,625 | 12,955 | 12,190 | 22,780 | 11,880 | 10,900 | 104,105 | 29,845 | 34,920 | 24,420 | 14,915 | 8,225 | 6,185 |
French and non-official language | 1,125 | 185 | 65 | 55 | 70 | 115 | 60 | 60 | 760 | 200 | 285 | 190 | 90 | 35 | 30 |
English, French and non-official language | 2,965 | 870 | 145 | 335 | 395 | 560 | 340 | 220 | 1,410 | 450 | 470 | 315 | 180 | 75 | 55 |
Symbol(s)
- Symbol ..
-
not available for a specific reference period
..
- Symbol ...
-
not applicable
...
- Symbol x
-
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
x
- Symbol F
-
too unreliable to be published
F
Footnote(s)
- Footnote 1
-
n.i.e. = not included elsewhere
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified - Footnote 2
-
n.i.e. = not included elsewhere
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified
Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016075.
- Date modified: