Admission Category and Applicant Type (47), Selected Income Characteristics (92), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A), Age (10B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Admission category and applicant type (47): Total - Admission category and applicant type
• Immigrant status and period of immigration (10A): Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration
• Age (10B): Total - Age

This table details admission category and applicant type , selected income characteristics , immigrant status and period of immigration , age and sex for the population in private households in Canada

Selected income characteristics (92)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	28,643,020	13,990,435	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,400	13,441,550	14,047,845
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,205	40,755	28,868
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,225	13,446,230	14,053,995
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,861	35,917	26,630
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,050
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,754	39,886	26,632
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,135	8,752,065	10,990,060
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,457	4,204	6,141
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,135
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,683	39,827	28,504
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 5	9,367,050	5,231,010	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 6	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 7	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 9	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^Footnote 10	72.1	75.2	67.8
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 11	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Without total income	1,153,620	548,880	604,740
With total income	27,489,400	13,441,555	14,047,845
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,871,860	1,666,195	2,205,665
$10,000 to $19,999	4,683,950	1,870,255	2,813,695
$20,000 to $29,999	3,812,955	1,596,360	2,216,590
$30,000 to $39,999	3,205,135	1,472,245	1,732,890
$40,000 to $49,999	2,825,565	1,374,095	1,451,465
$50,000 to $59,999	2,182,490	1,146,960	1,035,530
$60,000 to $69,999	1,653,910	938,010	715,900
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270,955	744,085	526,870
$80,000 to $89,999	966,280	579,215	387,065
$90,000 to $99,999	749,660	451,210	298,445
$100,000 and over	2,266,650	1,602,925	663,725
$100,000 to $149,999	1,494,075	1,023,940	470,135
$150,000 and over	772,575	578,980	193,595
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 13	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
Without after-tax income	1,142,785	544,200	598,585
With after-tax income	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,054,000
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,999,055	1,703,925	2,295,130
$10,000 to $19,999	4,910,170	1,976,635	2,933,540
$20,000 to $29,999	4,492,315	1,928,890	2,563,420
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,455	1,868,550	2,055,910
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,765	1,619,105	1,525,665
$50,000 to $59,999	2,210,930	1,245,955	964,975
$60,000 to $69,999	1,536,595	908,335	628,260
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,160	654,490	421,670
$80,000 and over	2,205,770	1,540,345	665,425
$80,000 to $89,999	689,995	445,245	244,750
$90,000 to $99,999	422,280	291,500	130,780
$100,000 and over	1,093,500	803,600	289,895
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 14	28,643,020	13,990,435	14,652,585
Without employment income	8,214,345	3,447,895	4,766,455
With employment income	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,779,850	1,358,685	1,421,165
$5,000 to $9,999	1,600,435	696,130	904,300
$10,000 to $19,999	2,733,160	1,209,995	1,523,170
$20,000 to $29,999	2,294,505	1,023,400	1,271,105
$30,000 to $39,999	2,151,845	1,000,325	1,151,515
$40,000 to $49,999	1,927,855	945,545	982,310
$50,000 to $59,999	1,556,480	839,220	717,265
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,235	708,685	511,545
$70,000 to $79,999	992,840	590,745	402,100
$80,000 and over	3,171,465	2,169,815	1,001,650
$80,000 to $89,999	772,630	474,820	297,805
$90,000 to $99,999	625,170	382,515	242,650
$100,000 and over	1,773,670	1,312,480	461,190
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 15	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,211,650	8,249,715	8,961,935
In the bottom decile	3,432,010	1,664,870	1,767,145
In the second decile	3,439,335	1,563,020	1,876,320
In the third decile	3,454,745	1,648,440	1,806,305
In the fourth decile	3,440,535	1,673,550	1,766,985
In the fifth decile	3,445,025	1,699,840	1,745,180
In the top half of the distribution	17,248,410	8,721,860	8,526,550
In the sixth decile	3,459,680	1,721,880	1,737,800
In the seventh decile	3,451,515	1,735,490	1,716,020
In the eighth decile	3,437,340	1,735,740	1,701,605
In the ninth decile	3,453,685	1,756,745	1,696,940
In the top decile	3,446,190	1,772,005	1,674,185
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^Footnote 16	33,968,190	16,724,210	17,243,975
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,340	2,242,030	2,567,305
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,113,485	1,511,140	1,602,350
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.0	9.3

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the 'principal applicant' or 'secondary applicant' on the application for permanent residence.'Secondary applicant' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 2

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents and immigrants who landed between 2015 and 2016 are included in the 'Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration.' The categories for 'Non-permanent residents' and period of immigration '2015 to 2016' are not presented elsewhere in this table with income as they may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit, or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 6

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 7

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 8

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 13

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 14

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 15

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 16

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Data quality note(s) – Canada

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016367.