Census Profile, 2016 Census
Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia and Lake Laberge 1, Self-government [Census subdivision], Yukon

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Halifax Nova Scotia [Census metropolitan area]			Lake Laberge 1, SG Yukon [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia Map : Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia Change geography 1			Data quality : Lake Laberge 1, Self-government [Census subdivision], Yukon Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	403,390	...	...	25	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	390,328	...	...	20	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	187,478	...	...	20	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	173,459	...	...	10	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	73.4	...	...	18.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,496.31	...	...	1.39	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	403,390	195,330	208,060	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	60,535	30,915	29,620	x	x	x
0 to 4 years	19,790	10,085	9,710	x	x	x
5 to 9 years	20,745	10,620	10,125	x	x	x
10 to 14 years	19,995	10,210	9,790	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	279,680	136,280	143,400	x	x	x
15 to 19 years	22,340	11,320	11,020	x	x	x
20 to 24 years	30,225	15,020	15,210	x	x	x
25 to 29 years	30,200	15,180	15,025	x	x	x
30 to 34 years	27,470	13,495	13,980	x	x	x
35 to 39 years	25,715	12,285	13,430	x	x	x
40 to 44 years	26,645	12,810	13,835	x	x	x
45 to 49 years	27,740	13,170	14,565	x	x	x
50 to 54 years	32,665	15,860	16,805	x	x	x
55 to 59 years	30,610	14,815	15,795	x	x	x
60 to 64 years	26,065	12,330	13,735	x	x	x
65 years and over	63,175	28,135	35,040	x	x	x
65 to 69 years	22,510	10,635	11,880	x	x	x
70 to 74 years	15,525	7,250	8,275	x	x	x
75 to 79 years	10,440	4,700	5,740	x	x	x
80 to 84 years	7,505	3,195	4,305	x	x	x
85 years and over	7,190	2,355	4,835	x	x	x
85 to 89 years	4,410	1,585	2,820	x	x	x
90 to 94 years	2,120	610	1,505	x	x	x
95 to 99 years	605	145	460	x	x	x
100 years and over	60	10	50	x	x	x
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.8	14.2	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	69.3	69.8	68.9	x	x	x
65 years and over	15.7	14.4	16.8	x	x	x
85 years and over	1.8	1.2	2.3	x	x	x
Average age of the population	40.9	39.9	41.8	x	x	x
Median age of the population	41.0	39.8	42.1	x	x	x
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
Single-detached house	86,615	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,000	...	...	x	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	61,850	...	...	x	...	...
Semi-detached house	11,785	...	...	x	...	...
Row house	6,655	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,270	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	36,895	...	...	x	...	...
Other single-attached house	235	...	...	x	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	3,995	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
1 person	51,180	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	64,425	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	27,260	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	21,020	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	9,575	...	...	x	...	...
Number of persons in private households	397,635	...	...	x	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	x	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	342,850	164,415	178,440	x	x	x
Married or living common law	192,590	96,120	96,470	x	x	x
Married	154,070	76,915	77,155	x	x	x
Living common law	38,515	19,205	19,310	x	x	x
Not married and not living common law	150,265	68,295	81,970	x	x	x
Never married	102,415	52,850	49,565	x	x	x
Separated	9,785	4,175	5,605	x	x	x
Divorced	20,615	7,610	13,000	x	x	x
Widowed	17,450	3,655	13,800	x	x	x
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	113,630	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	62,585	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	24,880	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	19,240	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	6,920	...	...	x	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	x	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	113,630	...	...	x	...	...
Total couple families	94,735	...	...	x	...	...
Married couples	75,480	...	...	x	...	...
Common-law couples	19,255	...	...	x	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	18,890	...	...	x	...	...
Female parent	15,265	...	...	x	...	...
Male parent	3,630	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	94,735	...	...	x	...	...
Couples without children	50,640	...	...	x	...	...
Couples with children	44,095	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	19,600	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	17,945	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	6,550	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	18,895	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	11,950	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	5,285	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	1,665	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	84,200	39,385	44,815	x	x	x
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
One-census-family households	109,000	...	...	x	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	48,760	...	...	x	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	60,240	...	...	x	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,290	...	...	x	...	...
Non-census-family households	62,170	...	...	x	...	...
One-person households	51,180	...	...	x	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	10,985	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	399,575	193,735	205,840	x	x	x
English only	347,440	170,905	176,530	x	x	x
French only	340	160	180	x	x	x
English and French	49,585	21,650	27,935	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	2,205	1,020	1,190	x	x	x
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	399,575	193,735	205,840	x	x	x
English	386,355	187,275	199,075	x	x	x
French	9,900	4,910	4,985	x	x	x
English and French	1,210	570	640	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	2,115	975	1,140	x	x	x
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	10,500	5,195	5,305	x	x	x
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.6	2.7	2.6	x	x	x
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	399,575	193,730	205,840	x	x	x
Single responses	394,420	191,200	203,225	x	x	x
Official languages	363,560	175,515	188,045	x	x	x
English	353,415	170,515	182,900	x	x	x
French	10,145	4,995	5,145	x	x	x
Non-official languages	30,865	15,685	15,180	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	80	40	35	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	60	35	25	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	30	25	x	x	x
Malecite	5	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	55	25	25	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	15	5	10	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	10	5	10	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	30,790	15,645	15,145	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,025	3,845	3,175	x	x	x
Berber languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	5	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	115	60	55	x	x	x
Bilen	5	5	5	x	x	x
Oromo	55	35	25	x	x	x
Somali	50	25	25	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	6,895	3,780	3,115	x	x	x
Amharic	110	50	60	x	x	x
Arabic	6,430	3,545	2,880	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	5	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	195	105	90	x	x	x
Maltese	5	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	140	65	75	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	405	200	205	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	395	195	200	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	1,665	730	935	x	x	x
Bikol	5	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	105	45	60	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	x	x	x
Ilocano	50	15	30	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	35	15	20	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	5	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,420	630	790	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	x	x	x
Creole languages	60	40	15	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	30	25	5	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	870	510	360	x	x	x
Kannada	30	15	15	x	x	x
Malayalam	310	165	140	x	x	x
Tamil	255	160	100	x	x	x
Telugu	265	170	105	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	12,660	6,405	6,255	x	x	x
Albanian	250	120	125	x	x	x
Armenian	30	20	10	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	2,790	1,350	1,440	x	x	x
Baltic languages	55	15	40	x	x	x
Latvian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Lithuanian	30	5	25	x	x	x
Slavic languages	2,730	1,340	1,395	x	x	x
Belarusan	5	0	5	x	x	x
Bosnian	115	60	55	x	x	x
Bulgarian	40	20	20	x	x	x
Croatian	190	90	95	x	x	x
Czech	145	70	70	x	x	x
Macedonian	15	10	5	x	x	x
Polish	590	290	305	x	x	x
Russian	1,155	565	585	x	x	x
Serbian	110	50	55	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	35	x	x	x
Slovak	85	40	40	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	x	x	x
Ukrainian	190	95	100	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	45	20	25	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	15	x	x	x
Welsh	15	15	5	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	2,075	995	1,075	x	x	x
Afrikaans	80	40	40	x	x	x
Danish	100	60	35	x	x	x
Dutch	490	235	255	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	5	x	x	x
German	1,205	555	645	x	x	x
Icelandic	30	15	15	x	x	x
Norwegian	75	45	35	x	x	x
Swedish	65	25	40	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	x	x	x
Yiddish	15	10	5	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	660	335	325	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	4,295	2,350	1,950	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	2,950	1,645	1,300	x	x	x
Bengali	440	270	175	x	x	x
Gujarati	175	115	60	x	x	x
Hindi	655	395	265	x	x	x
Kashmiri	10	0	5	x	x	x
Konkani	5	0	5	x	x	x
Marathi	65	35	30	x	x	x
Nepali	530	255	275	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	250	220	x	x	x
Sindhi	15	10	5	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145	70	75	x	x	x
Urdu	440	240	195	x	x	x
Iranian languages	1,330	685	640	x	x	x
Kurdish	110	60	50	x	x	x
Pashto	65	40	30	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	1,145	590	560	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	2,515	1,210	1,305	x	x	x
Catalan	10	5	5	x	x	x
Italian	555	290	265	x	x	x
Portuguese	385	185	205	x	x	x
Romanian	185	90	95	x	x	x
Spanish	1,375	640	735	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	255	65	185	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	5	0	5	x	x	x
Korean	900	380	520	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	x	x	x
Mongolian	5	5	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	535	275	260	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20	x	x	x
Bamanankan	10	5	5	x	x	x
Edo	10	0	5	x	x	x
Ewe	30	25	10	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	5	5	5	x	x	x
Ganda	20	5	15	x	x	x
Igbo	35	20	15	x	x	x
Lingala	10	5	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	15	30	x	x	x
Shona	25	15	15	x	x	x
Swahili	120	60	65	x	x	x
Wolof	5	5	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	55	30	25	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	60	55	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	35	30	x	x	x
Dinka	10	5	5	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	x	x	x
Sign languages	115	55	60	x	x	x
American Sign Language	55	25	25	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	60	30	35	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,500	2,745	2,755	x	x	x
Chinese languages	5,480	2,735	2,740	x	x	x
Cantonese	925	425	500	x	x	x
Hakka	20	10	10	x	x	x
Mandarin	3,950	1,970	1,975	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	50	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	20	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	435	250	180	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	x	x	x
Burmese	5	5	5	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	5	0	5	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	90	35	50	x	x	x
Lao	5	5	5	x	x	x
Thai	85	30	50	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	390	215	175	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	x	x	x
Turkish	255	135	115	x	x	x
Uyghur	5	5	5	x	x	x
Uzbek	110	60	50	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Uralic languages	240	100	140	x	x	x
Estonian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Finnish	40	10	30	x	x	x
Hungarian	175	80	95	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	x	x	x
Multiple responses	5,150	2,535	2,615	x	x	x
English and French	1,775	815	960	x	x	x
English and non-official language	3,045	1,555	1,485	x	x	x
French and non-official language	175	90	85	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	160	75	85	x	x	x
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	399,575	193,735	205,840	x	x	x
Single responses	391,285	189,555	201,725	x	x	x
Official languages	374,880	181,210	193,665	x	x	x
English	371,215	179,410	191,800	x	x	x
French	3,660	1,800	1,860	x	x	x
Non-official languages	16,405	8,345	8,060	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	5	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	5	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,390	8,335	8,050	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,190	2,215	1,980	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	75	35	40	x	x	x
Bilen	5	5	0	x	x	x
Oromo	45	20	20	x	x	x
Somali	25	10	15	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	4,115	2,175	1,945	x	x	x
Amharic	50	25	30	x	x	x
Arabic	3,845	2,045	1,800	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	115	65	50	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	95	40	55	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	125	130	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	255	125	130	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	895	430	460	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	50	20	30	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	15	10	5	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	825	405	420	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	20	10	5	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	390	230	165	x	x	x
Kannada	10	5	10	x	x	x
Malayalam	135	75	60	x	x	x
Tamil	120	65	50	x	x	x
Telugu	130	75	50	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	5,505	2,765	2,740	x	x	x
Albanian	110	55	55	x	x	x
Armenian	15	10	10	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	1,275	625	650	x	x	x
Baltic languages	20	5	15	x	x	x
Latvian	5	5	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	10	5	10	x	x	x
Slavic languages	1,255	620	635	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	65	35	30	x	x	x
Bulgarian	20	15	10	x	x	x
Croatian	60	20	35	x	x	x
Czech	40	25	20	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	180	80	100	x	x	x
Russian	740	365	370	x	x	x
Serbian	60	30	30	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	x	x	x
Slovak	25	10	10	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	45	30	20	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	15	10	5	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	360	170	185	x	x	x
Afrikaans	20	15	10	x	x	x
Danish	5	0	5	x	x	x
Dutch	45	25	25	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	240	115	125	x	x	x
Icelandic	25	10	15	x	x	x
Norwegian	10	5	5	x	x	x
Swedish	5	5	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	245	125	125	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	2,550	1,335	1,215	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	885	765	x	x	x
Bengali	225	125	105	x	x	x
Gujarati	95	60	35	x	x	x
Hindi	280	180	105	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	25	15	15	x	x	x
Nepali	475	235	240	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	100	105	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	5	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	40	40	x	x	x
Urdu	250	130	120	x	x	x
Iranian languages	895	445	450	x	x	x
Kurdish	85	45	35	x	x	x
Pashto	35	15	15	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	775	380	395	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	935	430	500	x	x	x
Catalan	5	0	5	x	x	x
Italian	130	55	75	x	x	x
Portuguese	150	70	85	x	x	x
Romanian	60	25	35	x	x	x
Spanish	585	275	310	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	80	25	50	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	610	270	340	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	150	70	75	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	5	0	x	x	x
Ewe	10	10	5	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	5	x	x	x
Ganda	5	0	5	x	x	x
Igbo	15	5	10	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	5	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	50	25	30	x	x	x
Wolof	5	5	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	20	10	10	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	5	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	x	x	x
Sign languages	155	75	80	x	x	x
American Sign Language	65	30	35	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	90	45	45	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,825	1,965	1,865	x	x	x
Chinese languages	3,825	1,960	1,860	x	x	x
Cantonese	525	280	250	x	x	x
Hakka	5	0	5	x	x	x
Mandarin	2,935	1,475	1,455	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	290	170	120	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	x	x	x
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	30	10	15	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	195	100	95	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	120	65	55	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	70	35	30	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	50	25	25	x	x	x
Estonian	5	5	0	x	x	x
Finnish	5	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	45	25	25	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	8,295	4,175	4,115	x	x	x
English and French	1,155	535	620	x	x	x
English and non-official language	6,810	3,475	3,335	x	x	x
French and non-official language	65	40	25	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	260	125	130	x	x	x
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	399,575	193,735	205,840	x	x	x
None	370,645	179,735	190,910	x	x	x
English	9,220	4,715	4,500	x	x	x
French	8,485	3,710	4,780	x	x	x
Non-official language	10,605	5,290	5,320	x	x	x
Aboriginal	105	45	55	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	10,500	5,240	5,260	x	x	x
English and French	125	55	70	x	x	x
English and non-official language	190	90	100	x	x	x
French and non-official language	305	140	165	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	337,215	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	323,835	155,495	168,340	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,089	42,874	31,004	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	323,945	155,515	168,435	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,754	36,910	27,847	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	293,570	143,465	150,105	x	x	x
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,893	41,760	29,205	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	223,470	93,715	129,765	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,496	3,892	4,737	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	243,395	121,815	121,585	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,240	40,169	29,594	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	337,210	161,965	175,245	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	324,115	155,475	168,640	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,429	55,049	38,482	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	324,225	155,505	168,720	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,502	43,439	32,031	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	293,715	143,570	150,150	x	x	x
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,940	55,168	37,117	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	224,080	93,415	130,665	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,937	6,831	7,013	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	243,395	121,865	121,535	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,079	51,868	36,269	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	337,210	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	125,080	67,375	57,705	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,704	58,003	45,756	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,471	69,022	52,655	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.6	92.4	86.0	x	x	x
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	74.0	67.8	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.4	7.6	14.0	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	337,215	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
Without total income	13,380	6,470	6,905	x	x	x
With total income	323,835	155,495	168,340	x	x	x
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.0	96.1	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	44,175	19,485	24,690	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	49,890	19,075	30,815	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	43,125	16,950	26,180	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	40,205	17,350	22,855	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	35,125	16,250	18,880	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	27,080	14,190	12,890	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	21,015	12,085	8,930	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	17,485	10,065	7,425	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	13,780	8,055	5,720	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	8,685	5,610	3,075	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	23,265	16,395	6,870	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	15,955	10,955	5,005	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	7,305	5,435	1,870	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	337,210	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	13,265	6,455	6,810	x	x	x
With after-tax income	323,945	155,510	168,435	x	x	x
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.0	96.1	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	46,280	19,870	26,405	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	53,335	20,640	32,695	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	53,080	21,540	31,540	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	50,375	22,485	27,890	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	39,430	20,345	19,080	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	28,465	16,480	11,980	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	21,130	12,340	8,790	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	11,720	7,570	4,150	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	20,145	14,240	5,905	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	6,510	4,395	2,115	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	3,930	2,715	1,215	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	9,710	7,130	2,580	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	337,215	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
Without employment income	93,820	40,150	53,665	x	x	x
With employment income	243,395	121,815	121,580	x	x	x
Percentage with employment income	72.2	75.2	69.4	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30,555	13,935	16,620	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	19,565	8,465	11,095	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	32,145	14,035	18,110	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	27,995	12,400	15,595	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	27,200	11,875	15,330	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	23,805	10,935	12,870	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	18,570	9,855	8,715	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	15,070	8,815	6,255	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	13,695	7,870	5,825	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	34,795	23,630	11,165	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	11,185	6,575	4,615	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	6,745	4,560	2,185	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	16,865	12,500	4,370	x	x	x
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,522	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,240	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	51,180	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,094	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,580	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	122,280	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,754	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,104	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	86,753	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,099	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	51,215	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,657	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,398	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	122,245	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,389	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,218	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	3,745	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,085	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,970	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,260	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,745	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,525	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,490	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,415	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,450	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,255	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,645	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,730	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,185	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,010	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	9,455	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	53,490	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	18,545	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,670	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	13,135	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,140	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	173,455	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	3,895	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,150	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,050	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,735	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,910	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,185	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,320	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,190	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,095	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,720	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,745	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15,685	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	13,385	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,365	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	9,490	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	35,555	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	16,610	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,910	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,035	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	113,310	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,366	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,061	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	47,635	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,567	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,319	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	44,640	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,667	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,180	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	17,625	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,942	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,308	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	113,240	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,483	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,542	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	47,645	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,899	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,264	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	44,705	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	132,993	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,727	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,485	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,771	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,451	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	75,935	36,000	39,930	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,382	32,060	30,864	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,151	28,435	27,912	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	75,880	35,780	40,105	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,406	40,479	38,449	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,585	32,916	32,290	x	x	x
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	397,630	192,815	204,820	x	x	x
In the bottom half of the distribution	200,095	93,985	106,110	x	x	x
In the bottom decile	45,320	21,880	23,435	x	x	x
In the second decile	36,810	16,250	20,560	x	x	x
In the third decile	37,695	17,410	20,285	x	x	x
In the fourth decile	39,240	18,550	20,685	x	x	x
In the fifth decile	41,030	19,890	21,140	x	x	x
In the top half of the distribution	197,535	98,830	98,705	x	x	x
In the sixth decile	41,390	20,585	20,805	x	x	x
In the seventh decile	42,875	21,440	21,435	x	x	x
In the eighth decile	43,135	21,500	21,635	x	x	x
In the ninth decile	38,760	19,485	19,275	x	x	x
In the top decile	31,380	15,825	15,555	x	x	x
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	397,375	192,700	204,675	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	72,900	37,150	35,750	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	23,875	12,155	11,715	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	264,835	128,505	136,330	x	x	x
65 years and over	59,640	27,040	32,600	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	58,825	27,410	31,415	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	13,690	6,970	6,720	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	5,085	2,545	2,545	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	38,000	17,830	20,165	x	x	x
65 years and over	7,135	2,605	4,530	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8	14.2	15.3	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	18.8	18.8	18.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3	20.9	21.7	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	14.3	13.9	14.8	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.6	13.9	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	38,240	18,730	19,510	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	7,785	3,980	3,805	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	2,990	1,525	1,465	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	28,880	14,140	14,745	x	x	x
65 years and over	1,570	610	960	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.6	9.7	9.5	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.6	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	12.5	12.5	12.5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.8	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.3	2.9	x	x	x
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	397,630	192,815	204,820	x	x	x
Official languages	395,460	191,890	203,565	x	x	x
English	395,190	191,770	203,420	x	x	x
French	49,665	21,765	27,900	x	x	x
Non-official languages	43,820	21,810	22,010	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	190	80	110	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	160	60	100	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	155	60	90	x	x	x
Malecite	10	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	150	65	90	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	10	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	10	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	10	10	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	10	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	43,635	21,735	21,900	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,825	5,290	4,530	x	x	x
Berber languages	25	15	10	x	x	x
Kabyle	25	15	15	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	145	50	90	x	x	x
Bilen	20	10	15	x	x	x
Oromo	35	15	20	x	x	x
Somali	80	25	55	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	9,750	5,270	4,475	x	x	x
Amharic	255	140	125	x	x	x
Arabic	8,845	4,765	4,080	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	575	340	235	x	x	x
Maltese	10	10	10	x	x	x
Tigrigna	140	70	70	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	205	250	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	x	x	x
Vietnamese	445	200	240	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	2,265	985	1,280	x	x	x
Bikol	10	0	10	x	x	x
Cebuano	110	55	60	x	x	x
Fijian	0	10	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	x	x	x
Ilocano	55	10	45	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	45	10	35	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,155	940	1,210	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	10	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	20	x	x	x
Creole languages	225	105	115	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	50	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125	60	60	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	1,205	690	515	x	x	x
Kannada	70	40	35	x	x	x
Malayalam	490	260	230	x	x	x
Tamil	365	220	140	x	x	x
Telugu	335	200	130	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	20,810	10,305	10,505	x	x	x
Albanian	380	180	195	x	x	x
Armenian	75	45	30	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	3,190	1,515	1,680	x	x	x
Baltic languages	65	20	45	x	x	x
Latvian	20	10	15	x	x	x
Lithuanian	40	15	30	x	x	x
Slavic languages	3,150	1,500	1,645	x	x	x
Belarusan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Bosnian	120	50	70	x	x	x
Bulgarian	45	20	20	x	x	x
Croatian	230	85	140	x	x	x
Czech	155	80	75	x	x	x
Macedonian	70	40	30	x	x	x
Polish	645	290	355	x	x	x
Russian	1,665	840	830	x	x	x
Serbian	135	60	80	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	100	60	45	x	x	x
Slovak	95	45	50	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	x	x	x
Ukrainian	260	125	135	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	305	145	160	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	200	90	110	x	x	x
Welsh	10	10	10	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	115	55	60	x	x	x
Germanic languages	4,310	2,100	2,210	x	x	x
Afrikaans	240	110	135	x	x	x
Danish	135	75	60	x	x	x
Dutch	740	315	425	x	x	x
Frisian	10	0	10	x	x	x
German	3,010	1,510	1,495	x	x	x
Icelandic	70	30	40	x	x	x
Norwegian	80	65	15	x	x	x
Swedish	175	70	105	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	x	x	x
Yiddish	25	15	15	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	x	x	x
Greek	1,195	605	590	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	5,660	3,165	2,495	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	4,225	2,405	1,825	x	x	x
Bengali	540	305	240	x	x	x
Gujarati	200	125	70	x	x	x
Hindi	2,005	1,150	855	x	x	x
Kashmiri	10	0	10	x	x	x
Konkani	20	15	10	x	x	x
Marathi	105	65	35	x	x	x
Nepali	620	315	305	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	25	0	15	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	815	455	365	x	x	x
Sindhi	10	0	10	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210	110	95	x	x	x
Urdu	880	545	340	x	x	x
Iranian languages	1,450	780	670	x	x	x
Kurdish	180	100	75	x	x	x
Pashto	60	40	20	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	1,240	655	585	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	6,610	3,040	3,575	x	x	x
Catalan	20	10	10	x	x	x
Italian	1,220	615	605	x	x	x
Portuguese	675	375	305	x	x	x
Romanian	210	125	85	x	x	x
Spanish	4,830	2,110	2,720	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	35	10	x	x	x
Japanese	635	245	395	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	10	0	x	x	x
Korean	1,195	505	685	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	10	x	x	x
Mongolian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	1,145	625	525	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	x	x	x
Bamanankan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	70	40	35	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	x	x	x
Ga	25	15	15	x	x	x
Ganda	55	15	40	x	x	x
Igbo	75	40	30	x	x	x
Lingala	30	15	20	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	120	55	65	x	x	x
Shona	55	40	25	x	x	x
Swahili	335	190	150	x	x	x
Wolof	30	15	20	x	x	x
Yoruba	220	110	105	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	235	135	100	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	30	15	x	x	x
Dinka	10	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	x	x	x
Sign languages	930	315	615	x	x	x
American Sign Language	560	180	380	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e.	375	140	230	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,840	2,980	2,860	x	x	x
Chinese languages	5,825	2,975	2,845	x	x	x
Cantonese	1,250	600	650	x	x	x
Hakka	50	25	25	x	x	x
Mandarin	4,540	2,275	2,265	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150	60	90	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	20	25	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	410	250	155	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	15	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	15	0	15	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	165	75	90	x	x	x
Lao	15	10	10	x	x	x
Thai	150	75	80	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	535	280	255	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	x	x	x
Turkish	395	190	210	x	x	x
Uyghur	10	0	10	x	x	x
Uzbek	105	65	45	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	245	120	125	x	x	x
Estonian	40	20	20	x	x	x
Finnish	50	15	30	x	x	x
Hungarian	145	80	65	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	10	25	x	x	x
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	397,635	192,815	204,820	x	x	x
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	376,250	181,630	194,620	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged under 18	69,480	35,410	34,070	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	306,770	146,215	160,550	x	x	x
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	21,380	11,185	10,200	x	x	x
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	397,635	192,815	204,820	x	x	x
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	352,625	169,835	182,795	x	x	x
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	37,205	18,415	18,795	x	x	x
Before 1981	10,100	4,910	5,185	x	x	x
1981 to 1990	3,035	1,530	1,505	x	x	x
1991 to 2000	4,895	2,365	2,525	x	x	x
2001 to 2010	9,760	4,925	4,840	x	x	x
2001 to 2005	3,755	1,890	1,865	x	x	x
2006 to 2010	6,005	3,035	2,970	x	x	x
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,425	4,680	4,740	x	x	x
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	7,800	4,565	3,235	x	x	x
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	37,205	18,415	18,795	x	x	x
Under 5 years	4,640	2,225	2,415	x	x	x
5 to 14 years	6,965	3,525	3,445	x	x	x
15 to 24 years	6,625	3,185	3,445	x	x	x
25 to 44 years	16,235	8,050	8,185	x	x	x
45 years and over	2,735	1,435	1,305	x	x	x
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	37,210	18,415	18,795	x	x	x
Americas	5,480	2,565	2,915	x	x	x
Brazil	130	60	70	x	x	x
Colombia	115	65	50	x	x	x
El Salvador	80	40	40	x	x	x
Guyana	140	65	75	x	x	x
Haiti	40	15	25	x	x	x
Jamaica	345	135	210	x	x	x
Mexico	225	110	115	x	x	x
Peru	80	25	60	x	x	x
Trinidad and Tobago	170	100	75	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,225	1,480	1,745	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	925	470	455	x	x	x
Europe	12,255	6,210	6,045	x	x	x
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	100	95	x	x	x
Croatia	130	50	80	x	x	x
France	340	185	155	x	x	x
Germany	1,150	580	570	x	x	x
Greece	450	235	215	x	x	x
Hungary	80	40	45	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	280	100	180	x	x	x
Italy	380	215	165	x	x	x
Netherlands	465	185	280	x	x	x
Poland	460	195	270	x	x	x
Portugal	180	115	60	x	x	x
Romania	150	90	60	x	x	x
Russian Federation	505	250	255	x	x	x
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	60	35	25	x	x	x
Ukraine	270	130	145	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	5,900	3,105	2,795	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	1,250	595	650	x	x	x
Africa	3,025	1,565	1,460	x	x	x
Algeria	15	10	10	x	x	x
Egypt	725	375	355	x	x	x
Ethiopia	170	90	80	x	x	x
Kenya	120	70	50	x	x	x
Morocco	70	45	25	x	x	x
Nigeria	290	145	145	x	x	x
Somalia	60	35	35	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	350	150	200	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	1,225	650	570	x	x	x
Asia	16,210	7,915	8,290	x	x	x
Afghanistan	100	40	60	x	x	x
Bangladesh	245	140	110	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,345	975	1,375	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	255	115	140	x	x	x
India	1,875	990	885	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	840	460	380	x	x	x
Iraq	530	245	280	x	x	x
Japan	170	60	105	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	720	290	430	x	x	x
Lebanon	1,210	660	545	x	x	x
Pakistan	450	220	230	x	x	x
Philippines	2,030	860	1,165	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	265	120	145	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,040	505	540	x	x	x
Taiwan	180	95	90	x	x	x
Viet Nam	355	170	185	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	3,600	1,965	1,630	x	x	x
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	235	150	80	x	x	x
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,425	4,685	4,740	x	x	x
Americas	995	450	545	x	x	x
Brazil	85	35	45	x	x	x
Colombia	15	0	15	x	x	x
Cuba	65	35	30	x	x	x
Haiti	15	10	0	x	x	x
Jamaica	130	60	65	x	x	x
Mexico	90	50	40	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	360	165	195	x	x	x
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	10	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	225	90	145	x	x	x
Europe	1,390	720	665	x	x	x
France	80	45	35	x	x	x
Germany	85	45	40	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	35	20	20	x	x	x
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	20	10	15	x	x	x
Romania	30	15	15	x	x	x
Russian Federation	165	65	95	x	x	x
Ukraine	135	60	80	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	540	330	210	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	295	140	155	x	x	x
Africa	960	515	445	x	x	x
Algeria	10	0	10	x	x	x
Cameroon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	25	x	x	x
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	x	x	x
Egypt	190	100	85	x	x	x
Eritrea	60	35	25	x	x	x
Ethiopia	40	25	15	x	x	x
Morocco	25	15	10	x	x	x
Nigeria	145	70	80	x	x	x
Somalia	10	0	10	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	70	25	45	x	x	x
Tunisia	0	10	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	350	200	150	x	x	x
Asia	6,065	2,990	3,075	x	x	x
Afghanistan	20	10	15	x	x	x
Bangladesh	60	40	25	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	855	395	455	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	x	x	x
India	755	415	345	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	245	130	115	x	x	x
Iraq	245	125	120	x	x	x
Israel	260	170	90	x	x	x
Japan	65	25	40	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	190	70	120	x	x	x
Lebanon	80	35	40	x	x	x
Nepal	185	95	85	x	x	x
Pakistan	90	50	45	x	x	x
Philippines	1,160	515	645	x	x	x
Saudi Arabia	115	65	55	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	85	45	40	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	790	365	425	x	x	x
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkey	75	45	30	x	x	x
United Arab Emirates	55	35	20	x	x	x
Viet Nam	45	15	30	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	675	350	325	x	x	x
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	25	15	10	x	x	x
Australia	10	10	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	10	x	x	x
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	397,635	192,815	204,815	x	x	x
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	47,925	24,395	23,525	x	x	x
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	38,620	18,965	19,660	x	x	x
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	311,090	149,455	161,635	x	x	x
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	27,440	13,660	13,780	x	x	x
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	16,465	8,580	7,890	x	x	x
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,335	4,330	2,005	x	x	x
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	10,130	4,250	5,880	x	x	x
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,715	2,880	3,835	x	x	x
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,080	2,110	1,975	x	x	x
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	175	90	85	x	x	x
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	397,630	192,815	204,820	x	x	x
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,815	7,460	8,355	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	15,270	7,200	8,065	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,955	3,785	4,170	x	x	x
Métis	6,905	3,230	3,675	x	x	x
Inuk (Inuit)	405	185	220	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	275	135	140	x	x	x
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	265	120	145	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal identity	381,820	185,355	196,460	x	x	x
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	397,630	192,815	204,815	x	x	x
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,015	1,905	2,110	x	x	x
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	393,615	190,910	202,710	x	x	x
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	397,635	192,815	204,820	x	x	x
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,595	1,175	1,425	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,515	1,145	1,370	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,715	790	925	x	x	x
Métis single ancestry	690	320	365	x	x	x
Inuit single ancestry	110	30	75	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	85	25	60	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	60	15	45	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	x	x	x
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	10	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	24,125	11,040	13,085	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	23,265	10,615	12,650	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,335	7,430	8,905	x	x	x
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,320	2,895	3,420	x	x	x
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	615	300	320	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	860	420	440	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	705	335	370	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	50	40	x	x	x
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	40	20	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	370,910	180,605	190,305	x	x	x
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	397,630	192,810	204,820	x	x	x
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	45,290	22,735	22,555	x	x	x
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	6,550	3,690	2,865	x	x	x
Chinese	6,975	3,450	3,520	x	x	x
Black	15,090	7,300	7,785	x	x	x
Filipino	2,575	1,125	1,445	x	x	x
Latin American	1,210	610	600	x	x	x
Arab	7,335	3,955	3,385	x	x	x
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	865	375	485	x	x	x
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,390	725	665	x	x	x
Korean	1,230	520	710	x	x	x
Japanese	485	220	275	x	x	x
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	490	225	265	x	x	x
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,095	540	555	x	x	x
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	352,340	170,075	182,265	x	x	x
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	397,630	192,815	204,815	x	x	x
North American Aboriginal origins	26,725	12,210	14,515	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,920	8,620	10,300	x	x	x
Inuit	905	425	485	x	x	x
Métis	7,850	3,615	4,235	x	x	x
Other North American origins	163,555	78,245	85,320	x	x	x
Acadian	10,115	4,535	5,590	x	x	x
American	3,950	1,915	2,035	x	x	x
Canadian	152,835	73,390	79,445	x	x	x
New Brunswicker	25	10	25	x	x	x
Newfoundlander	885	390	495	x	x	x
Nova Scotian	745	345	400	x	x	x
Ontarian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Québécois	235	120	115	x	x	x
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	0	10	x	x	x
European origins	276,190	132,910	143,280	x	x	x
British Isles origins	228,905	109,560	119,345	x	x	x
Channel Islander	35	10	25	x	x	x
Cornish	60	30	25	x	x	x
English	121,790	58,380	63,415	x	x	x
Irish	95,065	44,145	50,925	x	x	x
Manx	75	40	35	x	x	x
Scottish	113,480	53,570	59,910	x	x	x
Welsh	8,845	4,155	4,690	x	x	x
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	11,350	5,345	6,005	x	x	x
French origins	66,425	30,905	35,520	x	x	x
Alsatian	10	10	10	x	x	x
Breton	0	0	0	x	x	x
Corsican	0	0	0	x	x	x
French	66,415	30,900	35,510	x	x	x
Western European origins (except French origins)	56,580	26,830	29,750	x	x	x
Austrian	1,005	540	465	x	x	x
Bavarian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Belgian	990	480	515	x	x	x
Dutch	13,220	6,015	7,205	x	x	x
Flemish	65	50	15	x	x	x
Frisian	15	0	10	x	x	x
German	45,105	21,395	23,710	x	x	x
Luxembourger	15	0	10	x	x	x
Swiss	1,390	715	675	x	x	x
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	90	60	30	x	x	x
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,010	3,835	4,175	x	x	x
Danish	1,890	895	995	x	x	x
Finnish	610	250	360	x	x	x
Icelandic	420	185	235	x	x	x
Norwegian	2,780	1,385	1,395	x	x	x
Swedish	1,920	880	1,040	x	x	x
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	690	380	315	x	x	x
Eastern European origins	16,135	8,015	8,120	x	x	x
Bulgarian	175	80	95	x	x	x
Byelorussian	135	70	65	x	x	x
Czech	670	360	305	x	x	x
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	150	65	85	x	x	x
Estonian	255	130	130	x	x	x
Hungarian	1,395	725	675	x	x	x
Latvian	245	90	150	x	x	x
Lithuanian	600	275	325	x	x	x
Moldovan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Polish	5,905	2,900	3,000	x	x	x
Romanian	720	355	360	x	x	x
Russian	2,970	1,405	1,570	x	x	x
Slovak	355	215	140	x	x	x
Ukrainian	5,155	2,640	2,515	x	x	x
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	185	85	105	x	x	x
Southern European origins	16,775	7,980	8,795	x	x	x
Albanian	255	135	120	x	x	x
Bosnian	120	55	70	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	455	205	250	x	x	x
Cypriot	25	20	10	x	x	x
Greek	2,430	1,235	1,190	x	x	x
Italian	8,190	3,940	4,245	x	x	x
Kosovar	245	110	130	x	x	x
Macedonian	95	50	45	x	x	x
Maltese	240	105	135	x	x	x
Montenegrin	15	10	10	x	x	x
Portuguese	2,335	1,105	1,230	x	x	x
Serbian	190	85	105	x	x	x
Sicilian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Slovenian	100	45	60	x	x	x
Spanish	2,685	1,175	1,510	x	x	x
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	190	90	100	x	x	x
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	25	x	x	x
Other European origins	3,610	1,830	1,780	x	x	x
Basque	105	45	65	x	x	x
Jewish	1,485	725	765	x	x	x
Roma (Gypsy)	60	45	15	x	x	x
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	10	x	x	x
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,970	1,015	950	x	x	x
Caribbean origins	3,570	1,745	1,825	x	x	x
Antiguan	80	50	35	x	x	x
Bahamian	190	95	100	x	x	x
Barbadian	405	200	200	x	x	x
Bermudan	150	85	75	x	x	x
Carib	40	30	10	x	x	x
Cuban	270	125	145	x	x	x
Dominican	120	60	60	x	x	x
Grenadian	20	10	10	x	x	x
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haitian	85	25	65	x	x	x
Jamaican	1,295	640	655	x	x	x
Kittitian/Nevisian	35	10	20	x	x	x
Martinican	10	0	0	x	x	x
Montserratan	10	0	0	x	x	x
Puerto Rican	50	20	35	x	x	x
St. Lucian	65	20	40	x	x	x
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	250	145	105	x	x	x
Vincentian/Grenadinian	25	20	10	x	x	x
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	460	240	215	x	x	x
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	280	135	140	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,060	1,045	1,010	x	x	x
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	145	75	70	x	x	x
Arawak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Argentinian	50	30	25	x	x	x
Belizean	10	0	10	x	x	x
Bolivian	35	20	15	x	x	x
Brazilian	210	115	100	x	x	x
Chilean	80	50	30	x	x	x
Colombian	240	125	110	x	x	x
Costa Rican	25	0	20	x	x	x
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	x	x	x
Guatemalan	55	35	20	x	x	x
Guyanese	270	125	145	x	x	x
Hispanic	55	35	20	x	x	x
Honduran	30	25	10	x	x	x
Maya	60	35	20	x	x	x
Mexican	465	225	240	x	x	x
Nicaraguan	30	10	25	x	x	x
Panamanian	10	0	15	x	x	x
Paraguayan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Peruvian	145	65	80	x	x	x
Salvadorean	85	55	25	x	x	x
Uruguayan	15	0	15	x	x	x
Venezuelan	55	40	20	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	150	80	70	x	x	x
African origins	12,510	6,010	6,505	x	x	x
Central and West African origins	1,075	560	515	x	x	x
Akan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Angolan	10	10	10	x	x	x
Ashanti	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beninese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burkinabe	10	0	0	x	x	x
Cameroonian	25	20	10	x	x	x
Chadian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Congolese	165	85	80	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gabonese	0	10	0	x	x	x
Gambian	15	0	0	x	x	x
Ghanaian	145	85	65	x	x	x
Guinean	25	20	10	x	x	x
Ibo	90	45	45	x	x	x
Ivorian	0	10	0	x	x	x
Liberian	20	10	10	x	x	x
Malian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malinké	10	10	0	x	x	x
Nigerian	355	185	170	x	x	x
Peulh	10	0	0	x	x	x
Senegalese	10	0	0	x	x	x
Sierra Leonean	40	30	10	x	x	x
Togolese	70	30	35	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	70	25	45	x	x	x
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	110	60	50	x	x	x
North African origins	1,715	900	815	x	x	x
Algerian	35	25	0	x	x	x
Berber	55	35	15	x	x	x
Coptic	25	10	15	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Egyptian	1,180	630	545	x	x	x
Libyan	185	90	95	x	x	x
Maure	10	10	0	x	x	x
Moroccan	115	55	60	x	x	x
Sudanese	110	50	65	x	x	x
Tunisian	45	15	20	x	x	x
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	25	20	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins	1,585	770	810	x	x	x
Afrikaner	20	0	20	x	x	x
Amhara	10	10	0	x	x	x
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	0	0	x	x	x
Burundian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Djiboutian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eritrean	145	75	70	x	x	x
Ethiopian	250	105	145	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kenyan	145	80	55	x	x	x
Malagasy	20	0	15	x	x	x
Mauritian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Oromo	30	15	15	x	x	x
Rwandan	95	50	50	x	x	x
Seychellois	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	170	80	85	x	x	x
South African	400	185	220	x	x	x
Tanzanian	55	40	20	x	x	x
Tigrian	15	0	10	x	x	x
Ugandan	55	20	35	x	x	x
Zambian	75	30	45	x	x	x
Zimbabwean	85	55	30	x	x	x
Zulu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	115	65	50	x	x	x
Other African origins	8,315	3,870	4,440	x	x	x
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,460	670	785	x	x	x
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	6,935	3,235	3,700	x	x	x
Asian origins	33,575	17,045	16,535	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	13,795	7,140	6,660	x	x	x
Afghan	230	75	150	x	x	x
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,385	720	660	x	x	x
Armenian	220	130	85	x	x	x
Assyrian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	20	20	10	x	x	x
Georgian	20	15	10	x	x	x
Hazara	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iranian	1,200	685	515	x	x	x
Iraqi	585	260	325	x	x	x
Israeli	215	115	100	x	x	x
Jordanian	255	145	110	x	x	x
Kazakh	40	25	15	x	x	x
Kurd	230	115	115	x	x	x
Kuwaiti	205	105	100	x	x	x
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lebanese	5,205	2,615	2,590	x	x	x
Palestinian	925	500	425	x	x	x
Pashtun	10	0	0	x	x	x
Saudi Arabian	675	440	235	x	x	x
Syrian	1,660	805	850	x	x	x
Tajik	25	15	10	x	x	x
Tatar	35	10	25	x	x	x
Turk	570	270	300	x	x	x
Turkmen	10	0	0	x	x	x
Uighur	10	10	10	x	x	x
Uzbek	90	60	30	x	x	x
Yemeni	205	105	100	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	765	400	365	x	x	x
South Asian origins	6,885	3,885	3,005	x	x	x
Bangladeshi	205	125	85	x	x	x
Bengali	50	35	20	x	x	x
Bhutanese	210	85	115	x	x	x
East Indian	5,030	2,855	2,180	x	x	x
Goan	0	10	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	10	10	10	x	x	x
Kashmiri	10	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	425	220	210	x	x	x
Pakistani	465	295	175	x	x	x
Punjabi	170	80	90	x	x	x
Sinhalese	10	0	0	x	x	x
Sri Lankan	290	135	150	x	x	x
Tamil	55	25	30	x	x	x
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	390	240	145	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins	12,855	6,035	6,820	x	x	x
Burmese	15	10	10	x	x	x
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	20	35	x	x	x
Chinese	7,610	3,700	3,905	x	x	x
Filipino	2,685	1,195	1,480	x	x	x
Hmong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indonesian	95	45	50	x	x	x
Japanese	600	240	355	x	x	x
Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	1,280	540	740	x	x	x
Laotian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Malaysian	50	20	35	x	x	x
Mongolian	35	10	20	x	x	x
Singaporean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Taiwanese	175	85	95	x	x	x
Thai	175	65	110	x	x	x
Tibetan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Vietnamese	585	260	320	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	50	35	15	x	x	x
Other Asian origins	295	140	155	x	x	x
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	295	140	155	x	x	x
Oceania origins	550	270	280	x	x	x
Australian	285	135	145	x	x	x
New Zealander	190	105	80	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins	90	30	55	x	x	x
Fijian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Hawaiian	15	0	10	x	x	x
Maori	35	15	25	x	x	x
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	10	0	x	x	x
Samoan	10	0	0	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	10	x	x	x
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	173,455	...	...	x	...	...
Owner	104,250	...	...	x	...	...
Renter	69,180	...	...	x	...	...
Band housing	30	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
Condominium	10,415	...	...	x	...	...
Not condominium	163,045	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
No bedrooms	875	...	...	x	...	...
1 bedroom	25,150	...	...	x	...	...
2 bedrooms	45,370	...	...	x	...	...
3 bedrooms	62,955	...	...	x	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	39,105	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	46,250	...	...	x	...	...
5 rooms	25,385	...	...	x	...	...
6 rooms	24,840	...	...	x	...	...
7 rooms	22,370	...	...	x	...	...
8 or more rooms	54,610	...	...	x	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
One person or fewer per room	172,115	...	...	x	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,345	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	173,455	...	...	x	...	...
Suitable	167,475	...	...	x	...	...
Not suitable	5,990	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	173,455	...	...	x	...	...
1960 or before	35,105	...	...	x	...	...
1961 to 1980	49,465	...	...	x	...	...
1981 to 1990	27,070	...	...	x	...	...
1991 to 2000	24,820	...	...	x	...	...
2001 to 2005	13,190	...	...	x	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,695	...	...	x	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	11,110	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	161,990	...	...	x	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,470	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
1 household maintainer	98,525	...	...	x	...	...
2 household maintainers	70,350	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	4,585	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	173,460	...	...	x	...	...
15 to 24 years	9,080	...	...	x	...	...
25 to 34 years	27,935	...	...	x	...	...
35 to 44 years	28,940	...	...	x	...	...
45 to 54 years	34,530	...	...	x	...	...
55 to 64 years	33,710	...	...	x	...	...
65 to 74 years	23,385	...	...	x	...	...
75 to 84 years	12,040	...	...	x	...	...
85 years and over	3,835	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	172,790	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	129,585	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	43,205	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	36,565	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	104,190	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.1	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,187	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,268	...	...	x	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	269,126	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	307,511	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,085	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.3	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.3	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	962	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,035	...	...	x	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	337,210	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	49,435	25,160	24,280	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	85,440	43,010	42,430	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	202,335	93,795	108,540	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,270	18,000	8,270	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	14,480	8,135	6,345	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	11,790	9,865	1,925	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	69,970	29,400	40,570	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,855	3,195	4,665	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	98,235	43,195	55,035	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	65,780	28,265	37,515	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,155	2,245	2,910	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,785	1,495	1,290	x	x	x
Master's degree	20,595	8,750	11,840	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,920	2,450	1,475	x	x	x
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	225,420	108,730	116,695	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,865	10,520	8,340	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	49,630	25,545	24,080	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	156,930	72,660	84,270	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,455	13,000	5,450	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	10,105	5,910	4,195	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,350	7,090	1,260	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	53,900	23,350	30,550	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,300	2,145	3,155	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	79,275	34,170	45,110	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	53,075	22,730	30,340	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,055	1,650	2,405	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,295	1,115	1,175	x	x	x
Master's degree	17,035	7,065	9,975	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,815	1,605	1,215	x	x	x
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	337,210	161,965	175,245	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	134,875	68,170	66,710	x	x	x
Education	12,645	3,230	9,415	x	x	x
13. Education	12,640	3,230	9,415	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,780	3,190	3,595	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,315	970	345	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	5,465	2,215	3,245	x	x	x
Humanities	10,725	4,110	6,620	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	740	230	510	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	3,220	970	2,250	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,305	765	1,535	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	15	30	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	715	380	330	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	860	510	345	x	x	x
54. History	2,255	1,125	1,135	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	585	105	480	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,785	7,680	16,110	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	415	90	330	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,300	835	1,460	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,015	310	3,705	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	3,600	1,200	2,400	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	390	105	285	x	x	x
42. Psychology	5,035	1,310	3,725	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	8,025	3,825	4,200	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	47,175	16,450	30,730	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	15	55	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,855	685	2,175	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	44,245	15,745	28,505	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,850	4,750	5,105	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,595	1,885	2,710	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,020	790	1,235	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	2,815	1,965	850	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	320	85	240	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,670	6,195	3,475	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,775	5,305	2,470	x	x	x
25. Library science	700	105	600	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,055	685	375	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	135	100	30	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	37,890	34,940	2,945	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	960	620	340	x	x	x
14. Engineering	7,830	6,665	1,170	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,520	7,790	730	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	8,730	8,495	235	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,060	7,735	325	x	x	x
48. Precision production	3,785	3,640	140	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,230	1,190	1,040	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,035	515	520	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,200	680	520	x	x	x
Health and related fields	28,890	5,355	23,535	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,900	900	1,000	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	26,040	3,880	22,160	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	950	580	375	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,650	6,705	5,945	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	7,160	1,905	5,260	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	180	180	0	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	520	475	40	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	2,025	1,610	415	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,765	2,540	225	x	x	x
Other	40	10	35	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	10	35	x	x	x
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	225,425	108,730	116,695	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	68,490	36,070	32,425	x	x	x
Education	8,765	2,100	6,670	x	x	x
13. Education	8,765	2,100	6,670	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,325	2,515	2,805	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	970	735	240	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	4,355	1,785	2,570	x	x	x
Humanities	8,300	3,110	5,190	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	600	175	420	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	2,540	770	1,770	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,825	610	1,215	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	35	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	565	290	280	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	550	330	225	x	x	x
54. History	1,745	830	910	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	425	75	350	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	19,595	6,095	13,500	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	350	70	280	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,970	695	1,275	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,290	255	3,035	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	3,135	930	2,210	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	300	75	235	x	x	x
42. Psychology	4,035	1,035	2,995	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	6,510	3,030	3,480	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	36,275	12,865	23,410	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	15	50	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,330	550	1,775	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	33,880	12,300	21,585	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,310	3,490	3,825	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,575	1,470	2,105	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,485	600	885	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	90	25	65	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	1,965	1,355	605	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	195	35	165	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,505	5,570	2,935	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,135	4,920	2,215	x	x	x
25. Library science	480	75	405	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	770	485	285	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	115	90	25	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	28,875	26,365	2,510	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	735	445	290	x	x	x
14. Engineering	5,890	4,910	975	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,725	6,075	650	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	6,650	6,415	230	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,110	5,870	245	x	x	x
48. Precision production	2,755	2,655	105	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,830	975	855	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	835	415	420	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	995	555	435	x	x	x
Health and related fields	22,215	4,290	17,930	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,510	760	755	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	19,945	3,100	16,845	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	760	430	325	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,890	5,280	4,600	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	5,630	1,575	4,060	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	165	165	10	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	310	285	30	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	1,600	1,265	335	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,175	1,995	180	x	x	x
Other	40	10	35	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	10	30	x	x	x
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	337,210	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	134,875	68,170	66,705	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	202,335	93,795	108,540	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	184,280	84,675	99,605	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	140,680	63,335	77,345	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	43,605	21,335	22,265	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	18,060	9,125	8,935	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,800	2,010	1,790	x	x	x
Philippines	1,105	395	720	x	x	x
India	1,475	770	700	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,175	1,855	1,320	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	315	495	x	x	x
France	250	145	105	x	x	x
Other	7,440	3,635	3,805	x	x	x
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	225,420	108,730	116,695	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,490	36,065	32,425	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	156,930	72,660	84,270	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	142,985	65,865	77,125	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	108,650	49,100	59,555	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	34,340	16,770	17,570	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	13,940	6,795	7,145	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,510	1,275	1,235	x	x	x
Philippines	1,030	375	655	x	x	x
India	1,170	605	565	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,050	1,175	870	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	660	260	400	x	x	x
France	200	115	85	x	x	x
Other	6,325	2,995	3,330	x	x	x
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	337,215	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
In the labour force	225,940	115,060	110,880	x	x	x
Employed	209,425	105,895	103,530	x	x	x
Unemployed	16,515	9,170	7,350	x	x	x
Not in the labour force	111,275	46,905	64,370	x	x	x
Participation rate	67.0	71.0	63.3	x	x	x
Employment rate	62.1	65.4	59.1	x	x	x
Unemployment rate	7.3	8.0	6.6	x	x	x
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	337,210	161,965	175,250	x	x	x
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	102,100	43,110	58,990	x	x	x
Worked	235,115	118,855	116,255	x	x	x
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	128,810	69,900	58,910	x	x	x
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	106,300	48,955	57,345	x	x	x
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.7	x	x	x
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	225,945	115,060	110,880	x	x	x
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,075	2,120	1,955	x	x	x
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	221,860	112,940	108,925	x	x	x
Employee	201,650	100,730	100,925	x	x	x
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	20,210	12,215	8,000	x	x	x
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	225,940	115,060	110,880	x	x	x
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,080	2,120	1,955	x	x	x
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	221,860	112,940	108,925	x	x	x
0 Management occupations	24,330	14,500	9,830	x	x	x
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	36,725	10,880	25,840	x	x	x
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	17,555	14,105	3,445	x	x	x
3 Health occupations	17,440	3,410	14,025	x	x	x
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30,390	12,015	18,380	x	x	x
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,555	3,570	3,980	x	x	x
6 Sales and service occupations	55,165	24,350	30,820	x	x	x
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,170	24,875	1,295	x	x	x
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,740	2,310	430	x	x	x
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,785	2,920	870	x	x	x
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	225,945	115,065	110,880	x	x	x
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,080	2,120	1,960	x	x	x
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	221,860	112,940	108,925	x	x	x
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,445	1,070	375	x	x	x
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,115	975	140	x	x	x
22 Utilities	1,595	1,045	550	x	x	x
23 Construction	13,810	12,280	1,535	x	x	x
31-33 Manufacturing	10,000	7,310	2,690	x	x	x
41 Wholesale trade	7,070	5,105	1,965	x	x	x
44-45 Retail trade	26,560	11,990	14,570	x	x	x
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,025	7,640	2,385	x	x	x
51 Information and cultural industries	6,320	3,610	2,715	x	x	x
52 Finance and insurance	10,370	4,235	6,135	x	x	x
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,390	2,455	1,935	x	x	x
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,535	9,885	7,655	x	x	x
55 Management of companies and enterprises	230	90	140	x	x	x
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	11,685	6,820	4,865	x	x	x
61 Educational services	17,535	5,935	11,600	x	x	x
62 Health care and social assistance	28,995	5,410	23,580	x	x	x
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,835	2,495	2,345	x	x	x
72 Accommodation and food services	16,125	6,840	9,285	x	x	x
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,850	3,785	5,065	x	x	x
91 Public administration	23,370	13,970	9,395	x	x	x
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	209,425	105,895	103,530	x	x	x
Worked at home	13,580	6,570	7,015	x	x	x
Worked outside Canada	1,040	710	325	x	x	x
No fixed workplace address	22,215	16,360	5,855	x	x	x
Worked at usual place	172,585	82,250	90,340	x	x	x
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	172,585	82,250	90,335	x	x	x
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	166,455	78,620	87,840	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	155	105	55	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,155	2,315	1,835	x	x	x
Commute to a different province or territory	1,825	1,215	610	x	x	x
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	194,800	98,610	96,190	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a driver	137,130	73,100	64,025	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	14,270	5,220	9,045	x	x	x
Public transit	22,980	9,960	13,020	x	x	x
Walked	15,935	7,500	8,435	x	x	x
Bicycle	1,965	1,310	655	x	x	x
Other method	2,530	1,530	1,005	x	x	x
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	194,805	98,615	96,195	x	x	x
Less than 15 minutes	48,600	22,265	26,330	x	x	x
15 to 29 minutes	79,445	41,265	38,180	x	x	x
30 to 44 minutes	42,835	22,665	20,170	x	x	x
45 to 59 minutes	13,965	6,940	7,020	x	x	x
60 minutes and over	9,960	5,475	4,490	x	x	x
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	194,805	98,610	96,190	x	x	x
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,345	6,050	3,295	x	x	x
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	38,000	22,710	15,295	x	x	x
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	58,980	29,475	29,510	x	x	x
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	41,880	17,970	23,905	x	x	x
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	19,595	8,615	10,980	x	x	x
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	27,000	13,790	13,210	x	x	x
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	241,390	121,770	119,620	x	x	x
Single responses	239,880	121,140	118,740	x	x	x
Official languages	239,140	120,745	118,400	x	x	x
English	237,620	120,350	117,270	x	x	x
French	1,520	390	1,125	x	x	x
Non-official languages	735	400	340	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	740	400	340	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	115	40	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	150	110	35	x	x	x
Amharic	10	0	0	x	x	x
Arabic	125	100	30	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	15	15	10	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	10	0	10	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	200	110	90	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	x	x	x
Baltic languages	0	0	10	x	x	x
Latvian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages	25	20	10	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Russian	30	20	10	x	x	x
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	40	20	20	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	10	10	10	x	x	x
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	25	10	15	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	10	10	0	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	15	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	20	15	0	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iranian languages	30	10	20	x	x	x
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	20	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	75	35	45	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Portuguese	30	10	20	x	x	x
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Spanish	40	15	25	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	25	10	15	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	30	15	20	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	30	0	25	x	x	x
American Sign Language	15	10	15	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	15	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	155	130	x	x	x
Chinese languages	280	150	130	x	x	x
Cantonese	60	35	25	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	200	105	100	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	10	0	10	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	1,510	630	880	x	x	x
English and French	920	330	585	x	x	x
English and non-official language	555	280	280	x	x	x
French and non-official language	10	0	0	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	30	15	15	x	x	x
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	241,390	121,770	119,620	x	x	x
None	230,965	116,690	114,270	x	x	x
English	1,325	460	870	x	x	x
French	7,040	3,575	3,465	x	x	x
Non-official language	1,905	955	950	x	x	x
Aboriginal	30	15	15	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	1,870	940	935	x	x	x
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x
English and non-official language	10	0	0	x	x	x
French and non-official language	150	90	60	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	393,840	190,960	202,880	x	x	x
Non-movers	335,130	162,410	172,720	x	x	x
Movers	58,715	28,555	30,160	x	x	x
Non-migrants	41,645	20,270	21,370	x	x	x
Migrants	17,070	8,275	8,795	x	x	x
Internal migrants	12,075	5,785	6,285	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	4,125	1,835	2,280	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	7,955	3,950	4,000	x	x	x
External migrants	4,995	2,490	2,505	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	377,835	182,825	195,015	x	x	x
Non-movers	227,440	109,710	117,730	x	x	x
Movers	150,395	73,110	77,280	x	x	x
Non-migrants	99,295	48,135	51,160	x	x	x
Migrants	51,100	24,975	26,120	x	x	x
Internal migrants	36,440	17,330	19,115	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	12,010	5,405	6,605	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	24,435	11,925	12,505	x	x	x
External migrants	14,660	7,650	7,010	x	x	x

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia and Lake Laberge 1, SG [Census subdivision], Yukon (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia and Lake Laberge 1, Self-government [Census subdivision], Yukon

Census Profile, 2016 Census Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia and Lake Laberge 1, Self-government [Census subdivision], Yukon

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia and Lake Laberge 1, Self-government [Census subdivision], Yukon