Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kirkland, V Quebec [Census subdivision]			Wood Buffalo Alberta [Census agglomeration]
	Data quality , Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	20,151	...	...	73,320	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	21,253	...	...	66,896	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-5.2	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	6,779	...	...	31,393	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	6,682	...	...	26,225	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,092.8	...	...	1.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9.63	...	...	61,871.37	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	20,150	9,765	10,385	73,325	39,440	33,880
0 to 14 years	3,100	1,580	1,520	14,705	7,590	7,115
0 to 4 years	705	350	350	6,145	3,170	2,970
5 to 9 years	1,100	565	535	4,815	2,450	2,370
10 to 14 years	1,290	665	630	3,745	1,970	1,775
15 to 64 years	13,750	6,610	7,145	56,545	30,705	25,840
15 to 19 years	1,655	835	815	3,585	1,915	1,670
20 to 24 years	1,590	805	790	4,695	2,435	2,265
25 to 29 years	880	450	430	7,905	4,060	3,840
30 to 34 years	705	320	385	8,920	4,745	4,175
35 to 39 years	930	445	480	7,265	3,855	3,415
40 to 44 years	1,090	480	605	6,035	3,360	2,675
45 to 49 years	1,565	690	875	5,535	3,040	2,495
50 to 54 years	1,995	970	1,020	5,530	3,130	2,405
55 to 59 years	1,890	930	960	4,555	2,680	1,875
60 to 64 years	1,460	680	785	2,520	1,485	1,040
65 years and over	3,300	1,575	1,725	2,075	1,140	930
65 to 69 years	1,260	635	620	1,110	650	460
70 to 74 years	785	395	390	455	250	205
75 to 79 years	540	265	275	270	140	125
80 to 84 years	365	175	185	155	60	95
85 years and over	350	105	250	90	40	40
85 to 89 years	225	70	150	75	35	30
90 to 94 years	105	30	75	15	5	5
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	5	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	16.2	14.6	20.1	19.2	21.0
15 to 64 years	68.2	67.7	68.8	77.1	77.9	76.3
65 years and over	16.4	16.1	16.6	2.8	2.9	2.7
85 years and over	1.7	1.1	2.4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Average age of the population	41.9	41.1	42.5	33.0	33.7	32.3
Median age of the population	45.5	44.6	46.2	33.1	33.8	32.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Single-detached house	5,790	...	...	13,360	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...	580	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	680	...	...	9,735	...	...
Semi-detached house	70	...	...	1,235	...	...
Row house	570	...	...	2,835	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	35	...	...	5,240	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	2,555	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
1 person	805	...	...	6,060	...	...
2 persons	2,040	...	...	7,575	...	...
3 persons	1,355	...	...	4,795	...	...
4 persons	1,715	...	...	4,255	...	...
5 or more persons	765	...	...	3,540	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,930	...	...	73,210	...	...
Average household size	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	17,050	8,185	8,870	58,615	31,845	26,770
Married or living common law	10,680	5,315	5,365	34,645	17,890	16,750
Married	9,815	4,885	4,925	28,095	14,605	13,490
Living common law	870	430	440	6,550	3,285	3,265
Not married and not living common law	6,370	2,865	3,505	23,970	13,950	10,020
Never married	4,750	2,445	2,300	19,545	11,695	7,845
Separated	185	65	120	1,720	1,025	690
Divorced	720	220	495	2,005	1,050	955
Widowed	720	135	590	705	180	530
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,965	...	...	18,220	...	...
2 persons	2,250	...	...	7,945	...	...
3 persons	1,385	...	...	4,375	...	...
4 persons	1,715	...	...	3,915	...	...
5 or more persons	610	...	...	1,990	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,965	...	...	18,220	...	...
Total couple families	5,280	...	...	15,435	...	...
Married couples	4,845	...	...	12,160	...	...
Common-law couples	435	...	...	3,275	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	685	...	...	2,785	...	...
Female parent	525	...	...	1,810	...	...
Male parent	170	...	...	975	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	5,275	...	...	15,435	...	...
Couples without children	1,875	...	...	6,335	...	...
Couples with children	3,405	...	...	9,095	...	...
1 child	1,145	...	...	3,585	...	...
2 children	1,665	...	...	3,680	...	...
3 or more children	600	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	685	...	...	2,790	...	...
1 child	380	...	...	1,610	...	...
2 children	240	...	...	795	...	...
3 or more children	65	...	...	390	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,230	425	805	17,755	11,315	6,440
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
One-census-family households	5,690	...	...	16,285	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,740	...	...	5,625	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	3,950	...	...	10,660	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	140	...	...	940	...	...
Non-census-family households	860	...	...	9,000	...	...
One-person households	805	...	...	6,065	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	55	...	...	2,940	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	19,930	9,720	10,215	73,275	39,415	33,860
English only	3,775	1,850	1,920	67,455	36,420	31,035
French only	535	190	340	150	70	80
English and French	15,295	7,535	7,760	5,050	2,630	2,415
Neither English nor French	335	140	190	625	290	335
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	19,930	9,720	10,215	73,280	39,420	33,865
English	13,315	6,575	6,740	70,415	37,850	32,570
French	4,620	2,185	2,435	1,875	1,075	800
English and French	1,665	820	850	400	225	170
Neither English nor French	320	135	190	590	270	320
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,150	6,985	7,160	2,070	1,185	890
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	71.0	71.9	70.1	2.8	3.0	2.6
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	19,930	9,720	10,215	73,280	39,415	33,865
Single responses	18,885	9,200	9,685	72,065	38,770	33,290
Official languages	12,080	5,895	6,185	57,250	31,125	26,125
English	8,180	4,045	4,130	55,365	30,065	25,305
French	3,905	1,850	2,055	1,880	1,055	825
Non-official languages	6,805	3,305	3,500	14,815	7,650	7,170
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	835	405	425
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	465	230	235
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	5	445	215	230
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	430	210	215
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	360	175	185
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	365	175	190
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	355	175	185
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,800	3,300	3,500	13,985	7,240	6,740
Afro-Asiatic languages	740	380	360	2,665	1,605	1,055
Berber languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	800	520	275
Bilen	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oromo	0	0	0	60	25	35
Somali	0	0	0	725	485	240
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages	740	380	360	1,845	1,070	775
Amharic	5	0	5	455	265	185
Arabic	720	370	355	1,270	730	550
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	10	10	5	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	90	55	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	50	50	70	25	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	10	5	10
Vietnamese	90	45	45	55	20	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	30	55	3,195	1,360	1,835
Bikol	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	20	5	15
Ilocano	5	0	5	70	20	45
Malagasy	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	25	5	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	45	2,915	1,245	1,670
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	25
Creole languages	70	30	35	40	25	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	30	25	20	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	10
Dravidian languages	80	40	35	360	200	165
Kannada	5	5	5	15	10	5
Malayalam	20	10	10	145	80	65
Tamil	55	30	25	125	70	55
Telugu	0	0	0	75	35	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,480	2,170	2,315	5,710	3,035	2,680
Albanian	5	0	5	20	15	5
Armenian	110	55	55	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	655	310	350	565	285	280
Baltic languages	10	0	5	20	5	15
Latvian	0	0	5	10	5	10
Lithuanian	10	5	5	10	0	5
Slavic languages	645	305	340	550	280	265
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	5	10	10	5
Bulgarian	35	20	15	25	15	15
Croatian	35	20	20	20	10	10
Czech	20	10	15	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Polish	200	85	115	135	75	60
Russian	195	95	105	160	75	85
Serbian	5	0	0	60	35	30
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	5	5	0
Slovak	25	10	10	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10	10	5	5
Ukrainian	90	45	50	80	35	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	220	100	120	410	230	180
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	80	90
Danish	0	0	0	5	10	0
Dutch	25	15	10	70	45	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	175	80	95	150	95	60
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	5	0	5	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	440	220	220	20	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages	830	410	420	3,595	1,940	1,660
Indo-Aryan languages	520	255	270	3,365	1,810	1,560
Bengali	35	20	15	240	125	115
Gujarati	110	50	55	1,070	575	495
Hindi	55	20	35	420	225	195
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	65	35	30
Nepali	0	0	0	35	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	105	110	425	250	175
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Urdu	105	50	55	1,035	540	495
Iranian languages	305	155	150	215	120	95
Kurdish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	75	40	35
Persian (Farsi)	300	150	150	125	75	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	20	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages	2,225	1,075	1,150	1,085	545	545
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,550	760	795	30	15	15
Portuguese	155	70	85	135	65	70
Romanian	155	75	80	110	65	50
Spanish	360	165	195	800	400	405
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15	25	5	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Georgian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Korean	65	30	35	160	75	80
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	785	410	375
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	70	35	40
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	25	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	10	5
Igbo	0	5	0	50	25	25
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	30	15	10
Shona	0	0	0	120	60	60
Swahili	0	5	0	70	45	30
Wolof	5	0	0	10	5	5
Yoruba	0	5	0	105	50	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	285	140	150
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	80	60	20
Dinka	0	0	0	35	30	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10
Sign languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,005	490	515	680	345	340
Chinese languages	1,010	490	520	675	335	340
Cantonese	215	105	115	125	65	60
Hakka	10	0	5	10	0	5
Mandarin	740	365	380	335	165	170
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	195	100	95
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	50	5	45
Lao	5	0	0	10	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	35	20	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	40	20	20	25	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uralic languages	75	40	40	60	35	30
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	5	5	0
Hungarian	70	40	35	50	30	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	25	20	10
Multiple responses	1,045	520	530	1,215	650	565
English and French	410	195	215	145	70	70
English and non-official language	330	165	160	975	515	455
French and non-official language	145	80	65	75	45	20
English, French and non-official language	165	75	90	30	15	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,275	39,415	33,865
Single responses	18,495	9,020	9,475	71,015	38,240	32,775
Official languages	15,575	7,610	7,960	62,470	33,720	28,750
English	12,320	6,075	6,250	61,440	33,130	28,310
French	3,245	1,535	1,710	1,030	590	440
Non-official languages	2,925	1,405	1,520	8,550	4,520	4,030
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	240	110	135
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	100	45	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	100	45	55
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	40	60
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	140	60	75
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	140	60	75
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	140	65	75
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,920	1,405	1,515	8,305	4,415	3,895
Afro-Asiatic languages	350	175	180	1,845	1,085	760
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	570	365	205
Bilen	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oromo	0	0	0	35	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	535	345	185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	355	175	180	1,265	715	550
Amharic	0	0	0	320	185	130
Arabic	350	175	180	865	480	380
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	80	45	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	20	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	5
Vietnamese	45	25	25	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	1,570	750	820
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	25
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	1,485	710	775
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Creole languages	35	10	20	15	15	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	0	5
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	265	135	125
Kannada	5	5	5	10	5	5
Malayalam	5	5	5	85	40	45
Tamil	30	15	15	105	55	45
Telugu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,490	695	790	3,535	1,860	1,675
Albanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Armenian	45	20	25	0	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	150	150	255	130	120
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	300	145	150	250	130	120
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	20	10	10
Croatian	15	5	10	5	0	5
Czech	10	0	5	5	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	70	30	35	40	25	15
Russian	140	70	70	100	50	50
Serbian	0	5	0	50	25	25
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	25	20	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	145	75	70
Afrikaans	0	0	0	100	50	55
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	5	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	15	10	25	20	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	75	40	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	505	245	260	2,500	1,320	1,185
Indo-Aryan languages	295	140	150	2,345	1,230	1,110
Bengali	15	5	10	150	75	75
Gujarati	65	35	35	800	415	380
Hindi	25	15	10	305	165	135
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5	50	25	20
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	65	60	265	155	115
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	45	25	20
Urdu	60	25	30	715	360	355
Iranian languages	215	105	110	150	85	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	60	30	25
Persian (Farsi)	215	100	110	90	45	40
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	525	225	295	625	325	295
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	170	75	100	0	5	0
Portuguese	35	15	20	65	30	35
Romanian	120	55	65	65	35	25
Spanish	195	85	115	485	255	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5	10	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Korean	45	25	25	115	60	55
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	375	195	180
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	15	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	5	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	25	10	10
Shona	0	0	0	75	30	40
Swahili	0	0	0	40	25	5
Wolof	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	10	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	70	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	50	35	15
Dinka	0	0	0	20	15	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	10
Sign languages	5	0	0	15	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	825	415	410	405	210	195
Chinese languages	820	415	410	400	210	195
Cantonese	130	65	70	60	30	25
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mandarin	655	335	320	220	115	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	115	60	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	0	10	0	5
Lao	5	0	5	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	15	5	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	25	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hungarian	20	5	10	20	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5
Multiple responses	1,430	700	735	2,260	1,175	1,085
English and French	425	210	215	125	65	60
English and non-official language	605	300	300	2,045	1,050	1,000
French and non-official language	145	70	75	30	20	10
English, French and non-official language	265	120	145	55	35	20
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	19,930	9,720	10,215	73,275	39,420	33,860
None	12,805	6,305	6,500	64,615	34,995	29,625
English	2,120	1,010	1,105	3,545	1,855	1,695
French	2,245	1,100	1,145	785	415	370
Non-official language	2,125	990	1,140	4,205	2,090	2,110
Aboriginal	5	5	0	765	390	375
Non-Aboriginal	2,125	985	1,135	3,440	1,695	1,740
English and French	235	125	115	20	10	10
English and non-official language	75	40	40	70	35	35
French and non-official language	320	150	170	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,505	31,790	26,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	15,960	7,730	8,230	55,280	30,370	24,900
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,210	49,024	33,896	76,004	118,477	44,846
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	15,965	7,730	8,230	55,280	30,375	24,905
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,754	41,466	29,819	62,238	91,221	39,546
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,920	7,325	7,595	51,660	29,620	22,035
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,504	46,933	29,836	82,017	121,092	48,832
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,755	4,570	6,185	24,620	8,960	15,665
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,328	3,122	5,019	2,407	1,736	2,644
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	12,200	6,185	6,010	49,400	28,805	20,595
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,794	46,093	31,950	83,961	121,530	50,887
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,505	31,790	26,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,935	7,725	8,215	55,325	30,455	24,870
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,660	75,855	46,376	98,770	130,045	60,473
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,940	7,725	8,215	55,335	30,455	24,885
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,175	55,854	37,071	74,967	96,485	48,632
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,045	7,370	7,670	51,775	29,710	22,065
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,985	75,226	43,382	103,007	131,746	64,316
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,750	4,590	6,160	24,315	8,845	15,470
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,387	6,810	7,818	5,417	5,296	5,486
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	12,200	6,170	6,030	49,400	28,835	20,565
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,860	73,052	44,338	102,437	129,422	64,597
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,505	31,790	26,715
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	5,845	3,260	2,585	30,645	19,640	11,010
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,635	77,139	58,871	105,652	138,152	69,179
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	87,937	102,963	69,008	121,682	143,698	82,413
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.0	94.7	87.7	97.6	98.8	94.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.2	77.8	71.0	93.1	94.8	88.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.9	5.2	12.3	2.4	1.2	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	16,830	8,135	8,700	58,505	31,790	26,715
Without total income	875	410	465	3,230	1,415	1,815
With total income	15,960	7,730	8,230	55,275	30,375	24,900
Percentage with total income	94.8	95.0	94.6	94.5	95.5	93.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,490	1,045	1,450	6,930	1,965	4,965
$10,000 to $19,999	2,390	980	1,410	3,825	1,405	2,420
$20,000 to $29,999	1,635	700	935	3,505	1,195	2,305
$30,000 to $39,999	1,420	605	815	3,140	1,245	1,895
$40,000 to $49,999	1,375	580	795	2,925	1,080	1,845
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	500	660	2,950	1,195	1,760
$60,000 to $69,999	945	450	495	2,870	1,255	1,615
$70,000 to $79,999	820	405	420	2,430	1,185	1,245
$80,000 to $89,999	635	320	315	2,200	1,120	1,085
$90,000 to $99,999	500	290	205	2,220	1,245	980
$100,000 and over	2,580	1,850	730	22,280	17,480	4,795
$100,000 to $149,999	1,400	950	455	8,305	5,480	2,825
$150,000 and over	1,180	900	275	13,975	12,005	1,965
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,505	31,795	26,715
Without after-tax income	870	400	465	3,225	1,415	1,810
With after-tax income	15,965	7,730	8,235	55,280	30,375	24,905
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	95.0	94.7	94.5	95.5	93.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,645	1,080	1,565	6,985	1,985	5,005
$10,000 to $19,999	2,490	1,030	1,455	4,050	1,485	2,570
$20,000 to $29,999	1,955	840	1,115	4,095	1,415	2,685
$30,000 to $39,999	1,900	800	1,100	3,820	1,520	2,300
$40,000 to $49,999	1,630	705	925	4,105	1,630	2,480
$50,000 to $59,999	1,315	640	675	3,840	1,725	2,120
$60,000 to $69,999	985	515	470	3,305	1,625	1,680
$70,000 to $79,999	690	410	275	3,090	1,785	1,310
$80,000 and over	2,360	1,700	655	21,970	17,210	4,760
$80,000 to $89,999	570	380	190	3,010	1,830	1,175
$90,000 to $99,999	385	275	115	2,440	1,605	835
$100,000 and over	1,400	1,050	355	16,530	13,780	2,750
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,510	31,790	26,715
Without employment income	4,630	1,945	2,685	9,110	2,990	6,120
With employment income	12,200	6,190	6,010	49,400	28,805	20,595
Percentage with employment income	72.5	76.1	69.1	84.4	90.6	77.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,690	835	855	3,005	1,135	1,870
$5,000 to $9,999	1,095	460	630	1,820	685	1,135
$10,000 to $19,999	1,555	730	825	3,210	1,235	1,975
$20,000 to $29,999	1,055	475	580	2,875	1,035	1,840
$30,000 to $39,999	905	385	515	2,845	1,150	1,700
$40,000 to $49,999	885	345	540	2,675	1,030	1,650
$50,000 to $59,999	810	335	470	2,680	1,090	1,590
$60,000 to $69,999	645	280	365	2,545	1,100	1,445
$70,000 to $79,999	595	280	310	2,220	1,085	1,130
$80,000 and over	2,975	2,065	910	25,525	19,260	6,265
$80,000 to $89,999	450	255	195	2,090	1,120	975
$90,000 to $99,999	395	245	155	2,090	1,185	905
$100,000 and over	2,125	1,565	555	21,340	16,955	4,385
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	6,685	...	...	26,225	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	115,381	...	...	193,511	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	93,429	...	...	146,797	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	805	...	...	6,065	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,448	...	...	104,212	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,706	...	...	81,530	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	5,880	...	...	20,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,256	...	...	218,924	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,524	...	...	167,111	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	144,676	...	...	208,372	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	110,162	...	...	158,190	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	820	...	...	4,895	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,031	...	...	126,788	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,940	...	...	93,987	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	5,860	...	...	21,330	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	156,510	...	...	227,106	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	119,141	...	...	172,933	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	480	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	190	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...	280	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	120	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	235	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	125	...	...	245	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	150	...	...	280	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	155	...	...	245	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	160	...	...	310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	360	...	...	550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	380	...	...	640	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...	560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	370	...	...	650	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	375	...	...	620	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,830	...	...	20,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	785	...	...	1,820	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	690	...	...	1,810	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	995	...	...	4,340	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,360	...	...	12,470	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	480	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...	300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	135	...	...	310	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	125	...	...	280	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	170	...	...	305	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	185	...	...	380	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	240	...	...	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	485	...	...	795	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	475	...	...	785	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	475	...	...	880	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...	965	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	435	...	...	930	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,060	...	...	18,740	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	955	...	...	2,765	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	680	...	...	3,305	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,425	...	...	12,675	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	5,860	...	...	18,020	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,096	...	...	211,968	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,389	...	...	161,253	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,685	...	...	5,470	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	99,413	...	...	208,740	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,570	...	...	157,776	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,420	...	...	9,105	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	152,795	...	...	229,166	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	120,725	...	...	173,473	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	640	...	...	2,385	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	83,383	...	...	113,562	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	70,246	...	...	95,232	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	5,860	...	...	19,850	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	156,125	...	...	219,468	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,819	...	...	166,759	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,710	...	...	6,790	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	115,510	...	...	215,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,737	...	...	162,237	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,425	...	...	10,100	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	185,858	...	...	236,104	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	139,773	...	...	179,495	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	605	...	...	2,000	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	110,945	...	...	138,994	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	86,903	...	...	108,738	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	905	335	565	13,985	9,090	4,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	46,409	49,792	44,672	82,164	101,970	58,610
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,741	40,960	38,187	65,925	79,104	49,370
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	905	295	610	10,855	7,480	3,375
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	57,337	68,760	51,765	102,017	113,869	75,726
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,052	50,112	41,095	77,182	84,943	59,965
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,215	39,380	33,830
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,960	2,810	3,150	12,465	6,070	6,395
In the bottom decile	785	365	420	3,950	2,000	1,945
In the second decile	875	415	460	2,035	895	1,135
In the third decile	1,125	525	605	1,945	935	1,010
In the fourth decile	1,425	685	745	2,020	995	1,025
In the fifth decile	1,740	820	920	2,520	1,245	1,275
In the top half of the distribution	13,970	6,910	7,060	60,745	33,315	27,430
In the sixth decile	1,805	885	920	2,900	1,475	1,420
In the seventh decile	2,260	1,105	1,160	3,800	1,930	1,870
In the eighth decile	2,580	1,320	1,260	5,965	3,140	2,825
In the ninth decile	3,080	1,500	1,585	11,180	5,955	5,225
In the top decile	4,245	2,110	2,140	36,900	20,815	16,090
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	19,930	9,720	10,210	71,475	38,495	32,980
0 to 17 years	3,990	2,030	1,965	16,265	8,440	7,820
0 to 5 years	905	450	450	6,945	3,565	3,385
18 to 64 years	12,840	6,155	6,680	53,335	29,025	24,315
65 years and over	3,100	1,535	1,565	1,875	1,035	850
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,195	560	640	3,175	1,560	1,610
0 to 17 years	285	140	145	1,055	555	495
0 to 5 years	50	20	30	445	220	225
18 to 64 years	710	330	375	1,985	940	1,045
65 years and over	200	85	115	135	65	75
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	5.8	6.3	4.4	4.1	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	6.9	7.4	6.5	6.6	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	4.4	6.7	6.4	6.2	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.4	5.6	3.7	3.2	4.3
65 years and over (%)	6.5	5.5	7.3	7.2	6.3	8.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	875	400	470	3,150	1,635	1,520
0 to 17 years	210	100	110	795	415	375
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	310	145	165
18 to 64 years	540	250	290	2,280	1,170	1,110
65 years and over	115	50	70	80	45	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.1	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	4.9	5.6	4.9	4.9	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.3	4.4	4.5	4.1	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.6
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.3	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,210	39,380	33,830
Official languages	19,670	9,605	10,055	72,590	39,090	33,500
English	19,115	9,400	9,720	72,480	39,040	33,440
French	15,890	7,780	8,110	5,135	2,705	2,435
Non-official languages	9,245	4,430	4,810	19,285	9,855	9,430
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,430	705	730
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	900	450	455
Blackfoot	0	0	0	20	10	15
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	860	435	425
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	825	420	410
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	550	265	285
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	550	260	290
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	545	265	285
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	15	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,240	4,425	4,810	17,865	9,160	8,700
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,220	615	605	3,240	1,930	1,310
Berber languages	15	0	0	50	30	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	30	15	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	625	400	225
Bilen	0	0	0	30	20	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	595	375	215
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,220	615	605	2,640	1,540	1,100
Amharic	15	10	10	550	320	225
Arabic	1,145	575	565	1,830	1,035	800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hebrew	65	30	35	25	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	240	170	75
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	50	70	90	40	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Vietnamese	115	45	65	60	25	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	50	90	4,465	1,955	2,505
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	135	65	65
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	30	15	10
Ilocano	10	0	10	140	60	80
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	85	45	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	55	75	4,245	1,855	2,395
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	195	75	120	120	70	55
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	45	100	80	50	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	45	20	25
Dravidian languages	105	50	60	540	305	235
Kannada	20	10	10	25	15	10
Malayalam	40	15	20	205	110	95
Tamil	55	30	25	235	135	100
Telugu	15	10	0	85	45	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,350	3,065	3,290	7,160	3,760	3,400
Albanian	10	10	0	0	10	0
Armenian	125	75	50	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	865	400	465	725	320	405
Baltic languages	20	0	10	10	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Slavic languages	850	390	455	715	315	400
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	10	20	0	15
Bulgarian	85	50	35	30	10	15
Croatian	25	25	10	55	15	40
Czech	40	10	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Polish	270	105	160	180	90	90
Russian	280	130	155	240	105	140
Serbian	25	15	10	110	50	55
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	15	10	0
Ukrainian	120	60	65	105	35	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	520	225	290	600	340	265
Afrikaans	0	0	0	200	100	100
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dutch	30	25	0	110	80	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	470	200	270	305	170	135
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Swedish	10	10	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	715	320	395	50	35	10
Indo-Iranian languages	975	535	445	4,125	2,215	1,910
Indo-Aryan languages	620	320	305	3,990	2,135	1,850
Bengali	40	20	20	220	130	95
Gujarati	100	55	45	1,130	585	545
Hindi	225	110	115	1,125	635	495
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	10	0	10	115	60	50
Nepali	0	0	0	70	50	20
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	285	140	140	640	390	255
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	140	70	75
Urdu	190	100	85	1,335	690	645
Iranian languages	345	210	140	120	65	55
Kurdish	25	10	10	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	40	25	20
Persian (Farsi)	330	200	130	80	45	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	40	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages	3,415	1,625	1,790	1,740	880	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,290	1,110	1,180	145	85	55
Portuguese	170	95	80	140	65	80
Romanian	95	55	40	115	65	50
Spanish	1,090	465	630	1,375	685	685
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Japanese	30	15	15	65	20	40
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Korean	25	10	20	200	90	110
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	40	20	1,195	645	555
Akan (Twi)	10	10	10	90	40	45
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	30	15	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	55	40	15
Igbo	0	0	0	120	65	60
Lingala	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	55	30	25
Shona	0	0	0	140	65	70
Swahili	10	10	0	140	80	60
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	225	135	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	385	200	190
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	45	40	10
Dinka	0	0	0	25	25	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	45	10	35
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	0	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,190	555	635	910	430	485
Chinese languages	1,190	555	635	890	420	475
Cantonese	335	145	190	195	115	85
Hakka	0	0	0	20	10	15
Mandarin	890	430	460	575	250	330
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	10	15	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	25	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20	125	55	65
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	120	45	80
Lao	0	0	0	35	15	20
Thai	0	0	0	75	20	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	0
Turkic languages	45	25	25	65	40	25
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkish	35	25	15	40	25	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Uralic languages	100	65	35	90	65	30
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	80	55	25	90	65	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	19,930	9,715	10,215	73,210	39,385	33,830
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	18,980	9,235	9,745	65,510	35,715	29,795
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,850	1,930	1,925	15,775	8,140	7,640
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,130	7,305	7,825	49,740	27,575	22,165
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	950	485	465	7,695	3,670	4,030
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,210	39,380	33,830
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	14,100	6,845	7,250	55,900	30,395	25,505
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	5,735	2,850	2,890	15,875	8,270	7,605
Before 1981	2,305	1,190	1,115	1,020	655	365
1981 to 1990	825	390	440	920	530	390
1991 to 2000	905	430	470	1,980	1,125	855
2001 to 2010	1,160	550	615	6,960	3,660	3,305
2001 to 2005	705	340	370	2,870	1,505	1,365
2006 to 2010	455	215	240	4,090	2,150	1,940
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	545	290	250	4,995	2,305	2,685
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	95	20	75	1,435	715	720
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	5,735	2,850	2,890	15,875	8,270	7,610
Under 5 years	755	360	395	1,285	740	545
5 to 14 years	1,045	600	445	2,560	1,395	1,165
15 to 24 years	1,215	555	660	3,115	1,630	1,485
25 to 44 years	2,375	1,170	1,205	7,740	3,870	3,865
45 years and over	345	170	185	1,180	640	540
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	5,740	2,850	2,885	15,880	8,270	7,610
Americas	670	315	355	1,615	815	805
Brazil	25	0	20	60	20	35
Colombia	50	20	35	60	30	30
El Salvador	10	10	0	70	35	35
Guyana	45	20	25	20	15	10
Haiti	60	20	45	50	35	15
Jamaica	50	30	30	235	125	105
Mexico	75	40	40	105	35	65
Peru	25	10	15	60	25	35
Trinidad and Tobago	55	25	30	85	45	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	160	100	65	385	200	180
Other places of birth in Americas	95	45	50	485	240	245
Europe	1,810	945	870	1,660	960	700
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	55	30	20
Croatia	20	15	10	10	0	15
France	125	50	75	30	10	20
Germany	150	60	90	140	95	40
Greece	140	75	65	0	0	0
Hungary	35	20	15	70	55	25
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	90	30	65
Italy	450	235	215	50	40	10
Netherlands	15	20	0	60	45	15
Poland	110	50	65	85	30	55
Portugal	45	25	20	40	30	10
Romania	90	50	40	105	55	45
Russian Federation	75	35	35	55	40	15
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	20	15	45	15	25
Ukraine	50	20	30	70	25	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	185	110	75	545	350	195
Other places of birth in Europe	250	140	115	205	105	95
Africa	865	415	450	3,100	1,825	1,275
Algeria	70	45	25	50	25	25
Egypt	500	230	275	45	30	15
Ethiopia	15	10	10	495	285	210
Kenya	10	10	10	95	35	60
Morocco	75	35	40	100	70	35
Nigeria	10	10	0	425	260	170
Somalia	0	0	0	465	320	145
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	185	100	85
Other places of birth in Africa	180	95	90	1,235	705	535
Asia	2,370	1,170	1,200	9,295	4,565	4,730
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bangladesh	35	20	20	95	45	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	650	330	320	475	205	270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	55	60	70	40	30
India	400	220	180	2,195	1,195	1,000
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	265	150	115	60	35	20
Iraq	10	0	10	20	20	0
Japan	10	0	10	30	10	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	0	155	60	100
Lebanon	185	95	95	420	225	200
Pakistan	95	40	55	975	560	415
Philippines	115	50	70	3,580	1,525	2,050
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	285	160	125
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	40	10	30	80	45	35
Taiwan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Viet Nam	80	35	45	60	30	30
Other places of birth in Asia	315	145	175	735	390	345
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	10	210	110	100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	540	290	250	4,995	2,305	2,690
Americas	55	40	15	430	210	220
Brazil	15	0	10	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	20	0	20
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	10	0	10	35	35	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	60	20	40
Mexico	0	0	0	15	0	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30	30	0	95	45	45
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	155	100	55
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	35	15	25
Europe	45	30	15	300	160	140
France	10	10	0	10	10	0
Germany	10	10	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	55	15	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	15	15	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0	25	0	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	80	65	15
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	100	60	45
Africa	55	25	30	1,005	470	540
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	15	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	10	0	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	55	25	30	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	165	120	45
Ethiopia	0	0	0	215	85	125
Morocco	0	0	0	25	10	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	100	55	45
Somalia	0	0	0	85	50	40
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	60	30	25
Tunisia	0	0	0	30	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	290	95	195
Asia	385	200	185	3,180	1,420	1,760
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	10	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	270	150	125	125	55	65
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	10	0	0
India	10	10	10	530	285	245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	45	25	20	25	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	25	0	20
Lebanon	0	0	0	75	35	40
Nepal	0	0	0	25	10	15
Pakistan	0	0	0	220	125	95
Philippines	10	10	0	1,825	765	1,060
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	20	0	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	35	15	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	65	35	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	10	10	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	0	160	50	105
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	80	45	35
Australia	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	60	40	20
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	19,930	9,715	10,210	73,210	39,385	33,830
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	5,965	2,955	3,015	17,525	9,120	8,405
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	5,990	2,885	3,105	8,040	4,500	3,545
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,975	3,880	4,095	47,640	25,765	21,880
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,535	1,730	1,805	14,980	7,690	7,285
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,360	1,250	1,105	8,685	4,640	4,040
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	980	640	340	3,720	2,460	1,265
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,380	615	765	4,965	2,190	2,775
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	890	325	560	4,020	1,640	2,380
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	270	145	130	2,145	1,330	810
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	0	0	130	70	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	19,930	9,715	10,215	73,210	39,380	33,830
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	100	40	60	8,215	4,285	3,935
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	95	45	50	8,045	4,180	3,865
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	70	30	35	5,295	2,705	2,590
Métis	15	0	15	2,620	1,415	1,205
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	130	65	70
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	25	15	15
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	0	10	145	90	60
Non-Aboriginal identity	19,825	9,675	10,150	64,995	35,100	29,895
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,210	39,385	33,830
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	30	10	20	4,725	2,420	2,310
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,900	9,705	10,190	68,490	36,960	31,525
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,210	39,380	33,825
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	35	20	10	4,010	2,085	1,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	35	20	15	3,895	2,030	1,870
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	30	15	10	3,200	1,635	1,570
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	600	345	255
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	95	55	40
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	110	60	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	95	45	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	260	100	160	4,055	2,055	1,995
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	255	100	155	3,850	1,950	1,905
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	210	75	135	2,655	1,345	1,310
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	15	20	1,030	510	525
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	0	160	95	65
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	200	105	95
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	195	105	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	19,635	9,595	10,040	65,150	35,235	29,910
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,215	39,385	33,830
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	4,815	2,375	2,440	19,075	9,950	9,125
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,030	540	490	4,980	2,720	2,265
Chinese	1,440	680	765	955	455	495
Black	535	265	265	4,175	2,410	1,760
Filipino	175	65	105	4,905	2,190	2,715
Latin American	195	85	110	930	480	445
Arab	755	370	385	1,780	1,000	780
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	145	60	85	455	220	240
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	270	160	110	155	90	65
Korean	35	0	30	225	95	125
Japanese	30	10	15	105	55	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	60	35	25	130	70	60
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	150	95	55	270	160	110
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	15,120	7,340	7,775	54,140	29,430	24,710
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	19,930	9,720	10,210	73,210	39,380	33,825
North American Aboriginal origins	290	120	175	8,060	4,145	3,915
First Nations (North American Indian)	240	95	145	6,165	3,140	3,020
Inuit	20	15	10	275	160	115
Métis	35	15	20	1,935	1,010	925
Other North American origins	4,770	2,240	2,535	23,725	12,935	10,785
Acadian	50	10	40	335	175	165
American	255	105	145	600	325	275
Canadian	4,475	2,125	2,345	22,795	12,440	10,360
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	220	135	90
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	135	50	90	45	20	25
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	12,670	6,205	6,465	32,510	17,580	14,930
British Isles origins	4,700	2,235	2,470	22,975	12,395	10,580
Channel Islander	10	0	10	10	10	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,765	850	915	11,810	6,345	5,465
Irish	2,305	1,015	1,285	9,285	4,770	4,520
Manx	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	1,835	910	930	8,915	4,855	4,055
Welsh	170	75	90	695	320	370
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	555	275	275	910	515	395
French origins	3,035	1,450	1,585	5,845	2,955	2,890
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	3,030	1,445	1,580	5,845	2,950	2,890
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,470	720	750	5,985	3,340	2,640
Austrian	110	50	60	275	140	140
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	200	105	95	115	65	45
Dutch	195	105	95	1,425	775	645
Flemish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	910	430	480	4,590	2,600	1,990
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	140	90	50	90	55	35
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	205	85	120	2,010	1,140	870
Danish	35	10	25	285	175	105
Finnish	30	15	15	130	60	65
Icelandic	30	20	10	225	135	90
Norwegian	65	25	35	780	460	315
Swedish	25	10	15	545	285	260
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	10	15	120	70	45
Eastern European origins	2,320	1,140	1,170	4,620	2,435	2,190
Bulgarian	120	75	50	30	10	15
Byelorussian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Czech	90	30	55	60	30	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	30	15	20	100	45	60
Estonian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Hungarian	245	140	100	390	220	175
Latvian	15	0	15	20	10	10
Lithuanian	80	50	30	55	20	40
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	835	380	450	1,200	625	575
Romanian	185	90	95	270	160	110
Russian	425	215	210	725	355	370
Slovak	65	35	25	75	50	25
Ukrainian	535	270	265	2,320	1,210	1,105
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	30	0	30	15	15
Southern European origins	5,440	2,700	2,740	2,335	1,160	1,185
Albanian	15	10	10	10	0	0
Bosnian	30	15	15	55	20	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	55	35	20	75	45	30
Cypriot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Greek	1,080	515	560	155	105	50
Italian	3,815	1,870	1,945	960	490	470
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	0
Maltese	15	10	10	10	0	10
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	290	145	150	275	130	150
Serbian	25	20	10	105	55	55
Sicilian	10	0	10	0	0	10
Slovenian	50	30	25	40	10	25
Spanish	345	215	130	695	325	365
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	25	0	25	50	25	25
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	10	0	15	0	0
Other European origins	115	70	50	225	125	100
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	10
Jewish	95	55	40	30	10	30
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	10	0	10	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	15	15	0	180	115	70
Caribbean origins	385	180	205	655	365	290
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	10	20	15	0
Barbadian	35	15	25	30	10	20
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	10	0	10	10	0
Cuban	10	0	10	25	20	10
Dominican	10	0	0	35	15	20
Grenadian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	175	85	90	60	35	25
Jamaican	110	45	60	335	195	145
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	10	105	50	50
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	10	10	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	10	10	35	35	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	0	25	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	420	215	205	1,065	545	520
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	35	15	20
Arawak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Argentinian	35	30	0	0	10	0
Belizean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	10	10	80	25	55
Chilean	10	0	10	25	15	10
Colombian	90	35	50	140	95	45
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	10	30	20	10
Guyanese	35	10	20	35	30	10
Hispanic	10	10	0	15	10	10
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	100	55	45	160	70	95
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	20	10	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Paraguayan	10	10	0	10	0	10
Peruvian	45	20	30	40	25	15
Salvadorean	15	10	0	60	30	30
Uruguayan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Venezuelan	30	15	10	305	135	170
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	85	50	30
African origins	1,370	690	680	4,315	2,450	1,860
Central and West African origins	95	50	45	865	490	370
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	75	55	25
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	40	20	25	30	20	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	130	65	65
Guinean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	40	30	15
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	10	10	495	275	220
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	60	35	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	10	50	15	30
North African origins	1,080	550	525	450	235	215
Algerian	70	40	30	85	40	50
Berber	25	15	10	15	0	0
Coptic	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	835	405	430	115	60	60
Libyan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maure	0	0	0	25	15	10
Moroccan	110	75	35	90	60	30
Sudanese	0	0	0	35	10	20
Tunisian	0	0	0	40	20	20
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	25	20	10
Southern and East African origins	80	25	55	2,305	1,335	970
Afrikaner	0	0	0	10	10	10
Amhara	0	0	0	30	15	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	275	195	75
Ethiopian	15	10	15	555	305	245
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	70	30	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mauritian	20	0	10	0	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Rwandan	15	0	10	25	20	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	730	445	290
South African	20	0	15	115	70	50
Tanzanian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	75	55	25
Zambian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Zimbabwean	10	10	10	185	90	95
Zulu	10	0	0	10	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	190	95	95
Other African origins	125	65	60	720	405	315
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	30	25	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	130	65	65	705	400	305
Asian origins	4,795	2,380	2,410	13,860	6,985	6,875
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,815	915	900	1,885	1,080	805
Afghan	0	0	0	30	20	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	110	55	50	325	215	115
Armenian	290	145	145	15	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	390	190	200	135	80	55
Iraqi	25	10	20	35	20	15
Israeli	35	15	20	0	0	0
Jordanian	15	10	10	15	0	10
Kazakh	20	15	10	60	25	35
Kurd	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	670	320	350	875	510	365
Palestinian	70	40	35	130	80	50
Pashtun	0	0	0	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Syrian	125	70	55	80	40	40
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	85	60	30	55	30	20
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	95	20	75
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	25	20	20	15	10
South Asian origins	1,130	610	520	5,185	2,825	2,360
Bangladeshi	40	25	20	140	85	55
Bengali	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	875	465	410	3,130	1,700	1,430
Goan	10	0	10	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	60	35	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	15	0	45	20	25
Pakistani	150	90	60	1,165	605	560
Punjabi	55	15	35	230	125	105
Sinhalese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	40	25	20	325	185	140
Tamil	15	0	15	65	45	20
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	125	65	60
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,910	895	1,020	6,805	3,060	3,735
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15	50	30	10
Chinese	1,495	720	770	1,170	555	615
Filipino	210	95	110	5,070	2,270	2,795
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	10	70	35	35
Japanese	30	15	15	125	80	50
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	25	35	235	100	130
Laotian	0	0	0	35	20	20
Malaysian	25	10	15	15	10	15
Mongolian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	40	15	25
Thai	20	10	10	70	15	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	55	70	115	50	65
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other Asian origins	45	15	30	45	30	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	45	15	30	45	35	15
Oceania origins	20	15	10	245	135	115
Australian	0	10	0	130	70	55
New Zealander	20	15	10	75	55	25
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	35	10	30
Fijian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Hawaiian	0	0	0	10	0	15
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Owner	6,310	...	...	17,410	...	...
Renter	370	...	...	8,285	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Condominium	475	...	...	5,980	...	...
Not condominium	6,210	...	...	20,250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	55	...	...
1 bedroom	75	...	...	2,110	...	...
2 bedrooms	460	...	...	5,075	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,895	...	...	8,870	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,250	...	...	10,115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	6,685	...	...	26,225	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	320	...	...	5,635	...	...
5 rooms	415	...	...	4,685	...	...
6 rooms	725	...	...	4,295	...	...
7 rooms	890	...	...	3,450	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,335	...	...	8,160	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.3	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	6,685	...	...	26,225	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,650	...	...	25,635	...	...
More than 1 person per room	35	...	...	595	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Suitable	6,575	...	...	24,615	...	...
Not suitable	105	...	...	1,610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	6,685	...	...	26,225	...	...
1960 or before	125	...	...	180	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,820	...	...	6,310	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,120	...	...	3,125	...	...
1991 to 2000	935	...	...	2,545	...	...
2001 to 2005	455	...	...	4,325	...	...
2006 to 2010	185	...	...	6,360	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	45	...	...	3,380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	6,390	...	...	24,875	...	...
Major repairs needed	295	...	...	1,350	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
1 household maintainer	3,305	...	...	14,495	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,240	...	...	10,560	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	135	...	...	1,170	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	6,680	...	...	26,225	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	960	...	...
25 to 34 years	315	...	...	7,340	...	...
35 to 44 years	865	...	...	6,780	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,845	...	...	6,235	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,830	...	...	3,920	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,160	...	...	795	...	...
75 to 84 years	560	...	...	185	...	...
85 years and over	95	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	6,675	...	...	25,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,655	...	...	22,335	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,020	...	...	3,125	...	...
30% to less than 100%	845	...	...	2,575	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,310	...	...	17,345	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	51.9	...	...	85.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.6	...	...	9.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,158	...	...	2,794	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,374	...	...	2,696	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	489,726	...	...	601,859	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	526,075	...	...	619,344	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	8,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.6	...	...	18.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,093	...	...	1,702	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,240	...	...	1,800	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,505	31,790	26,715
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,430	715	715	6,920	3,860	3,065
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,425	1,555	1,870	17,105	8,790	8,315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,975	5,865	6,110	34,480	19,145	15,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,015	585	430	8,280	6,875	1,405
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	665	370	300	2,805	2,135	670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	350	220	130	5,475	4,745	735
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,640	1,585	2,055	13,540	6,375	7,170
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	660	275	380	1,510	685	830
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,655	3,410	3,245	11,145	5,210	5,930
Bachelor's degree	4,260	2,035	2,230	8,270	3,705	4,565
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	315	275	490	245	245
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	110	55	220	105	120
Master's degree	1,345	735	600	1,960	1,035	925
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	300	215	85	205	135	75
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	10,475	4,960	5,515	48,235	26,250	21,985
No certificate, diploma or degree	285	160	120	3,820	2,200	1,620
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,565	675	890	13,025	6,690	6,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,625	4,120	4,500	31,390	17,360	14,030
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	680	375	300	7,385	6,100	1,280
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	460	235	225	2,525	1,915	605
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	220	150	75	4,860	4,190	675
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,165	950	1,220	12,325	5,820	6,505
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	465	185	275	1,345	600	745
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,310	2,605	2,705	10,335	4,835	5,505
Bachelor's degree	3,415	1,570	1,840	7,600	3,395	4,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	250	215	435	230	210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	70	50	215	100	115
Master's degree	1,070	555	510	1,890	980	905
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	240	160	80	200	120	75
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	16,830	8,135	8,700	58,505	31,790	26,715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,860	2,270	2,585	24,025	12,645	11,380
Education	550	95	450	1,570	360	1,210
13. Education	550	100	450	1,570	355	1,210
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	145	265	600	245	360
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	115	55	60
50. Visual and performing arts	390	130	260	485	190	300
Humanities	665	165	495	1,095	385	705
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	160	10	160	70	15	60
23. English language and literature/letters	85	35	55	185	50	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	70	180	520	135	380
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	10	55	35	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	100	55	45
54. History	65	30	30	150	85	65
55. French language and literature/letters	60	0	65	15	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,685	630	1,055	2,120	580	1,540
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	30	10	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	45	80	205	65	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	195	15	185	590	30	560
22. Legal professions and studies	220	90	130	300	80	220
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	15	10	0	10
42. Psychology	225	60	165	315	75	240
45. Social sciences	890	420	475	675	325	350
Business, management and public administration	3,525	1,685	1,835	6,455	1,665	4,795
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	10	55	325	40	285
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,455	1,675	1,780	6,115	1,615	4,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	970	500	475	1,260	645	615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	135	200	400	185	215
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	170	145	320	145	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	30	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	255	160	100	430	265	170
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	15	105	50	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	685	445	240	985	595	390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	515	355	160	860	545	315
25. Library science	20	0	20	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	75	50	90	50	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	10	20	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,965	1,685	280	13,475	11,965	1,510
04. Architecture and related services	65	40	25	125	85	45
14. Engineering	1,135	930	210	2,765	2,285	480
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	290	265	25	2,155	1,760	390
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	135	135	0	2,795	2,590	205
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	225	10	4,330	4,030	300
48. Precision production	105	100	0	1,300	1,215	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	65	55	615	335	280
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	70	50	15	255	90	160
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	10	35	365	240	120
Health and related fields	1,065	275	785	3,340	615	2,725
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	110	45	60	265	105	160
51. Health professions and related programs	905	205	700	3,030	485	2,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	30	30	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	335	165	165	2,970	1,760	1,205
12. Personal and culinary services	195	50	150	1,095	200	900
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	40	0	330	250	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	70	10	1,545	1,315	225
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	10,475	4,960	5,515	48,230	26,255	21,985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,850	835	1,015	16,845	8,890	7,955
Education	335	45	290	1,410	310	1,095
13. Education	335	45	290	1,405	315	1,095
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	115	170	500	205	295
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	115	50	60
50. Visual and performing arts	265	100	160	380	150	230
Humanities	435	120	320	990	340	650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	110	10	105	65	10	55
23. English language and literature/letters	65	25	40	175	45	125
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	150	45	105	475	125	345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	10	45	35	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	85	45	45
54. History	40	25	20	130	65	60
55. French language and literature/letters	40	0	40	20	15	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,170	415	760	1,935	545	1,385
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	30	10	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	15	55	200	60	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	170	15	160	505	30	470
22. Legal professions and studies	170	55	110	270	60	200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	15	0	0	0
42. Psychology	190	60	130	290	65	225
45. Social sciences	540	270	270	635	315	325
Business, management and public administration	2,685	1,265	1,420	6,015	1,550	4,470
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	15	55	285	35	255
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,620	1,255	1,370	5,725	1,505	4,210
Physical and life sciences and technologies	560	250	310	1,110	555	550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	100	150	380	185	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	50	50	260	105	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	185	95	90	375	220	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	95	45	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	550	340	210	910	535	375
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	300	155	785	480	305
25. Library science	10	0	10	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	30	90	50	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	0	15	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,475	1,220	255	12,200	10,795	1,405
04. Architecture and related services	60	30	25	125	85	40
14. Engineering	910	710	195	2,585	2,140	440
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	210	190	20	1,955	1,595	360
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	85	85	0	2,465	2,275	195
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	140	135	10	3,890	3,600	290
48. Precision production	70	65	10	1,185	1,105	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85	45	40	575	310	265
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	35	15	235	85	145
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	10	30	345	225	120
Health and related fields	805	190	615	3,090	580	2,510
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	90	40	50	240	95	140
51. Health professions and related programs	665	130	535	2,810	460	2,350
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	20	30	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	235	120	120	2,665	1,635	1,035
12. Personal and culinary services	145	40	105	950	175	775
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	25	20	10	315	240	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	65	50	10	1,400	1,215	185
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,510	31,790	26,715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,860	2,275	2,585	24,025	12,645	11,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	11,975	5,865	6,110	34,480	19,145	15,335
Location of study inside Canada	9,840	4,790	5,055	27,145	15,725	11,425
Same as province or territory of residence	9,160	4,425	4,735	12,595	7,790	4,805
Different than province or territory of residence	680	360	320	14,550	7,930	6,620
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,135	1,075	1,060	7,335	3,425	3,910
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	250	190	60	425	220	205
Philippines	55	20	35	2,325	890	1,435
India	150	55	95	1,320	680	635
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	135	90	45	255	175	80
China^{Census data footnote 162}	265	105	155	200	95	105
France	75	50	25	15	10	10
Other	1,205	560	640	2,795	1,355	1,445
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	10,470	4,955	5,515	48,230	26,255	21,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,855	840	1,015	16,845	8,890	7,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	8,620	4,120	4,505	31,395	17,355	14,030
Location of study inside Canada	7,095	3,395	3,695	24,425	14,125	10,300
Same as province or territory of residence	6,525	3,105	3,420	10,930	6,785	4,150
Different than province or territory of residence	570	295	280	13,490	7,340	6,150
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,525	720	805	6,965	3,235	3,730
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	175	135	45	405	205	200
Philippines	30	10	25	2,250	855	1,390
India	100	30	70	1,250	635	615
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	85	55	35	215	135	80
China^{Census data footnote 162}	235	95	145	195	95	100
France	55	35	20	10	10	10
Other	840	370	470	2,645	1,300	1,340
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	16,830	8,135	8,700	58,505	31,790	26,715
In the labour force	11,245	5,780	5,465	45,390	27,330	18,055
Employed	10,585	5,445	5,135	42,130	25,595	16,535
Unemployed	665	335	330	3,255	1,735	1,520
Not in the labour force	5,585	2,355	3,230	13,120	4,460	8,655
Participation rate	66.8	71.1	62.8	77.6	86.0	67.6
Employment rate	62.9	66.9	59.0	72.0	80.5	61.9
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.8	6.0	7.2	6.3	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	16,830	8,135	8,695	58,505	31,795	26,715
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	5,100	2,095	3,005	11,310	3,555	7,750
Worked	11,725	6,040	5,695	47,195	28,230	18,960
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	6,025	3,390	2,640	31,400	20,115	11,285
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,700	2,645	3,050	15,795	8,115	7,680
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.4	45.3	46.2	43.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	11,245	5,780	5,465	45,385	27,330	18,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	140	70	685	295	390
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	11,035	5,640	5,400	44,705	27,035	17,665
Employee	9,460	4,570	4,890	42,420	25,705	16,715
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,575	1,070	505	2,280	1,330	955
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	11,245	5,780	5,465	45,390	27,330	18,060
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	135	70	685	295	390
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	11,035	5,640	5,395	44,705	27,035	17,670
0 Management occupations	2,035	1,365	670	4,120	2,440	1,680
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,385	790	1,595	5,630	1,325	4,310
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,290	960	330	3,835	2,930	905
3 Health occupations	650	170	475	1,390	245	1,150
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,070	310	765	3,270	925	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	370	170	205	440	150	290
6 Sales and service occupations	2,490	1,230	1,255	8,030	3,180	4,855
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	550	505	40	13,595	12,070	1,530
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	35	30	0	1,695	1,430	260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	170	115	55	2,695	2,350	350
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	11,245	5,780	5,465	45,390	27,330	18,055
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	140	70	685	295	390
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	11,040	5,645	5,395	44,700	27,035	17,665
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	25	10	20	230	145	85
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	13,335	10,695	2,640
22 Utilities	45	25	15	295	200	100
23 Construction	335	290	45	4,555	3,545	1,010
31-33 Manufacturing	1,260	815	445	1,435	1,135	295
41 Wholesale trade	935	520	415	1,550	1,030	520
44-45 Retail trade	1,345	605	745	3,685	1,720	1,970
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	700	425	270	2,345	1,700	645
51 Information and cultural industries	380	230	150	255	120	140
52 Finance and insurance	660	355	310	540	130	415
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	285	150	135	1,010	615	395
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,455	910	540	1,750	1,055	695
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	25	50	35	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	310	165	140	2,280	1,125	1,150
61 Educational services	780	220	560	2,085	425	1,655
62 Health care and social assistance	960	195	765	2,395	335	2,065
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	240	130	110	505	140	365
72 Accommodation and food services	645	315	330	2,395	915	1,480
81 Other services (except public administration)	345	145	200	1,865	885	975
91 Public administration	285	125	160	2,145	1,090	1,060
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	10,585	5,450	5,135	42,130	25,595	16,535
Worked at home	1,080	580	495	1,730	620	1,115
Worked outside Canada	95	80	15	30	15	10
No fixed workplace address	705	490	215	5,830	4,605	1,225
Worked at usual place	8,705	4,295	4,410	34,545	20,360	14,185
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	8,705	4,295	4,405	34,545	20,360	14,190
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	865	320	540	33,295	19,690	13,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,145	3,500	3,645	345	165	175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	645	440	205	775	440	330
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	10	130	60	70
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	9,410	4,785	4,620	40,370	24,965	15,415
Car, truck, van - as a driver	7,455	3,965	3,490	23,710	13,500	10,210
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	550	200	355	1,800	1,020	780
Public transit	1,090	490	605	13,040	9,560	3,480
Walked	195	60	135	1,400	660	740
Bicycle	35	40	0	70	40	25
Other method	80	35	45	350	180	175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	9,405	4,785	4,625	40,375	24,965	15,410
Less than 15 minutes	2,170	870	1,305	10,415	4,225	6,190
15 to 29 minutes	3,065	1,590	1,475	9,445	5,145	4,305
30 to 44 minutes	2,030	1,185	850	7,580	5,515	2,065
45 to 59 minutes	960	545	415	4,995	3,815	1,185
60 minutes and over	1,180	600	580	7,935	6,265	1,670
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	9,410	4,785	4,625	40,375	24,965	15,410
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	320	225	95	6,285	4,920	1,365
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,280	715	560	13,190	9,520	3,675
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,990	1,490	1,505	7,540	3,505	4,030
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,335	1,185	1,155	4,615	1,675	2,940
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,425	610	815	2,075	810	1,265
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,060	565	500	6,670	4,535	2,130
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	12,000	6,130	5,865	48,125	28,595	19,530
Single responses	9,855	5,100	4,755	48,005	28,555	19,445
Official languages	9,775	5,070	4,710	47,790	28,420	19,370
English	6,965	3,590	3,375	47,685	28,415	19,270
French	2,815	1,480	1,340	100	10	95
Non-official languages	75	35	45	210	130	80
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75	35	45	185	115	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	20	15	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	45	25	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	40	25	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0	95	70	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	0	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	80	70	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	10	80	70	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	40	30	0	20
Chinese languages	55	25	35	30	0	25
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	25	30	30	0	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,145	1,030	1,110	120	40	80
English and French	2,030	965	1,060	35	10	25
English and non-official language	50	40	10	85	30	55
French and non-official language	10	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	20	30	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	12,000	6,135	5,865	48,125	28,595	19,530
None	4,900	2,480	2,415	47,055	28,075	18,975
English	2,205	1,205	1,000	115	45	70
French	4,590	2,250	2,335	375	185	185
Non-official language	210	130	80	565	270	295
Aboriginal	0	0	0	160	75	85
Non-Aboriginal	205	130	80	405	195	210
English and French	0	10	0	0	10	0
English and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	45	20	15	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	19,780	9,635	10,145	71,845	38,605	33,240
Non-movers	18,765	9,180	9,595	60,540	32,525	28,015
Movers	1,015	460	555	11,305	6,075	5,225
Non-migrants	480	230	250	8,685	4,740	3,940
Migrants	530	225	305	2,620	1,335	1,285
Internal migrants	435	185	245	1,915	995	925
Intraprovincial migrants	395	170	225	885	505	380
Interprovincial migrants	40	15	25	1,035	490	545
External migrants	100	40	60	705	340	360
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	19,190	9,350	9,835	67,080	36,220	30,865
Non-movers	15,240	7,485	7,750	29,470	15,960	13,510
Movers	3,955	1,865	2,085	37,610	20,255	17,355
Non-migrants	1,640	755	890	20,405	11,365	9,035
Migrants	2,315	1,115	1,195	17,205	8,890	8,315
Internal migrants	1,690	830	860	13,070	6,950	6,120
Intraprovincial migrants	1,520	750	770	3,610	2,015	1,600
Interprovincial migrants	170	80	85	9,460	4,940	4,520
External migrants	620	285	335	4,135	1,940	2,200

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kirkland, V [Census subdivision], Quebec and Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Wood Buffalo [Census agglomeration], Alberta