Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pabineau 11, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Sudbury [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Pabineau 11, IRI New Brunswick [Census subdivision]			Sudbury Ontario [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Pabineau 11, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], New Brunswick Map : Pabineau 11, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], New Brunswick Change geography 1			Data quality : Sudbury [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	134	...	...	91,532	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	141	...	...	92,048	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-5.0	...	...	-0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	62	...	...	46,382	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	56	...	...	41,736	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	27.2	...	...	106.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4.92	...	...	857.51	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	135	75	60	91,530	43,865	47,665
0 to 14 years	30	15	15	13,020	6,580	6,445
0 to 4 years	5	0	5	4,465	2,270	2,190
5 to 9 years	15	10	5	4,440	2,285	2,150
10 to 14 years	10	5	5	4,115	2,015	2,095
15 to 64 years	95	55	40	59,755	29,295	30,460
15 to 19 years	10	5	5	4,900	2,470	2,435
20 to 24 years	10	5	0	6,415	3,255	3,165
25 to 29 years	5	0	5	6,360	3,185	3,180
30 to 34 years	5	5	0	5,720	2,870	2,845
35 to 39 years	10	5	5	5,225	2,570	2,655
40 to 44 years	5	5	5	5,170	2,545	2,625
45 to 49 years	15	10	5	5,640	2,795	2,840
50 to 54 years	15	10	0	7,170	3,505	3,665
55 to 59 years	5	0	5	6,970	3,260	3,715
60 to 64 years	5	0	5	6,180	2,840	3,335
65 years and over	10	5	5	18,755	7,995	10,755
65 to 69 years	5	0	0	5,445	2,625	2,825
70 to 74 years	0	0	0	4,200	1,890	2,310
75 to 79 years	5	5	0	3,375	1,470	1,900
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	2,730	1,050	1,680
85 years and over	0	0	0	3,000	955	2,045
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	1,925	675	1,250
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	850	230	625
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	205	55	155
100 years and over	0	0	0	20	0	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.2	20.0	25.0	14.2	15.0	13.5
15 to 64 years	70.4	73.3	66.7	65.3	66.8	63.9
65 years and over	7.4	6.7	8.3	20.5	18.2	22.6
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.3	2.2	4.3
Average age of the population	34.6	34.1	35.2	43.3	41.8	44.7
Median age of the population	35.5	33.5	37.0	44.0	42.0	45.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	60	...	...	41,735	...	...
Single-detached house	55	...	...	20,670	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	4,450	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	0	...	...	16,520	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	2,100	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	2,205	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	3,130	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	8,965	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	120	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
1 person	20	...	...	14,960	...	...
2 persons	15	...	...	14,905	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	5,630	...	...
4 persons	5	...	...	4,445	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	1,795	...	...
Number of persons in private households	135	...	...	89,075	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	105	60	45	78,510	37,290	41,220
Married or living common law	50	25	25	40,850	20,405	20,440
Married	25	15	15	31,610	15,795	15,810
Living common law	25	15	10	9,240	4,605	4,630
Not married and not living common law	55	35	25	37,665	16,885	20,780
Never married	35	30	10	22,765	12,210	10,555
Separated	5	5	5	2,915	1,260	1,655
Divorced	10	5	5	5,355	2,175	3,175
Widowed	5	0	0	6,635	1,235	5,395
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	35	...	...	25,150	...	...
2 persons	10	...	...	14,475	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	5,230	...	...
4 persons	5	...	...	4,115	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average size of census families	3.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	30	...	...	25,150	...	...
Total couple families	25	...	...	20,010	...	...
Married couples	15	...	...	15,395	...	...
Common-law couples	10	...	...	4,615	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	10	...	...	5,140	...	...
Female parent	5	...	...	4,075	...	...
Male parent	5	...	...	1,060	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	20,015	...	...
Couples without children	10	...	...	11,215	...	...
Couples with children	15	...	...	8,800	...	...
1 child	5	...	...	3,840	...	...
2 children	5	...	...	3,735	...	...
3 or more children	0	...	...	1,225	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	5,135	...	...
1 child	5	...	...	3,265	...	...
2 children	0	...	...	1,395	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25	15	10	20,925	9,745	11,180
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
One-census-family households	35	...	...	24,365	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10	...	...	10,885	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	25	...	...	13,480	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	0	...	...	390	...	...
Non-census-family households	20	...	...	16,980	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	14,960	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	0	...	...	2,020	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	135	75	60	90,060	43,300	46,760
English only	95	55	35	60,595	30,305	30,295
French only	0	0	0	525	205	325
English and French	40	20	25	28,600	12,675	15,930
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	330	115	215
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	135	75	60	90,055	43,300	46,760
English	125	65	55	72,365	35,485	36,875
French	15	5	10	16,920	7,485	9,430
English and French	0	0	0	470	225	245
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	305	105	200
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	15	5	5	17,155	7,600	9,555
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	11.1	6.7	8.3	19.0	17.6	20.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	135	75	60	90,055	43,300	46,755
Single responses	135	75	60	87,990	42,355	45,635
Official languages	130	75	60	80,365	38,860	41,500
English	110	65	45	63,165	31,255	31,910
French	20	5	10	17,195	7,610	9,585
Non-official languages	5	5	0	7,630	3,495	4,130
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	195	80	115
Algonquian languages	0	5	5	190	80	115
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	45	25	25
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	145	55	85
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	135	55	85
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	7,435	3,415	4,020
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	380	225	160
Berber languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	5	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	365	215	150
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	345	205	140
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	105	45	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	100	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	180	60	120
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	140	45	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50
Kannada	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	35	10	20
Tamil	0	0	0	30	20	10
Telugu	0	0	0	25	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	4,910	2,255	2,660
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,220	515	710
Baltic languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,170	490	680
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Croatian	0	0	0	185	85	100
Czech	0	0	0	40	30	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Polish	0	0	0	335	130	205
Russian	0	0	0	90	35	55
Serbian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	40	15	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	30	10	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	345	130	215
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	560	240	320
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dutch	0	0	0	70	30	40
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	5
German	0	0	0	440	185	255
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	105	55	50
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	580	305	275
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	520	275	245
Bengali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	115	65	45
Hindi	0	0	0	90	40	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0	25	15	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	110	50	55
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Urdu	0	0	0	125	65	55
Iranian languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,965	900	1,060
Portuguese	0	0	0	160	90	70
Romanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Spanish	0	0	0	265	125	140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	50	30	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	155	80	75
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Shona	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	550	265	285
Chinese languages	0	0	0	545	260	285
Cantonese	0	0	0	185	80	110
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	290	140	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	35	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	20	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	910	375	540
Estonian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Finnish	0	0	0	820	325	495
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	35	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Multiple responses	0	0	5	2,065	940	1,125
English and French	0	0	0	1,350	610	740
English and non-official language	0	0	0	610	290	325
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	25	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	20	25
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	135	75	60	90,055	43,300	46,760
Single responses	135	70	60	87,460	42,150	45,310
Official languages	135	75	60	84,770	40,930	43,845
English	130	70	60	77,340	37,760	39,585
French	0	5	0	7,430	3,170	4,260
Non-official languages	0	0	0	2,690	1,220	1,470
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	45	20	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	2,645	1,200	1,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	200	120	80
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	190	115	75
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	185	120	70
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	85	45	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	80	40	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	75	35	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	20	5	10
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	1,595	705	890
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	310	125	185
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Slavic languages	0	0	0	300	125	180
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	60	25	35
Czech	0	0	0	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	90	35	55
Russian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Serbian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ukrainian	0	0	0	65	25	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	50	25	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	60	30	30
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	335	180	160
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	305	160	145
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	40	35
Hindi	0	0	0	50	25	30
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	15	10	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Urdu	0	0	0	65	30	30
Iranian languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	820	335	480
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	625	245	385
Portuguese	0	0	0	75	40	35
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Spanish	0	0	0	105	50	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	15	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	320	160	160
Chinese languages	0	0	0	320	160	160
Cantonese	0	0	0	100	45	60
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	175	90	85
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	205	65	140
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	190	65	125
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	2,595	1,150	1,445
English and French	0	0	0	1,225	485	740
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,270	610	655
French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	60	30	30
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	135	75	60	90,055	43,300	46,760
None	125	65	55	74,035	36,380	37,655
English	0	0	0	5,170	2,235	2,935
French	5	0	0	7,850	3,380	4,470
Non-official language	0	0	0	2,825	1,230	1,590
Aboriginal	5	0	0	240	95	150
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	2,580	1,135	1,445
English and French	0	0	0	35	15	15
English and non-official language	0	0	0	50	25	25
French and non-official language	0	0	0	90	35	55
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	100	55	45	76,090	36,400	39,690
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	73,740	35,315	38,430
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	35,235	42,297	29,286
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	73,775	35,315	38,465
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	31,999	37,773	26,985
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	65,195	31,725	33,475
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	32,839	40,539	26,364
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	55,205	24,530	30,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	7,539	7,298	7,648
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	52,625	27,380	25,245
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	32,375	37,200	28,899
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	105	60	45	76,045	36,365	39,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	73,670	35,250	38,415
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	46,443	55,328	38,291
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	73,700	35,250	38,445
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	38,580	44,881	32,803
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	65,180	31,675	33,500
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	45,223	55,092	35,892
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	55,320	24,515	30,810
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	8,565	8,378	8,714
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	52,645	27,275	25,375
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	43,543	50,438	36,131
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	x	x	x	76,040	36,365	39,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	x	x	x	23,720	12,880	10,845
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	x	x	x	55,157	63,781	48,413
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	x	x	x	65,055	73,674	54,819
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	x	x	x	86.1	89.6	81.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	x	x	x	67.0	70.4	62.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	x	x	x	13.9	10.4	18.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	x	x	x	76,090	36,400	39,690
Without total income	x	x	x	2,340	1,085	1,260
With total income	x	x	x	73,745	35,315	38,430
Percentage with total income	x	x	x	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	9,215	3,980	5,240
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	12,840	4,945	7,895
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	10,225	3,805	6,420
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	8,845	3,965	4,880
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	7,685	3,820	3,860
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	6,070	3,030	3,040
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	4,600	2,585	2,015
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	3,265	1,860	1,405
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	2,610	1,490	1,115
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	2,235	1,300	935
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	6,160	4,525	1,635
$100,000 to $149,999	x	x	x	4,460	3,205	1,255
$150,000 and over	x	x	x	1,700	1,320	375
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	x	x	x	76,090	36,400	39,690
Without after-tax income	x	x	x	2,310	1,085	1,225
With after-tax income	x	x	x	73,780	35,315	38,465
Percentage with after-tax income	x	x	x	97.0	97.0	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	9,570	4,045	5,525
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	13,350	5,180	8,170
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	11,910	4,495	7,415
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	10,610	5,080	5,530
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	8,710	4,385	4,320
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	6,085	3,340	2,745
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	4,175	2,445	1,725
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	3,430	2,050	1,380
$80,000 and over	x	x	x	5,945	4,295	1,645
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	2,075	1,410	665
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	1,305	930	370
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	2,560	1,950	610
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	x	x	x	76,090	36,400	39,690
Without employment income	x	x	x	23,465	9,020	14,445
With employment income	x	x	x	52,625	27,380	25,245
Percentage with employment income	x	x	x	69.2	75.2	63.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	8,885	5,005	3,875
$5,000 to $9,999	x	x	x	4,155	1,800	2,355
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	6,540	2,850	3,690
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	5,445	2,410	3,040
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	5,115	2,240	2,870
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	4,595	2,055	2,540
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	3,920	1,950	1,970
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	3,025	1,735	1,285
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	2,250	1,320	930
$80,000 and over	x	x	x	8,695	6,015	2,685
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	2,045	1,185	855
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	1,890	1,100	790
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	4,760	3,730	1,035
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	40,576	...	...	61,751	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	39,552	...	...	54,727	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	14,965	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	31,834	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	29,193	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	26,775	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	85,735	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	74,736	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	x	...	...	41,735	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	81,977	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	68,124	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	15,010	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	41,742	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	35,327	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	26,720	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	104,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	86,552	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	x	...	...	41,735	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	510	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	915	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	1,865	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	2,095	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	2,345	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	1,885	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	1,845	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	1,955	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	1,865	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	1,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	3,250	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	2,980	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	2,440	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	2,240	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	1,975	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	11,740	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	3,780	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	2,640	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	x	...	...	2,965	...	...
$200,000 and over	x	...	...	2,355	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	x	...	...	41,740	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	540	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	930	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	1,890	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	2,190	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	2,630	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	2,105	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	2,210	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	2,245	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	2,175	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	2,035	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	3,815	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	3,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	2,885	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	2,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	2,015	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	8,515	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	3,525	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	2,195	...	...
$150,000 and over	x	...	...	2,790	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	x	...	...	25,210	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	86,874	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	75,664	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	10,670	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	81,362	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	71,211	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	8,885	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	125,003	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	105,167	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	4,925	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	48,160	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	45,035	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	3.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	x	...	...	25,185	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	106,545	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	87,886	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	10,630	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	99,922	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	82,367	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	8,905	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	140,327	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	113,862	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	4,840	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	61,982	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	54,076	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	x	x	x	19,230	8,975	10,255
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	x	x	x	29,194	31,328	27,875
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	x	x	x	27,060	28,519	26,158
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	x	x	x	19,140	8,850	10,295
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	x	x	x	38,564	42,433	35,239
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	x	x	x	32,910	35,316	30,841
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	x	x	x	89,075	42,955	46,120
In the bottom half of the distribution	x	x	x	43,910	20,235	23,685
In the bottom decile	x	x	x	11,120	5,300	5,820
In the second decile	x	x	x	8,765	3,675	5,090
In the third decile	x	x	x	7,935	3,555	4,380
In the fourth decile	x	x	x	8,025	3,795	4,235
In the fifth decile	x	x	x	8,075	3,910	4,160
In the top half of the distribution	x	x	x	45,165	22,730	22,435
In the sixth decile	x	x	x	8,310	4,095	4,210
In the seventh decile	x	x	x	8,690	4,330	4,360
In the eighth decile	x	x	x	9,300	4,640	4,660
In the ninth decile	x	x	x	10,030	5,070	4,960
In the top decile	x	x	x	8,840	4,590	4,250
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	x	x	x	89,075	42,960	46,120
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	15,620	7,900	7,720
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	5,305	2,700	2,600
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	56,475	27,585	28,885
65 years and over	x	x	x	16,985	7,475	9,510
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	x	x	x	15,030	6,805	8,225
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	3,500	1,785	1,710
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	1,470	765	700
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	9,635	4,475	5,160
65 years and over	x	x	x	1,895	545	1,355
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	x	x	x	16.9	15.8	17.8
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	22.4	22.6	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	27.7	28.3	26.9
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	17.1	16.2	17.9
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	11.2	7.3	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	x	x	x	9,025	4,380	4,650
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	1,840	935	905
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	850	455	395
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	6,830	3,310	3,520
65 years and over	x	x	x	355	135	220
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	11.8	11.8	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	16.0	16.9	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	12.1	12.0	12.2
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	2.1	1.8	2.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	135	75	60	88,995	42,895	46,100
Official languages	130	70	60	88,675	42,765	45,915
English	135	75	60	88,140	42,555	45,590
French	40	20	20	28,935	12,970	15,970
Non-official languages	10	0	10	10,430	4,880	5,555
Aboriginal languages	0	10	10	545	215	325
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	535	220	320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	85	50	40
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	460	170	285
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	425	160	270
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	9,880	4,660	5,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	615	335	285
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	610	330	275
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	10
Arabic	0	0	0	580	310	265
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	15	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	160	75	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	160	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	215	100	115
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	40	20	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	15	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	195	85	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	140	70	70
Kannada	0	0	0	10	10	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0	75	45	35
Telugu	0	0	0	55	20	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,660	3,090	3,575
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,175	525	645
Baltic languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,135	510	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	0	0	0	270	130	145
Czech	0	0	0	60	30	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	290	120	175
Russian	0	0	0	110	50	60
Serbian	0	0	0	75	50	25
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	10	25
Ukrainian	0	0	0	290	125	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	775	335	440
Afrikaans	0	0	0	40	30	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	110	40	75
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	605	260	345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	150	70	80
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	880	460	425
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	780	405	375
Bengali	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	185	115	70
Hindi	0	0	0	365	195	170
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	15	10
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	165	85	80
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	20	10
Urdu	0	0	0	260	115	150
Iranian languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	30	20	10
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	80	45	40
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,830	1,785	2,045
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	2,750	1,280	1,470
Portuguese	0	0	0	185	105	80
Romanian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Spanish	0	0	0	955	410	545
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	0	0	0	65	25	35
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	55	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	245	150	95
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	55	25	30
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shona	0	0	0	25	10	15
Swahili	0	0	0	40	15	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	20	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	75	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	195	60	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	105	35	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	20	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	675	375	300
Chinese languages	0	0	0	675	380	300
Cantonese	0	0	0	260	130	135
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	390	235	155
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	10	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,000	405	595
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Finnish	0	0	0	915	365	545
Hungarian	0	0	0	55	25	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	0	0	0	88,995	42,895	46,100
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	0	0	0	86,860	41,790	45,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	0	0	0	15,380	7,720	7,660
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	0	0	0	71,480	34,070	37,405
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	0	0	0	2,135	1,105	1,030
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	0	0	0	88,995	42,895	46,100
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	0	0	0	81,230	39,160	42,065
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	0	0	0	7,115	3,365	3,745
Before 1981	0	0	0	4,060	1,810	2,240
1981 to 1990	0	0	0	555	315	245
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	560	295	265
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	1,075	545	535
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	440	215	225
2006 to 2010	0	0	0	635	330	305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	0	0	0	860	400	460
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	655	365	290
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	0	0	0	7,115	3,365	3,750
Under 5 years	0	0	0	910	425	485
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	1,295	595	700
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	2,115	995	1,125
25 to 44 years	0	0	0	2,495	1,215	1,280
45 years and over	0	0	0	295	135	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	7,115	3,365	3,750
Americas	0	0	0	810	330	475
Brazil	0	0	0	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	40	25	15
El Salvador	0	0	0	25	20	10
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	25	10	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	115	55	60
Mexico	0	0	0	30	0	30
Peru	0	0	0	20	10	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	20	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	395	160	235
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	120	45	70
Europe	0	0	0	4,130	1,900	2,230
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	30	20	15
Croatia	0	0	0	160	80	80
France	0	0	0	75	35	40
Germany	0	0	0	345	140	200
Greece	0	0	0	95	45	55
Hungary	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	70	45	20
Italy	0	0	0	1,310	620	690
Netherlands	0	0	0	65	30	35
Poland	0	0	0	150	50	100
Portugal	0	0	0	100	60	40
Romania	0	0	0	35	20	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	50	10	45
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	70	30	35
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	760	370	395
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	755	305	455
Africa	0	0	0	495	245	255
Algeria	0	0	0	50	25	25
Egypt	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kenya	0	0	0	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	20	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	355	165	185
Asia	0	0	0	1,660	870	785
Afghanistan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	290	160	125
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	55	25	25
India	0	0	0	400	180	220
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	55	30	20
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	35	20	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	60	40	25
Pakistan	0	0	0	145	65	80
Philippines	0	0	0	185	90	95
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	60	35	25
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	150	85	70
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	140	100	45
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	20	15	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	860	400	465
Americas	0	0	0	55	35	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	45	30	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	110	45	65
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	25	15	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	40	10	25
Africa	0	0	0	170	60	105
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	20	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	25	0	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	30	10	15
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	60	25	40
Asia	0	0	0	520	255	265
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	45	25	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	165	75	90
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	25	20	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	80	35	45
Philippines	0	0	0	80	45	35
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	70	35	35
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	135	75	60	88,995	42,900	46,100
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	0	10	0	8,025	3,865	4,160
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	20	10	0	11,515	5,590	5,920
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	110	60	50	69,465	33,440	36,020
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	0	0	0	3,120	1,590	1,535
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	0	0	0	1,660	905	750
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	685	465	215
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	0	0	0	975	440	530
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	0	0	0	1,030	430	600
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	385	225	165
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	50	30	20
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	135	75	60	88,995	42,900	46,100
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	85	50	35	8,275	3,975	4,295
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	85	50	40	8,025	3,870	4,155
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	85	50	35	4,530	2,185	2,340
Métis	0	0	0	3,460	1,665	1,795
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	40	15	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	95	40	55
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	145	65	85
Non-Aboriginal identity	45	25	20	80,720	38,920	41,805
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	135	70	60	88,995	42,895	46,095
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	85	50	35	3,655	1,780	1,875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	50	25	25	85,340	41,115	44,225
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	135	75	60	88,995	42,895	46,100
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	70	35	25	2,330	1,170	1,165
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	65	40	25	2,310	1,155	1,155
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	70	40	25	1,875	915	960
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	415	240	175
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	20	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	10	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	20	10	10	8,285	3,935	4,345
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	20	10	10	8,155	3,895	4,260
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	4,615	2,195	2,420
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	3,495	1,680	1,815
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	45	20	20
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	125	40	85
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	120	35	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	50	20	25	78,385	37,790	40,590
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	135	75	60	88,995	42,900	46,100
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	0	0	0	4,695	2,430	2,265
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	1,240	635	605
Chinese	0	0	0	750	430	325
Black	0	0	0	1,145	600	545
Filipino	0	0	0	250	105	140
Latin American	0	0	0	210	90	115
Arab	0	0	0	490	250	235
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	230	120	110
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	100	50	50
Korean	0	0	0	45	30	20
Japanese	0	0	0	70	30	40
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	50	20	25
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	120	65	55
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	135	75	60	84,300	40,470	43,835
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	130	75	60	88,995	42,895	46,100
North American Aboriginal origins	90	55	35	10,615	5,105	5,505
First Nations (North American Indian)	85	55	35	6,630	3,165	3,465
Inuit	0	0	0	80	30	55
Métis	0	0	0	4,045	1,960	2,080
Other North American origins	40	20	20	36,540	17,210	19,330
Acadian	0	0	10	175	90	90
American	0	0	0	825	395	430
Canadian	40	20	20	35,750	16,835	18,915
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	10	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	85	40	45
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Ontarian	0	0	0	30	0	25
Québécois	0	0	0	120	70	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	35	20	15	67,100	32,150	34,950
British Isles origins	15	0	0	37,120	17,690	19,430
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	10	10	10
English	0	10	0	18,050	8,670	9,385
Irish	10	10	0	18,250	8,315	9,935
Manx	0	0	0	20	0	15
Scottish	10	0	0	14,860	7,075	7,790
Welsh	0	0	0	1,280	590	685
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	0	0	0	1,555	740	820
French origins	10	10	0	30,880	14,515	16,370
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10	15	0	30,885	14,510	16,370
Western European origins (except French origins)	0	0	0	9,915	4,840	5,075
Austrian	0	0	0	425	245	180
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	270	105	160
Dutch	0	0	0	2,145	1,020	1,130
Flemish	0	0	0	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	7,445	3,640	3,800
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	215	115	100
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	0	0	0	6,290	3,035	3,260
Danish	0	0	0	430	190	240
Finnish	0	0	0	4,530	2,225	2,305
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	25	75
Norwegian	0	0	0	600	260	335
Swedish	0	0	0	1,000	480	520
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	40	25	15
Eastern European origins	10	10	10	8,620	4,110	4,510
Bulgarian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Byelorussian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Czech	0	0	0	205	110	100
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	150	80	70
Estonian	0	0	0	180	105	75
Hungarian	10	10	10	480	220	255
Latvian	0	0	0	90	45	50
Lithuanian	0	0	0	185	80	115
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	2,880	1,420	1,460
Romanian	0	0	0	200	100	105
Russian	0	0	0	600	205	395
Slovak	0	0	0	270	115	155
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,565	2,185	2,375
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern European origins	0	0	0	11,625	5,765	5,855
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	735	385	355
Cypriot	0	0	0	15	0	10
Greek	0	0	0	495	225	265
Italian	0	0	0	9,425	4,745	4,680
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	30
Montenegrin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	345	175	170
Serbian	0	0	0	125	85	35
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	155	65	90
Spanish	0	0	0	450	170	280
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	185	100	90
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other European origins	0	0	0	210	115	105
Basque	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jewish	0	0	0	115	60	55
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	80	50	35
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	605	265	340
Antiguan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	30	0	25
Bermudan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Jamaican	0	0	0	355	175	185
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	0	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	0	0	0	475	250	225
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chilean	0	0	0	50	20	30
Colombian	0	0	0	80	50	30
Costa Rican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	35	10	25
Hispanic	0	0	0	25	10	15
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Salvadorean	0	0	0	35	15	20
Uruguayan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	10	0	10
African origins	0	0	0	1,125	555	570
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	250	140	105
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	50	25	20
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0	100	45	55
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	30	20	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	15	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	10	10	0
North African origins	0	0	0	265	120	145
Algerian	0	0	0	85	45	40
Berber	0	0	0	20	10	10
Coptic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Sudanese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tunisian	0	0	0	55	15	40
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	35	15	20
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	200	120	80
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	45	20	25
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	40	25	15
South African	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	75	60	20
Other African origins	0	0	0	430	175	255
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	60	15	45
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	390	165	225
Asian origins	0	0	0	3,665	1,920	1,740
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	0	940	530	410
Afghan	0	0	0	40	15	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	205	110	90
Armenian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	35	30	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	300	160	140
Palestinian	0	0	0	35	20	20
Pashtun	0	0	0	30	20	10
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	45	40	10
Syrian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	55	25	30
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	10	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	70	30	35
South Asian origins	0	0	0	1,290	665	630
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	15	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	15	10	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	0	925	475	455
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pakistani	0	0	0	180	85	95
Punjabi	0	0	0	40	15	25
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	90	60	30
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	50	30	20
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	1,465	760	700
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	880	475	405
Filipino	0	0	0	265	105	155
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	70	35	35
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	45	30	15
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	220	125	100
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oceania origins	0	0	0	60	25	25
Australian	0	0	0	40	20	20
New Zealander	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
Owner	10	...	...	23,095	...	...
Renter	0	...	...	18,645	...	...
Band housing	50	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	910	...	...
Not condominium	55	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	55	...	...	41,740	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	270	...	...
1 bedroom	10	...	...	7,165	...	...
2 bedrooms	15	...	...	11,335	...	...
3 bedrooms	15	...	...	14,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	8,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15	...	...	13,340	...	...
5 rooms	10	...	...	6,360	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	5,950	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	5,540	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	10,545	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	55	...	...	41,740	...	...
One person or fewer per room	55	...	...	41,565	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
Suitable	55	...	...	40,635	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	1,105	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	55	...	...	41,740	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	15,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	15,480	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	4,955	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	3,235	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	850	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	1,130	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	0	...	...	950	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	55	...	...	41,740	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	40	...	...	38,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	3,420	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
1 household maintainer	30	...	...	27,090	...	...
2 household maintainers	20	...	...	14,005	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10	...	...	640	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	55	...	...	41,735	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	2,015	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	6,295	...	...
35 to 44 years	10	...	...	5,900	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	7,815	...	...
55 to 64 years	10	...	...	7,845	...	...
65 to 74 years	0	...	...	6,245	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	4,010	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	1,610	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	41,665	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	31,030	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	10,630	...	...
30% to less than 100%	x	...	...	9,405	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	23,075	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	0.0	...	...	54.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	12.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	1,079	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	1,222	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	0	...	...	259,667	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	0	...	...	304,187	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	18,645	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	19.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	41.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	866	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	879	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	105	55	45	76,040	36,360	39,680
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15	15,065	7,285	7,780
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	30	15	10	19,325	9,110	10,210
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40	25	20	41,655	19,970	21,685
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	5,505	4,150	1,350
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	10	10	0	2,800	1,915	885
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10	0	0	2,705	2,235	470
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	15	0	10	19,930	8,595	11,340
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	925	385	540
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10	0	10	15,290	6,835	8,455
Bachelor's degree	10	0	0	10,660	4,435	6,225
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	1,145	525	625
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	495	345	155
Master's degree	0	0	0	2,455	1,180	1,280
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	530	360	175
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	75	40	30	48,020	23,550	24,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	10	10	5,330	2,955	2,380
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	20	10	10	11,240	5,640	5,605
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15	31,445	14,960	16,490
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	15	10	3,510	2,680	825
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	10	10	0	1,785	1,255	535
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	0	0	0	1,720	1,430	290
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	15	0	0	15,585	6,935	8,655
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	610	255	360
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10	10	10	11,740	5,085	6,650
Bachelor's degree	10	0	10	8,180	3,350	4,825
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	835	360	470
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	415	260	150
Master's degree	0	0	0	1,940	880	1,060
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	380	230	145
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	105	55	45	76,045	36,360	39,680
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	60	35	30	34,385	16,395	17,990
Education	0	0	0	2,500	640	1,855
13. Education	0	0	0	2,500	640	1,860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	925	450	475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	250	160	90
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	675	285	390
Humanities	10	0	0	1,990	775	1,215
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	195	25	170
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	435	120	315
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	455	195	260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	20	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	205	90	115
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	100	50	50
54. History	0	0	0	435	270	160
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	155	25	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	0	5,095	1,700	3,400
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	80	30	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	585	205	385
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	1,080	110	970
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	870	380	495
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	140	35	105
42. Psychology	0	10	0	845	150	695
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	1,495	795	700
Business, management and public administration	0	0	10	7,445	2,450	4,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	1,300	245	1,060
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10	0	0	6,135	2,200	3,930
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	1,780	1,015	765
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	735	305	425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	170	85	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	760	560	195
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	105	50	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	1,085	635	445
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	820	545	280
25. Library science	0	0	0	90	10	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	160	85	80
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	15	10	0	9,615	8,940	675
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	185	140	45
14. Engineering	0	0	0	1,295	1,115	185
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	0	0	0	2,885	2,575	310
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	1,710	1,670	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	2,370	2,315	55
48. Precision production	0	0	0	1,165	1,125	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	570	355	215
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	0	0	0	185	110	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	380	250	135
Health and related fields	0	0	0	7,795	1,495	6,295
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	625	325	300
51. Health professions and related programs	0	0	0	6,960	1,025	5,935
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	210	145	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	10	2,855	1,500	1,350
12. Personal and culinary services	0	0	10	1,470	480	990
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	15	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	815	485	330
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	10	0	550	520	30
Other	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	70	40	30	48,020	23,550	24,470
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	40	15	20	16,570	8,590	7,985
Education	10	0	0	1,525	365	1,155
13. Education	10	0	0	1,520	370	1,155
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	710	360	355
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	185	120	65
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	525	235	285
Humanities	0	0	0	1,425	530	895
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	155	20	140
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	305	80	225
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	360	150	210
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	115	45	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	75	40	30
54. History	0	0	0	300	180	125
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	95	15	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	10	0	4,115	1,330	2,790
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	70	20	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	520	190	335
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	845	90	755
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	725	280	445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	120	40	90
42. Psychology	0	10	0	670	110	565
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	1,160	605	555
Business, management and public administration	0	0	0	5,810	1,895	3,915
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	1,105	210	895
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	0	0	0	4,690	1,675	3,015
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	1,345	745	600
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	565	250	315
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	115	50	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	575	400	170
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	80	40	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	10	930	540	390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	710	460	250
25. Library science	0	0	0	80	10	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	125	70	60
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10	10	0	7,100	6,555	540
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	145	115	35
14. Engineering	0	0	0	985	840	145
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10	10	0	2,160	1,900	265
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	1,175	1,150	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,795	1,770	30
48. Precision production	0	0	0	820	785	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	470	295	175
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	0	0	0	155	90	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	10	0	320	205	110
Health and related fields	0	0	0	5,790	1,145	4,645
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	450	240	210
51. Health professions and related programs	0	0	0	5,150	780	4,370
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	190	125	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	2,230	1,190	1,040
12. Personal and culinary services	0	0	0	1,125	380	750
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	685	415	270
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	420	400	20
Other	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	10	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	105	60	45	76,040	36,360	39,680
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65	35	30	34,390	16,395	17,995
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40	25	15	41,655	19,965	21,690
Location of study inside Canada	40	25	15	39,265	18,680	20,590
Same as province or territory of residence	40	20	15	37,525	17,760	19,765
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	1,740	915	820
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	0	0	0	2,390	1,290	1,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	555	320	240
Philippines	0	0	0	120	55	60
India	0	0	0	280	140	140
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	295	165	130
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	40	10	35
France	0	0	0	35	25	15
Other	0	0	0	1,065	570	490
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	70	35	30	48,020	23,550	24,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	15	20	16,575	8,595	7,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	35	20	15	31,445	14,960	16,490
Location of study inside Canada	35	20	15	29,810	14,130	15,680
Same as province or territory of residence	35	20	10	28,560	13,485	15,075
Different than province or territory of residence	10	0	0	1,255	645	610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	0	0	0	1,630	825	805
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	370	195	170
Philippines	0	0	0	100	45	55
India	0	0	0	230	115	110
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	160	90	70
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	40	10	30
France	0	0	0	25	15	10
Other	0	0	0	710	355	360
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	105	60	45	76,040	36,360	39,680
In the labour force	80	45	35	46,230	23,440	22,790
Employed	50	30	20	42,180	21,075	21,100
Unemployed	25	15	15	4,055	2,365	1,685
Not in the labour force	30	15	15	29,805	12,920	16,895
Participation rate	76.2	75.0	77.8	60.8	64.5	57.4
Employment rate	47.6	50.0	44.4	55.5	58.0	53.2
Unemployment rate	31.2	33.3	42.9	8.8	10.1	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	105	60	45	76,040	36,360	39,680
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	35	20	15	27,905	11,970	15,940
Worked	70	45	30	48,135	24,390	23,740
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	20	10	10	24,275	13,255	11,025
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	50	30	25	23,855	11,140	12,720
Average weeks worked in reference year	26.6	25.6	28.1	42.4	42.6	42.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	75	45	30	46,235	23,440	22,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	10	0	1,105	585	520
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	65	35	25	45,125	22,855	22,275
Employee	65	35	30	41,580	20,585	20,995
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	0	0	0	3,550	2,270	1,280
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	75	45	30	46,235	23,445	22,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	10	0	1,100	585	520
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	65	35	30	45,130	22,860	22,270
0 Management occupations	10	0	0	4,075	2,495	1,580
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	0	0	0	7,245	1,955	5,290
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	0	0	2,765	2,180	590
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	4,100	870	3,230
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	0	5,660	1,785	3,875
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	1,065	495	575
6 Sales and service occupations	15	0	10	11,610	5,050	6,565
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	0	0	0	6,275	5,985	295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15	10	10	1,480	1,375	105
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	845	680	170
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	75	45	30	46,235	23,445	22,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	0	10	1,100	585	520
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	65	35	30	45,130	22,860	22,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	25	20	10	170	105	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	2,525	2,210	315
22 Utilities	0	0	0	265	180	85
23 Construction	0	0	0	2,905	2,590	310
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	1,835	1,525	310
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	1,545	1,255	295
44-45 Retail trade	0	0	0	5,890	2,770	3,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	10	0	1,500	1,175	330
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	835	445	390
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	1,335	530	805
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	905	575	340
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	2,480	1,320	1,160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	50	35	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	2,150	1,260	890
61 Educational services	0	0	0	3,960	1,360	2,605
62 Health care and social assistance	10	0	0	6,940	1,260	5,680
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	805	410	390
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	3,710	1,525	2,180
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	1,930	925	1,010
91 Public administration	15	0	10	3,385	1,410	1,980
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	50	30	20	42,180	21,070	21,105
Worked at home	0	0	0	1,780	835	940
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	50	30	25
No fixed workplace address	20	15	10	4,245	3,090	1,155
Worked at usual place	30	10	15	36,105	17,120	18,990
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	30	10	15	36,100	17,120	18,985
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25	10	10	34,960	16,370	18,590
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	1,025	650	375
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	115	100	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	50	30	25	40,345	20,205	20,140
Car, truck, van - as a driver	35	20	10	31,540	16,440	15,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	15	0	10	2,730	1,055	1,675
Public transit	0	0	0	2,870	1,185	1,685
Walked	10	0	0	2,520	1,085	1,430
Bicycle	0	0	0	210	140	70
Other method	0	0	0	485	300	190
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	50	30	25	40,345	20,205	20,140
Less than 15 minutes	20	10	10	16,610	7,770	8,840
15 to 29 minutes	10	10	0	16,810	8,310	8,500
30 to 44 minutes	10	10	10	4,365	2,430	1,935
45 to 59 minutes	10	10	0	1,455	935	520
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	1,105	755	350
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	50	30	20	40,350	20,210	20,145
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	2,440	1,955	480
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	0	0	0	6,890	4,220	2,670
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10	0	0	11,960	5,930	6,030
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	15	10	8,840	3,490	5,360
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	0	0	10	3,965	1,530	2,440
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	10	6,255	3,090	3,165
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	75	40	30	49,555	25,100	24,455
Single responses	75	45	30	48,205	24,615	23,595
Official languages	70	40	30	48,070	24,540	23,530
English	70	40	25	46,325	24,070	22,260
French	0	0	0	1,745	470	1,265
Non-official languages	0	0	0	135	70	65
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	135	70	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	30	10	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	15	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Chinese languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Cantonese	0	0	0	35	20	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	1,350	485	865
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	450	825
English and non-official language	0	0	0	70	25	40
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	70	40	30	49,555	25,100	24,455
None	60	40	25	41,070	21,445	19,620
English	0	10	0	1,075	320	760
French	0	10	0	6,995	3,090	3,910
Non-official language	0	0	0	365	210	150
Aboriginal	0	0	0	45	20	25
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	320	195	125
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	20	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	130	70	60	88,070	42,450	45,620
Non-movers	120	65	55	75,895	36,710	39,185
Movers	10	10	0	12,175	5,740	6,430
Non-migrants	10	0	10	9,275	4,315	4,960
Migrants	0	0	0	2,900	1,425	1,470
Internal migrants	0	0	0	2,580	1,220	1,360
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	2,245	1,070	1,175
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	340	150	185
External migrants	0	0	0	320	205	115
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	130	70	60	84,450	40,540	43,910
Non-movers	95	50	50	51,705	24,775	26,930
Movers	35	20	10	32,745	15,765	16,985
Non-migrants	35	20	10	24,170	11,585	12,585
Migrants	10	10	0	8,570	4,180	4,395
Internal migrants	0	0	0	7,370	3,560	3,810
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	6,490	3,065	3,425
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	875	495	380
External migrants	0	0	0	1,205	615	590

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Pabineau 11, IRI [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Sudbury [Federal electoral district], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pabineau 11, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Sudbury [Federal electoral district], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Pabineau 11, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Sudbury [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pabineau 11, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Sudbury [Federal electoral district], Ontario