Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please contact us to request a format other than those available.

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Waterloo, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Waterloo, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Waterloo, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Waterloo, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	104,986	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	98,780	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	46,096	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	40,381	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,639.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	64.02	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	104,985	52,490	52,500	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	16,445	8,440	8,005	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	4,740	2,440	2,300	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	5,590	2,900	2,685	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	6,120	3,100	3,020	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	73,375	37,030	36,340	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	7,440	3,875	3,560	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	11,700	6,285	5,420	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	7,620	4,175	3,435	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	6,150	3,110	3,040	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	5,950	2,955	2,995	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	6,580	3,155	3,425	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	7,415	3,505	3,905	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	7,795	3,780	4,020	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	7,020	3,485	3,535	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	5,705	2,700	3,005	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	15,165	7,015	8,155	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	4,905	2,350	2,555	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	3,460	1,625	1,840	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	2,550	1,155	1,395	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	1,980	890	1,085	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	2,270	995	1,275	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	1,415	570	845	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	780	400	380	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	65	20	45	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	10	0	10	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.1	15.2	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	69.9	70.5	69.2	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	14.4	13.4	15.5	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.9	2.4	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.0	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	37.7	35.6	39.7	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	22,115	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,950	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	12,195	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,010	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	4,965	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	890	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,315	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	130	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	40,380	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	9,925	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	13,385	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	6,620	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	6,915	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	3,535	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,390	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	88,540	44,045	44,495	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	49,555	24,760	24,790	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	43,545	21,770	21,775	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	6,010	2,995	3,015	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	38,985	19,280	19,705	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	28,630	15,915	12,710	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	2,140	935	1,210	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	3,990	1,400	2,585	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	4,225	1,030	3,195	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	28,155	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	13,050	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	6,100	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	6,550	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	2,455	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	28,155	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	24,260	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	21,260	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	3,005	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,890	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	3,085	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	810	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	24,265	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	10,790	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	13,470	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	4,870	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	6,230	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	2,375	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,895	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	2,260	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	1,230	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	405	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,760	10,150	9,610	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	26,820	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,190	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,630	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	660	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,905	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	9,930	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,980	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	103,785	51,885	51,900	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	92,425	46,990	45,440	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	40	20	20	535	255	280
English and French	9,665	4,180	5,480	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	1,660	700	955	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	103,785	51,885	51,900	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	100,330	50,345	49,990	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	1,120	520	600	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	725	345	380	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	1,615	680	935	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,480	690	790	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	103,790	51,890	51,900	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	101,710	50,855	50,850	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	73,095	36,590	36,500	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	71,995	36,075	35,920	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	1,100	515	585	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	28,615	14,265	14,350	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	0	0	5	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	15	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	250	115	135
Woods Cree	0	0	0	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	935	445	490
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	110	125
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Dakota	0	0	0	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	28,605	14,260	14,345	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,205	1,165	1,045	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	15	10	10	10	5	0
Kabyle	15	10	10	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	170	85	80	1,050	505	545
Bilen	0	0	0	55	25	30
Oromo	5	5	5	195	100	90
Somali	160	80	80	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Semitic languages	2,015	1,065	950	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	80	35	45	290	140	155
Arabic	1,810	965	850	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	20	10	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	75	75
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	50	30	25	75	45	30
Maltese	5	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	30	15	15	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	475	240	235	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	135	70	70
Vietnamese	460	230	230	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	390	135	255	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	5	0	0	85	40	40
Cebuano	5	0	5	1,545	685	855
Fijian	0	0	0	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	255	120	140
Ilocano	25	10	15	790	370	415
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	60	25	40	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	175	80	95
Pangasinan	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	95	190	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	125	140
Creole languages	25	15	15	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	540	300	240	1,560	865	700
Kannada	35	20	15	60	35	30
Malayalam	120	65	55	850	455	395
Tamil	265	150	120	350	200	150
Telugu	115	65	50	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	70	25	40	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,625	7,275	7,350	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	70	35	30	380	190	190
Armenian	175	85	85	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	3,455	1,670	1,785	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	35	15	20	175	85	90
Latvian	10	0	10	100	45	50
Lithuanian	25	10	15	75	40	35
Slavic languages	3,420	1,650	1,765	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	25	20	225	110	120
Bulgarian	65	35	35	65	35	30
Croatian	255	135	130	455	240	220
Czech	140	65	75	235	115	125
Macedonian	35	20	15	55	30	30
Polish	985	465	515	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	720	340	375	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	715	360	360	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	55	120	60	65
Slovak	115	55	55	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	15	80	40	45
Ukrainian	175	75	100	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	290	145	145
Celtic languages	5	5	5	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	10	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	10	5
Germanic languages	2,850	1,355	1,500	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	30	20	15	880	450	430
Danish	50	25	30	255	145	110
Dutch	330	155	180	1,385	685	700
Frisian	10	5	5	30	20	10
German	2,365	1,125	1,245	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	0	5	0	55	20	25
Norwegian	15	5	5	310	140	165
Swedish	25	15	10	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	60	25	35
Yiddish	5	5	5	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	340	160	180	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	4,765	2,530	2,235	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	3,315	1,745	1,570	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	365	200	170	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	395	200	190	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	565	325	240	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	0	0	5	20	10	10
Konkani	20	15	5	35	15	10
Marathi	75	35	40	140	80	55
Nepali	60	30	30	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	770	380	390	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	75	40	35	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	55	60	270	130	135
Urdu	855	445	410	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	1,405	765	640	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	90	50	40	145	80	65
Pashto	140	70	70	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	1,175	640	535	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	2,960	1,440	1,520	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	10	5	5	5	0	0
Italian	325	160	165	705	365	340
Portuguese	535	275	260	615	265	350
Romanian	795	380	415	850	425	430
Spanish	1,290	615	675	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	5	5
Japanese	150	65	85	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Georgian	5	5	5	5	0	5
Korean	1,095	545	550	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	10	5	5	40	20	25
Mongolian	5	5	5	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	145	80	65	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	190	115	75
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ewe	10	5	5	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	5
Ga	5	5	0	20	15	5
Ganda	0	0	0	35	15	20
Igbo	10	5	5	215	125	90
Lingala	0	0	0	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	115	55	60
Shona	15	10	10	90	55	40
Swahili	30	20	15	425	220	205
Wolof	5	0	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	20	10	10	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	335	195	140
Dinka	0	5	0	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	220	120	100
Sign languages	20	10	15	200	100	100
American Sign Language	10	0	5	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	5	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,005	3,985	4,015	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	8,000	3,980	4,015	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	970	505	465	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	15	5	5	35	20	15
Mandarin	6,535	3,215	3,320	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	50	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	35	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	320	185	140	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	1,040	530	505
Burmese	0	0	0	180	115	65
Karenic languages	0	0	0	810	395	415
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	140	60	85	525	235	290
Lao	105	45	60	345	175	170
Thai	35	10	25	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	310	165	140	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	40	25	15	25	10	10
Turkish	255	135	115	290	155	130
Uyghur	5	0	0	5	0	5
Uzbek	5	0	5	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uralic languages	350	175	180	1,555	735	820
Estonian	25	15	10	20	10	10
Finnish	40	20	20	205	85	120
Hungarian	285	140	150	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	100	55	45
Multiple responses	2,080	1,030	1,050	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	230	125	105	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	1,735	845	890	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	55	30	25	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	65	30	30	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	103,785	51,890	51,900	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	98,840	49,450	49,395	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	83,655	41,950	41,705	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	83,310	41,790	41,520	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	345	160	185	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	15,185	7,500	7,685	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	95	40	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,185	7,495	7,685	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,300	655	645	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	5	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	90	40	50	720	335	380
Bilen	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oromo	0	0	0	140	75	70
Somali	90	40	50	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	1,200	615	590	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	50	25	25	150	75	70
Arabic	1,090	555	535	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	115	60	55
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	15	20	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	125	135	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	40	20	25
Vietnamese	255	120	135	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	65	95	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	110	60	50
Ilocano	10	5	5	240	115	120
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	5	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	55	80	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45
Creole languages	5	0	5	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	230	125	105	845	440	410
Kannada	15	10	5	20	10	10
Malayalam	65	35	25	525	265	260
Tamil	100	55	45	155	90	65
Telugu	45	20	25	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,335	3,125	3,210	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	25	10	10	205	100	100
Armenian	120	60	65	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	1,575	765	810	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	5	5	5	80	35	45
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	5	5	5	40	15	25
Slavic languages	1,575	765	810	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	5	85	45	40
Bulgarian	25	15	15	35	20	15
Croatian	95	50	50	170	85	85
Czech	40	20	20	30	20	15
Macedonian	20	10	5	35	15	15
Polish	400	195	200	480	220	255
Russian	415	200	215	1,725	875	840
Serbian	415	200	215	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	25	45	20	25
Slovak	35	15	20	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	5	5	0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	170	80	90
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	400	185	215	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	0	0	0	530	275	250
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Dutch	20	10	10	200	110	95
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	365	165	205	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swedish	5	5	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Greek	95	40	55	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	2,795	1,430	1,365	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	1,780	895	890	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	215	110	100	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	215	100	115	1,585	865	720
Hindi	230	120	115	880	490	390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	15	5	5	10	5	5
Marathi	30	15	20	55	30	30
Nepali	20	10	10	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	495	245	250	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	30	15	15	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	30	35	140	70	70
Urdu	470	240	220	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	990	525	465	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	50	30	25	65	40	30
Pashto	90	45	50	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	850	455	395	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	1,320	645	680	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	25	155	80	75
Portuguese	225	120	105	220	100	115
Romanian	350	175	175	315	165	150
Spanish	695	320	370	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Japanese	90	40	45	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	775	365	410	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	0	5	0	25	10	10
Mongolian	5	0	0	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	20	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	55	30	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	5	0	0	40	15	20
Lingala	0	0	0	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	35	15	25
Shona	0	0	0	35	25	15
Swahili	10	10	5	200	90	110
Wolof	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	135	65	70
Dinka	0	0	0	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	70	35	40
Sign languages	30	15	10	285	175	105
American Sign Language	10	5	5	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,625	2,800	2,820	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	5,615	2,800	2,820	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	520	260	255	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	0	0	5	5	0	0
Mandarin	4,815	2,390	2,430	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	220	125	100	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	775	380	395
Burmese	0	0	0	115	65	55
Karenic languages	0	5	5	640	310	335
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	70	25	45	190	85	105
Lao	55	20	35	125	60	60
Thai	15	0	15	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	135	70	60	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	5	5	5
Turkish	120	65	55	170	90	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages	90	45	40	240	125	120
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Finnish	0	5	5	15	10	5
Hungarian	85	40	40	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	45	25	20
Multiple responses	4,950	2,440	2,510	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	120	65	60	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	4,735	2,330	2,405	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	10	5	0	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	80	40	45	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	103,790	51,885	51,900	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	87,015	43,615	43,400	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	7,235	3,615	3,615	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	1,100	445	650	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	8,050	4,005	4,045	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	15	0	15	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	8,035	4,000	4,030	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	55	25	30	170	85	85
English and non-official language	200	115	90	860	440	420
French and non-official language	125	60	65	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	86,985	43,275	43,705	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	83,135	41,505	41,635	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,691	42,935	29,941	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	83,145	41,510	41,645	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,445	38,412	27,578	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,120	38,630	37,490	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,508	43,498	28,350	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	58,220	26,885	31,335	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,541	627	2,827	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	63,355	33,310	30,045	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,157	42,014	29,252	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	86,985	43,275	43,710	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	83,350	41,595	41,765	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,520	63,278	41,806	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	83,375	41,600	41,775	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,471	49,869	35,103	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,140	38,650	37,490	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,065	64,574	41,199	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	58,260	26,910	31,355	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,792	5,058	6,422	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	63,350	33,415	29,940	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,369	61,304	40,281	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	86,985	43,275	43,710	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	30,265	17,185	13,080	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	63,101	70,523	55,310	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	78,771	90,412	63,482	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.3	94.8	88.5	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.5	77.7	69.6	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.7	5.2	11.5	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	86,985	43,275	43,710	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	3,850	1,775	2,075	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	83,135	41,500	41,635	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.9	95.3	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,700	6,600	8,100	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	12,415	5,260	7,155	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	9,760	4,170	5,590	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	8,025	3,700	4,330	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	7,000	3,345	3,650	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	5,985	2,925	3,060	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	4,825	2,575	2,255	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	4,040	2,215	1,825	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	3,260	1,870	1,395	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	3,310	1,850	1,455	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	9,810	6,995	2,815	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	6,065	4,155	1,910	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	3,745	2,835	910	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	86,985	43,275	43,710	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	3,840	1,770	2,065	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	83,150	41,505	41,640	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	95.6	95.9	95.3	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,070	6,715	8,355	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	12,890	5,450	7,435	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	11,205	4,870	6,335	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	9,530	4,450	5,075	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	8,345	4,065	4,280	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	6,470	3,435	3,035	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	5,120	2,910	2,215	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	4,540	2,585	1,955	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	9,970	7,025	2,945	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	2,845	1,835	1,015	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	1,275	590	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	5,260	3,920	1,345	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	86,985	43,280	43,710	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	23,635	9,965	13,670	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	63,350	33,310	30,045	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	72.8	77.0	68.7	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,115	4,435	4,680	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	5,640	2,615	3,025	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	8,290	3,920	4,370	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	5,895	2,725	3,165	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	5,240	2,455	2,785	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	4,950	2,360	2,590	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	4,345	2,205	2,145	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	3,560	1,930	1,635	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	3,055	1,700	1,360	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	13,255	8,970	4,290	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	2,630	1,535	1,100	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	2,800	1,580	1,220	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	7,825	5,855	1,965	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	40,380	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,045	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,239	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	9,930	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,003	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,491	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	30,455	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,053	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,961	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,411	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,690	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,935	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,264	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,076	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	30,445	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,759	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,600	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	40,380	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	1,225	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	555	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	860	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,345	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,290	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,345	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,350	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,440	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,315	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,690	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,525	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,395	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,305	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,405	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,375	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,385	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,260	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,390	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	40,380	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	1,285	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	570	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	885	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,160	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,485	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,425	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,565	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,645	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,625	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,675	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,180	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,025	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,955	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,690	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,280	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,930	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,585	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,085	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,255	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	27,935	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,958	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,198	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,020	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,514	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,588	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	13,540	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,735	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,815	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,660	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,823	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,470	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	27,890	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	131,312	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,469	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,025	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	115,978	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,290	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	13,575	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	159,949	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,329	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,665	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	72,683	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,599	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,925	9,370	8,555	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,160	25,639	26,596	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,924	24,630	25,304	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	18,040	9,300	8,740	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,682	40,990	38,290	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,249	34,009	32,441	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	103,390	51,690	51,700	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	42,885	21,220	21,665	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	12,205	6,300	5,905	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	7,570	3,605	3,965	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	7,265	3,450	3,810	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	7,570	3,705	3,865	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	8,275	4,155	4,120	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	60,510	30,465	30,040	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	9,280	4,610	4,670	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	10,210	5,165	5,040	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	11,370	5,755	5,625	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	13,710	6,875	6,835	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	15,940	8,065	7,875	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	103,390	51,685	51,700	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	20,205	10,420	9,785	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	5,780	2,980	2,805	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	69,415	34,925	34,490	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	13,765	6,340	7,430	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,195	6,935	7,255	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	2,800	1,475	1,325	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	920	500	420	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	10,240	5,035	5,205	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	1,160	430	730	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.9	14.2	13.5	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	16.8	15.0	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.4	15.1	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	8.4	6.8	9.8	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,925	5,700	5,225	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	1,655	885	770	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	505	285	220	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	8,935	4,675	4,255	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	340	140	200	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.6	11.0	10.1	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	8.5	7.9	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.7	9.6	7.8	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.9	13.4	12.3	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	2.5	2.2	2.7	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	103,390	51,685	51,700	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	101,735	50,975	50,760	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	101,725	50,975	50,750	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	9,645	4,300	5,350	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	33,920	16,875	17,045	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	35	0	30	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	30	10	30	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	10	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	470	185	285
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	25	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	0	20	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	510	255	250
Dakota	0	0	0	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	33,885	16,870	17,020	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,795	1,485	1,310	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	35	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	190	110	80	1,305	620	690
Bilen	0	0	0	85	40	45
Oromo	0	0	0	160	70	90
Somali	185	105	80	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,600	1,375	1,230	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	130	55	75	545	255	290
Arabic	2,330	1,240	1,085	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	20	10	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	105	50	55	470	245	230
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	65	30	35	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	530	260	270	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	0	20	210	105	105
Vietnamese	505	255	255	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	585	200	385	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	0	0	0	90	30	55
Cebuano	20	0	20	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	285	130	150
Ilocano	35	10	25	785	365	415
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	120	50	70	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	265	130	135
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	140	295	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	300	145	155
Creole languages	80	60	30	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	50	20	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	715	420	295	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	80	45	30	115	65	55
Malayalam	190	90	100	1,170	625	540
Tamil	420	260	160	635	345	290
Telugu	105	70	35	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	100	40	60	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	18,760	9,190	9,565	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	110	60	50	560	275	285
Armenian	205	95	110	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	4,010	1,840	2,165	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	30	15	20	225	120	110
Latvian	20	10	15	135	60	70
Lithuanian	10	10	10	95	60	35
Slavic languages	3,985	1,835	2,145	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	20	0	15	20	0	15
Bosnian	125	65	60	325	155	165
Bulgarian	70	30	35	75	40	35
Croatian	445	200	245	605	355	250
Czech	200	95	100	300	155	150
Macedonian	50	35	15	65	35	35
Polish	1,050	465	580	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	1,025	480	550	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	880	410	470	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	85	25	65	80	30	50
Slovak	185	100	85	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	25	20	105	50	50
Ukrainian	265	110	150	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	345	205	140
Celtic languages	10	0	0	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	10	55	35	25
Welsh	0	0	0	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	45	20
Germanic languages	3,990	1,845	2,155	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	65	35	30	1,455	750	705
Danish	70	30	45	320	195	125
Dutch	430	180	250	1,510	720	790
Frisian	0	0	0	25	15	15
German	3,455	1,620	1,835	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	0	0	0	70	40	30
Norwegian	10	0	0	415	180	235
Swedish	50	35	15	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	80	25	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	135	125
Greek	350	160	190	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	6,085	3,240	2,845	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	4,625	2,445	2,180	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	555	295	255	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	530	290	240	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	1,810	970	840	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	20
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	15
Marathi	140	70	70	185	120	70
Nepali	20	10	10	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,165	615	550	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	100	50	50	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	85	90	355	205	150
Urdu	1,580	815	765	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	1,465	800	665	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	75	30	45	145	90	60
Pashto	110	40	65	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	1,320	745	575	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	4,645	2,215	2,430	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	15	10	0	0	10	0
Italian	620	320	300	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	665	355	315	885	380	505
Romanian	960	455	510	1,105	525	575
Spanish	2,580	1,170	1,405	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	40	30	10
Japanese	415	215	200	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	1,145	585	555	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	55	20	30
Mongolian	15	10	0	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	280	180	95	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	355	185	170
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	20	0	20
Ewe	0	0	0	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	60	45	15
Ga	0	10	0	45	25	15
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	60	55	10	625	325	300
Lingala	25	15	10	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	125	65	55
Shona	0	0	0	150	90	55
Swahili	85	45	40	950	570	380
Wolof	10	10	0	40	25	15
Yoruba	80	50	25	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	300	150	145
Dinka	0	0	0	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	90	105
Sign languages	80	30	50	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	50	20	30	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,735	4,365	4,375	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	8,735	4,365	4,375	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	1,350	685	670	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	10	0	0	30	10	20
Mandarin	7,465	3,680	3,790	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	90	40	50	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	455	265	190	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	960	495	460
Burmese	0	10	0	315	185	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	635	310	325
Tibetan	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	210	90	120	635	245	385
Lao	155	60	95	410	170	240
Thai	55	25	25	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	465	290	170	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	80	65	15	25	20	10
Turkish	405	260	145	530	310	220
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	10	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	315	145	170	1,765	850	915
Estonian	25	15	10	20	15	10
Finnish	30	10	25	360	170	190
Hungarian	255	120	135	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	103,390	51,690	51,700	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	92,060	45,980	46,080	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,010	9,765	9,250	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,045	36,215	36,835	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	11,330	5,710	5,620	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	103,390	51,685	51,705	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	72,255	36,195	36,060	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	26,155	12,835	13,320	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	6,355	3,015	3,335	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	2,705	1,320	1,385	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	5,400	2,700	2,705	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	7,855	3,970	3,885	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	3,890	2,015	1,875	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	3,970	1,955	2,015	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,840	1,835	2,005	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,985	2,660	2,320	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	26,155	12,830	13,320	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	2,840	1,370	1,475	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	5,395	3,025	2,365	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	4,845	2,265	2,580	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	11,080	5,220	5,860	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	1,995	950	1,045	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	26,155	12,835	13,320	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	3,260	1,560	1,695	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	135	80	55	185	65	120
Colombia	180	75	110	555	275	280
El Salvador	200	120	80	630	290	340
Guyana	440	195	245	155	75	85
Haiti	0	0	0	65	45	20
Jamaica	250	150	105	815	425	395
Mexico	150	75	80	1,330	665	665
Peru	60	25	30	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	165	75	90	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,135	525	610	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	545	255	290	1,805	955	845
Europe	8,390	3,980	4,405	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	405	205	195	455	215	245
Croatia	285	140	150	445	280	165
France	80	45	35	215	90	125
Germany	1,085	490	600	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	120	50	70	605	325	280
Hungary	130	55	75	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	70	65	845	490	355
Italy	215	125	90	570	305	265
Netherlands	270	130	140	1,220	585	635
Poland	780	340	435	1,395	690	705
Portugal	180	95	85	220	105	120
Romania	755	365	390	695	335	360
Russian Federation	345	135	210	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	370	170	200	585	305	280
Ukraine	270	135	135	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,935	945	990	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	1,030	490	545	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	1,530	780	750	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	35	15	15	50	35	15
Egypt	465	240	225	435	230	205
Ethiopia	80	35	45	635	285	355
Kenya	115	55	65	425	225	200
Morocco	20	10	15	180	95	80
Nigeria	105	50	50	1,695	845	855
Somalia	85	50	40	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	130	70	65	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	490	265	230	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	12,875	6,460	6,415	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	140	65	75	515	230	285
Bangladesh	275	145	135	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,825	1,875	1,950	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	380	215	160	765	370	400
India	2,000	1,060	940	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	755	395	360	785	465	325
Iraq	345	170	170	1,175	625	550
Japan	75	30	45	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	820	440	385	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	135	75	65	255	160	90
Pakistan	980	520	460	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	405	135	270	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	330	165	165	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	390	195	195	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	320	150	170	180	80	100
Viet Nam	380	185	200	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320	645	675	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	105	45	60	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,840	1,835	2,010	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	345	155	195	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	10	0	0	45	10	35
Colombia	35	10	30	115	55	65
Cuba	0	0	10	35	20	15
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaica	45	25	20	405	230	180
Mexico	0	10	0	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	175	75	100	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	0	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	80	40	35	490	220	270
Europe	415	170	250	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	15	10	10	50	15	45
Germany	45	20	25	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	15	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	100	50	50
Romania	15	10	15	95	35	60
Russian Federation	45	15	30	220	85	135
Ukraine	10	0	0	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	100	35	60	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	170	75	90	1,505	755	750
Africa	280	150	125	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	10	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0	15	15	0
Egypt	100	50	50	160	75	85
Eritrea	0	0	0	305	145	160
Ethiopia	10	0	10	190	110	85
Morocco	0	0	0	90	40	45
Nigeria	35	20	15	1,035	525	520
Somalia	10	10	0	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	550	285	265
Tunisia	0	0	0	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	85	55	35	1,360	725	635
Asia	2,795	1,355	1,445	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	0	0	10	125	45	85
Bangladesh	50	10	40	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	900	430	470	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	10	75	35	40
India	475	270	200	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	260	135	130	330	180	150
Iraq	105	60	45	405	200	205
Israel	0	0	0	95	55	35
Japan	10	10	10	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	130	45	85	475	195	280
Lebanon	15	0	10	80	50	30
Nepal	20	15	15	235	145	90
Pakistan	165	80	85	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	145	45	100	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	55	40	15	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	240	130	110	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	45	25	20	60	30	30
Turkey	30	20	15	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	25	10	20	85	55	30
Viet Nam	10	10	10	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	85	15	70	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	150	90	60
Australia	10	10	0	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	103,390	51,690	51,700	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	31,855	15,860	15,995	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	21,670	11,120	10,550	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	49,860	24,705	25,160	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	20,155	9,980	10,175	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	12,240	6,535	5,710	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,290	3,165	1,125	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	7,955	3,370	4,585	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	4,660	1,755	2,900	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,175	1,660	1,520	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	80	35	45	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	103,390	51,685	51,705	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,220	660	555	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,155	620	530	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	635	305	325	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	490	290	195	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	30	25	10	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	15	10	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	40	25	15	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	102,175	51,030	51,145	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	103,390	51,685	51,700	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	330	170	160	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,060	51,520	51,545	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	103,390	51,690	51,700	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	150	55	105	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	155	50	105	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	130	35	95	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	25	10	10	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,045	1,045	1,005	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,975	1,015	965	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,390	685	705	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	565	315	255	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	25	0	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	70	30	45	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	25	40	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	101,185	50,590	50,595	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	103,390	51,685	51,705	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	27,265	14,095	13,175	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	6,650	3,560	3,085	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	9,565	4,770	4,790	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	1,990	1,120	865	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	545	195	350	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	1,405	720	680	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	1,870	1,025	845	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,185	560	625	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,150	655	500	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	1,170	610	555	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	225	100	120	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	610	310	300	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	905	460	445	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	76,125	37,595	38,530	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	103,390	51,685	51,700	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	2,205	1,095	1,110	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,595	755	840	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	25	25	0	650	305	345
Métis	655	345	305	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	22,965	11,380	11,590	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	120	50	70	485	270	215
American	1,355	710	640	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	21,945	10,865	11,080	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	120	85	40	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	25	10	20
Ontarian	0	0	0	20	20	10
Québécois	25	10	20	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	85	35	55
European origins	69,010	34,125	34,890	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	42,580	21,165	21,415	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	35	15	20
English	23,845	11,795	12,050	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	17,975	8,650	9,325	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	30	10	20	250	120	130
Scottish	18,965	9,275	9,695	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	1,890	845	1,045	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,210	1,535	1,675	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	8,795	4,290	4,500	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	70	25	45	10	10	10
Breton	0	0	0	25	10	15
Corsican	15	10	10	15	0	15
French	8,720	4,265	4,450	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	29,240	14,355	14,885	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	1,110	545	560	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	0	0	0	50	45	0
Belgian	395	215	180	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	5,190	2,605	2,580	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	100	60	45	805	415	395
Frisian	10	10	0	70	35	35
German	24,050	11,820	12,230	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	10	0	0	500	275	225
Swiss	1,535	755	785	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,575	1,340	1,235	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	565	305	260	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	490	240	245	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	150	85	65	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	680	345	335	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	620	300	315	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	220	135	90	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	13,295	6,440	6,850	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	110	45	60	355	190	160
Byelorussian	125	50	75	290	150	140
Czech	535	275	255	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	120	50	70	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	170	80	90	265	150	115
Hungarian	1,590	790	795	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	70	40	35	535	265	265
Lithuanian	240	115	125	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	10	0	10	345	145	200
Polish	5,190	2,565	2,625	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	1,625	760	865	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	1,925	910	1,015	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	490	245	245	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	3,050	1,490	1,560	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	0	15	255	115	135
Southern European origins	9,560	4,865	4,700	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	160	95	60	605	310	290
Bosnian	160	65	90	515	260	260
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Croatian	895	455	440	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	120	75	45	45	35	10
Greek	925	425	495	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	3,885	2,025	1,860	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	0	0	0	30	25	10
Macedonian	185	85	100	110	45	65
Maltese	165	70	95	125	65	60
Montenegrin	55	30	25	85	40	40
Portuguese	1,415	755	660	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	960	460	505	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	25	25	0	100	75	25
Slovenian	195	105	90	640	275	365
Spanish	1,065	545	515	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	280	120	155	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	35	0	30
Other European origins	500	280	220	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	10	0	10	50	40	10
Jewish	335	195	140	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	10	10	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	135	75	65	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	1,475	765	715	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	10	15	10	0
Barbadian	110	45	65	110	45	60
Bermudan	40	20	20	20	20	0
Carib	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuban	130	50	80	185	125	55
Dominican	65	35	25	115	75	45
Grenadian	15	10	0	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	110	75	40
Jamaican	635	375	260	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	55	15	40
St. Lucian	40	25	15	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	260	130	130	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	10	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	220	110	120	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	35	15	15	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,290	1,125	1,165	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	60	35	30	300	150	150
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	40	0	40	160	60	95
Belizean	0	0	0	55	35	15
Bolivian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Brazilian	170	95	70	305	150	155
Chilean	55	20	35	860	450	415
Colombian	360	155	205	705	335	370
Costa Rican	0	10	0	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	85	35	45	105	70	30
Guatemalan	110	65	45	270	135	140
Guyanese	455	240	220	185	110	75
Hispanic	40	25	10	125	75	50
Honduran	15	10	0	95	45	50
Maya	35	15	15	140	75	65
Mexican	295	125	170	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	115	60	50	140	50	90
Panamanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Paraguayan	20	10	15	40	30	10
Peruvian	125	75	45	295	120	175
Salvadorean	250	125	130	765	350	415
Uruguayan	10	0	0	65	20	40
Venezuelan	110	45	60	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	150	80	70	320	165	160
African origins	2,690	1,455	1,235	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	360	215	145	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	0	0	0	115	80	40
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	15	10
Cameroonian	25	10	20	205	90	110
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	35	25	15	530	290	240
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ghanaian	75	25	55	555	320	235
Guinean	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ibo	35	15	15	485	275	215
Ivorian	0	10	0	75	35	45
Liberian	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	200	125	75	1,715	875	835
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	40	25	10
Togolese	0	0	0	55	35	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yoruba	20	10	0	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	10	10	235	115	125
North African origins	1,075	580	495	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	55	30	25	70	50	15
Berber	10	0	10	55	45	15
Coptic	0	0	0	40	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Egyptian	765	405	360	535	290	245
Libyan	125	65	55	205	115	85
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	75	40	35	220	110	115
Sudanese	35	25	10	935	515	420
Tunisian	15	15	10	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	750	380	375	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	10	10	0	60	35	30
Amhara	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	45	30	10
Burundian	0	0	0	300	155	145
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Eritrean	95	45	50	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	115	35	75	675	335	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	0	10	190	95	95
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mauritian	30	15	20	205	90	110
Oromo	0	0	0	140	65	75
Rwandan	10	0	0	80	20	60
Seychellois	10	10	0	10	10	0
Somali	300	175	125	1,275	635	635
South African	125	45	80	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	15	10	0	55	35	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Ugandan	0	10	0	90	40	50
Zambian	0	0	0	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	260	170	90
Zulu	0	0	0	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	35	25	15	535	300	240
Other African origins	535	295	240	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	25	25	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	505	285	225	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	24,385	12,520	11,865	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	4,225	2,295	1,930	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	300	175	125	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	425	265	155	1,175	645	530
Armenian	280	155	125	240	130	115
Assyrian	10	0	0	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	50	25	25
Georgian	30	15	15	35	20	10
Hazara	15	10	10	25	10	20
Iranian	1,205	665	545	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	325	165	155	1,290	690	605
Israeli	30	20	10	120	75	50
Jordanian	70	30	40	75	40	30
Kazakh	10	10	0	30	15	15
Kurd	70	35	35	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lebanese	355	175	180	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	275	120	150	120	60	55
Pashtun	95	50	50	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	85	45	35	110	80	30
Syrian	400	215	185	1,365	740	625
Tajik	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tatar	0	0	0	60	25	35
Turk	390	240	150	860	450	405
Turkmen	15	0	10	20	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	70	15	50
Yemeni	10	10	0	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	160	90	65	265	130	130
South Asian origins	6,935	3,725	3,215	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	275	150	130	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	115	65	50	600	350	250
Bhutanese	0	0	0	210	110	100
East Indian	4,905	2,630	2,280	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	10	0	10	45	25	15
Gujarati	65	30	40	195	105	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	75	40
Nepali	20	0	10	565	320	245
Pakistani	1,145	595	555	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	205	120	85	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	115	65	50	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	340	185	150	515	290	225
Tamil	85	55	25	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	325	175	155	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	13,450	6,595	6,855	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	40	15	30	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	10	30	305	165	145
Chinese	10,220	5,095	5,115	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	645	245	400	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	85	30	55	0	0	0
Indonesian	150	75	75	220	115	105
Japanese	320	155	170	1,220	530	690
Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290
Korean	1,235	640	590	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	205	95	110	705	335	380
Malaysian	50	25	20	160	75	80
Mongolian	35	20	20	205	105	100
Singaporean	25	20	0	10	0	10
Taiwanese	220	95	125	265	115	155
Thai	80	30	50	420	170	250
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	35	25
Vietnamese	745	370	375	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	50	50	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	135	70	65	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	140	75	65	735	345	385
Oceania origins	205	105	105	1,430	760	665
Australian	100	40	55	890	505	385
New Zealander	70	45	20	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	35	15	20	310	140	170
Fijian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maori	10	0	0	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	0	25	15	10
Samoan	25	15	10	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	27,790	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	12,590	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	5,695	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	34,685	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	40,380	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	3,725	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,245	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,515	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,855	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,600	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	5,675	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	6,335	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	5,880	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,890	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	40,385	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,835	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	545	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	40,385	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	38,785	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	1,595	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	4,750	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,345	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,930	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,415	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,785	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,305	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,855	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	40,380	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	38,780	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,600	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	40,380	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	21,545	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	17,340	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,495	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	40,380	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,320	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,925	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,595	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,585	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,335	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,900	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,690	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	1,035	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	40,290	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,430	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,855	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,600	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,790	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.4	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.5	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,265	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,391	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,997	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	434,455	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,590	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.5	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.4	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,050	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,146	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	86,985	43,280	43,705	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,510	5,150	5,355	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	23,380	11,865	11,520	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,090	26,260	26,835	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,815	2,685	1,125	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,690	965	725	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,125	1,720	400	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,370	6,330	8,040	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,615	695	915	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	33,295	16,545	16,750	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	20,290	9,510	10,780	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,685	745	945	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	485	315	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	7,750	3,875	3,875	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,765	1,935	830	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	54,125	26,815	27,310	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,240	1,715	1,525	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	9,985	5,010	4,975	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,900	20,090	20,810	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,465	1,775	690	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,055	630	420	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,410	1,145	265	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,915	4,885	6,025	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,055	455	600	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	26,470	12,970	13,500	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	15,510	7,225	8,285	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,330	555	775	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	345	295	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	6,740	3,330	3,405	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,255	1,520	735	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	86,985	43,275	43,710	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	33,890	17,020	16,875	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	2,900	650	2,250	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	2,900	650	2,250	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,790	695	1,100	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	215	50	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	1,525	480	1,045	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	4,185	1,450	2,735	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	420	75	345	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	1,200	315	890	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	215	580	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	40	20	25	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	345	185	160	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	385	210	175	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	730	380	345	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	265	50	220	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,330	2,595	4,730	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	25	85	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	785	300	475	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	55	885	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	710	300	410	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	190	30	160	465	155	310
42. Psychology	1,575	420	1,160	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	3,025	1,465	1,555	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	9,495	4,145	5,350	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	130	605	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,755	4,005	4,750	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,260	1,755	1,510	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,220	515	710	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	595	300	290	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	10	25	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	1,365	915	445	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	40	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,585	3,095	1,490	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,680	1,935	740	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	180	25	155	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,530	975	550	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	190	145	40	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,505	8,910	1,595	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	435	240	195	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	4,995	3,885	1,115	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,850	1,660	190	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,185	1,155	30	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,130	1,090	45	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	905	880	30	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	910	515	400	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	350	180	170	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	330	230	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	6,045	1,455	4,585	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	985	425	560	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	4,805	865	3,940	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	250	165	90	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,980	975	1,000	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	1,140	355	780	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	10	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	560	390	170	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	220	40	5,880	5,450	430
Other	105	20	85	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	105	20	85	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	54,120	26,810	27,310	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	13,220	6,725	6,500	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	2,115	445	1,670	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	2,115	445	1,675	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,320	450	865	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	130	35	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	1,150	320	830	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	3,045	1,010	2,030	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	305	35	270	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	930	250	690	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	565	170	395	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	0	20	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	125	105	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	140	125	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	540	275	260	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	185	20	165	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,575	1,945	3,635	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	20	65	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	630	240	385	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	690	30	660	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	555	205	355	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	125	20	105	370	120	250
42. Psychology	1,190	290	900	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	2,295	1,135	1,155	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	7,585	3,300	4,280	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	100	515	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,960	3,190	3,770	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,440	1,290	1,155	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	980	405	575	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	210	185	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	10	20	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	1,005	655	345	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	30	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,905	2,645	1,260	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,430	1,755	675	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	145	15	130	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,160	740	415	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	175	135	35	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,140	6,800	1,345	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	330	155	180	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	4,090	3,165	925	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,435	1,280	155	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	835	815	20	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	800	765	40	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	645	620	25	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	730	405	320	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	270	135	135	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	275	185	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	4,510	1,060	3,445	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	715	280	430	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	3,605	670	2,930	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	185	100	85	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,450	715	735	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	785	225	560	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	450	310	145	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	205	185	20	4,935	4,590	340
Other	90	20	65	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	25	70	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	86,985	43,275	43,710	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,890	17,015	16,875	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	53,090	26,260	26,835	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	41,890	20,745	21,140	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	39,195	19,360	19,840	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	2,690	1,385	1,305	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	11,205	5,510	5,690	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,795	975	820	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	245	80	165	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	1,105	570	535	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,020	590	430	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,755	810	945	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	90	45	40	220	125	95
Other	5,195	2,435	2,755	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	54,125	26,810	27,310	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,220	6,720	6,500	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,905	20,085	20,810	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	32,310	16,050	16,260	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	30,265	14,975	15,295	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	2,045	1,080	970	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	8,590	4,040	4,555	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,365	705	660	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	230	75	150	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	855	430	425	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	610	330	275	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,370	630	745	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	65	30	30	200	115	85
Other	4,100	1,830	2,270	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	86,985	43,280	43,710	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	57,275	30,260	27,010	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	53,325	28,230	25,090	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	3,945	2,025	1,920	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	29,710	13,015	16,700	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	65.8	69.9	61.8	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	61.3	65.2	57.4	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.7	7.1	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	86,985	43,275	43,710	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	26,540	11,340	15,205	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	60,445	31,935	28,505	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	31,025	17,720	13,305	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	29,415	14,215	15,205	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.6	41.7	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	57,270	30,260	27,010	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,245	620	630	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	56,030	29,640	26,385	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	49,950	25,970	23,980	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,075	3,670	2,410	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	57,270	30,260	27,010	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,250	615	630	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	56,030	29,640	26,380	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	6,565	4,160	2,405	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,645	2,685	5,960	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,210	5,630	1,580	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	2,890	695	2,195	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,675	3,390	5,285	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,910	810	1,100	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	11,910	5,360	6,550	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,950	4,655	295	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	615	485	130	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,655	1,770	885	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	57,270	30,260	27,015	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,250	615	630	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	56,030	29,645	26,385	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	155	110	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	55	0	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	230	195	35	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	2,510	2,140	375	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	5,930	4,215	1,715	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	1,935	1,425	515	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	5,635	2,865	2,770	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,290	1,025	270	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	2,330	1,450	885	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	4,840	2,010	2,830	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,005	510	495	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,985	3,925	2,060	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	50	30	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,935	1,200	740	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	8,260	3,445	4,815	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	4,920	980	3,935	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,005	480	525	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	3,965	1,635	2,325	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,965	925	1,040	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	1,875	960	920	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	53,325	28,235	25,090	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	4,115	2,035	2,080	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	375	265	110	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	4,025	2,865	1,160	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	44,810	23,065	21,745	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	44,810	23,070	21,740	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,165	10,875	11,290	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,670	9,065	8,605	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,855	3,065	1,795	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	120	65	55	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	48,835	25,935	22,900	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	37,350	20,410	16,940	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,205	1,270	1,935	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	3,705	1,805	1,900	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	3,095	1,465	1,630	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	1,000	740	265	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	480	245	235	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	48,835	25,935	22,905	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	17,375	8,455	8,920	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	20,895	11,035	9,865	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	6,245	3,735	2,505	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	1,835	1,035	800	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	2,490	1,670	815	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	48,835	25,935	22,900	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,740	1,150	595	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,330	4,225	2,105	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,775	6,235	5,540	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,225	6,750	7,480	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,450	3,655	3,795	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,315	3,930	3,385	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	62,695	33,130	29,565	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	62,200	32,945	29,255	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	61,545	32,580	28,965	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	61,325	32,530	28,790	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	225	50	170	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	650	360	290	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	655	360	295	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	0	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	70	65	560	250	305
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	10	25	10	10
Serbian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	15	10	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	10	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	45	15	30	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	20	160	70	90
Bengali	10	0	15	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	10	0	0	50	25	30
Iranian languages	20	15	10	20	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	20	10	10	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	10	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	20	15	10	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	40	35	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	60	35	30
American Sign Language	10	10	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	210	160	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	370	210	160	990	540	450
Cantonese	40	25	10	250	140	105
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	295	165	130	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	15	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	495	185	305	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	130	20	110	650	235	410
English and non-official language	355	160	200	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	62,695	33,130	29,565	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	60,270	31,950	28,320	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	435	170	265	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	745	325	420	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	1,185	650	530	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	0	0	10	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	1,180	650	525	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	0	10	0	10
French and non-official language	50	20	30	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	102,490	51,225	51,265	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	84,970	42,115	42,855	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	17,525	9,110	8,415	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	9,015	4,830	4,190	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	8,505	4,280	4,225	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	6,160	3,095	3,065	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	5,545	2,805	2,740	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	620	290	325	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	2,340	1,185	1,160	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	98,665	49,245	49,420	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	58,375	28,610	29,765	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	40,290	20,640	19,655	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	18,300	9,410	8,895	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	21,990	11,225	10,765	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	14,360	7,340	7,020	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	12,850	6,555	6,290	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	1,515	785	730	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	7,630	3,885	3,745	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Waterloo, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 16, 2026).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Archived Content

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Waterloo, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]

Archived Content

Census Profile, 2016 Census Waterloo, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Waterloo, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]