Low-income statistics by age groups, Income Highlight Tables, 2016 Census

Population in private households for income status, number of persons in low income, prevalence of low income based on the low-income concept - Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT), by age groups (total - age groups), Canada and census divisions, 2016 Census – 100% Data, 2006 Census – 20% Sample data

Data table

Population in private households for income status, number of persons in low income, prevalence of low income based on the low-income concept - Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT), by age groups (total - age groups), Canada and census divisions, 2016 Census – 100% Data, 2006 Census – 20% Sample data
Geographic name^{Footnote 2}	Type	Prov.	Population in private households for income status^{Footnote 3}		Number of persons in low income		Prevalence of low income (%)
Geographic name^{Footnote 2}	Type	Prov.	2006	2016	2005	2015	2005	2015	Difference

Canada			30,638,315	33,968,295	4,301,420	4,809,940	14.0	14.2	0.2
Toronto	CDR	Ont.	2,467,160	2,691,665	460,310	543,390	18.7	20.2	1.5
Montréal	TÉ	Que.	1,815,420	1,895,000	402,440	403,885	22.2	21.3	-0.9
Greater Vancouver	RD	B.C.	2,085,105	2,417,260	339,390	398,720	16.3	16.5	0.2
Peel	RM	Ont.	1,152,125	1,372,640	124,380	175,985	10.8	12.8	2.0
Division No. 11	CDR	Alta.	1,054,890	1,332,525	106,825	124,425	10.1	9.3	-0.8
Division No. 6	CDR	Alta.	1,147,540	1,476,315	105,030	130,220	9.2	8.8	-0.4
Ottawa	CDR	Ont.	797,515	916,855	94,485	115,180	11.8	12.6	0.8
Division No. 11	CDR	Man.	624,515	693,030	94,220	109,685	15.1	15.8	0.7
York	RM	Ont.	886,220	1,100,690	87,300	132,450	9.9	12.0	2.1
Hamilton	CDR	Ont.	495,590	527,930	69,910	80,915	14.1	15.3	1.2
Québec	TÉ	Que.	511,885	550,790	67,275	65,065	13.1	11.8	-1.3
Middlesex	CTY	Ont.	415,200	448,385	55,855	77,040	13.5	17.2	3.7
Halifax	CTY	N.S.	367,785	397,370	53,470	58,825	14.5	14.8	0.3
Essex	CTY	Ont.	386,930	391,000	52,035	64,665	13.4	16.5	3.1
Niagara	RM	Ont.	419,425	438,160	49,670	63,410	11.8	14.5	2.7
Longueuil	TÉ	Que.	380,540	406,365	47,870	49,740	12.6	12.2	-0.4
Durham	RM	Ont.	556,020	639,360	47,635	62,035	8.6	9.7	1.1
Waterloo	RM	Ont.	470,835	527,340	46,645	64,020	9.9	12.1	2.2
Division No. 1	CDR	N.L.	245,205	266,705	43,860	35,360	17.9	13.3	-4.6
Capital	RD	B.C.	331,715	367,660	40,860	48,985	12.3	13.3	1.0
Simcoe	CTY	Ont.	413,665	469,605	40,700	53,575	9.8	11.4	1.6
Laval	TÉ	Que.	363,715	410,845	40,190	46,470	11.0	11.3	0.3
Division No. 11	CDR	Sask.	240,055	296,250	37,675	35,140	15.7	11.9	-3.8
Fraser Valley	RD	B.C.	246,705	280,900	34,625	39,235	14.0	14.0	0.0
Halton	RM	Ont.	433,445	540,975	28,760	44,485	6.6	8.2	1.6

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Note(s):

Footnote 1

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

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Footnote 2

Low-income concepts do not apply to certain geographic areas, i.e., geographic areas within territories and/or census subdivision types associated with 'on reserve' population.

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Footnote 3

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

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