Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	375	50	325	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	535	255	280	1,810	820	985
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	1,770	890	885	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	10	5	5	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	840	375	465
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	10	0	10
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	25	15	10
Woods Cree	780	370	410	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	10	5	10
Malecite	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	155	55	105
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway	925	440	485	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	0	0	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	0	0	0	650	295	355
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	35	10	20	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	20	10	15	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	235	110	125	35	20	10
Salish languages	5	5	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	5	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	230	110	120	45	25	20
Dakota	195	85	105	30	15	20
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	5	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	5	5	0	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	10	5	0	115	75	45
Kabyle	5	0	0	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	1,505	765	740
Bilen	55	25	30	5	0	0
Oromo	195	100	90	205	115	95
Somali	775	355	415	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	20	10	15
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	290	140	155	1,370	670	700
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	440	245	200
Harari	5	0	0	20	5	15
Hebrew	75	45	30	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	10	5	5	215	100	115
Tigrigna	680	340	340	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	85	40	40	375	165	215
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	25	20	5	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	790	370	415	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	15
Malay	125	55	70	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	700	320	380
Pangasinan	40	15	25	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	220	105	120	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	60	35	30	280	150	135
Malayalam	850	455	395	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	350	200	150	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	285	165	120	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	380	190	190	1,465	765	705
Armenian	70	40	30	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	175	85	90	1,070	485	585
Latvian	100	45	50	565	255	300
Lithuanian	75	40	35	505	225	280
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	0	0	0	95	45	50
Bosnian	225	110	120	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	65	35	30	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	455	240	220	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	235	115	125	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	55	30	30	325	160	165
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	465	235	225	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	1,395	670	725
Slovak	115	60	55	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	345	175	170
Celtic languages	60	30	30	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	240	130	110
Welsh	30	10	15	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	95	50	45
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	880	450	430	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	255	145	110	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	1,385	685	700	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	30	20	10	295	145	145
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	55	20	25	275	135	145
Norwegian	310	140	165	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	150	60	90	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	445	220	225
Yiddish	25	10	10	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	65	45	25
Greek	935	490	445	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	1,545	880	665	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	20	10	10	65	35	25
Konkani	35	15	10	255	130	125
Marathi	140	80	55	620	325	295
Nepali	770	400	370	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	120	65	55	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	1,675	845	830
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	145	80	65	1,765	945	825
Pashto	555	315	235	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	5	0	0	160	85	75
Italian	705	365	340	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	615	265	350	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	850	425	430	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	105	65	40
Japanese	320	100	220	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	85	50	35
Georgian	5	0	5	85	50	40
Korean	1,670	800	865	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	360	150	205
Mongolian	40	20	25	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	495	275	220
Bamanankan	0	0	5	10	5	5
Edo	35	20	15	85	50	35
Ewe	50	30	20	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	45	25	20
Ga	20	15	5	45	20	25
Ganda	35	15	20	90	45	45
Igbo	215	125	90	245	145	105
Lingala	30	20	15	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	155	70	80
Shona	90	55	40	215	100	115
Swahili	425	220	205	805	400	405
Wolof	20	10	10	50	25	25
Yoruba	465	240	220	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	340	175	165
Dinka	115	70	45	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	240	115	125
Sign languages	200	100	100	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	65	35	35	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	35	20	15	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	5	0	0	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	180	115	65	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	810	395	415	815	395	425
Tibetan	15	5	10	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	345	175	170	1,100	550	550
Thai	180	55	125	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	360	185	175	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	530	290	235
Turkish	290	155	130	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	5	0	5	170	85	85
Uzbek	30	5	15	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	190	80	110
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	20	10	10	705	295	410
Finnish	205	85	120	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	500	280	225
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	315	150	165	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	0	0	0
Woods Cree	180	100	85	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	45	20	25	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	50	25	20	15	10	5
Dakota	35	15	10	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Kabyle	5	0	0	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	770	355	415
Bilen	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oromo	140	75	70	90	50	45
Somali	530	245	290	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	10
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	150	75	70	600	275	320
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	310	165	145
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	25	10	15	900	465	440
Maltese	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tigrigna	430	205	220	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	800	375	420
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	15	5	10	75	30	35
Cebuano	580	280	295	1,305	585	715
Fijian	0	0	0	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	415	175	240
Ilocano	240	115	120	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	5	10
Malay	35	20	15	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	150	70	80
Pangasinan	10	5	5	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	310	150	160
Creole languages	95	35	65	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	20	10	10	110	55	60
Malayalam	525	265	260	1,225	615	605
Tamil	155	90	65	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	145	75	70	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	205	100	100	695	335	360
Armenian	45	25	20	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	80	35	45	210	90	115
Latvian	40	20	20	80	30	50
Lithuanian	40	15	25	125	60	65
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bosnian	85	45	40	595	300	300
Bulgarian	35	20	15	1,035	485	550
Croatian	170	85	85	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	30	20	15	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	35	15	15	150	75	75
Polish	480	220	255	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	1,725	875	840	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	270	140	130	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	500	235	265
Slovak	30	15	15	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	145	65	85
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	40	20	20
Celtic languages	10	5	5	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	35	20	10
Welsh	5	0	5	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	530	275	250	1,475	715	760
Danish	10	5	0	305	145	160
Dutch	200	110	95	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	5	0	0	10	5	5
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	0	0	0	75	35	35
Norwegian	10	5	10	140	60	80
Swedish	10	5	10	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	50	30	20
Yiddish	5	0	5	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	15	5	5
Greek	395	190	205	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	1,915	980	930	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	880	490	390	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	5	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	10	5	5	40	25	25
Marathi	55	30	30	270	140	130
Nepali	570	290	275	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	55	25	25	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	675	330	340
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	65	40	30	1,080	540	535
Pashto	345	185	160	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	0	0	0	65	35	35
Italian	155	80	75	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	220	100	115	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	315	165	150	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	20	5	10
Japanese	120	45	75	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Georgian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Korean	1,180	590	595	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	170	80	90
Mongolian	25	10	10	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	150	80	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Edo	10	0	5	15	10	10
Ewe	5	5	5	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	20	5	10
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	10	5	5	10	5	5
Igbo	40	15	20	40	20	15
Lingala	15	10	10	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	60	25	35
Shona	35	25	15	65	25	40
Swahili	200	90	110	200	90	115
Wolof	0	5	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	115	55	55	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	140	60	75
Dinka	65	30	30	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	85	30	55
Sign languages	285	175	105	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	50	30	20	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	5	0	0	700	295	410
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	0	0	0	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	1,745	885	865
Burmese	115	65	55	720	375	350
Karenic languages	640	310	335	725	355	370
Tibetan	10	0	5	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	1,380	595	785
Lao	125	60	60	460	225	235
Thai	70	25	45	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages	195	100	95	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	195	105	95
Turkish	170	90	85	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	0	0	0	95	50	50
Uzbek	10	5	10	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	20	25
Uralic languages	240	125	120	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	10	0	5	95	40	55
Finnish	15	10	5	725	325	400
Hungarian	215	110	105	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	145	70	75
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	1,210	575	635	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	150	85	70	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	170	85	85	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	860	440	420	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	495	245	255	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	10	10	0	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	10	0	10
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	55	25	30
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	310	100	205
Algonquin	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	0	0	0	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	0	0	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	30	15	10
Haida	10	0	10	455	195	255
Inuit languages	10	0	0	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	25	10	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	505	240	260	110	50	60
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	540	280	260
Siouan languages	510	255	250	55	20	35
Dakota	415	205	210	30	15	15
Stoney	10	10	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	40	35	0	145	95	45
Kabyle	10	10	0	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	85	40	45	20	10	15
Oromo	160	70	90	245	140	110
Somali	1,090	520	570	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	545	255	290	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	570	285	285
Harari	0	0	0	55	35	20
Hebrew	470	245	230	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	0	0	0	315	155	155
Tigrigna	705	350	355	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	90	30	55	530	215	310
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	20	10	10	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	785	365	415	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	10	0	0	25	15	10
Malay	215	95	115	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	855	365	495
Pangasinan	45	25	20	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	495	230	270	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	115	65	55	510	250	265
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	635	345	290	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	435	270	165	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	560	275	285	1,640	840	795
Armenian	115	65	45	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	225	120	110	1,030	515	520
Latvian	135	60	70	555	290	265
Lithuanian	95	60	35	475	220	250
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	20	0	15	245	115	125
Bosnian	325	155	165	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	75	40	35	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	605	355	250	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	300	155	150	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	65	35	35	400	220	185
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	790	410	385	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	1,525	770	750
Slovak	125	85	40	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	420	215	205
Celtic languages	165	105	65	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	660	395	265
Welsh	50	30	20	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	860	450	410
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	320	195	125	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	1,510	720	790	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	25	15	15	465	230	240
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	70	40	30	405	210	195
Norwegian	415	180	235	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	230	95	130	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	545	270	275
Yiddish	75	35	30	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	155	95	60
Greek	1,470	725	745	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	40	25	20	60	30	25
Konkani	40	30	15	415	215	200
Marathi	185	120	70	1,475	780	695
Nepali	835	435	400	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	180	105	75	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	145	90	60	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	555	315	240	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	0	10	0	395	210	180
Italian	1,360	670	690	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	885	380	505	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	1,105	525	575	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	380	245	140
Japanese	1,205	540	665	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	115	55	60
Georgian	15	0	10	115	55	55
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	370	170	200
Mongolian	60	25	30	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	630	350	280
Bamanankan	0	0	10	30	20	15
Edo	20	0	20	145	80	60
Ewe	100	45	55	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	105	30	70
Ga	45	25	15	150	95	50
Ganda	20	10	10	165	80	85
Igbo	625	325	300	425	240	185
Lingala	140	70	65	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	290	125	165
Shona	150	90	55	415	220	195
Swahili	950	570	380	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	40	25	15	50	25	30
Yoruba	965	470	495	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	405	210	200
Dinka	100	65	40	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	325	155	165
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	650	215	435	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	30	10	20	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	0	0	0	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	315	185	130	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	635	310	325	955	485	465
Tibetan	30	15	10	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	410	170	240	1,630	735	890
Thai	275	105	170	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	640	365	285	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	945	510	435
Turkish	530	310	220	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	0	0	0	115	60	55
Uzbek	60	25	35	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	275	140	130
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	20	15	10	780	350	425
Finnish	360	170	190	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	185	65	120	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	555	275	280	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	630	290	340	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	155	75	85	1,305	600	710
Haiti	65	45	20	570	250	315
Jamaica	815	425	395	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	1,330	665	665	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	165	60	100	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	2,620	1,205	1,415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	445	280	165	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	215	90	125	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	605	325	280	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	395	215	180	6,175	3,145	3,030
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	570	305	265	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	1,395	690	705	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	220	105	120	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	695	335	360	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	805	345	460	10,920	4,700	6,215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	7,500	3,520	3,980
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	50	35	15	485	310	175
Egypt	435	230	205	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	635	285	355	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	425	225	200	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	180	95	80	985	535	455
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	1,740	925	815
Somalia	635	335	300	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	515	230	285	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	2,125	1,080	1,040
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	162,650	79,395	83,245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	1,175	625	550	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	265	65	200	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	255	160	90	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	4,585	2,360	2,230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	180	80	100	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	45	10	35	1,145	525	615
Colombia	115	55	65	580	250	325
Cuba	35	20	15	140	60	80
Haiti	10	10	0	35	35	10
Jamaica	405	230	180	625	355	265
Mexico	435	215	225	2,885	1,420	1,460
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	6,485	3,290	3,190
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	50	15	45	970	510	460
Germany	190	105	80	1,450	775	675
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	1,430	900	530
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	245	120	125
Romania	95	35	60	690	310	380
Russian Federation	220	85	135	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	1,230	495	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	0	0	0	65	40	20
Cameroon	70	35	30	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	20	10	10
Egypt	160	75	85	625	340	290
Eritrea	305	145	160	320	175	145
Ethiopia	190	110	85	305	170	140
Morocco	90	40	45	205	115	95
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	645	325	315
Somalia	300	170	125	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	85	45	40	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	1,745	890	860
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	125	45	85	870	455	415
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	470	230	245
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	1,800	770	1,030
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	27,460	13,780	13,680
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	405	200	205	1,910	940	965
Israel	95	55	35	365	205	160
Japan	40	10	35	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	80	50	30	265	155	110
Nepal	235	145	90	310	115	195
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	1,965	990	975
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	535	265	265
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	60	30	30	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	80	45	35	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	385	195	195
Viet Nam	855	415	445	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	85	55	30	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	323,440	133,775	189,670
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	54,920	25,975	28,950
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	955	420	530	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	650	305	345	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	485	270	215	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	185	95	85
Ontarian	20	20	10	130	55	75
Québécois	240	100	140	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	405	175	230
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	10	0	0	455	230	220
Cornish	35	15	20	610	340	265
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	250	120	130	1,810	835	975
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	10	10	10	210	95	115
Breton	25	10	15	110	45	65
Corsican	15	0	15	105	40	65
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	50	45	0	225	105	120
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	805	415	395	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	70	35	35	850	425	425
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	500	275	225	695	340	355
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	355	190	160	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	290	150	140	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	265	150	115	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	535	265	265	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	345	145	200	1,085	510	580
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	1,390	750	645	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	605	310	290	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	515	260	260	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	15	10	10	120	85	30
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	45	35	10	440	230	205
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	30	25	10	280	135	145
Macedonian	110	45	65	1,205	620	580
Maltese	125	65	60	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	85	40	40	710	360	350
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	1,300	670	630	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	100	75	25	545	295	255
Slovenian	640	275	365	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	395	200	195
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	50	40	10	840	470	375
Jewish	1,725	905	815	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	0	0	0	220	115	105
Bahamian	15	10	0	255	140	110
Barbadian	110	45	60	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	20	20	0	335	155	175
Carib	10	0	10	70	50	25
Cuban	185	125	55	1,320	615	700
Dominican	115	75	45	735	330	410
Grenadian	60	25	30	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haitian	110	75	40	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	130	70	55
Martinican	0	0	0	25	0	20
Montserratan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	570	260	310
St. Lucian	45	15	25	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	0	0	0	90	45	45
Argentinian	160	60	95	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	55	35	15	125	60	65
Bolivian	45	30	15	375	145	230
Brazilian	305	150	155	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	860	450	415	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	705	335	370	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	50	15	35	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	270	135	140	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	185	110	75	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	125	75	50	1,535	720	810
Honduran	95	45	50	1,445	750	695
Maya	140	75	65	930	475	455
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	15	0	10	325	140	185
Paraguayan	40	30	10	895	475	420
Peruvian	295	120	175	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	765	350	415	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	65	20	40	410	205	205
Venezuelan	55	30	30	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	115	80	40	40	30	10
Angolan	10	0	10	90	55	35
Ashanti	10	10	0	85	30	50
Beninese	0	0	0	35	20	15
Burkinabe	20	15	10	45	30	15
Cameroonian	205	90	110	150	85	70
Chadian	0	0	0	70	50	25
Congolese	530	290	240	810	405	400
Edo	40	20	15	85	55	30
Ewe	10	0	0	55	25	30
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gambian	40	20	15	25	10	15
Ghanaian	555	320	235	1,600	865	730
Guinean	25	20	10	130	45	80
Ibo	485	275	215	280	160	115
Ivorian	75	35	45	100	55	50
Liberian	85	25	60	250	95	150
Malian	30	15	15	80	55	25
Malinké	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	0	0	0	20	0	15
Senegalese	20	15	10	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	130	60	65
Togolese	55	35	20	100	70	40
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	520	270	255	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	620	305	315
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	70	50	15	770	465	305
Berber	55	45	15	210	130	80
Coptic	40	15	20	150	90	65
Dinka	35	20	15	45	25	15
Egyptian	535	290	245	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	205	115	85	420	275	140
Maure	0	0	0	150	60	90
Moroccan	220	110	115	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	935	515	420	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	105	60	50	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	60	35	30	705	355	355
Amhara	20	10	10	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	255	140	120
Burundian	300	155	145	215	95	120
Djiboutian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	675	335	345	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	190	95	95	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	10	0	10	105	65	40
Mauritian	205	90	110	975	520	450
Oromo	140	65	75	140	75	65
Rwandan	80	20	60	420	225	195
Seychellois	10	10	0	25	15	15
Somali	1,275	635	635	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	1,295	680	615	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	55	35	20	490	220	275
Tigrian	45	30	15	205	110	95
Ugandan	90	40	50	775	390	380
Zambian	190	90	100	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	855	445	405
Zulu	35	30	10	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	780	390	385	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	240	130	115	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	215	120	95	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	990	570	425
Georgian	35	20	10	740	380	355
Hazara	25	10	20	55	30	20
Iranian	1,345	740	600	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	120	75	50	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	75	40	30	785	425	355
Kazakh	30	15	15	385	205	175
Kurd	200	110	90	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	175	90	85
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	120	60	55	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	175	100	75	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	975	615	360
Syrian	1,365	740	625	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	10	10	0	260	135	125
Tatar	60	25	35	790	365	425
Turk	860	450	405	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	20	10	10	120	70	55
Uighur	0	0	0	130	65	60
Uzbek	70	15	50	270	150	120
Yemeni	45	20	20	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	1,840	925	920
Bengali	600	350	250	850	405	445
Bhutanese	210	110	100	120	65	55
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	45	25	15	485	245	240
Gujarati	195	105	95	700	335	365
Kashmiri	115	75	40	185	100	85
Nepali	565	320	245	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	65	30	30	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	120	65	55	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	465	210	260	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	0	0	0	130	70	60
Indonesian	220	115	105	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	1,220	530	690	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	585	290	290	895	450	445
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	705	335	380	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	160	75	80	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	205	105	100	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	10	0	10	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	265	115	155	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	420	170	250	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	50	35	25	550	290	260
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	890	505	385	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	265	140	125	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	110	60	50	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	25	10	10	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	45	0	35	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	600	275	325
Samoan	55	25	30	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	990	85	905	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	40	20	20	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	1,365	725	640	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	730	60	670	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	35	15	20	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	504,630	242,530	262,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	44,115	22,045	22,065
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	58,825	31,920	26,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	220	125	95	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	378,325	172,640	205,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	36,800	17,455	19,345
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	32,890	17,360	15,530
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	200	115	85	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	1,995	590	1,405	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	625	285	335	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	435	295	135
Amharic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Arabic	75	65	0	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	75	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Vietnamese	245	135	115	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	950	440	510
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	30	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	40	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	0	0	0	115	50	70
Russian	25	10	10	565	255	315
Serbian	0	0	0	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	805	465	335
Afrikaans	30	10	20	15	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Dutch	40	25	20	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	590	330	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	10	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	25	15	10	15	15	0
Gujarati	0	0	10	35	15	25
Hindi	20	10	10	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	45	25	25
Iranian languages	20	10	15	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	0	0	0	25	25	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	110	50	60
Portuguese	0	0	0	515	255	260
Romanian	10	0	0	70	45	25
Spanish	105	40	60	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korean	110	40	70	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	280	90	190
American Sign Language	10	0	10	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	990	540	450	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	250	140	105	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	10	0	10	15	0	10
Mandarin	605	310	300	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	85	50	30
Burmese	15	10	0	25	15	15
Karenic languages	25	20	10	55	35	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	170	65	110
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	10	0	10	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Turkish	15	0	0	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	45	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungarian	10	0	10	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	650	235	410	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	0	0	0	60	40	15
English and non-official language	10	0	10	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	170	90	85	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	235,730	114,265	121,465

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and British Columbia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 16, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and British Columbia [Province]