Data tables, 2016 Census

Admission Category and Applicant Type (47), Selected Income Characteristics (92), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A), Age (10B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

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This table details admission category and applicant type , selected income characteristics , immigrant status and period of immigration , age and sex for the population in private households in Alberta
Data quality
Selected income characteristics (92) Sex (3)
Total - Sex Male Female
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 3 3,206,045 1,602,810 1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 3,054,550 1,528,095 1,526,455
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 42,708 54,868 33,249
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 62,778 80,001 45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 3,055,230 1,528,235 1,526,995
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 38,060 47,103 30,512
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 50,683 62,938 38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 2,840,675 1,458,210 1,382,465
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 42,328 54,518 32,131
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 62,997 80,282 44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 1,784,345 710,105 1,074,240
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 4,101 3,853 4,194
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 7,175 7,298 7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 2,473,665 1,299,805 1,173,860
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 42,716 54,386 33,020
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 59,343 74,073 43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 4 3,206,045 1,602,815 1,603,235
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 5 1,152,385 669,775 482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 6 64,090 73,781 53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 7 81,586 94,822 63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample dataFootnote 8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)Footnote 9 93.3 95.8 89.0
Employment income (%)Footnote 10 76.6 78.8 72.7
Government transfers (%)Footnote 11 6.7 4.2 11.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 12 3,206,045 1,602,810 1,603,235
Without total income 151,495 74,710 76,780
With total income 3,054,555 1,528,100 1,526,455
Percentage with total income 95.3 95.3 95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss) 390,505 146,910 243,595
$10,000 to $19,999 384,800 146,860 237,940
$20,000 to $29,999 366,700 144,535 222,165
$30,000 to $39,999 304,920 130,735 174,185
$40,000 to $49,999 286,105 132,895 153,215
$50,000 to $59,999 248,065 124,700 123,365
$60,000 to $69,999 205,195 113,580 91,610
$70,000 to $79,999 166,005 99,710 66,300
$80,000 to $89,999 132,045 82,425 49,620
$90,000 to $99,999 113,840 70,220 43,620
$100,000 and over 456,375 335,530 120,850
$100,000 to $149,999 274,670 191,955 82,720
$150,000 and over 181,705 143,580 38,125
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 13 3,206,045 1,602,810 1,603,235
Without after-tax income 150,815 74,570 76,240
With after-tax income 3,055,230 1,528,240 1,526,995
Percentage with after-tax income 95.3 95.3 95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss) 400,135 149,780 250,355
$10,000 to $19,999 402,015 153,970 248,045
$20,000 to $29,999 422,810 168,790 254,015
$30,000 to $39,999 375,840 168,005 207,840
$40,000 to $49,999 348,355 172,200 176,155
$50,000 to $59,999 276,555 153,295 123,260
$60,000 to $69,999 208,060 126,940 81,120
$70,000 to $79,999 160,390 100,705 59,690
$80,000 and over 461,075 334,550 126,515
$80,000 to $89,999 121,455 78,560 42,895
$90,000 to $99,999 81,855 57,060 24,790
$100,000 and over 257,760 198,930 58,830
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 14 3,206,045 1,602,810 1,603,235
Without employment income 732,375 303,005 429,375
With employment income 2,473,665 1,299,805 1,173,860
Percentage with employment income 77.2 81.1 73.2
Under $5,000 (including loss) 274,080 122,865 151,215
$5,000 to $9,999 164,010 68,570 95,435
$10,000 to $19,999 273,995 113,105 160,885
$20,000 to $29,999 235,810 97,150 138,655
$30,000 to $39,999 226,675 99,765 126,915
$40,000 to $49,999 219,510 103,235 116,275
$50,000 to $59,999 195,785 99,570 96,215
$60,000 to $69,999 162,970 92,280 70,690
$70,000 to $79,999 134,715 83,065 51,645
$80,000 and over 586,125 420,205 165,925
$80,000 to $89,999 110,920 70,810 40,105
$90,000 to $99,999 100,025 62,155 37,865
$100,000 and over 375,180 287,235 87,950
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 15 3,978,145 1,998,500 1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution 1,523,840 737,820 786,020
In the bottom decile 292,425 143,235 149,185
In the second decile 276,455 127,945 148,500
In the third decile 297,160 141,705 155,460
In the fourth decile 313,055 153,110 159,945
In the fifth decile 344,750 171,820 172,935
In the top half of the distribution 2,454,305 1,260,680 1,193,620
In the sixth decile 365,850 183,560 182,290
In the seventh decile 400,000 203,565 196,440
In the eighth decile 441,305 225,825 215,480
In the ninth decile 522,155 268,620 253,535
In the top decile 724,990 379,115 345,875
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample dataFootnote 16 3,925,220 1,971,735 1,953,485
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 363,145 172,025 191,115
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.3 8.7 9.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 270,965 132,935 138,030
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 6.9 6.7 7.1

Symbol(s)

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not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

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too unreliable to be published

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Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the 'principal applicant' or 'secondary applicant' on the application for permanent residence.'Secondary applicant' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents and immigrants who landed between 2015 and 2016 are included in the 'Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration.' The categories for 'Non-permanent residents' and period of immigration '2015 to 2016' are not presented elsewhere in this table with income as they may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit, or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016367.

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