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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Keewatin, Region [Census division], Nunavut

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montréal Quebec [Census metropolitan area]			Keewatin, REG Nunavut [Census division]
	Data quality , Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec Map : Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Keewatin, Region [Census division], Nunavut Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,098,927	...	...	10,413	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,934,078 ^r	...	...	8,955	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.2	...	...	16.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,823,281	...	...	3,007	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,727,310	...	...	2,631	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	890.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,604.26	...	...	444,621.71	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,098,925	2,000,935	2,097,990	10,415	5,315	5,100
0 to 14 years	691,345	353,270	338,075	3,540	1,820	1,720
0 to 4 years	231,320	118,405	112,920	1,240	650	590
5 to 9 years	242,610	124,075	118,535	1,240	635	610
10 to 14 years	217,415	110,795	106,620	1,065	535	525
15 to 64 years	2,735,890	1,356,315	1,379,575	6,475	3,305	3,175
15 to 19 years	225,345	114,530	110,815	1,045	515	525
20 to 24 years	271,635	136,530	135,105	920	460	460
25 to 29 years	270,735	134,135	136,600	945	470	480
30 to 34 years	279,175	136,275	142,905	695	345	345
35 to 39 years	295,330	145,080	150,255	635	335	300
40 to 44 years	276,490	137,505	138,985	565	305	260
45 to 49 years	277,560	138,805	138,755	580	295	285
50 to 54 years	303,980	152,325	151,660	500	270	235
55 to 59 years	291,385	143,585	147,805	350	185	170
60 to 64 years	244,235	117,550	126,690	240	125	120
65 years and over	671,690	291,345	380,345	395	195	205
65 to 69 years	210,080	98,390	111,690	175	85	90
70 to 74 years	162,985	74,565	88,420	115	55	55
75 to 79 years	118,450	51,740	66,710	45	25	25
80 to 84 years	89,460	36,985	52,470	40	15	25
85 years and over	90,720	29,665	61,060	15	10	0
85 to 89 years	58,055	21,025	37,030	10	10	0
90 to 94 years	25,420	7,160	18,260	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	6,285	1,350	4,935	0	0	0
100 years and over	965	130	830	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.7	16.1	34.0	34.2	33.7
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.8	65.8	62.2	62.2	62.3
65 years and over	16.4	14.6	18.1	3.8	3.7	4.0
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.9	0.1	0.2	0.0
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.6	26.7	26.7	26.7
Median age of the population	40.3	39.3	41.2	23.4	23.5	23.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
Single-detached house	564,230	...	...	1,345	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	151,365	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,007,340	...	...	1,285	...	...
Semi-detached house	86,460	...	...	195	...	...
Row house	56,770	...	...	765	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	146,085	...	...	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	711,775	...	...	205	...	...
Other single-attached house	6,255	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	4,380	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
1 person	570,285	...	...	465	...	...
2 persons	551,270	...	...	430	...	...
3 persons	257,130	...	...	365	...	...
4 persons	231,025	...	...	410	...	...
5 or more persons	117,600	...	...	965	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,009,790	...	...	10,290	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	3.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,407,580	1,647,665	1,759,915	6,870	3,495	3,380
Married or living common law	1,845,335	925,190	920,145	3,675	1,840	1,830
Married	1,226,235	613,925	612,315	2,340	1,175	1,160
Living common law	619,100	311,270	307,830	1,335	665	670
Not married and not living common law	1,562,240	722,470	839,775	3,200	1,655	1,545
Never married	1,077,075	569,720	507,355	2,795	1,510	1,285
Separated	58,740	24,795	33,945	105	40	60
Divorced	245,625	91,055	154,570	95	45	50
Widowed	180,805	36,900	143,910	205	60	150
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,101,980	...	...	2,445	...	...
2 persons	539,635	...	...	690	...	...
3 persons	244,885	...	...	580	...	...
4 persons	224,230	...	...	455	...	...
5 or more persons	93,225	...	...	720	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,101,985	...	...	2,445	...	...
Total couple families	898,085	...	...	1,780	...	...
Married couples	588,970	...	...	1,110	...	...
Common-law couples	309,115	...	...	670	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	203,895	...	...	670	...	...
Female parent	158,625	...	...	485	...	...
Male parent	45,270	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	898,090	...	...	1,780	...	...
Couples without children	413,795	...	...	340	...	...
Couples with children	484,290	...	...	1,435	...	...
1 child	185,880	...	...	390	...	...
2 children	209,465	...	...	390	...	...
3 or more children	88,950	...	...	655	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	203,895	...	...	670	...	...
1 child	125,840	...	...	350	...	...
2 children	59,010	...	...	185	...	...
3 or more children	19,045	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	802,100	385,725	416,380	1,080	610	470
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,727,310	...	...	2,635	...	...
One-census-family households	1,065,055	...	...	1,740	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	399,960	...	...	215	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	665,095	...	...	1,530	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	18,140	...	...	330	...	...
Non-census-family households	644,110	...	...	560	...	...
One-person households	570,285	...	...	465	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	73,825	...	...	95	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	10,335	5,265	5,075
English only	286,275	143,255	143,025	9,560	4,855	4,705
French only	1,472,060	662,855	809,205	5	10	0
English and French	2,231,540	1,150,975	1,080,565	200	115	80
Neither English nor French	63,480	25,175	38,305	570	285	285
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	10,340	5,265	5,075
English	765,805	382,720	383,080	9,710	4,940	4,770
French	2,980,955	1,448,725	1,532,235	50	35	15
English and French	244,955	126,535	118,415	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	61,645	24,280	37,365	560	280	280
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	888,280	445,990	442,290	60	40	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	21.9	22.5	21.4	0.6	0.8	0.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	10,335	5,260	5,075
Single responses	3,907,510	1,909,450	1,998,060	10,050	5,120	4,930
Official languages	2,996,905	1,467,115	1,529,795	2,600	1,355	1,250
English	444,955	222,890	222,065	2,555	1,315	1,235
French	2,551,955	1,244,225	1,307,730	50	35	15
Non-official languages	910,605	442,335	468,270	7,445	3,765	3,680
Aboriginal languages	755	275	480	7,305	3,700	3,605
Algonquian languages	370	145	225	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	320	120	200	0	0	0
Atikamekw	30	10	25	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	70	25	45	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	20	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	140	50	90	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	5	15	5	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	10	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	20	15	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	270	70	195	7,300	3,695	3,605
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktitut	225	60	170	7,280	3,690	3,590
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	75	40	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	909,845	442,055	467,790	145	70	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	176,965	92,830	84,135	10	5	0
Berber languages	18,945	10,025	8,915	0	0	0
Kabyle	11,315	5,975	5,335	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	7,625	4,050	3,580	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	760	365	395	0	0	0
Bilen	10	10	5	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	725	340	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	157,015	82,305	74,715	10	5	0
Amharic	665	310	355	0	5	0
Arabic	151,955	79,715	72,240	10	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	65	60	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,810	1,990	1,820	0	0	0
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	340	165	180	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	245	140	110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	33,385	15,675	17,715	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,945	3,690	4,255	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25,430	11,975	13,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20,215	7,315	12,895	45	20	30
Bikol	110	35	75	0	0	5
Cebuano	760	250	510	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	400	130	275	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,035	740	1,295	10	5	5
Malagasy	825	385	440	0	0	0
Malay	605	235	370	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	200	90	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,865	5,275	9,590	30	15	20
Waray-Waray	50	10	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	120	160	0	0	0
Creole languages	54,205	23,910	30,300	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	1,965	930	1,035	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	51,325	22,520	28,805	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	915	460	460	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	14,695	7,335	7,365	5	0	0
Kannada	230	125	105	0	0	0
Malayalam	405	215	190	0	0	0
Tamil	13,490	6,650	6,835	5	5	0
Telugu	555	335	215	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	493,565	239,965	253,600	55	30	20
Albanian	2,455	1,250	1,205	0	0	0
Armenian	16,170	7,835	8,335	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	58,295	26,270	32,025	10	10	5
Baltic languages	725	265	455	0	0	0
Latvian	235	90	150	0	0	0
Lithuanian	485	180	305	0	0	0
Slavic languages	57,570	26,005	31,570	10	10	5
Belarusan	70	40	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	455	220	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	6,395	3,095	3,295	0	0	0
Croatian	1,865	930	935	0	0	0
Czech	1,175	540	635	0	0	0
Macedonian	175	90	90	0	0	0
Polish	12,185	5,280	6,905	5	5	0
Russian	26,370	11,785	14,585	5	0	0
Serbian	1,890	930	955	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	655	305	345	0	0	0
Slovak	900	385	510	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	690	310	375	5	0	0
Ukrainian	4,640	2,025	2,610	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages	110	65	45	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	25	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,470	10,340	11,130	10	5	5
Afrikaans	90	40	50	0	0	0
Danish	300	145	155	5	0	0
Dutch	1,820	920	900	0	0	0
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0
German	9,235	4,195	5,040	5	5	5
Icelandic	60	25	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	145	70	70	0	0	0
Swedish	445	205	245	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	185	0	0	0
Yiddish	8,960	4,545	4,410	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0
Greek	37,710	18,830	18,885	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	70,940	36,585	34,350	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	43,890	22,860	21,030	15	10	10
Bengali	10,805	5,515	5,290	10	5	10
Gujarati	6,005	2,940	3,060	0	0	0
Hindi	2,905	1,565	1,335	0	5	0
Kashmiri	15	15	0	0	0	0
Konkani	110	60	50	0	0	0
Marathi	235	135	100	0	0	0
Nepali	350	170	180	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,250	6,645	5,605	0	0	0
Sindhi	310	150	160	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	620	300	315	0	0	0
Urdu	10,260	5,335	4,925	0	0	0
Iranian languages	26,720	13,545	13,180	5	0	0
Kurdish	790	425	365	0	0	0
Pashto	1,190	625	560	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	24,740	12,485	12,255	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	330	185	145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	286,425	138,790	147,635	10	5	5
Catalan	260	135	130	0	0	0
Italian	101,230	49,650	51,570	0	0	0
Portuguese	31,025	14,925	16,100	0	0	0
Romanian	33,050	15,835	17,215	0	0	0
Spanish	120,765	58,185	62,580	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0
Japanese	2,065	635	1,430	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	160	75	85	0	0	0
Georgian	160	80	85	0	0	0
Korean	4,865	2,160	2,710	5	5	0
Mongolic languages	185	75	110	0	0	0
Mongolian	185	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	19,245	9,725	9,520	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	1,015	500	510	0	5	0
Bamanankan	975	530	445	0	0	0
Edo	70	40	25	0	0	0
Ewe	485	275	210	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,625	840	785	0	0	0
Ga	80	40	40	0	0	0
Ganda	20	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	95	55	45	0	5	0
Lingala	1,970	920	1,050	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,700	790	905	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,425	640	790	0	0	0
Shona	75	40	35	0	0	5
Swahili	1,305	620	685	0	0	0
Wolof	2,440	1,305	1,135	0	0	0
Yoruba	205	130	80	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,755	2,990	2,765	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	170	95	70	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	795	410	380	10	5	5
American Sign Language	50	25	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	435	210	225	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	315	180	140	10	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	71,705	33,385	38,320	5	0	5
Chinese languages	71,485	33,270	38,215	5	0	5
Cantonese	23,450	11,055	12,400	5	0	0
Hakka	460	205	255	0	0	0
Mandarin	40,195	18,570	21,625	0	0	0
Min Dong	25	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,105	1,435	1,675	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,020	450	575	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,140	1,510	1,635	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	220	110	110	0	0	0
Burmese	60	20	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	100	55	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	4,080	1,845	2,240	0	0	0
Lao	3,545	1,710	1,830	0	0	0
Thai	530	135	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	7,375	3,765	3,610	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	260	145	120	0	0	0
Turkish	6,625	3,390	3,235	0	0	0
Uyghur	190	95	100	0	0	0
Uzbek	125	65	65	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5,650	2,570	3,080	0	0	0
Estonian	170	65	105	0	0	0
Finnish	290	95	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	5,185	2,410	2,775	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	490	275	220	5	0	5
Multiple responses	145,850	72,810	73,040	290	145	145
English and French	47,150	23,885	23,265	0	5	0
English and non-official language	25,440	12,510	12,940	280	145	140
French and non-official language	56,960	28,035	28,925	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	16,300	8,390	7,910	0	0	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,053,355	1,982,260	2,071,100	10,340	5,265	5,075
Single responses	3,784,235	1,850,955	1,933,280	9,950	5,065	4,885
Official languages	3,289,705	1,613,690	1,676,015	4,640	2,365	2,275
English	620,510	309,205	311,310	4,620	2,350	2,265
French	2,669,195	1,304,490	1,364,705	20	15	5
Non-official languages	494,525	237,260	257,265	5,305	2,695	2,610
Aboriginal languages	260	110	145	5,210	2,645	2,565
Algonquian languages	145	65	80	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	140	60	75	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	10	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	30	35	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	5	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	30	50	5,205	2,645	2,560
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuktitut	70	25	45	5,190	2,640	2,545
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	10
Iroquoian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	494,265	237,150	257,120	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	82,560	41,880	40,680	0	0	5
Berber languages	6,830	3,540	3,285	0	0	0
Kabyle	4,610	2,395	2,210	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,225	1,145	1,075	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	360	155	205	0	0	0
Bilen	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	350	150	200	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75,305	38,150	37,150	5	0	0
Amharic	315	145	170	0	0	0
Arabic	72,985	36,985	35,995	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	50	40	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,680	865	810	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	190	85	100	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,425	10,940	12,480	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,720	2,160	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,700	8,785	9,915	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,405	3,780	5,625	45	20	20
Bikol	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	220	100	120	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	0	0	0
Ilocano	740	305	435	0	0	0
Malagasy	260	135	125	0	0	0
Malay	165	80	85	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	35	30	0	0	0
Pangasinan	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,750	3,040	4,710	40	20	25
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Creole languages	19,975	8,450	11,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	775	345	430	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	18,775	7,915	10,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	420	190	225	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	11,330	5,555	5,775	5	0	0
Kannada	140	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	190	90	95	0	0	0
Tamil	10,670	5,185	5,485	5	0	0
Telugu	325	190	130	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	271,930	130,410	141,520	25	15	15
Albanian	1,445	710	730	0	0	0
Armenian	11,835	5,600	6,235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35,205	16,555	18,650	0	5	0
Baltic languages	165	70	95	0	0	0
Latvian	65	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	100	40	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35,040	16,485	18,555	0	0	0
Belarusan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	260	125	135	0	0	0
Bulgarian	4,750	2,320	2,435	0	0	0
Croatian	775	365	415	0	0	0
Czech	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	110	55	50	0	0	0
Polish	5,400	2,430	2,970	0	0	0
Russian	19,390	9,180	10,215	5	0	5
Serbian	1,065	525	540	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	265	125	140	0	0	0
Slovak	215	105	110	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	90	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,160	970	1,190	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,705	4,415	4,295	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dutch	245	115	130	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,585	715	865	0	0	0
Icelandic	35	15	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Swedish	80	40	45	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,175	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	18,255	8,720	9,530	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	49,790	24,980	24,810	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	30,075	15,245	14,830	15	5	10
Bengali	8,080	4,010	4,075	10	0	5
Gujarati	3,805	1,845	1,965	5	0	0
Hindi	1,485	765	720	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	0	0	0
Marathi	80	40	35	0	0	0
Nepali	260	120	135	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,775	4,650	4,125	0	0	0
Sindhi	135	65	70	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	345	175	170	0	0	0
Urdu	7,070	3,560	3,515	0	0	0
Iranian languages	19,580	9,655	9,915	0	0	0
Kurdish	395	210	185	0	0	0
Pashto	875	435	440	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	18,305	9,015	9,290	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	145	80	60	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	146,670	69,415	77,255	10	5	5
Catalan	90	40	45	0	0	0
Italian	32,365	14,310	18,055	0	0	0
Portuguese	14,570	6,930	7,640	0	0	0
Romanian	22,945	11,215	11,725	0	0	0
Spanish	76,680	36,900	39,775	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Japanese	875	360	520	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Georgian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Korean	3,400	1,560	1,835	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	140	70	75	0	0	0
Mongolian	140	70	75	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,575	2,190	2,385	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	440	210	230	0	0	0
Bamanankan	220	120	100	0	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	95	40	55	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	440	210	235	0	0	0
Ga	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lingala	480	200	285	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	470	215	250	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	140	195	0	0	0
Shona	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swahili	380	190	195	0	0	0
Wolof	775	415	355	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	25	20	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	835	400	430	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,050	590	460	20	10	5
American Sign Language	70	35	35	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	455	230	225	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	530	325	200	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,635	27,025	29,605	0	0	0
Chinese languages	56,510	26,965	29,545	0	0	0
Cantonese	17,330	8,200	9,130	0	0	0
Hakka	155	75	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	34,295	16,475	17,820	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,780	810	970	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	755	345	415	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,160	1,045	1,115	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Burmese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	35	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,045	990	1,060	0	0	0
Lao	1,875	920	955	0	0	0
Thai	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,795	2,380	2,415	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	95	40	50	0	0	0
Turkish	4,420	2,200	2,220	0	0	0
Uyghur	130	70	65	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	45	45	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,885	825	1,055	0	0	0
Estonian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	40	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,815	800	1,015	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	269,125	131,305	137,820	390	200	190
English and French	60,730	30,695	30,030	0	0	0
English and non-official language	50,935	24,565	26,370	390	205	190
French and non-official language	118,985	56,730	62,255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	38,480	19,310	19,165	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,053,360	1,982,260	2,071,100	10,340	5,260	5,075
None	3,138,775	1,528,660	1,610,115	3,895	1,990	1,905
English	313,765	159,265	154,495	3,085	1,590	1,490
French	247,580	122,255	125,325	25	20	10
Non-official language	274,120	132,890	141,230	3,330	1,670	1,665
Aboriginal	385	150	235	3,250	1,625	1,625
Non-Aboriginal	273,730	132,745	140,990	85	45	40
English and French	33,020	16,620	16,400	0	0	0
English and non-official language	23,200	11,400	11,800	5	0	5
French and non-official language	21,615	10,500	11,110	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,295	660	630	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,319,405	1,614,050	1,705,355	6,765	3,425	3,340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,188,850	1,552,825	1,636,025	6,270	3,155	3,115
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,040	37,389	29,280	27,244	27,008	27,321
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,189,475	1,552,930	1,636,550	6,270	3,150	3,115
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,665	32,824	26,822	26,505	25,941	26,752
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,825,595	1,405,535	1,420,065	5,300	2,730	2,570
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,834	36,170	26,012	27,051	29,669	23,687
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,452,585	1,109,840	1,342,745	6,120	3,070	3,050
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,943	3,836	7,574	2,709	1,234	5,202
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,335,685	1,199,875	1,135,815	5,145	2,650	2,490
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,153	36,210	28,453	26,342	29,008	23,184
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,319,375	1,613,985	1,705,390	6,765	3,425	3,345
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,188,425	1,552,245	1,636,175	6,270	3,155	3,115
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,742	51,915	37,937	47,254	47,788	46,714
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,189,055	1,552,325	1,636,735	6,270	3,150	3,115
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,157	40,802	31,752	40,507	40,483	40,531
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,825,025	1,404,810	1,420,220	5,300	2,730	2,570
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,508	51,847	35,260	48,723	50,589	46,737
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,452,910	1,109,715	1,343,195	6,120	3,070	3,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,050	6,985	8,930	6,202	4,057	8,364
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,335,665	1,199,715	1,135,955	5,145	2,655	2,490
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,247	49,826	36,298	47,884	49,454	46,212
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,319,375	1,613,985	1,705,390	6,770	3,425	3,340
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,032,045	563,555	468,490	2,040	1,030	1,005
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,292	53,860	44,640	86,199	84,160	88,422
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,760	67,966	52,092	84,083	85,100	83,037
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.2	90.4	80.7	87.2	91.8	82.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.7	74.1	66.4	83.1	87.1	79.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.8	9.6	19.3	12.8	8.3	17.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,319,410	1,614,055	1,705,355	6,765	3,425	3,340
Without total income	130,555	61,225	69,330	495	270	230
With total income	3,188,850	1,552,830	1,636,020	6,270	3,155	3,115
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.2	95.9	92.7	92.1	93.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	431,255	201,835	229,425	1,610	915	695
$10,000 to $19,999	575,490	235,195	340,300	925	390	535
$20,000 to $29,999	465,445	201,390	264,050	785	355	430
$30,000 to $39,999	397,270	187,125	210,145	515	245	270
$40,000 to $49,999	348,385	166,795	181,595	350	170	175
$50,000 to $59,999	259,535	131,895	127,645	215	120	95
$60,000 to $69,999	186,985	101,135	85,850	175	90	85
$70,000 to $79,999	147,600	82,105	65,495	180	100	80
$80,000 to $89,999	101,535	59,265	42,270	235	130	105
$90,000 to $99,999	67,295	42,730	24,560	225	95	130
$100,000 and over	208,040	143,365	64,680	1,060	545	515
$100,000 to $149,999	134,980	90,500	44,480	840	425	415
$150,000 and over	73,065	52,865	20,205	225	125	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,319,405	1,614,055	1,705,350	6,765	3,425	3,340
Without after-tax income	129,930	61,125	68,805	500	275	230
With after-tax income	3,189,475	1,552,930	1,636,550	6,270	3,150	3,115
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.2	96.0	92.7	92.0	93.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	446,310	205,380	240,930	1,615	915	700
$10,000 to $19,999	603,035	249,060	353,975	950	410	540
$20,000 to $29,999	563,105	250,605	312,495	850	390	460
$30,000 to $39,999	513,345	247,595	265,755	540	265	275
$40,000 to $49,999	382,030	192,695	189,335	350	180	170
$50,000 to $59,999	251,595	136,730	114,865	245	120	125
$60,000 to $69,999	163,355	93,030	70,325	260	145	115
$70,000 to $79,999	91,425	57,255	34,170	290	160	135
$80,000 and over	175,275	120,585	54,690	1,160	570	585
$80,000 to $89,999	53,535	35,090	18,445	295	125	165
$90,000 to $99,999	32,550	22,020	10,535	280	145	135
$100,000 and over	89,195	63,475	25,720	590	300	285
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,319,410	1,614,055	1,705,355	6,765	3,425	3,340
Without employment income	983,720	414,180	569,540	1,620	770	850
With employment income	2,335,690	1,199,875	1,135,815	5,145	2,655	2,495
Percentage with employment income	70.4	74.3	66.6	76.1	77.5	74.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	299,295	149,895	149,400	1,100	525	575
$5,000 to $9,999	184,940	83,240	101,700	560	245	315
$10,000 to $19,999	340,270	154,940	185,330	620	325	295
$20,000 to $29,999	284,860	131,565	153,295	430	245	185
$30,000 to $39,999	270,990	129,240	141,755	300	190	115
$40,000 to $49,999	231,135	113,170	117,965	235	130	105
$50,000 to $59,999	180,235	96,470	83,765	165	75	85
$60,000 to $69,999	137,210	77,190	60,015	170	100	70
$70,000 to $79,999	118,920	67,175	51,740	175	95	85
$80,000 and over	287,835	196,980	90,855	1,395	715	670
$80,000 to $89,999	76,195	48,370	27,820	220	130	85
$90,000 to $99,999	52,260	35,045	17,220	205	75	130
$100,000 and over	159,380	113,560	45,820	965	510	455
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,727,310	...	...	2,635	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,790	...	...	93,294	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,738	...	...	82,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	570,285	...	...	465	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,081	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,617	...	...	49,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,157,020	...	...	2,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,109	...	...	98,912	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,635	...	...	89,408	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,589	...	...	112,577	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,755	...	...	96,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	570,105	...	...	460	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,387	...	...	74,458	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,729	...	...	60,890	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,157,200	...	...	2,165	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,395	...	...	120,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,533	...	...	104,127	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
Under $5,000	31,115	...	...	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	29,850	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,095	...	...	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	82,840	...	...	50	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	83,555	...	...	90	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	73,240	...	...	75	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	81,155	...	...	100	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	84,995	...	...	95	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	84,255	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	80,890	...	...	80	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	150,605	...	...	160	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	130,650	...	...	140	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	115,305	...	...	125	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	99,710	...	...	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	85,240	...	...	115	...	...
$100,000 and over	457,820	...	...	1,230	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	161,115	...	...	270	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	105,170	...	...	255	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	105,180	...	...	270	...	...
$200,000 and over	86,355	...	...	435	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
Under $5,000	33,060	...	...	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30,330	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,650	...	...	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	87,175	...	...	50	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	94,285	...	...	95	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	88,045	...	...	85	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	103,400	...	...	100	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	104,955	...	...	105	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	100,370	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	97,330	...	...	80	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	174,750	...	...	180	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	148,275	...	...	160	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,370	...	...	155	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	101,920	...	...	120	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	82,880	...	...	150	...	...
$100,000 and over	301,515	...	...	1,070	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	139,215	...	...	330	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	71,850	...	...	195	...	...
$150,000 and over	90,455	...	...	545	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,102,785	...	...	2,125	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,175	...	...	97,650	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,355	...	...	87,424	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	391,400	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,547	...	...	154,112	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,319	...	...	131,840	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	486,280	...	...	1,395	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,941	...	...	106,650	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,292	...	...	96,512	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	194,800	...	...	435	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,054	...	...	53,120	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,837	...	...	50,912	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,102,830	...	...	2,125	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,883	...	...	118,574	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,503	...	...	102,394	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	391,140	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,312	...	...	153,964	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,776	...	...	127,839	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	486,710	...	...	1,390	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,244	...	...	129,067	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,314	...	...	111,630	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	194,630	...	...	435	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,308	...	...	70,979	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,714	...	...	63,140	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	718,550	350,225	368,325	595	355	235
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,850	31,216	28,734	55,936	46,656	70,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,212	28,012	26,567	50,304	43,904	59,264
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	717,340	348,660	368,680	595	355	240
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,160	40,830	37,582	74,320	70,823	79,566
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,366	33,188	31,588	61,025	57,632	66,116
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	4,009,790	1,966,755	2,043,035	10,290	5,240	5,055
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,258,795	1,083,185	1,175,610	5,735	2,920	2,810
In the bottom decile	416,230	205,250	210,980	1,575	820	755
In the second decile	435,520	197,820	237,700	1,365	685	675
In the third decile	489,830	233,765	256,070	1,095	575	515
In the fourth decile	474,330	229,435	244,895	900	450	455
In the fifth decile	442,885	216,920	225,965	805	390	410
In the top half of the distribution	1,750,995	883,570	867,425	4,555	2,315	2,240
In the sixth decile	419,115	208,630	210,490	610	310	300
In the seventh decile	392,990	197,220	195,770	730	365	365
In the eighth decile	361,460	182,895	178,565	785	390	395
In the ninth decile	305,085	155,505	149,580	895	470	425
In the top decile	272,335	139,320	133,015	1,535	780	750
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	4,009,795	1,966,755	2,043,035	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	819,405	418,510	400,895	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	279,080	142,795	136,285	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	2,588,750	1,278,315	1,310,435	0	0	0
65 years and over	601,635	269,930	331,705	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	614,140	288,445	325,695	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	128,620	65,805	62,820	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	44,445	22,620	21,830	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	381,890	185,820	196,065	0	0	0
65 years and over	103,635	36,820	66,810	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.7	15.9	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.7	15.7	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	15.8	16.0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.5	15.0	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	17.2	13.6	20.1	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	479,645	232,435	247,210	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	90,445	46,360	44,090	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	31,445	16,025	15,425	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	326,695	164,545	162,150	0	0	0
65 years and over	62,505	21,530	40,970	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.0	11.8	12.1	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	11.1	11.0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.2	11.3	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.9	12.4	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	10.4	8.0	12.4	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	4,009,790	1,966,705	2,043,090	10,290	5,240	5,050
Official languages	3,946,685	1,941,955	2,004,730	9,725	4,955	4,765
English	2,500,590	1,285,835	1,214,755	9,720	4,950	4,765
French	3,663,310	1,799,755	1,863,560	200	120	85
Non-official languages	1,332,070	642,340	689,730	9,255	4,695	4,555
Aboriginal languages	1,065	505	565	9,065	4,605	4,455
Algonquian languages	410	235	180	15	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	335	165	170	10	10	0
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	100	50	45	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	70	45	25	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	130	50	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	30	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	30	30	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	30	10	10	0	0
Algonquin	35	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	10	0	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	450	155	295	9,050	4,595	4,455
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	405	145	270	9,045	4,590	4,445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	180	115	65	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	175	115	60	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,331,075	641,870	689,200	250	115	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	271,775	141,620	130,150	15	10	10
Berber languages	24,835	13,075	11,760	0	0	0
Kabyle	14,590	7,710	6,880	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10,385	5,435	4,950	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,105	535	570	0	0	0
Bilen	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oromo	30	20	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,040	490	550	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	259,135	134,960	124,175	15	10	0
Amharic	980	470	510	0	0	0
Arabic	241,000	125,545	115,455	10	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	165	85	80	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	17,705	9,290	8,415	0	0	0
Maltese	20	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	360	165	195	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	165	80	85	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	615	315	300	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	42,285	20,135	22,150	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,535	5,000	5,535	0	0	0
Vietnamese	32,090	15,315	16,780	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	29,150	11,030	18,120	65	30	40
Bikol	105	50	55	0	0	0
Cebuano	915	315	600	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	500	180	315	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,450	875	1,575	15	0	0
Malagasy	1,450	680	770	0	0	0
Malay	985	420	565	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	100	100	10	10	0
Pangasinan	55	15	35	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,560	9,430	16,135	60	25	40
Waray-Waray	45	10	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	415	200	215	0	0	0
Creole languages	108,785	48,755	60,040	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	4,400	2,020	2,375	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	102,510	45,840	56,670	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,470	1,185	1,280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	18,510	9,380	9,125	10	0	0
Kannada	395	200	195	0	0	0
Malayalam	485	275	210	0	0	0
Tamil	17,130	8,610	8,520	0	0	0
Telugu	890	520	370	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	751,240	360,635	390,595	85	45	40
Albanian	2,880	1,460	1,420	0	0	0
Armenian	19,925	9,575	10,350	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75,250	35,075	40,175	10	10	10
Baltic languages	940	415	525	0	0	0
Latvian	275	110	165	0	0	0
Lithuanian	665	300	360	0	0	0
Slavic languages	74,470	34,735	39,740	15	10	0
Belarusan	310	130	180	0	0	0
Bosnian	580	275	310	0	0	0
Bulgarian	6,785	3,315	3,475	0	0	0
Croatian	2,800	1,380	1,425	0	0	0
Czech	1,665	765	900	0	0	0
Macedonian	235	105	130	0	0	0
Polish	15,340	6,880	8,465	10	0	0
Russian	42,245	20,025	22,220	10	10	0
Serbian	2,430	1,135	1,295	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	985	435	545	0	0	0
Slovak	1,235	595	645	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	900	445	460	0	0	0
Ukrainian	8,040	3,440	4,595	0	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	125	55	70	0	0	0
Celtic languages	375	220	155	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	105	60	40	0	0	0
Welsh	65	35	35	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	215	125	85	0	0	0
Germanic languages	47,450	23,730	23,720	25	10	15
Afrikaans	300	195	105	0	0	0
Danish	590	285	305	10	0	10
Dutch	3,380	1,780	1,600	0	0	0
Frisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
German	30,070	15,095	14,975	15	10	10
Icelandic	100	60	35	0	0	0
Norwegian	355	170	185	0	0	0
Swedish	1,235	600	635	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	510	175	335	0	0	0
Yiddish	12,340	6,195	6,140	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	75	105	0	0	0
Greek	49,445	24,590	24,860	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	87,330	44,890	42,440	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	56,910	29,560	27,350	20	10	10
Bengali	12,600	6,470	6,135	10	10	0
Gujarati	7,830	3,805	4,025	0	0	0
Hindi	14,950	7,950	6,995	10	0	0
Kashmiri	50	30	15	0	0	0
Konkani	145	75	75	0	0	0
Marathi	460	240	220	0	0	0
Nepali	355	190	165	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	50	30	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,580	9,550	8,030	0	0	0
Sindhi	470	225	245	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,285	595	690	0	0	0
Urdu	15,920	8,370	7,550	10	0	0
Iranian languages	31,700	15,960	15,740	0	0	0
Kurdish	980	510	475	0	0	0
Pashto	1,630	900	725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	29,530	14,835	14,695	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	625	335	290	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	497,655	234,820	262,835	30	20	15
Catalan	695	420	270	0	0	0
Italian	161,770	78,465	83,305	0	0	0
Portuguese	45,620	22,935	22,685	0	0	0
Romanian	39,265	18,875	20,390	0	0	0
Spanish	280,030	128,635	151,400	30	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	335	225	115	0	0	0
Japanese	5,465	2,505	2,955	0	0	10
Kartvelian languages	200	105	100	0	0	0
Georgian	200	100	95	0	0	0
Korean	5,795	2,645	3,150	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	235	115	115	0	0	0
Mongolian	235	115	120	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	37,280	18,580	18,700	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	1,715	900	815	10	10	0
Bamanankan	1,805	935	865	0	0	0
Edo	170	85	85	0	0	0
Ewe	975	615	360	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,420	1,310	0	0	0
Ga	285	150	140	0	0	0
Ganda	55	25	35	0	0	0
Igbo	240	155	85	0	0	0
Lingala	7,670	3,435	4,235	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,235	1,045	1,185	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,955	880	1,075	0	0	0
Shona	130	60	70	0	0	0
Swahili	4,240	2,070	2,170	10	0	10
Wolof	4,815	2,570	2,245	0	0	0
Yoruba	700	375	320	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	12,690	6,510	6,180	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	330	190	140	0	0	0
Sign languages	4,320	1,715	2,610	55	20	35
American Sign Language	465	170	295	25	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	2,545	905	1,635	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,470	680	785	35	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	83,535	39,325	44,205	15	10	10
Chinese languages	83,340	39,220	44,125	10	10	10
Cantonese	30,500	14,230	16,270	0	0	0
Hakka	525	230	295	0	0	0
Mandarin	54,180	25,145	29,040	0	0	10
Min Dong	15	0	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,030	1,790	2,240	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,185	520	670	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,300	2,100	2,200	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	125	85	0	0	0
Burmese	75	45	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	35	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	6,170	2,915	3,250	0	0	0
Lao	5,085	2,490	2,595	0	0	0
Thai	1,700	680	1,015	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	11,490	5,725	5,760	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	450	235	215	0	0	0
Turkish	10,555	5,275	5,275	0	0	0
Uyghur	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	195	85	110	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	195	100	100	0	0	0
Uralic languages	6,965	3,215	3,750	0	0	0
Estonian	125	50	70	0	0	0
Finnish	370	145	225	0	0	0
Hungarian	6,475	3,020	3,455	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,445	825	625	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	4,009,795	1,966,705	2,043,085	10,295	5,235	5,050
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,696,245	1,811,975	1,884,270	10,240	5,220	5,025
Canadian citizens aged under 18	772,360	394,515	377,845	4,125	2,115	2,005
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,923,885	1,417,465	1,506,425	6,120	3,100	3,015
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	313,545	154,730	158,815	50	20	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	4,009,795	1,966,705	2,043,090	10,295	5,235	5,050
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,002,625	1,476,535	1,526,095	10,115	5,160	4,960
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	936,305	452,805	483,500	165	80	90
Before 1981	207,840	100,575	107,265	25	10	10
1981 to 1990	112,945	55,685	57,265	20	15	10
1991 to 2000	163,525	77,675	85,850	25	15	10
2001 to 2010	272,725	131,570	141,160	65	25	40
2001 to 2005	118,885	57,445	61,440	15	10	15
2006 to 2010	153,840	74,115	79,720	50	20	25
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	179,270	87,305	91,965	30	10	20
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70,860	37,370	33,490	0	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	936,305	452,800	483,505	170	75	90
Under 5 years	90,505	44,550	45,950	20	10	15
5 to 14 years	148,910	74,380	74,540	35	20	15
15 to 24 years	187,480	85,225	102,255	15	10	10
25 to 44 years	445,085	219,540	225,550	80	30	50
45 years and over	64,325	29,110	35,215	15	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	936,305	452,800	483,505	165	75	90
Americas	210,770	96,160	114,615	30	15	20
Brazil	5,725	2,750	2,970	0	0	0
Colombia	16,670	7,590	9,085	0	0	0
El Salvador	9,955	4,920	5,035	0	0	0
Guyana	2,430	1,060	1,370	10	0	0
Haiti	75,740	32,980	42,755	0	0	0
Jamaica	4,425	1,910	2,510	0	0	0
Mexico	13,080	5,855	7,230	0	0	0
Peru	11,910	5,355	6,555	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	3,885	1,770	2,110	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	17,935	9,055	8,885	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	49,030	22,910	26,115	10	0	10
Europe	254,860	125,050	129,805	25	20	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,085	525	560	0	0	0
Croatia	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
France	56,805	30,005	26,800	0	0	10
Germany	6,595	2,890	3,700	0	0	0
Greece	17,885	8,790	9,095	0	0	0
Hungary	3,030	1,440	1,590	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	660	375	285	0	0	0
Italy	48,935	23,950	24,985	0	0	0
Netherlands	1,310	705	600	0	0	0
Poland	9,380	4,045	5,330	0	10	0
Portugal	16,460	7,960	8,500	0	0	0
Romania	26,145	12,405	13,745	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10,290	4,530	5,760	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,320	610	715	0	0	0
Ukraine	7,760	3,385	4,375	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10,385	5,345	5,045	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	35,225	17,275	17,945	10	0	0
Africa	204,635	105,405	99,230	25	15	15
Algeria	54,275	28,225	26,050	0	0	0
Egypt	18,495	9,675	8,820	0	0	0
Ethiopia	865	425	435	0	0	10
Kenya	635	290	340	0	0	0
Morocco	54,495	28,020	26,475	10	0	0
Nigeria	1,140	620	525	10	0	0
Somalia	475	235	245	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	670	365	305	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	73,580	37,550	36,035	15	10	10
Asia	264,955	125,605	139,345	80	35	45
Afghanistan	6,150	3,070	3,085	0	0	0
Bangladesh	7,745	3,895	3,845	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	43,350	18,265	25,080	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,535	2,220	2,315	0	0	0
India	17,455	8,995	8,460	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	16,545	8,240	8,305	0	0	0
Iraq	2,945	1,585	1,365	0	0	0
Japan	1,435	345	1,090	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,620	1,690	1,930	0	0	0
Lebanon	35,765	18,940	16,825	10	0	0
Pakistan	9,515	5,015	4,500	0	0	0
Philippines	23,235	8,725	14,510	55	25	30
Sri Lanka	10,620	5,275	5,345	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	16,310	8,040	8,265	0	0	0
Taiwan	2,495	1,030	1,470	10	0	0
Viet Nam	23,465	10,865	12,600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	39,760	19,400	20,355	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	179,270	87,300	91,965	30	10	15
Americas	40,205	19,070	21,130	0	10	0
Brazil	2,260	1,140	1,125	0	0	0
Colombia	5,270	2,475	2,790	0	0	0
Cuba	1,950	980	970	0	0	0
Haiti	15,770	7,165	8,610	0	0	0
Jamaica	155	110	50	0	0	0
Mexico	3,465	1,610	1,850	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,300	1,850	1,455	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,725	825	900	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	6,305	2,920	3,390	10	10	0
Europe	31,585	15,965	15,615	0	0	10
France	14,995	8,020	6,975	0	0	0
Germany	445	205	245	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	105	75	30	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,570	1,620	1,945	0	0	0
Romania	2,680	1,150	1,535	0	0	0
Russian Federation	1,805	815	990	0	0	0
Ukraine	2,155	990	1,165	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	710	465	250	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	5,125	2,635	2,485	10	10	0
Africa	59,780	29,715	30,065	0	0	10
Algeria	15,030	7,355	7,670	0	0	0
Cameroon	5,695	2,770	2,925	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	2,115	1,010	1,105	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	3,650	1,790	1,860	0	0	0
Egypt	4,185	2,165	2,020	0	0	0
Eritrea	45	30	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	120	60	60	0	0	0
Morocco	11,850	5,875	5,975	0	0	0
Nigeria	445	230	215	0	0	0
Somalia	70	40	35	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	140	85	55	0	0	0
Tunisia	4,670	2,355	2,315	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	11,765	5,950	5,810	0	0	0
Asia	47,430	22,385	25,050	20	10	10
Afghanistan	1,040	475	565	0	0	0
Bangladesh	840	445	400	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,820	4,455	5,365	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	95	35	60	0	0	0
India	2,870	1,505	1,365	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,090	3,345	3,740	0	0	0
Iraq	635	310	320	0	0	0
Israel	600	355	245	0	0	0
Japan	295	30	260	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	750	335	420	0	0	0
Lebanon	3,620	1,935	1,685	0	0	0
Nepal	70	40	35	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,570	800	770	0	0	0
Philippines	5,245	2,255	2,995	15	0	10
Saudi Arabia	425	200	225	0	0	10
Sri Lanka	855	375	475	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	6,350	3,185	3,165	10	0	0
Taiwan	120	50	70	0	0	0
Turkey	515	270	245	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	280	145	130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,305	495	815	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	3,030	1,330	1,700	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	265	165	100	0	0	0
Australia	140	90	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	125	75	50	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,009,795	1,966,705	2,043,090	10,295	5,240	5,050
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,025,695	499,825	525,875	190	85	100
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	651,190	328,560	322,630	165	85	75
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,332,905	1,138,320	1,194,580	9,945	5,065	4,875
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	741,595	358,465	383,125	145	65	80
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	408,710	211,560	197,150	85	35	50
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	194,940	118,480	76,460	50	20	30
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	213,775	93,085	120,690	35	20	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	204,725	81,180	123,550	40	20	20
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	117,890	60,855	57,035	20	10	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10,270	4,875	5,395	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	4,009,790	1,966,705	2,043,085	10,290	5,240	5,055
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	34,745	16,500	18,250	9,450	4,785	4,665
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	32,560	15,500	17,060	9,440	4,780	4,660
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	16,130	7,715	8,415	45	30	15
Métis	15,455	7,425	8,030	25	10	15
Inuk (Inuit)	975	360	615	9,370	4,740	4,625
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	800	370	435	15	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,385	630	755	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,975,045	1,950,205	2,024,840	840	455	385
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	4,009,790	1,966,705	2,043,090	10,290	5,235	5,055
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	9,205	4,585	4,620	45	25	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,000,585	1,962,120	2,038,465	10,250	5,215	5,030
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	4,009,795	1,966,705	2,043,090	10,290	5,240	5,055
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	20,565	9,505	11,060	8,300	4,215	4,085
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	19,995	9,245	10,750	8,265	4,195	4,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	16,215	7,445	8,775	25	15	0
Métis single ancestry	3,200	1,595	1,600	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	585	205	385	8,230	4,180	4,050
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	570	255	315	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	445	200	245	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	115	50	60	35	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	97,280	44,535	52,745	1,115	555	565
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	95,715	43,740	51,975	1,085	540	540
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	83,645	38,190	45,450	35	15	15
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,940	5,060	5,875	10	10	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,140	490	645	1,040	515	525
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,570	795	775	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,260	675	585	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	235	90	140	15	10	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	30	40	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,891,945	1,912,665	1,979,280	875	465	405
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	4,009,795	1,966,705	2,043,090	10,290	5,240	5,055
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	904,840	442,090	462,745	160	75	90
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	85,925	44,510	41,415	25	10	10
Chinese	89,400	40,890	48,510	0	0	0
Black	270,940	129,640	141,300	40	15	20
Filipino	33,050	13,455	19,600	65	30	35
Latin American	110,195	53,140	57,060	0	0	0
Arab	191,165	100,830	90,340	10	10	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	55,705	26,595	29,110	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	28,890	14,420	14,465	0	0	0
Korean	7,055	3,355	3,695	0	0	0
Japanese	3,810	1,465	2,350	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	8,290	3,900	4,385	0	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	20,420	9,895	10,530	0	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,104,955	1,524,615	1,580,340	10,130	5,165	4,965
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	4,009,790	1,966,705	2,043,085	10,290	5,240	5,050
North American Aboriginal origins	117,850	54,040	63,810	9,420	4,770	4,645
First Nations (North American Indian)	101,915	46,655	55,260	115	60	55
Inuit	2,155	875	1,280	9,335	4,725	4,610
Métis	15,920	7,565	8,360	40	20	15
Other North American origins	1,861,930	905,510	956,425	380	195	190
Acadian	15,285	7,135	8,150	15	10	10
American	27,335	13,110	14,225	75	30	40
Canadian	1,755,635	852,410	903,225	250	125	125
New Brunswicker	425	210	215	0	10	0
Newfoundlander	350	160	195	35	20	15
Nova Scotian	285	120	165	0	0	0
Ontarian	670	310	355	0	0	0
Québécois	92,115	46,380	45,735	10	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	135	70	65	0	0	0
European origins	1,721,335	849,240	872,095	1,595	830	770
British Isles origins	413,005	198,800	214,205	1,135	580	560
Channel Islander	450	220	225	0	0	0
Cornish	45	20	25	0	0	0
English	138,320	67,580	70,735	390	195	195
Irish	239,460	113,105	126,355	295	145	145
Manx	135	70	65	0	0	0
Scottish	124,130	59,280	64,850	570	285	290
Welsh	7,685	3,660	4,015	45	25	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	24,500	11,540	12,955	70	45	30
French origins	874,295	434,215	440,075	210	110	95
Alsatian	570	255	315	0	0	0
Breton	5,110	2,450	2,655	0	0	0
Corsican	910	520	385	0	0	0
French	870,245	432,210	438,035	205	115	90
Western European origins (except French origins)	149,330	72,310	77,015	195	90	100
Austrian	10,010	4,850	5,155	10	0	10
Bavarian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Belgian	31,840	15,635	16,205	10	0	0
Dutch	15,975	7,805	8,175	30	15	15
Flemish	790	380	410	0	0	0
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	86,025	41,010	45,015	135	60	75
Luxembourger	570	275	295	0	0	0
Swiss	13,555	6,930	6,620	0	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	105	60	45	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	16,095	7,895	8,205	120	55	65
Danish	3,800	1,785	2,015	10	10	10
Finnish	2,105	975	1,130	15	10	10
Icelandic	670	355	320	10	10	10
Norwegian	4,415	2,190	2,225	40	15	25
Swedish	4,780	2,325	2,450	30	10	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,390	680	715	30	20	10
Eastern European origins	212,570	103,190	109,380	100	50	50
Bulgarian	8,360	4,055	4,305	10	0	0
Byelorussian	2,175	1,060	1,120	0	0	0
Czech	5,035	2,390	2,650	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,750	910	835	0	0	0
Estonian	790	405	385	0	0	0
Hungarian	24,505	12,150	12,355	10	10	10
Latvian	1,505	710	795	10	0	0
Lithuanian	5,710	2,845	2,865	0	0	0
Moldovan	7,220	3,525	3,695	0	0	0
Polish	64,895	31,730	33,165	30	15	15
Romanian	47,980	23,365	24,620	0	0	0
Russian	49,275	23,495	25,780	25	20	10
Slovak	3,875	1,955	1,915	0	10	0
Ukrainian	35,050	16,880	18,180	35	10	20
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,695	1,390	1,305	0	0	10
Southern European origins	464,080	230,520	233,555	110	55	50
Albanian	3,270	1,690	1,580	0	0	0
Bosnian	940	470	470	0	0	0
Catalan	575	295	275	0	0	0
Croatian	5,225	2,595	2,635	0	0	0
Cypriot	455	230	225	0	0	0
Greek	66,395	33,750	32,645	10	0	0
Italian	279,800	138,875	140,925	25	15	10
Kosovar	380	210	165	0	0	0
Macedonian	610	320	290	0	0	0
Maltese	920	490	430	0	0	0
Montenegrin	365	205	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	56,405	28,295	28,115	50	25	25
Serbian	3,625	1,705	1,920	0	0	0
Sicilian	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Slovenian	2,150	1,040	1,115	0	0	10
Spanish	68,600	33,330	35,270	25	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	2,135	990	1,150	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	225	140	90	0	0	0
Other European origins	31,690	16,215	15,475	95	55	40
Basque	2,245	1,185	1,060	0	0	0
Jewish	23,675	12,110	11,565	10	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	340	205	135	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	265	125	140	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	5,390	2,740	2,650	85	45	35
Caribbean origins	184,035	85,330	98,705	10	10	10
Antiguan	360	160	200	0	0	0
Bahamian	370	185	185	0	0	0
Barbadian	5,220	2,415	2,810	0	0	0
Bermudan	95	35	55	0	0	0
Carib	375	140	230	0	0	0
Cuban	7,840	3,855	3,990	0	0	0
Dominican	10,040	4,560	5,475	10	0	10
Grenadian	1,880	750	1,130	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	790	380	410	0	0	0
Haitian	132,255	60,965	71,295	0	0	0
Jamaican	12,750	6,060	6,695	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	340	180	155	0	0	0
Martinican	1,460	710	740	0	0	0
Montserratan	240	135	105	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	435	225	210	0	0	0
St. Lucian	790	395	390	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,185	2,765	3,420	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	3,965	1,665	2,300	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,325	2,440	2,885	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	3,645	1,725	1,920	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	135,405	65,570	69,840	10	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	4,805	2,255	2,550	0	0	0
Arawak	150	40	110	0	0	0
Argentinian	4,240	2,120	2,120	10	0	0
Belizean	55	25	25	0	0	0
Bolivian	1,330	670	665	0	0	0
Brazilian	6,440	3,145	3,290	0	0	0
Chilean	12,030	6,025	6,005	0	0	0
Colombian	22,910	10,695	12,220	0	0	0
Costa Rican	920	420	495	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	2,375	1,075	1,300	0	0	0
Guatemalan	8,745	4,505	4,240	0	0	0
Guyanese	3,380	1,680	1,705	10	0	10
Hispanic	875	445	430	0	0	0
Honduran	3,895	1,935	1,960	0	0	0
Maya	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Mexican	21,130	10,245	10,880	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	2,200	1,060	1,140	0	0	0
Panamanian	1,330	695	635	0	0	0
Paraguayan	265	125	145	0	0	0
Peruvian	17,430	8,190	9,240	0	0	0
Salvadorean	17,300	8,580	8,720	0	0	0
Uruguayan	1,495	695	800	0	0	0
Venezuelan	6,670	3,045	3,630	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	4,960	2,495	2,465	0	0	10
African origins	321,450	164,810	156,640	95	45	50
Central and West African origins	64,810	33,310	31,495	15	10	10
Akan	535	280	255	0	0	0
Angolan	760	355	405	0	0	0
Ashanti	120	85	35	0	0	0
Beninese	2,860	1,520	1,345	0	0	0
Burkinabe	1,765	945	820	0	0	0
Cameroonian	13,390	6,755	6,635	0	0	0
Chadian	800	390	410	0	0	0
Congolese	14,455	6,970	7,485	0	0	0
Edo	105	65	45	0	0	0
Ewe	330	195	140	0	0	0
Gabonese	675	310	370	0	0	0
Gambian	125	70	50	0	0	0
Ghanaian	2,870	1,470	1,405	0	0	0
Guinean	4,355	2,310	2,045	0	0	0
Ibo	170	85	85	0	0	0
Ivorian	6,200	3,155	3,045	0	0	0
Liberian	95	40	55	0	0	0
Malian	2,510	1,255	1,255	0	0	0
Malinké	535	290	245	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,350	1,275	1,075	10	0	0
Peulh	1,735	890	850	0	0	0
Senegalese	6,020	3,225	2,800	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	110	55	50	0	0	0
Togolese	2,830	1,515	1,310	0	0	0
Wolof	515	300	215	0	0	0
Yoruba	360	175	185	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,700	2,565	2,140	0	0	0
North African origins	201,520	104,860	96,665	0	0	0
Algerian	54,635	28,155	26,485	0	0	0
Berber	29,950	15,690	14,260	0	0	0
Coptic	660	365	295	0	0	0
Dinka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	27,160	14,110	13,050	0	0	0
Libyan	925	505	420	0	0	0
Maure	415	235	180	0	0	0
Moroccan	77,450	39,955	37,490	0	0	0
Sudanese	280	150	130	0	0	0
Tunisian	17,645	9,565	8,080	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	2,900	1,620	1,280	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	19,925	9,720	10,205	10	0	10
Afrikaner	100	70	30	0	0	0
Amhara	40	20	25	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,360	725	635	0	0	0
Burundian	3,070	1,455	1,620	0	0	0
Djiboutian	245	110	140	0	0	0
Eritrean	505	255	250	0	0	0
Ethiopian	1,370	690	675	10	0	0
Harari	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	465	235	230	0	0	0
Malagasy	2,625	1,305	1,320	0	0	0
Mauritian	3,315	1,545	1,765	0	0	0
Oromo	25	10	10	0	0	0
Rwandan	3,050	1,455	1,595	0	0	0
Seychellois	740	335	410	0	0	0
Somali	1,370	680	695	0	0	0
South African	700	365	335	0	0	0
Tanzanian	180	105	75	0	0	0
Tigrian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Ugandan	190	85	100	0	0	0
Zambian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	265	140	130	0	0	0
Zulu	55	30	25	0	10	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,045	495	550	0	0	0
Other African origins	38,660	18,760	19,900	70	35	35
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,110	1,495	1,610	15	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	36,160	17,580	18,580	50	30	25
Asian origins	508,290	249,115	259,170	135	60	70
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	214,865	110,415	104,445	25	15	10
Afghan	9,215	4,695	4,520	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	39,245	20,565	18,685	0	10	0
Armenian	26,100	12,830	13,265	0	0	0
Assyrian	345	200	155	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	505	270	235	0	0	0
Georgian	560	260	300	0	0	0
Hazara	355	165	190	0	0	0
Iranian	23,410	11,770	11,635	0	0	0
Iraqi	4,600	2,320	2,280	0	0	0
Israeli	5,900	3,145	2,750	0	0	0
Jordanian	1,380	730	645	0	0	0
Kazakh	565	275	290	0	0	0
Kurd	1,875	1,020	860	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	80	40	40	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	255	135	115	0	0	0
Lebanese	68,765	35,925	32,840	10	0	0
Palestinian	6,345	3,255	3,090	0	0	0
Pashtun	490	270	215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	615	360	245	0	0	0
Syrian	24,690	12,460	12,235	0	0	0
Tajik	315	140	175	0	0	0
Tatar	835	400	440	0	0	0
Turk	13,570	6,685	6,880	0	10	0
Turkmen	35	25	10	0	0	0
Uighur	360	170	190	0	0	0
Uzbek	415	185	230	0	0	0
Yemeni	715	385	325	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,275	1,275	995	0	0	0
South Asian origins	90,815	46,525	44,285	25	10	10
Bangladeshi	6,920	3,555	3,365	10	10	0
Bengali	4,065	2,000	2,065	0	0	0
Bhutanese	95	55	35	0	0	0
East Indian	48,485	24,950	23,530	10	0	0
Goan	215	100	115	0	0	0
Gujarati	405	200	205	0	0	0
Kashmiri	260	155	105	0	0	0
Nepali	350	180	165	0	0	0
Pakistani	13,125	6,795	6,330	0	0	0
Punjabi	2,950	1,670	1,285	0	0	0
Sinhalese	275	115	160	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	14,595	7,205	7,390	0	0	0
Tamil	3,060	1,590	1,465	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,100	1,165	935	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	205,595	93,545	112,050	90	35	50
Burmese	245	140	100	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	13,500	6,435	7,065	0	0	0
Chinese	108,775	49,900	58,880	15	10	10
Filipino	35,685	14,620	21,060	75	30	40
Hmong	30	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,090	460	630	10	0	0
Japanese	5,320	2,135	3,185	0	0	0
Karen	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	7,625	3,620	4,005	0	0	0
Laotian	6,550	3,305	3,240	0	0	0
Malaysian	550	255	295	0	0	0
Mongolian	770	355	410	0	0	0
Singaporean	100	60	40	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,940	825	1,120	0	0	0
Thai	2,005	805	1,200	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	35	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	38,660	18,620	20,040	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	240	115	130	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	1,640	845	795	10	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,640	845	795	10	0	0
Oceania origins	2,450	1,300	1,150	0	10	0
Australian	1,645	915	735	0	0	0
New Zealander	355	175	175	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	525	250	275	0	0	0
Fijian	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hawaiian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Maori	60	40	25	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	165	75	90	0	0	0
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	205	100	110	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,727,310	...	...	2,635	...	...
Owner	961,760	...	...	585	...	...
Renter	765,550	...	...	2,045	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
Condominium	276,455	...	...	55	...	...
Not condominium	1,450,860	...	...	2,575	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
No bedrooms	16,195	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	342,680	...	...	330	...	...
2 bedrooms	545,750	...	...	1,080	...	...
3 bedrooms	530,465	...	...	810	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	292,220	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	712,775	...	...	1,360	...	...
5 rooms	297,900	...	...	660	...	...
6 rooms	184,870	...	...	380	...	...
7 rooms	174,360	...	...	160	...	...
8 or more rooms	357,400	...	...	70	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,727,310	...	...	2,635	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,695,935	...	...	1,890	...	...
More than 1 person per room	31,380	...	...	740	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
Suitable	1,629,720	...	...	1,670	...	...
Not suitable	97,595	...	...	965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,727,310	...	...	2,635	...	...
1960 or before	444,100	...	...	40	...	...
1961 to 1980	552,025	...	...	645	...	...
1981 to 1990	246,220	...	...	595	...	...
1991 to 2000	172,820	...	...	550	...	...
2001 to 2005	102,010	...	...	155	...	...
2006 to 2010	114,850	...	...	295	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	95,285	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,615,720	...	...	1,725	...	...
Major repairs needed	111,590	...	...	905	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,727,310	...	...	2,630	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,075,650	...	...	1,815	...	...
2 household maintainers	620,295	...	...	770	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	31,365	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,727,310	...	...	2,635	...	...
15 to 24 years	57,635	...	...	105	...	...
25 to 34 years	261,415	...	...	670	...	...
35 to 44 years	325,285	...	...	660	...	...
45 to 54 years	351,120	...	...	595	...	...
55 to 64 years	329,975	...	...	360	...	...
65 to 74 years	233,560	...	...	175	...	...
75 to 84 years	125,860	...	...	55	...	...
85 years and over	42,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,723,920	...	...	2,625	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,300,505	...	...	2,515	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	423,415	...	...	105	...	...
30% to less than 100%	366,775	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	960,640	...	...	585	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.8	...	...	56.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.5	...	...	6.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,181	...	...	1,356	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,263	...	...	1,471	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	300,794	...	...	274,637	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	366,974	...	...	302,785	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	765,480	...	...	2,050	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.1	...	...	83.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	777	...	...	160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	842	...	...	531	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,319,375	1,613,985	1,705,385	6,765	3,425	3,340
No certificate, diploma or degree	587,135	290,900	296,235	3,800	1,895	1,905
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	720,380	347,360	373,020	1,035	500	535
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,011,860	975,725	1,036,140	1,930	1,030	900
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	453,190	265,055	188,130	525	450	80
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	326,580	168,805	157,780	310	245	65
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	126,610	96,250	30,355	215	200	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	579,950	258,215	321,735	875	360	515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130,910	54,410	76,505	50	20	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	847,815	398,045	449,770	480	205	275
Bachelor's degree	528,485	238,580	289,905	330	140	190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	79,105	36,530	42,570	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	23,090	11,540	11,550	0	0	0
Master's degree	184,480	91,955	92,530	135	55	80
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	32,650	19,440	13,210	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,224,010	1,094,440	1,129,575	4,455	2,285	2,175
No certificate, diploma or degree	250,525	136,200	114,330	2,115	1,055	1,055
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	407,255	203,980	203,280	640	330	310
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,566,225	754,265	811,960	1,710	895	810
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	348,335	199,005	149,330	450	375	70
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	253,945	127,500	126,445	265	205	60
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	94,390	71,505	22,885	185	170	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	410,280	186,760	223,515	770	310	460
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	98,575	41,605	56,970	45	15	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	709,035	326,890	382,145	445	190	255
Bachelor's degree	439,815	197,115	242,695	300	130	170
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65,055	28,760	36,290	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,275	8,010	10,270	0	0	0
Master's degree	159,520	78,105	81,420	130	60	80
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	26,370	14,905	11,470	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,319,375	1,613,980	1,705,385	6,765	3,425	3,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,307,510	638,255	669,250	4,835	2,395	2,445
Education	120,880	25,970	94,905	270	95	175
13. Education	120,875	25,970	94,905	270	90	180
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	103,170	48,270	54,900	30	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15,545	11,610	3,935	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	87,625	36,670	50,960	25	15	10
Humanities	128,260	48,780	79,475	70	40	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	21,945	4,730	17,215	15	10	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10,360	3,130	7,225	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	56,980	22,770	34,210	15	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	460	190	270	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,480	4,015	2,465	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,400	2,815	1,580	20	15	0
54. History	10,360	5,820	4,540	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	17,275	5,305	11,975	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	234,420	79,835	154,590	150	45	105
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,795	755	2,045	30	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	31,985	11,015	20,970	0	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,885	3,410	35,480	60	0	55
22. Legal professions and studies	43,265	16,645	26,615	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	5,055	1,220	3,835	0	0	10
42. Psychology	32,730	7,900	24,835	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	79,705	38,890	40,815	30	20	10
Business, management and public administration	477,965	191,800	286,165	425	115	310
30.16 Accounting and computer science	465	180	285	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20,690	4,510	16,180	50	10	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	456,810	187,115	269,695	375	100	280
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,550	46,485	40,065	30	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	31,185	12,675	18,510	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	16,250	9,530	6,720	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10,010	5,020	4,990	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	25,535	17,325	8,210	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,570	1,935	1,640	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95,595	66,870	28,730	25	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	78,525	58,820	19,700	15	10	10
25. Library science	6,265	1,145	5,115	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,415	5,845	3,565	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,400	1,050	345	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	382,755	340,875	41,885	440	410	25
04. Architecture and related services	18,520	10,775	7,740	10	10	0
14. Engineering	107,340	87,230	20,110	15	10	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	66,270	59,520	6,745	65	55	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	10	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	75,145	72,735	2,415	235	225	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	71,430	68,890	2,540	105	95	0
48. Precision production	44,010	41,705	2,305	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,810	11,800	10,010	35	25	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	15,225	7,965	7,260	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	6,585	3,840	2,750	35	25	10
Health and related fields	235,450	50,145	185,305	175	50	130
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	13,660	6,855	6,805	30	20	10
51. Health professions and related programs	214,940	39,595	175,345	140	25	115
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,850	3,695	3,155	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	124,745	64,800	59,945	280	210	65
12. Personal and culinary services	71,345	20,240	51,110	75	25	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	145	130	15	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	540	515	20	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	27,020	20,855	6,165	30	25	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	25,695	23,055	2,645	170	160	15
Other	245	100	150	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	100	150	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,224,010	1,094,435	1,129,570	4,460	2,280	2,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	657,780	340,175	317,610	2,750	1,390	1,360
Education	84,415	17,105	67,310	245	80	170
13. Education	84,415	17,105	67,310	245	80	165
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	81,435	38,330	43,105	25	15	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,080	8,815	3,260	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	69,365	29,515	39,850	15	15	10
Humanities	85,820	32,630	53,195	65	35	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,370	3,725	13,645	10	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	7,925	2,370	5,550	15	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	32,665	13,835	18,835	15	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	315	125	195	0	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,595	2,850	1,745	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,665	1,750	915	10	0	0
54. History	7,585	4,345	3,240	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	12,705	3,630	9,070	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	185,650	61,720	123,935	130	40	95
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,300	605	1,700	25	10	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	26,610	9,250	17,355	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	31,440	2,370	29,070	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	35,260	12,700	22,560	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,470	850	2,625	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25,440	5,865	19,575	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	61,130	30,080	31,055	25	20	10
Business, management and public administration	387,215	152,480	234,740	375	100	275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	375	145	230	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	16,705	3,545	13,165	45	10	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	370,130	148,790	221,345	330	85	245
Physical and life sciences and technologies	58,345	30,480	27,860	25	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,780	10,185	15,595	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	8,460	4,915	3,545	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,090	1,200	890	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	19,280	12,690	6,590	0	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,730	1,490	1,240	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	83,800	58,935	24,865	25	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70,765	52,980	17,785	20	10	10
25. Library science	4,910	930	3,985	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,080	4,285	2,795	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,040	740	300	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	300,560	263,550	37,005	380	355	20
04. Architecture and related services	15,585	8,860	6,725	10	10	0
14. Engineering	91,905	73,490	18,415	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	51,050	45,415	5,640	60	55	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	15	20	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	55,125	53,050	2,075	205	195	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	54,165	52,015	2,155	85	80	10
48. Precision production	32,690	30,715	1,975	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	18,090	9,490	8,605	30	20	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	12,430	6,230	6,200	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,655	3,260	2,400	25	20	0
Health and related fields	182,240	38,250	143,990	165	45	120
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	11,225	5,530	5,695	30	20	15
51. Health professions and related programs	165,695	30,185	135,510	130	25	105
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,325	2,535	2,790	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	98,445	51,210	47,225	240	180	55
12. Personal and culinary services	55,250	15,270	39,980	65	20	45
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	330	310	20	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	21,240	16,280	4,960	25	20	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	21,520	19,265	2,255	150	140	10
Other	215	80	135	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	215	80	140	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,319,375	1,613,985	1,705,390	6,770	3,425	3,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,307,510	638,255	669,250	4,840	2,390	2,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,011,865	975,725	1,036,135	1,930	1,035	900
Location of study inside Canada	1,697,795	815,200	882,595	1,835	990	845
Same as province or territory of residence	1,641,060	785,305	855,755	945	445	505
Different than province or territory of residence	56,730	29,885	26,845	885	540	345
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	314,070	160,530	153,545	100	45	50
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	21,200	12,605	8,595	20	10	10
Philippines	11,890	3,425	8,465	35	15	25
India	6,555	3,530	3,025	0	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	9,290	5,345	3,945	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,670	7,105	8,570	0	0	0
France	52,060	29,335	22,725	0	0	0
Other	197,410	99,190	98,225	30	15	15
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,224,010	1,094,435	1,129,570	4,455	2,285	2,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	657,780	340,175	317,605	2,750	1,390	1,365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,566,225	754,265	811,960	1,705	895	810
Location of study inside Canada	1,308,105	625,310	682,790	1,620	855	760
Same as province or territory of residence	1,264,295	602,540	661,755	840	385	460
Different than province or territory of residence	43,805	22,775	21,030	775	475	305
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	258,125	128,955	129,170	90	40	50
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15,300	8,755	6,540	15	10	10
Philippines	9,980	2,775	7,200	35	10	20
India	4,675	2,375	2,300	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,150	3,500	2,645	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	14,055	6,275	7,780	0	0	0
France	43,645	24,190	19,450	0	0	0
Other	164,330	81,075	83,255	30	15	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,319,375	1,613,985	1,705,390	6,765	3,425	3,340
In the labour force	2,189,300	1,130,885	1,058,415	4,595	2,385	2,210
Employed	2,026,050	1,042,240	983,810	3,415	1,685	1,725
Unemployed	163,250	88,645	74,605	1,180	695	480
Not in the labour force	1,130,070	483,100	646,975	2,175	1,045	1,130
Participation rate	66.0	70.1	62.1	67.9	69.6	66.2
Employment rate	61.0	64.6	57.7	50.5	49.2	51.6
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.8	7.0	25.7	29.1	21.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,319,370	1,613,985	1,705,390	6,765	3,425	3,340
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,079,655	459,175	620,485	2,215	1,080	1,135
Worked	2,239,715	1,154,810	1,084,905	4,545	2,350	2,200
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,058,010	581,140	476,870	2,080	1,055	1,020
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,181,710	573,675	608,040	2,475	1,290	1,180
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.9	42.2	37.2	36.6	37.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,189,300	1,130,880	1,058,420	4,590	2,380	2,210
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	62,055	30,975	31,085	475	255	220
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,127,240	1,099,905	1,027,335	4,120	2,130	1,990
Employee	1,874,025	942,805	931,225	4,050	2,080	1,960
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	253,215	157,100	96,110	75	45	25
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,189,300	1,130,885	1,058,420	4,595	2,380	2,210
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	62,055	30,970	31,080	470	250	220
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,127,240	1,099,910	1,027,330	4,120	2,135	1,990
0 Management occupations	227,820	142,060	85,765	330	210	125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	376,215	125,565	250,645	530	130	405
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	167,705	130,895	36,815	80	65	15
3 Health occupations	144,610	30,460	114,150	125	20	105
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	258,920	76,435	182,485	885	260	625
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	88,330	43,160	45,170	115	50	60
6 Sales and service occupations	516,405	248,265	268,135	1,090	480	610
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	244,585	230,175	14,410	855	810	40
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,645	12,195	2,450	75	70	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	88,000	60,705	27,295	40	35	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,189,300	1,130,885	1,058,415	4,590	2,380	2,210
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	62,060	30,975	31,085	470	250	220
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,127,245	1,099,910	1,027,335	4,125	2,130	1,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,190	6,500	3,695	15	15	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,845	2,195	650	335	245	95
22 Utilities	14,660	9,580	5,085	70	50	20
23 Construction	111,715	96,805	14,910	250	230	25
31-33 Manufacturing	213,815	148,870	64,945	25	20	0
41 Wholesale trade	98,870	61,920	36,955	70	45	20
44-45 Retail trade	258,950	124,575	134,375	555	260	290
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	105,915	78,785	27,130	245	185	55
51 Information and cultural industries	73,205	43,575	29,630	35	15	20
52 Finance and insurance	102,285	44,810	57,480	35	15	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	38,450	22,435	16,015	150	105	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	189,640	107,460	82,180	45	30	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,650	980	1,670	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	101,355	61,125	40,235	75	50	30
61 Educational services	163,755	52,765	110,990	570	170	395
62 Health care and social assistance	259,490	51,230	208,255	380	70	310
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	47,925	25,080	22,845	55	35	25
72 Accommodation and food services	140,520	69,710	70,805	155	40	110
81 Other services (except public administration)	93,500	41,005	52,500	110	65	50
91 Public administration	97,500	50,515	46,985	940	490	445
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,026,050	1,042,235	983,815	3,415	1,685	1,725
Worked at home	135,485	68,835	66,645	40	20	15
Worked outside Canada	6,755	4,840	1,915	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	179,780	131,690	48,085	225	185	45
Worked at usual place	1,704,035	836,875	867,165	3,145	1,480	1,670
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,704,035	836,870	867,170	3,150	1,480	1,670
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	818,885	383,115	435,775	2,975	1,360	1,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	237,270	114,220	123,045	150	105	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	642,170	336,070	306,100	15	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	5,710	3,470	2,240	10	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,883,820	968,565	915,255	3,375	1,660	1,710
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,251,230	689,400	561,830	865	480	385
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	61,325	21,315	40,010	590	290	300
Public transit	419,765	181,435	238,330	65	30	30
Walked	98,075	43,715	54,360	1,560	695	865
Bicycle	38,060	24,295	13,765	0	0	0
Other method	15,365	8,395	6,970	290	165	125
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,883,815	968,570	915,250	3,375	1,660	1,715
Less than 15 minutes	341,880	157,795	184,080	2,820	1,365	1,445
15 to 29 minutes	601,250	309,540	291,705	325	145	180
30 to 44 minutes	489,215	269,020	220,190	30	15	15
45 to 59 minutes	235,360	122,950	112,415	25	15	10
60 minutes and over	216,110	109,255	106,855	175	115	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,883,815	968,565	915,250	3,375	1,660	1,715
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	144,135	107,900	36,240	25	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	329,225	191,155	138,070	140	95	45
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	528,080	239,405	288,675	445	305	135
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	383,810	168,070	215,740	1,855	805	1,050
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	217,905	99,480	118,425	455	235	220
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	280,660	162,555	118,105	460	200	255
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,308,565	1,188,170	1,120,395	4,705	2,415	2,290
Single responses	2,038,685	1,044,910	993,770	4,540	2,340	2,205
Official languages	2,019,675	1,035,390	984,280	3,220	1,695	1,525
English	412,120	222,045	190,075	3,210	1,685	1,525
French	1,607,550	813,350	794,200	10	10	0
Non-official languages	19,010	9,520	9,495	1,325	650	675
Aboriginal languages	50	10	40	1,310	640	670
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	30	1,310	640	670
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	25	1,310	640	670
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,965	9,510	9,455	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,775	1,035	740	0	0	0
Berber languages	30	0	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,735	1,025	710	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,590	955	635	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	135	70	70	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,600	795	805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	255	110	145	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,340	680	660	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	50	60	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	260	80	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	245	75	170	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	150	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,335	4,105	4,230	0	0	0
Albanian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	280	135	145	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,045	450	590	0	0	0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,030	445	585	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	160	60	95	0	0	0
Russian	690	315	375	0	0	0
Serbian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	105	40	75	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,110	470	645	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	20	0	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	205	80	130	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	20	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	860	380	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	515	260	255	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,230	710	520	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	640	365	275	0	0	0
Bengali	105	70	30	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	420	230	190	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	585	340	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	575	340	230	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,140	2,070	2,070	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	565	300	260	0	0	0
Portuguese	515	300	210	0	10	0
Romanian	310	140	170	0	0	0
Spanish	2,740	1,330	1,410	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	220	75	145	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	295	145	145	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	105	35	75	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	70	10	65	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	25	10	0	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,850	3,005	2,845	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5,850	3,005	2,845	0	0	0
Cantonese	2,610	1,300	1,310	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,940	1,550	1,395	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	210	110	100	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0	0	0
Lao	45	20	30	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	100	50	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	95	50	45	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	35	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	0	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	269,880	143,255	126,620	165	75	85
English and French	247,545	131,845	115,705	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5,850	3,345	2,500	165	75	85
French and non-official language	5,600	2,610	2,985	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10,890	5,455	5,430	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,308,565	1,188,170	1,120,400	4,705	2,415	2,290
None	1,367,155	688,575	678,580	1,535	825	710
English	643,895	342,285	301,615	1,115	545	570
French	239,675	127,070	112,600	35	25	10
Non-official language	38,740	20,490	18,250	2,000	1,015	990
Aboriginal	170	75	100	1,995	1,010	985
Non-Aboriginal	38,565	20,420	18,150	10	0	0
English and French	1,500	710	790	0	0	0
English and non-official language	11,735	5,760	5,975	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5,815	3,250	2,565	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	30	10	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,965,040	1,943,840	2,021,195	10,085	5,120	4,965
Non-movers	3,475,585	1,702,075	1,773,510	8,550	4,390	4,160
Movers	489,450	241,765	247,685	1,535	725	805
Non-migrants	292,730	144,600	148,130	1,110	525	580
Migrants	196,720	97,165	99,560	425	195	225
Internal migrants	147,460	72,380	75,075	420	200	220
Intraprovincial migrants	135,765	66,160	69,600	225	100	125
Interprovincial migrants	11,695	6,220	5,475	195	95	100
External migrants	49,265	24,780	24,485	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,778,540	1,848,565	1,929,975	9,055	4,590	4,465
Non-movers	2,325,080	1,134,155	1,190,920	5,540	2,870	2,665
Movers	1,453,460	714,405	739,060	3,510	1,715	1,795
Non-migrants	799,790	393,045	406,750	2,550	1,240	1,305
Migrants	653,670	321,360	332,310	960	475	490
Internal migrants	458,665	223,760	234,905	950	465	480
Intraprovincial migrants	429,565	209,145	220,415	485	245	245
Interprovincial migrants	29,100	14,610	14,485	460	225	230
External migrants	195,005	97,600	97,405	15	10	15

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Keewatin, REG [Census division], Nunavut (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed August 2, 2025).

Date modified:: 2024-07-12

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Keewatin, Region [Census division], Nunavut

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Census Profile, 2016 Census Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Keewatin, Region [Census division], Nunavut

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Keewatin, Region [Census division], Nunavut