Geographic code Geographic name [2] Geographic type Province or territory Global non-response rate Data quality flag Low-income concepts [1] Age groups Population in private households for income status [3], 2016 Number of persons in low income, 2015 Prevalence of low income (%), 2015 01 Canada 4.0 20000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 33968295 4809940 14.2 4817027 Big Lakes County Municipal district Alberta 8.3 00100 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 5665 1105 19.5 4710046 Big Quill No. 308 Rural municipality Saskatchewan 2.8 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 520 65 12.5 4716072 Big River Town Saskatchewan 5.7 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 670 110 16.4 4716075 Big River No. 555 Rural municipality Saskatchewan 6.0 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 875 105 12.0 4807021 Big Valley Village Alberta 4.2 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 345 40 11.6 4712046 Biggar Town Saskatchewan 4.8 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 2150 305 14.2 4712042 Biggar No. 347 Rural municipality Saskatchewan 2.0 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 650 70 10.8 4815015 Bighorn No. 8 Municipal district Alberta 8.9 00100 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 1290 105 8.1 3551021 Billings Township Ontario 4.7 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 605 75 12.4 4715068 Birch Hills Town Saskatchewan 5.5 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 1000 105 10.5 4819049 Birch Hills County Municipal district Alberta 3.6 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 1195 225 18.8 4715067 Birch Hills No. 460 Rural municipality Saskatchewan 2.2 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 635 65 10.2 1008038 Birchy Bay Town Newfoundland and Labrador 7.1 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 550 110 20.0 1001394 Bishop's Cove Town Newfoundland and Labrador 8.3 00100 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 285 55 19.3 1006019 Bishop's Falls Town Newfoundland and Labrador 4.5 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 3135 675 21.5 4714038 Bjorkdale No. 426 Rural municipality Saskatchewan 3.3 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 845 135 16.0 4806011 Black Diamond Town Alberta 7.3 00100 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 2565 265 10.3 3556014 Black River-Matheson Township Ontario 5.3 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 2415 455 18.8 4808029 Blackfalds Town Alberta 3.3 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 9325 555 6.0 1302012 Blacks Harbour Village New Brunswick 4.8 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 850 160 18.8 1309018 Blackville Parish New Brunswick 6.7 00100 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 1890 415 22.0 1309019 Blackville Village New Brunswick 1.7 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 945 170 18.0 4716016 Blaine Lake Town Saskatchewan 12.5 01100 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 500 155 31.0 4716013 Blaine Lake No. 434 Rural municipality Saskatchewan 4.8 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 290 55 19.0 2473015 Blainville Ville Quebec 2.1 00000 Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT) Total - Age groups 56440 3390 6.0 Note(s): [1] Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases. Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016. When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households. Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016. When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families. [2] Low-income concepts do not apply to certain geographic areas, i.e., geographic areas within territories and/or census subdivision types associated with 'on reserve' population. [3] Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income. Data quality flag: Digit Description First (0XXXX): Incomplete enumeration flag Second (X0XXX): Short-form data quality flag Third (XX0XX): Short-form income data quality flag Fourth (XXX0X): Not applicable Fifth (XXXX0): Not applicable Flag description Incomplete enumeration flag 0 = Default. Not applicable. 1 = Incompletely enumerated Indian reserve or Indian settlement (suppressed). 2 = Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements. Short-form data quality flag 0 = Default. Data quality index showing a short-form global non-response rate lower than 10%. 1 = Data quality index showing a short-form global non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%. 2 = Data quality index showing a short-form global non-response rate higher than or equal to 20%, but lower than 30%. 3 = Data quality index showing a short-form global non-response rate higher than or equal to 30%, but lower than 40%. 4 = Data quality index showing a short-form global non-response rate higher than or equal to 40%, but lower than 50%. 5 = Data quality index showing a short-form global non-response rate higher than or equal to 50% (suppressed). 9 = Short-form data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Short-form income data quality flag 0 = Default. Data quality index showing a short-form income non-response rate lower than 10%. 1 = Data quality index showing a short-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%. 2 = Data quality index showing a short-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 20%, but lower than 30%. 3 = Data quality index showing a short-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 30%. 9 = Short-form income data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Not applicable 0 = Default. Not applicable 0 = Default. Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-402-X2016006. Ottawa. Released September 13, 2017.